US20170153371A1 - Polarized film and display device having the same - Google Patents
Polarized film and display device having the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170153371A1 US20170153371A1 US15/245,390 US201615245390A US2017153371A1 US 20170153371 A1 US20170153371 A1 US 20170153371A1 US 201615245390 A US201615245390 A US 201615245390A US 2017153371 A1 US2017153371 A1 US 2017153371A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- phase
- polarizing film
- display panel
- support layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 279
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- H01L51/5237—
-
- H01L51/5281—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/40—OLEDs integrated with touch screens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
-
- H01L2251/5338—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/311—Flexible OLED
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/844—Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/873—Encapsulations
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an anti-reflection polarizing film and a display device having the same.
- Exemplary display devices include LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Display), EPD (Electrophoretic Display, Electronic Paper Display), PDP (Plasma Display Panel), FED (Field Emission Display), an ELD (Electro Luminescence Display), EWD (Electro-Wetting Display), etc.
- Display devices have a display panel to produce images.
- Such a display panel includes a pair of substrates attached together, with a luminescent material and/or a polarizing material between the substrates.
- An organic light-emitting display is a self-luminance display device and thus does not require an additional light source such as those used in a liquid-crystal display (LCD). Accordingly, the OLED can be lighter and thinner. In addition, an OLED is advantageous over an LCD in terms of viewing angle, contrast and power consumption. In addition, an OLED is driven with low DC voltage, has a fast response speed, is robust to external impact due to its solid-phase internal components, and is workable in a wide range of temperatures.
- An OLED may include a window substrate covering a display panel.
- an OLED may include a touch screen panel that detects a position touched by a user to convert such touch inputs into electric signals.
- a window substrate and/or a touch screen panel is disposed on the display panel, external light is reflected off the window substrate and/or the touch screen panel. Accordingly, a viewer or user perceives the reflected light containing no image information, and thus the image quality of the OLED may be degraded.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide an anti-reflection polarizing film in which a part of a particular layer is extended towards an edge to avoid an adhesive material applied on the part from being damaged when the polarizing film is bent, and a display device including the same.
- an anti-reflection polarizing film including: a polarization layer configured to linearly polarize light; a phase-difference layer configured to circularly polarize light passing through the polarization layer; a first support layer between the polarization layer and the phase-difference layer, configured to protect the polarization layer; and a second support layer facing the first support layer with the polarization layer therebetween, configured to protect the polarization layer, wherein a part of a particular layer among the layers facing the second support layer extends further than an edge of at least one other layer.
- a display device including: a flexible display panel having a display area and a bezel area surrounding the display area; a circularly-polarizing film on the flexible display panel, comprising a plurality of layers and configured to absorb some of light reflected from a surface of the flexible display panel; a circuit unit connected to the flexible display panel and configured to supply electric signals to the flexible display panel; and an adhesive member configured to attach a part of a particular layer among the plurality of layers of the circularly-polarizing film to the circuit unit, wherein the part of the particular layer extends towards an edge of the bezel area.
- a structure including: an upper film stack in which a hard coating film, an upper tri-acetate cellulose film, and a polarizing film are stacked in order; and a lower film stack in which a lower tri-acetate cellulose film and a phase-difference film are stacked in order, the lower film stack located under and in contact with the upper film stack, wherein the lower tri-acetate cellulose film comprises an area where an adhesive material is to be applied, which is not covered by the upper film stack.
- a barrier film for protecting a display panel between the display panel and an anti-reflection polarizing film is not required, and thus it is possible to minimize decreasing a transmittance ratio of images in a display device having the display panel.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel employing the anti-reflection polarizing film shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- first, second, third and the like in the descriptions and in the claims are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. These terms are used to merely distinguish one element from another. Accordingly, as used herein, a first element may be a second element within the technical idea of the present disclosure.
- x-direction As used herein, the terms “x-direction,” “y-direction” and “z-direction” are not limited to three orthogonal directions used in the Cartesian coordinate system but have broader directivity to indicate the directions in which the elements of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure function.
- the term “at least one” is to be interpreted as comprising all possible combinations of the elements listed thereafter.
- the phrase “at least one of a first element, a second element and a third element” may refer to the first element, the second element or the third element, as well as all possible combinations of two or more of them.
- the image quality of an OLED device may be degraded by the reflection of external light.
- a polarizing film may be disposed on a display panel of an OLED device.
- the display panel of the OLED device may be used in a flexible display device.
- a protection film or a barrier film is used between the display panel and the polarizing film for protecting the display panel.
- the display panel is connected to a circuit unit.
- An adhesive is used to attach a part of the protection film disposed under the polarizing film that is extended towards an edge, to the circuit unit disposed to the display panel.
- the adhesive can securely maintain the connection between the circuit unit and the display panel when the display panel and the polarizing film are bent.
- the protection film is an essential element because the adhesive, which protects the display panel and securely maintains the connection between the circuit unit and the display panel, is attached to the protection film and not to the polarizing film.
- the protection film may result in decreasing the transmittance ratio of images in the display device.
- the inventors of the application have attempted to remove the protection film. If the protection film is removed, however, the adhesive may be attached to a side surface of the polarizing film. If the adhesive is attached to a side surface of the polarizing film, the adhesive may be damaged at the side surface when the display panel and the polarizing film are bent, and thus the connection between the display panel and the circuit unit cannot be secured. In addition, the adhesive may be applied on the display area of the polarizing film during the process of applying the adhesive, such that it may affect images displayed by the display panel.
- the present inventors have studied a way of using a polarizing film without a protection film, and have solved the problems of damage to the adhesive, the adhesive being applied on the display area or polarizing film. Accordingly, the inventors of the application have devised a polarizing film having a novel structure that suppresses the degradation of the image quality by the reflected light and decrease in transmittance ratio while solving the problems, and a display panel employing it.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel employing the anti-reflection polarizing film shown in FIG. 1 .
- the structure of the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 and the display panel 150 employing it will be described together with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 may include a phase-difference layer 109 , a first support layer 107 , a second support layer 103 , a polarization layer 105 , and a hard coating layer 101 .
- the hard coating layer (or a hard coating film) 101 may be disposed on the top of the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 .
- the hard coating layer 101 may be disposed above the first support layer 107 .
- the hard coating layer 101 disposed on the top may be exposed to the outside.
- the hard coating layer 101 may avoid the surface of the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 from being contaminated by particles from the outside or the like. That is, the hard coating layer 101 may protect other layers thereunder.
- the hard coating layer 101 may include a transparent resin and thus may have non-optical properties.
- the polarization layer (or the polarizing film) 105 may be disposed below the hard coating layer 101 .
- the polarization layer 105 may be disposed between the first support layer 107 and the second support layer 103 .
- the polarization layer 105 may include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and have a transmission axis in a direction. Accordingly, the polarization layer 105 only transmits light parallel with the transmission axis. Accordingly, the transmitted light is linearly polarized.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the phase-difference layer (or a phase-difference film or retardation layer or retardation film) 109 may be disposed below the polarization layer 105 .
- the polarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109 may be disposed in order.
- the phase-difference layer 109 may be disposed under the first support layer 107 .
- the phase-difference layer 109 may be a ⁇ /4 phase-difference layer (quarter-wave plate, QWP).
- the phase-difference layer 109 may have a polarization axis (or a slow axis) and may retard the phase of the light transmitting along the polarization axis. Accordingly, the phase-difference layer 109 may convert linearly-polarized light into circularly-polarized light and vice versa.
- External light may pass through the polarization layer 105 , which may linearly polarize the external light. Specifically, if the polarization layer 105 has the transmission axis in parallel with the x-axis direction (or the y-axis direction), the light may be converted into a linearly polarized light transmitting in the x-axis direction through the polarization layer 105 .
- the light linearly-polarized by the polarization layer 105 may transmit the phase-difference layer 109 .
- the phase-difference layer 109 may be, but is not limited to, a ⁇ /4 phase-difference layer (quarter-wave plate, QWP). If the polarization axis (or the slow axis) of the phase-difference layer 109 makes an angle between +40 degrees and +50 degrees (or ⁇ 40 degrees and ⁇ 50 degrees) with the transmission axis of the polarization layer 105 , for example, the light linearly polarized by the polarization layer 105 may transmit the phase-difference layer 109 to be right-circularly-polarized (or left-circularly-polarized).
- the light that has been right-circularly-polarized by the phase-difference layer 109 may be reflected off the display panel 150 . That is, some of the external light may be absorbed through the polarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109 , and the rest of the external light may be reflected off the display panel 150 to become reflected light. The reflected light may be right-circularly-polarized (or left-circularly-polarized) once again through the phase-difference layer 109 .
- the reflected light transmitted from the phase-difference layer 109 may transmit to the polarization layer 109 once again. Since the phase of the reflected light has been shifted once again in the phase-difference layer 109 , only a little of the reflected light may transmit to the polarization layer 105 . That is, some of the reflected light may be absorbed through the polarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109 , and the rest of the reflected light may exit.
- the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 having the polarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109 may minimize the degradation of the image quality by the reflected light from the external light.
- the first support layer 107 may be disposed between the polarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109 .
- the first support layer 107 may protect the polarization layer 105 .
- the second support layer (or a second auxiliary support layer) 103 may be disposed on the polarization layer 105 .
- the second support layer 103 faces the first support layer 107 with the polarization layer 105 therebetween. Accordingly, the second support layer 103 may protect the polarization layer 105 .
- the first support layer 107 and the second support layer 103 may be made of tri-acetate cellulose (TAC), for example, and thus may have better durability than the phase-difference layer 109 , and have non-optical properties. Accordingly, the second support layer 103 may protect the phase-difference layer 109 .
- TAC tri-acetate cellulose
- the first support layer 107 and the second support layer 103 may also be referred to as TAC films.
- a part of a particular layer of the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 that faces the second support layer 103 may extends further than an edge of at least one other layer.
- the hard coating layer 101 , the second support 103 and the polarization layer 105 may be stacked on one another in order.
- the layers may be referred to as an upper film stack of the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 .
- the first support layer 107 and the phase-difference layer 109 may be stacked on each other in order.
- the layers may be referred to as a lower film stack of the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 .
- the lower film stack may be located under and be in contact with the upper film stack.
- the first support layer 107 of the lower film stack may be included in the upper film stack.
- the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 may be disposed on the display panel 150 .
- the display panel 150 may be a flexible display panel having a display area and a bezel area surrounding the display area.
- the flexible display panel (or the plastic substrate) 150 includes circuit unit 151 .
- the circuit unit 151 may be connected to the flexible display panel 150 to supply electric signals.
- a part of a particular layer of the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 may be extended towards an edge.
- the particular layer may face the second supply layer 103 .
- the particular layer may include at least the phase-difference layer 109 . That is, the particular layer may be the phase-difference layer 109 . Accordingly, a part of the phase-difference layer 109 of the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 may be extended towards an edge.
- An adhesive material (or an adhesive member) 153 may be attached on the part of the phase-difference layer 109 extended towards the edge.
- the adhesive material 153 may be attached to the circuit unit 151 of the flexible display panel 150 . That is, the adhesive material 153 may be used to attach the circuit unit 151 connected to the flexible display panel 150 to the part of the phase-difference layer 109 .
- the adhesive material 153 may securely maintain the connection between the circuit unit 151 and the flexible display panel 150 when the flexible display panel 150 and the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 are bent.
- the adhesive material 153 may be applied on the upper surface and on the side surface of the part of the phase-difference layer 109 . Accordingly, the adhesive material 153 may be securely attached on the phase-difference layer 109 . Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the adhesive material 153 from being damaged when the display panel 150 and the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 are bent.
- the part of the phase-difference layer 109 may be disposed in an area corresponding to the bezel area of the flexible display panel 150 .
- the adhesive material 153 may be attached to an area of the phase-difference layer 109 that corresponds to the bezel area, not the area corresponding to the display area of the display panel 150 . Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the influence of the adhesive material 153 on the polarization of the external light in the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 .
- the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 may not require the barrier film for protecting the flexible display panel 150 between the flexible display panel 150 and the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 . As a result, it is possible to minimize any decrease in transmittance ratio of images in the OLED device including the flexible display panel 150 .
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- An anti-reflection polarizing film 200 shown in FIG. 3 is substantially identical to the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 shown in FIG. 1 except for the structure of the particular layer; and, therefore, the redundant description will be omitted.
- a part of a particular layer may be extended towards another edge opposed to an edge.
- the particular layer may face the second supply layer 103 .
- the particular layer may be the phase-difference layer 209 . That is, apart of the phase-difference layer 209 is extended towards an edge and the other part of the phase-difference layer 209 is extended towards another edge opposed to the edge.
- the anti-reflection polarizing film 200 with the parts extended from the respective edges may be applied when two or more opposing circuit units are connected to the flexible display panel.
- An adhesive material may be attached on the parts of the phase-difference layer 209 .
- the adhesive material may be attached to the circuit units of the flexible display panel. That is, the adhesive material may be used to attach the circuit units connected to the flexible display panel to the respective parts of the phase-difference layer 209 .
- the adhesive material can securely maintain the connection between the circuit units and the flexible display panel when the flexible display panel and the polarizing film 200 are bent.
- the adhesive material may be applied on the upper surface and on the side surface of the parts of the phase-difference layer 209 . Accordingly, the adhesive material may be securely attached on the phase-difference layer 209 . Accordingly, it is possible to minimize damage to the adhesive material 153 applied on the parts of the phase-difference layer 209 when the display panel and the anti-reflection polarizing film 200 are bent.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- An anti-reflection polarizing film 300 shown in FIG. 4 is substantially identical to the anti-reflection polarizing film 300 shown in FIG. 1 except for the structure of the particular layer; and, therefore, the redundant description will be omitted.
- a particular layer of the anti-reflection polarizing film 300 shown in FIG. 4 may include a plurality of layers disposed below the second support layer 103 .
- the particular layer may include at least the first support layer 307 and the phase-difference layer 109 . That is, the particular layer may be the first support layer 307 and the phase-difference layer 109 .
- the first support layer 307 may be disposed between the polarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109 .
- the first support layer 307 may be disposed under the polarization layer 105 and may protect the polarization layer 105 .
- the first support layer 307 may be disposed on the phase-difference layer 109 and may protect the phase-difference layer 109 .
- each of the first support layer 307 and the phase-difference layer 109 of the anti-reflection polarizing film 300 may be extended towards an edge.
- the end portions of the first support layer 307 and the phase-difference layer 109 can be aligned together.
- An adhesive material may be attached on the upper surface and side surface of the extended part of the first support layer 307 and on the side surface of the extended part of the phase-difference layer 109 .
- the adhesive material may be attached to circuit unit of the flexible display panel. That is, the adhesive material may be used to attach the circuit unit connected to the flexible display panel to the parts of the first support layer 307 and the phase-difference layer 109 .
- the adhesive material can securely maintain the connection between the circuit unit and the flexible display panel when the flexible display panel and the polarizing film 300 are bent.
- the adhesive material is applied on the part of the lower film stack.
- the adhesive material may cover the entire end portion of the lower film stack and a part of the circuit unit located on the end of the flexible display panel.
- the size of the area in which the adhesive material is disposed may be dependent on a size of a flexible display panel or bending degrees of the end portion.
- the area formed in the lower film stack may correspond to the bezel area of the flexible display panel. Accordingly, as the area of the bezel area increases, the applied area of the adhesive material can be increased.
- the adhesive material may be applied on an area that can be increased. By doing so, the adhesive material can be attached to the anti-reflection polarizing film 300 more securely. Further, as the bend of the flexible display panel increases, the bend of the adhesive material can be increased. In case the area in which the adhesive material is applied increases, the force exerted in the adhesive material is dispersed. As the force exerted on the adhesive material is dispersed, it is possible to minimize damage to the adhesive material.
- the adhesive material is disposed in the area, and thus the rear surface of the display device along with the end portion of the flexible display panel may be bent.
- the adhesive material may be applied on the upper surface and on the side surface of the part of the first support layer 307 and on the side surface of the part of the phase-difference layer 109 . Accordingly, the adhesive material can be securely attached on the first support layer 307 . Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the adhesive material applied on the part of the first support layer 307 from being damaged when the display panel and the anti-reflection polarizing film 300 are bent.
- the part of the first support layer 307 and the part of the phase-difference layer 109 may be disposed in an area corresponding to the bezel area of the flexible display panel.
- the adhesive material may be attached to the area corresponding to the bezel area, not the area of the first support layer 307 that corresponds to the display area of the display panel. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the influence of the external light on the anti-reflection polarizing film 300 by the adhesive material 150 .
- the anti-reflection polarizing film 300 may not require the barrier film for protecting the flexible display panel 150 between the flexible display panel and the anti-reflection polarizing film 300 . That is, there may be no protection film in contact with the lower film stack. As a result, it is possible to minimize a decrease in transmittance ratio of images in the OLED device including the flexible display panel 150 .
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- An anti-reflection polarizing film 400 shown in FIG. 5 is substantially identical to the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 shown in FIG. 1 except for the structure of the anti-reflection polarizing film and the structure of the particular layer; and, therefore, the redundant description will be omitted.
- the anti-reflection polarizing film 400 shown in FIG. 5 may include a third support layer 411 .
- the third support layer (or a second auxiliary support layer) 411 may be disposed under a phase-difference layer 409 .
- the third support layer 411 faces the first support layer 107 with the phase-difference layer 409 therebetween. Accordingly, the third support layer 411 may protect the phase-difference layer 409 .
- the third support layer 411 may be made of tri-acetate cellulose (TAC), for example, and thus may have better durability than the phase-difference layer 409 , and non-optical properties. Accordingly, the third support layer 411 may also be referred to as a TAC film.
- TAC tri-acetate cellulose
- a particular layer of the anti-reflection polarizing film 400 shown in FIG. 5 may be the third support layer 411 .
- a part of the third support layer 411 of the anti-reflection polarizing film 400 may be extended towards an edge.
- An adhesive material (or an adhesive member) may be attached on the extended part of the third support layer 411 .
- the adhesive material may be attached to circuit unit of the flexible display panel. That is, the adhesive material may be used to attach the circuit unit connected to the flexible display panel to the part of the third support layer 411 .
- the adhesive material can securely maintain the connection between the circuit unit and the flexible display panel when the flexible display panel and the polarizing film 400 are bent.
- the adhesive material may be applied on the upper surface and on the side surface of the part of the third support layer. Accordingly, the adhesive material can be securely attached on the third support layer 411 . Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the adhesive material applied on the part of the third support layer 411 from being damaged when the display panel and the anti-reflection polarizing film 400 are bent.
- the part of the third support layer 411 may be disposed in an area corresponding to the bezel area of the flexible display panel.
- the adhesive material may be attached to the area corresponding to the bezel area, not the area of the phase-difference layer 409 that corresponds to the display area of the display panel. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the influence of the external light on the anti-reflection polarizing film 400 by the adhesive material 150 .
- the anti-reflection polarizing film 400 may not require the barrier film for protecting the flexible display panel between the flexible display panel and the anti-reflection polarizing film 400 . As a result, it is possible to minimize a decrease in transmittance ratio of images in the OLED device including the flexible display panel.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- An anti-reflection polarizing film 500 shown in FIG. 6 is substantially identical to the anti-reflection polarizing film 400 shown in FIG. 5 except for the structure of the particular layer; and, therefore, the redundant description will be omitted.
- a particular layer of the anti-reflection polarizing film 500 shown in FIG. 6 may include a plurality of layers disposed below the second support layer 103 .
- the particular layer may include at least a first support layer 307 , a phase-difference layer 109 and a third support layer 411 .
- each of the first support layer 307 , the phase-difference layer 109 and the third support layer 411 of the anti-reflection polarizing film 500 may be extended towards an edge.
- the end portions of the first support layer 307 , the phase-difference layer 109 and the third support layer 411 can be aligned together.
- An adhesive material may be attached on the upper surface and side surface of the extended part of the first support layer 307 , on the side surface of the extended part of the phase-difference layer 109 , and on the side surface of the extended part of the third support layer 411 .
- the adhesive material may be attached to circuit unit of the flexible display panel. That is, the adhesive material may be used to attach the circuit unit connected to the flexible display panel to the parts of the first support layer 307 , the phase-difference layer 109 and the third support layer 411 .
- the adhesive material can securely maintain the connection between the circuit unit and the flexible display panel when the flexible display panel and the polarizing film 500 are bent.
- the adhesive material may be applied on the upper surface and the side surface of the part of the first support layer 307 , on the side surface of the part of the phase-difference layer 109 , and on the side surface of the third support layer 411 . Accordingly, the adhesive material can be securely attached on the first support layer 307 . Accordingly, it is possible to minimize damage to the adhesive material applied on the part of the first support layer 307 when the display panel and the anti-reflection polarizing film 500 are bent.
- the part of the first support layer 307 , the part of the phase-difference layer 109 and the part of the third support layer 411 may be disposed in an area corresponding to the bezel area of the flexible display panel.
- the adhesive material may be attached to the area corresponding to the bezel area, and not the area of the first support layer 307 that corresponds to the display area of the display panel. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the influence of the external light on the anti-reflection polarizing film 500 by the adhesive material 150 .
- the anti-reflection polarizing film 500 may not require the barrier film for protecting the flexible display panel between the flexible display panel and the anti-reflection polarizing film 500 . As a result, it is possible to minimize a decrease in transmittance ratio of images in the OLED device including the flexible display panel.
- an anti-reflection polarizing film includes: a polarization layer configured to linearly polarize light; a phase-difference layer configured to circularly polarize light passed through the polarization layer; a first support layer disposed between the polarization layer and the phase-difference layer, configured to protect the polarization layer; and a second support layer facing the first support layer with the polarization layer therebetween, configured to protect the polarization layer, wherein a part of a particular layer among the layers facing the second support layer extends further than an edge of at least one other layer.
- the part of the particular layer may minimize damage to an adhesive material applied on the part when the anti-reflection polarizing film is bent, and minimize influence of the adhesive material on polarization of the external light.
- the particular layer may be the phase-difference layer.
- the particular layer may include the first support layer.
- the anti-reflection polarizing film may further include: a third support layer facing the first support layer with the phase-difference layer therebetween to protect the phase-difference layer, and the particular layer may be the third support layer.
- the particular layer may include the phase-difference layer and the first support layer.
- the part of the particular layer may be extended towards another edge that is opposed to the edge.
- a display device including: a flexible display panel having a display area and a bezel area surrounding the display area; a circularly-polarizing film on the flexible display panel comprising a plurality of layers and configured to absorb some light reflected from a surface of the flexible display panel; circuit unit connected to the flexible display panel and configured to supply electric signals to the flexible display panel; and an adhesive member configured to attach a part of a particular layer among the plurality of layers of the circularly-polarizing film to the circuit unit, wherein the part of the particular layer extends towards an edge of the bezel area.
- the part of the particular layer may minimize damage to the adhesive member when the flexible display panel is bent, and attach the adhesive member to an area of the circularly-polarizing film that corresponds to the bezel area to minimize influence on polarization of the external light in the display area.
- the plurality of layers may include at least a polarization layer, a phase-difference layer and a support layer disposed between the polarization layer and the phase-difference layer, and the particular layer may include at least the phase-difference layer.
- the particular layer may include at least the support layer.
- the plurality of layers may include a first auxiliary support layer facing the support layer with the polarization layer therebetween to protect the polarization layer, and the particular layer may include a plurality of layers disposed below the first auxiliary support layer.
- the plurality of layers may include a second auxiliary support layer facing the support layer with the phase-difference layer therebetween to protect the phase-difference layer, and the particular layer may include at least the second auxiliary support layer.
- the circularly-polarizing film may have a structure that does not include the need for a barrier film for protecting the flexible display panel between the flexible display panel and the anti-reflection polarizing film.
- a structure including: an upper film stack in which a hard coating film, an upper tri-acetate cellulose film, and a polarizing film are stacked in order; and a lower film stack in which a lower tri-acetate cellulose film and a phase-difference film are stacked in order, the lower film stack located being disposed under and in contact with the upper film stack, wherein the lower tri-acetate cellulose film comprises an area not covered by the upper film stack where an adhesive material is to be applied.
- An adhesive material may be disposed in the area, such that a rear surface of the display device is bent together with an end portion of a plastic substrate thereunder.
- the adhesive material may cover an entire end portion of the lower film stack and cover a part of a circuit unit disposed at the end portion of the plastic substrate.
- the size of the area in which the adhesive material is disposed depends on a size of a display panel or bending degrees of the end portion.
- the structure may not include a barrier film in contact with the lower film stack.
- the upper film stack and the lower film stack may be adapted to be employed in an organic light-emitting display (OLED) device.
- OLED organic light-emitting display
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0169544 filed on Nov. 30, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Technical Field
- The present disclosure relates to an anti-reflection polarizing film and a display device having the same.
- Description of the Related Art
- As information technology has developed display devices that represent information in the form of visual images are in widespread use. In accordance with such development, various display panels that can be implemented in devices which are thinner, lighter and consume less power have been developed to rapidly replace existing CRTs (Cathode Ray Tubes).
- Exemplary display devices include LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Display), EPD (Electrophoretic Display, Electronic Paper Display), PDP (Plasma Display Panel), FED (Field Emission Display), an ELD (Electro Luminescence Display), EWD (Electro-Wetting Display), etc. Display devices have a display panel to produce images. Such a display panel includes a pair of substrates attached together, with a luminescent material and/or a polarizing material between the substrates.
- An organic light-emitting display (OLED) is a self-luminance display device and thus does not require an additional light source such as those used in a liquid-crystal display (LCD). Accordingly, the OLED can be lighter and thinner. In addition, an OLED is advantageous over an LCD in terms of viewing angle, contrast and power consumption. In addition, an OLED is driven with low DC voltage, has a fast response speed, is robust to external impact due to its solid-phase internal components, and is workable in a wide range of temperatures.
- An OLED may include a window substrate covering a display panel. In addition, an OLED may include a touch screen panel that detects a position touched by a user to convert such touch inputs into electric signals. When a window substrate and/or a touch screen panel is disposed on the display panel, external light is reflected off the window substrate and/or the touch screen panel. Accordingly, a viewer or user perceives the reflected light containing no image information, and thus the image quality of the OLED may be degraded.
- In view of the above, an object of the present disclosure is to provide an anti-reflection polarizing film in which a part of a particular layer is extended towards an edge to avoid an adhesive material applied on the part from being damaged when the polarizing film is bent, and a display device including the same.
- It should be noted that objects of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-described objects, and other objects of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following descriptions.
- According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an anti-reflection polarizing film including: a polarization layer configured to linearly polarize light; a phase-difference layer configured to circularly polarize light passing through the polarization layer; a first support layer between the polarization layer and the phase-difference layer, configured to protect the polarization layer; and a second support layer facing the first support layer with the polarization layer therebetween, configured to protect the polarization layer, wherein a part of a particular layer among the layers facing the second support layer extends further than an edge of at least one other layer.
- According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a display device including: a flexible display panel having a display area and a bezel area surrounding the display area; a circularly-polarizing film on the flexible display panel, comprising a plurality of layers and configured to absorb some of light reflected from a surface of the flexible display panel; a circuit unit connected to the flexible display panel and configured to supply electric signals to the flexible display panel; and an adhesive member configured to attach a part of a particular layer among the plurality of layers of the circularly-polarizing film to the circuit unit, wherein the part of the particular layer extends towards an edge of the bezel area.
- According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a structure including: an upper film stack in which a hard coating film, an upper tri-acetate cellulose film, and a polarizing film are stacked in order; and a lower film stack in which a lower tri-acetate cellulose film and a phase-difference film are stacked in order, the lower film stack located under and in contact with the upper film stack, wherein the lower tri-acetate cellulose film comprises an area where an adhesive material is to be applied, which is not covered by the upper film stack.
- According to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to avoid an adhesive material applied on a part of a particular layer from being damaged when a display panel and an anti-reflection polarizing film are bent.
- According to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to minimize influence of an adhesive material on polarization of external light in an anti-reflection polarizing film.
- In addition, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, a barrier film for protecting a display panel between the display panel and an anti-reflection polarizing film is not required, and thus it is possible to minimize decreasing a transmittance ratio of images in a display device having the display panel.
- It should be noted that effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those described above and other effects of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following descriptions.
- The above and other aspects, features and other advantages of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel employing the anti-reflection polarizing film shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. - Advantages and features of the present disclosure and methods to achieve them will become apparent from the descriptions of exemplary embodiments herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to exemplary embodiments disclosed herein but may be implemented in various different ways. The exemplary embodiments are provided for making the present disclosure thorough and for fully conveying the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. It is to be noted that the scope of the present disclosure is defined only by the claims.
- The figures, dimensions, ratios, angles, and the numbers of elements given in the drawings are merely illustrative and are not limiting. Like reference numerals denote like elements throughout the descriptions. Further, descriptions of well-known technologies may be omitted in order not to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present disclosure.
- It is to be noted that the terms “comprising,” “having,” “including” and so on, used in the description and claims, should not be interpreted as being restricted to the means listed thereafter unless specifically stated otherwise. Where an indefinite or definite article is used when referring to a singular noun, e.g. “a,” “an,” “the,” this includes a plural of that noun unless specifically stated otherwise.
- In describing elements, they are interpreted as including error margins even without explicit statements.
- In describing positional relationship, such as “an element A on an element B,” “an element A above an element B,” “an element A below an element B” and “an element A next to an element B,” another element C may be disposed between the elements A and B unless the term “directly” or “immediately” is explicitly used.
- In describing temporal relationship, terms such as “after,” “subsequent to,” “next to” and “before” are not limited to “directly after,” “directly subsequent to,” “immediately next to” “immediately before,” and so on, unless otherwise specified.
- The terms first, second, third and the like in the descriptions and in the claims are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. These terms are used to merely distinguish one element from another. Accordingly, as used herein, a first element may be a second element within the technical idea of the present disclosure.
- As used herein, the terms “x-direction,” “y-direction” and “z-direction” are not limited to three orthogonal directions used in the Cartesian coordinate system but have broader directivity to indicate the directions in which the elements of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure function.
- The term “at least one” is to be interpreted as comprising all possible combinations of the elements listed thereafter. For example, the phrase “at least one of a first element, a second element and a third element” may refer to the first element, the second element or the third element, as well as all possible combinations of two or more of them.
- The image quality of an OLED device may be degraded by the reflection of external light. To avoid this, a polarizing film may be disposed on a display panel of an OLED device. The display panel of the OLED device may be used in a flexible display device. A protection film or a barrier film is used between the display panel and the polarizing film for protecting the display panel. The display panel is connected to a circuit unit.
- An adhesive is used to attach a part of the protection film disposed under the polarizing film that is extended towards an edge, to the circuit unit disposed to the display panel. The adhesive can securely maintain the connection between the circuit unit and the display panel when the display panel and the polarizing film are bent. The protection film is an essential element because the adhesive, which protects the display panel and securely maintains the connection between the circuit unit and the display panel, is attached to the protection film and not to the polarizing film. The protection film may result in decreasing the transmittance ratio of images in the display device.
- To avoid image quality degradation by the reflected light and improve transmittance ratio of the display device, the inventors of the application have attempted to remove the protection film. If the protection film is removed, however, the adhesive may be attached to a side surface of the polarizing film. If the adhesive is attached to a side surface of the polarizing film, the adhesive may be damaged at the side surface when the display panel and the polarizing film are bent, and thus the connection between the display panel and the circuit unit cannot be secured. In addition, the adhesive may be applied on the display area of the polarizing film during the process of applying the adhesive, such that it may affect images displayed by the display panel.
- To overcome such problems, the present inventors have studied a way of using a polarizing film without a protection film, and have solved the problems of damage to the adhesive, the adhesive being applied on the display area or polarizing film. Accordingly, the inventors of the application have devised a polarizing film having a novel structure that suppresses the degradation of the image quality by the reflected light and decrease in transmittance ratio while solving the problems, and a display panel employing it.
- Features of various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined partially or totally. As will be clearly appreciated by those skilled in the art, technically various interactions and operations are possible. Various exemplary embodiments can be practiced individually or in combination.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel employing the anti-reflection polarizing film shown inFIG. 1 . - The structure of the anti-reflection
polarizing film 100 and thedisplay panel 150 employing it will be described together with reference toFIGS. 1 and 2 . - As shown in
FIG. 1 , the anti-reflection polarizing film 100 (or a circularly-polarizing film) may include a phase-difference layer 109, afirst support layer 107, asecond support layer 103, apolarization layer 105, and ahard coating layer 101. - The hard coating layer (or a hard coating film) 101 may be disposed on the top of the anti-reflection
polarizing film 100. Thehard coating layer 101 may be disposed above thefirst support layer 107. Thehard coating layer 101 disposed on the top may be exposed to the outside. Thehard coating layer 101 may avoid the surface of the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100 from being contaminated by particles from the outside or the like. That is, thehard coating layer 101 may protect other layers thereunder. Thehard coating layer 101 may include a transparent resin and thus may have non-optical properties. - The polarization layer (or the polarizing film) 105 may be disposed below the
hard coating layer 101. Thepolarization layer 105 may be disposed between thefirst support layer 107 and thesecond support layer 103. - For example, the
polarization layer 105 may include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and have a transmission axis in a direction. Accordingly, thepolarization layer 105 only transmits light parallel with the transmission axis. Accordingly, the transmitted light is linearly polarized. - The phase-difference layer (or a phase-difference film or retardation layer or retardation film) 109 may be disposed below the
polarization layer 105. Thepolarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109 may be disposed in order. The phase-difference layer 109 may be disposed under thefirst support layer 107. - The phase-
difference layer 109 may be a λ/4 phase-difference layer (quarter-wave plate, QWP). The phase-difference layer 109 may have a polarization axis (or a slow axis) and may retard the phase of the light transmitting along the polarization axis. Accordingly, the phase-difference layer 109 may convert linearly-polarized light into circularly-polarized light and vice versa. - External light may pass through the
polarization layer 105, which may linearly polarize the external light. Specifically, if thepolarization layer 105 has the transmission axis in parallel with the x-axis direction (or the y-axis direction), the light may be converted into a linearly polarized light transmitting in the x-axis direction through thepolarization layer 105. - The light linearly-polarized by the
polarization layer 105 may transmit the phase-difference layer 109. The phase-difference layer 109 may be, but is not limited to, a λ/4 phase-difference layer (quarter-wave plate, QWP). If the polarization axis (or the slow axis) of the phase-difference layer 109 makes an angle between +40 degrees and +50 degrees (or −40 degrees and −50 degrees) with the transmission axis of thepolarization layer 105, for example, the light linearly polarized by thepolarization layer 105 may transmit the phase-difference layer 109 to be right-circularly-polarized (or left-circularly-polarized). - The light that has been right-circularly-polarized by the phase-
difference layer 109 may be reflected off thedisplay panel 150. That is, some of the external light may be absorbed through thepolarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109, and the rest of the external light may be reflected off thedisplay panel 150 to become reflected light. The reflected light may be right-circularly-polarized (or left-circularly-polarized) once again through the phase-difference layer 109. - The reflected light transmitted from the phase-
difference layer 109 may transmit to thepolarization layer 109 once again. Since the phase of the reflected light has been shifted once again in the phase-difference layer 109, only a little of the reflected light may transmit to thepolarization layer 105. That is, some of the reflected light may be absorbed through thepolarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109, and the rest of the reflected light may exit. - In other words, as the external light repeatedly transmits to the phase-
difference layer 109 and thepolarization layer 105, most of the external light can be absorbed. Accordingly, the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100 having thepolarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109 may minimize the degradation of the image quality by the reflected light from the external light. - The
first support layer 107 may be disposed between thepolarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109. Thefirst support layer 107 may protect thepolarization layer 105. - The second support layer (or a second auxiliary support layer) 103 may be disposed on the
polarization layer 105. Thesecond support layer 103 faces thefirst support layer 107 with thepolarization layer 105 therebetween. Accordingly, thesecond support layer 103 may protect thepolarization layer 105. - The
first support layer 107 and thesecond support layer 103 may be made of tri-acetate cellulose (TAC), for example, and thus may have better durability than the phase-difference layer 109, and have non-optical properties. Accordingly, thesecond support layer 103 may protect the phase-difference layer 109. Thefirst support layer 107 and thesecond support layer 103 may also be referred to as TAC films. A part of a particular layer of the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100 that faces thesecond support layer 103 may extends further than an edge of at least one other layer. - The
hard coating layer 101, thesecond support 103 and thepolarization layer 105 may be stacked on one another in order. The layers may be referred to as an upper film stack of the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100. - The
first support layer 107 and the phase-difference layer 109 may be stacked on each other in order. The layers may be referred to as a lower film stack of the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100. The lower film stack may be located under and be in contact with the upper film stack. In addition, thefirst support layer 107 of the lower film stack may be included in the upper film stack. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100 may be disposed on thedisplay panel 150. Thedisplay panel 150 may be a flexible display panel having a display area and a bezel area surrounding the display area. - The flexible display panel (or the plastic substrate) 150 includes
circuit unit 151. Thecircuit unit 151 may be connected to theflexible display panel 150 to supply electric signals. - A part of a particular layer of the anti-reflection
polarizing film 100 may be extended towards an edge. In addition, the particular layer may face thesecond supply layer 103. The particular layer may include at least the phase-difference layer 109. That is, the particular layer may be the phase-difference layer 109. Accordingly, a part of the phase-difference layer 109 of the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100 may be extended towards an edge. - An adhesive material (or an adhesive member) 153 may be attached on the part of the phase-
difference layer 109 extended towards the edge. In addition, theadhesive material 153 may be attached to thecircuit unit 151 of theflexible display panel 150. That is, theadhesive material 153 may be used to attach thecircuit unit 151 connected to theflexible display panel 150 to the part of the phase-difference layer 109. Theadhesive material 153 may securely maintain the connection between thecircuit unit 151 and theflexible display panel 150 when theflexible display panel 150 and the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100 are bent. - The
adhesive material 153 may be applied on the upper surface and on the side surface of the part of the phase-difference layer 109. Accordingly, theadhesive material 153 may be securely attached on the phase-difference layer 109. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize theadhesive material 153 from being damaged when thedisplay panel 150 and the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100 are bent. - In addition, the part of the phase-
difference layer 109 may be disposed in an area corresponding to the bezel area of theflexible display panel 150. In this case, theadhesive material 153 may be attached to an area of the phase-difference layer 109 that corresponds to the bezel area, not the area corresponding to the display area of thedisplay panel 150. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the influence of theadhesive material 153 on the polarization of the external light in the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100. - In addition, since the part of the phase-
difference layer 109 is extended towards the edge, the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100 may not require the barrier film for protecting theflexible display panel 150 between theflexible display panel 150 and the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100. As a result, it is possible to minimize any decrease in transmittance ratio of images in the OLED device including theflexible display panel 150. -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. - An anti-reflection
polarizing film 200 shown inFIG. 3 is substantially identical to the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100 shown inFIG. 1 except for the structure of the particular layer; and, therefore, the redundant description will be omitted. - In the anti-reflection
polarizing film 200 shown inFIG. 3 a part of a particular layer may be extended towards another edge opposed to an edge. In addition, the particular layer may face thesecond supply layer 103. The particular layer may be the phase-difference layer 209. That is, apart of the phase-difference layer 209 is extended towards an edge and the other part of the phase-difference layer 209 is extended towards another edge opposed to the edge. The anti-reflectionpolarizing film 200 with the parts extended from the respective edges may be applied when two or more opposing circuit units are connected to the flexible display panel. - An adhesive material (or an adhesive member) may be attached on the parts of the phase-
difference layer 209. In addition, the adhesive material may be attached to the circuit units of the flexible display panel. That is, the adhesive material may be used to attach the circuit units connected to the flexible display panel to the respective parts of the phase-difference layer 209. The adhesive material can securely maintain the connection between the circuit units and the flexible display panel when the flexible display panel and thepolarizing film 200 are bent. - The adhesive material may be applied on the upper surface and on the side surface of the parts of the phase-
difference layer 209. Accordingly, the adhesive material may be securely attached on the phase-difference layer 209. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize damage to theadhesive material 153 applied on the parts of the phase-difference layer 209 when the display panel and the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 200 are bent. -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. - An anti-reflection
polarizing film 300 shown inFIG. 4 is substantially identical to the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 300 shown inFIG. 1 except for the structure of the particular layer; and, therefore, the redundant description will be omitted. - A particular layer of the anti-reflection
polarizing film 300 shown inFIG. 4 may include a plurality of layers disposed below thesecond support layer 103. The particular layer may include at least thefirst support layer 307 and the phase-difference layer 109. That is, the particular layer may be thefirst support layer 307 and the phase-difference layer 109. - The
first support layer 307 may be disposed between thepolarization layer 105 and the phase-difference layer 109. Thefirst support layer 307 may be disposed under thepolarization layer 105 and may protect thepolarization layer 105. In addition, thefirst support layer 307 may be disposed on the phase-difference layer 109 and may protect the phase-difference layer 109. - In addition, a part of each of the
first support layer 307 and the phase-difference layer 109 of the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 300 may be extended towards an edge. Also, the end portions of thefirst support layer 307 and the phase-difference layer 109 can be aligned together. - An adhesive material (or an adhesive member) may be attached on the upper surface and side surface of the extended part of the
first support layer 307 and on the side surface of the extended part of the phase-difference layer 109. In addition, the adhesive material may be attached to circuit unit of the flexible display panel. That is, the adhesive material may be used to attach the circuit unit connected to the flexible display panel to the parts of thefirst support layer 307 and the phase-difference layer 109. The adhesive material can securely maintain the connection between the circuit unit and the flexible display panel when the flexible display panel and thepolarizing film 300 are bent. - In other words, on the upper surface of the part of the
first support layer 307 of the lower film stack, which is not covered by the upper film stack, the adhesive material is applied. Accordingly, the adhesive material is applied on the part of the lower film stack. The adhesive material may cover the entire end portion of the lower film stack and a part of the circuit unit located on the end of the flexible display panel. - The size of the area in which the adhesive material is disposed may be dependent on a size of a flexible display panel or bending degrees of the end portion. For example, the area formed in the lower film stack may correspond to the bezel area of the flexible display panel. Accordingly, as the area of the bezel area increases, the applied area of the adhesive material can be increased. The adhesive material may be applied on an area that can be increased. By doing so, the adhesive material can be attached to the anti-reflection
polarizing film 300 more securely. Further, as the bend of the flexible display panel increases, the bend of the adhesive material can be increased. In case the area in which the adhesive material is applied increases, the force exerted in the adhesive material is dispersed. As the force exerted on the adhesive material is dispersed, it is possible to minimize damage to the adhesive material. - Accordingly, the adhesive material is disposed in the area, and thus the rear surface of the display device along with the end portion of the flexible display panel may be bent.
- The adhesive material may be applied on the upper surface and on the side surface of the part of the
first support layer 307 and on the side surface of the part of the phase-difference layer 109. Accordingly, the adhesive material can be securely attached on thefirst support layer 307. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the adhesive material applied on the part of thefirst support layer 307 from being damaged when the display panel and the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 300 are bent. - In addition, the part of the
first support layer 307 and the part of the phase-difference layer 109 may be disposed in an area corresponding to the bezel area of the flexible display panel. In this case, the adhesive material may be attached to the area corresponding to the bezel area, not the area of thefirst support layer 307 that corresponds to the display area of the display panel. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the influence of the external light on the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 300 by theadhesive material 150. - In addition, since the part of the
first support layer 307 and the part of the phase-difference layer 109 is extended towards an edge, the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 300 may not require the barrier film for protecting theflexible display panel 150 between the flexible display panel and the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 300. That is, there may be no protection film in contact with the lower film stack. As a result, it is possible to minimize a decrease in transmittance ratio of images in the OLED device including theflexible display panel 150. -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. - An anti-reflection
polarizing film 400 shown inFIG. 5 is substantially identical to the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 100 shown inFIG. 1 except for the structure of the anti-reflection polarizing film and the structure of the particular layer; and, therefore, the redundant description will be omitted. - The anti-reflection
polarizing film 400 shown inFIG. 5 may include athird support layer 411. - The third support layer (or a second auxiliary support layer) 411 may be disposed under a phase-
difference layer 409. Thethird support layer 411 faces thefirst support layer 107 with the phase-difference layer 409 therebetween. Accordingly, thethird support layer 411 may protect the phase-difference layer 409. - The
third support layer 411 may be made of tri-acetate cellulose (TAC), for example, and thus may have better durability than the phase-difference layer 409, and non-optical properties. Accordingly, thethird support layer 411 may also be referred to as a TAC film. - A particular layer of the anti-reflection
polarizing film 400 shown inFIG. 5 may be thethird support layer 411. A part of thethird support layer 411 of the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 400 may be extended towards an edge. - An adhesive material (or an adhesive member) may be attached on the extended part of the
third support layer 411. In addition, the adhesive material may be attached to circuit unit of the flexible display panel. That is, the adhesive material may be used to attach the circuit unit connected to the flexible display panel to the part of thethird support layer 411. The adhesive material can securely maintain the connection between the circuit unit and the flexible display panel when the flexible display panel and thepolarizing film 400 are bent. - The adhesive material may be applied on the upper surface and on the side surface of the part of the third support layer. Accordingly, the adhesive material can be securely attached on the
third support layer 411. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the adhesive material applied on the part of thethird support layer 411 from being damaged when the display panel and the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 400 are bent. - In addition, the part of the
third support layer 411 may be disposed in an area corresponding to the bezel area of the flexible display panel. In this case, the adhesive material may be attached to the area corresponding to the bezel area, not the area of the phase-difference layer 409 that corresponds to the display area of the display panel. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the influence of the external light on the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 400 by theadhesive material 150. - In addition, since the part of the
third support layer 411 is extended towards an edge, the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 400 may not require the barrier film for protecting the flexible display panel between the flexible display panel and the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 400. As a result, it is possible to minimize a decrease in transmittance ratio of images in the OLED device including the flexible display panel. -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an anti-reflection polarizing film according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. - An anti-reflection
polarizing film 500 shown inFIG. 6 is substantially identical to the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 400 shown inFIG. 5 except for the structure of the particular layer; and, therefore, the redundant description will be omitted. - A particular layer of the anti-reflection
polarizing film 500 shown inFIG. 6 may include a plurality of layers disposed below thesecond support layer 103. The particular layer may include at least afirst support layer 307, a phase-difference layer 109 and athird support layer 411. - In addition, a part of each of the
first support layer 307, the phase-difference layer 109 and thethird support layer 411 of the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 500 may be extended towards an edge. Also, the end portions of thefirst support layer 307, the phase-difference layer 109 and thethird support layer 411 can be aligned together. - An adhesive material (or an adhesive member) may be attached on the upper surface and side surface of the extended part of the
first support layer 307, on the side surface of the extended part of the phase-difference layer 109, and on the side surface of the extended part of thethird support layer 411. In addition, the adhesive material may be attached to circuit unit of the flexible display panel. That is, the adhesive material may be used to attach the circuit unit connected to the flexible display panel to the parts of thefirst support layer 307, the phase-difference layer 109 and thethird support layer 411. The adhesive material can securely maintain the connection between the circuit unit and the flexible display panel when the flexible display panel and thepolarizing film 500 are bent. - The adhesive material may be applied on the upper surface and the side surface of the part of the
first support layer 307, on the side surface of the part of the phase-difference layer 109, and on the side surface of thethird support layer 411. Accordingly, the adhesive material can be securely attached on thefirst support layer 307. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize damage to the adhesive material applied on the part of thefirst support layer 307 when the display panel and the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 500 are bent. - In addition, the part of the
first support layer 307, the part of the phase-difference layer 109 and the part of thethird support layer 411 may be disposed in an area corresponding to the bezel area of the flexible display panel. In this case, the adhesive material may be attached to the area corresponding to the bezel area, and not the area of thefirst support layer 307 that corresponds to the display area of the display panel. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the influence of the external light on the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 500 by theadhesive material 150. - In addition, since the part of the
first support layer 307, the part of the phase-difference layer 109 and the part of thethird support layer 411 are extended towards an edge, the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 500 may not require the barrier film for protecting the flexible display panel between the flexible display panel and the anti-reflectionpolarizing film 500. As a result, it is possible to minimize a decrease in transmittance ratio of images in the OLED device including the flexible display panel. - The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can also be described as follows:
- According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an anti-reflection polarizing film includes: a polarization layer configured to linearly polarize light; a phase-difference layer configured to circularly polarize light passed through the polarization layer; a first support layer disposed between the polarization layer and the phase-difference layer, configured to protect the polarization layer; and a second support layer facing the first support layer with the polarization layer therebetween, configured to protect the polarization layer, wherein a part of a particular layer among the layers facing the second support layer extends further than an edge of at least one other layer.
- The part of the particular layer may minimize damage to an adhesive material applied on the part when the anti-reflection polarizing film is bent, and minimize influence of the adhesive material on polarization of the external light.
- The particular layer may be the phase-difference layer.
- The particular layer may include the first support layer.
- The anti-reflection polarizing film may further include: a third support layer facing the first support layer with the phase-difference layer therebetween to protect the phase-difference layer, and the particular layer may be the third support layer.
- The particular layer may include the phase-difference layer and the first support layer.
- The part of the particular layer may be extended towards another edge that is opposed to the edge.
- According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a display device including: a flexible display panel having a display area and a bezel area surrounding the display area; a circularly-polarizing film on the flexible display panel comprising a plurality of layers and configured to absorb some light reflected from a surface of the flexible display panel; circuit unit connected to the flexible display panel and configured to supply electric signals to the flexible display panel; and an adhesive member configured to attach a part of a particular layer among the plurality of layers of the circularly-polarizing film to the circuit unit, wherein the part of the particular layer extends towards an edge of the bezel area.
- The part of the particular layer may minimize damage to the adhesive member when the flexible display panel is bent, and attach the adhesive member to an area of the circularly-polarizing film that corresponds to the bezel area to minimize influence on polarization of the external light in the display area.
- The plurality of layers may include at least a polarization layer, a phase-difference layer and a support layer disposed between the polarization layer and the phase-difference layer, and the particular layer may include at least the phase-difference layer.
- The particular layer may include at least the support layer.
- The plurality of layers may include a first auxiliary support layer facing the support layer with the polarization layer therebetween to protect the polarization layer, and the particular layer may include a plurality of layers disposed below the first auxiliary support layer.
- The plurality of layers may include a second auxiliary support layer facing the support layer with the phase-difference layer therebetween to protect the phase-difference layer, and the particular layer may include at least the second auxiliary support layer.
- The circularly-polarizing film may have a structure that does not include the need for a barrier film for protecting the flexible display panel between the flexible display panel and the anti-reflection polarizing film.
- According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a structure including: an upper film stack in which a hard coating film, an upper tri-acetate cellulose film, and a polarizing film are stacked in order; and a lower film stack in which a lower tri-acetate cellulose film and a phase-difference film are stacked in order, the lower film stack located being disposed under and in contact with the upper film stack, wherein the lower tri-acetate cellulose film comprises an area not covered by the upper film stack where an adhesive material is to be applied.
- An adhesive material may be disposed in the area, such that a rear surface of the display device is bent together with an end portion of a plastic substrate thereunder.
- The adhesive material may cover an entire end portion of the lower film stack and cover a part of a circuit unit disposed at the end portion of the plastic substrate.
- The size of the area in which the adhesive material is disposed depends on a size of a display panel or bending degrees of the end portion.
- The structure may not include a barrier film in contact with the lower film stack.
- The upper film stack and the lower film stack may be adapted to be employed in an organic light-emitting display (OLED) device.
- It will be evident to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the technical idea or the gist of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limiting but are illustrative in all aspects. It should be understood that the drawings and the detailed description are not intended to limit the present disclosure to the particular forms disclosed herein, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (20)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020150169544A KR102647393B1 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | Polarized film and display device having the same |
KR10-2015-0169544 | 2015-11-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20170153371A1 true US20170153371A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
US10698146B2 US10698146B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
Family
ID=58776925
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/245,390 Active 2036-10-19 US10698146B2 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2016-08-24 | Polarized film and display device having the same |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10698146B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102647393B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106918859B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11258021B2 (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2022-02-22 | Everdisplay Optronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd | Display panel and display device having a step portion |
WO2023065421A1 (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2023-04-27 | 武汉华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | Display panel and mobile terminal |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110824604A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-21 | 昆山国显光电有限公司 | Polaroid and OLED display device |
CN112068236B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-09-13 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Polaroid structure, module structure, manufacturing method of module structure and display device |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080129189A1 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2008-06-05 | Cok Ronald S | Emissive displays having improved contrast |
US20130032830A1 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-07 | Jae-Young Lee | Organic light emitting display device and method of manufacturing the same |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6791256B2 (en) | 2002-02-15 | 2004-09-14 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Display device having an improved envelope for containing pixels therein |
KR20080098748A (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2008-11-12 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Polarizer and display device comprising the same |
KR101341908B1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2013-12-13 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Organic Electro-luminescence Display Device and Method For Fabricating Thereof |
KR101618157B1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2016-05-09 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Display device and method for manufacturing the display device |
KR20110093536A (en) | 2010-02-09 | 2011-08-18 | 웅진케미칼 주식회사 | Oled having high-definition |
US8482713B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2013-07-09 | Apple Inc. | Laser processing of display components for electronic devices |
KR102049909B1 (en) | 2013-02-12 | 2019-11-29 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Image display apparatus |
KR20150007872A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-21 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Display device having curved shape |
KR102159747B1 (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2020-09-24 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Display device |
-
2015
- 2015-11-30 KR KR1020150169544A patent/KR102647393B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2016
- 2016-08-24 US US15/245,390 patent/US10698146B2/en active Active
- 2016-09-23 CN CN201610849251.6A patent/CN106918859B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080129189A1 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2008-06-05 | Cok Ronald S | Emissive displays having improved contrast |
US20130032830A1 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-07 | Jae-Young Lee | Organic light emitting display device and method of manufacturing the same |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11258021B2 (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2022-02-22 | Everdisplay Optronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd | Display panel and display device having a step portion |
WO2023065421A1 (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2023-04-27 | 武汉华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | Display panel and mobile terminal |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10698146B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
CN106918859B (en) | 2020-06-05 |
CN106918859A (en) | 2017-07-04 |
KR20170063309A (en) | 2017-06-08 |
KR102647393B1 (en) | 2024-03-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR102142144B1 (en) | Window film combined with polarization plate and touch sensing electrode | |
US10551538B2 (en) | Flexible display device | |
US9395471B2 (en) | Display device | |
KR102174761B1 (en) | Flexible display device and method for fabricating the same | |
US10698146B2 (en) | Polarized film and display device having the same | |
CN106796465B (en) | Touch sensing electrode having polarizing plate, display device including the same, and method of manufacturing the same | |
TW201523386A (en) | Composite polarizing plate-integrated touch sensing electrode and touch screen panel including the same | |
US20150331537A1 (en) | Touch-panel display device | |
US20120105956A1 (en) | Flat Panel Display Device with Improved External Light Visibility | |
KR102047512B1 (en) | Window film combined with complex polarization plate | |
US20180157369A1 (en) | Flexible touch panel | |
JP2010078678A (en) | Display device | |
US20160306477A1 (en) | Touch panel | |
US10331254B2 (en) | Touch organic light-emitting diode display device and touch device | |
KR20160055431A (en) | Polarizing film and display device having the same | |
KR102146739B1 (en) | Touch sensing electrode combined with complex polarization plate | |
KR20070074343A (en) | Polarizing plate and liquid crystal display panel having the same | |
US20220354009A1 (en) | Cover for display panel, and display apparatus | |
US20100188341A1 (en) | Display device and touch module thereof | |
US20150338693A1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device, and method for manufacturing same | |
US20140254013A1 (en) | Optical member with double rainbow film | |
US20130170173A1 (en) | Display device and optical multi-layer structure for display device | |
US10338426B2 (en) | Light diffusion member, base material for light diffusion member production, display device using same and method for producing light diffusion member | |
KR101946859B1 (en) | Flexible display device and method of fabricating the same | |
KR102169964B1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device having electro-static discharing structure |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LG DISPLAY CO., LTD., KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIM, HEECHUL;HAN, GYUHYEONG;REEL/FRAME:039521/0487 Effective date: 20160818 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE AFTER FINAL ACTION FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 4 |