US20170086884A1 - Systems and methods for manipulating and/or installing a pedicle screw - Google Patents
Systems and methods for manipulating and/or installing a pedicle screw Download PDFInfo
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- US20170086884A1 US20170086884A1 US15/374,578 US201615374578A US2017086884A1 US 20170086884 A1 US20170086884 A1 US 20170086884A1 US 201615374578 A US201615374578 A US 201615374578A US 2017086884 A1 US2017086884 A1 US 2017086884A1
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- dilation tube
- dilation
- assembly
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7032—Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
- A61B17/0218—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors for minimally invasive surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7004—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7011—Longitudinal element being non-straight, e.g. curved, angled or branched
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7035—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
- A61B17/7037—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7074—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
- A61B17/7076—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation
- A61B17/7077—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for moving bone anchors attached to vertebrae, thereby displacing the vertebrae
- A61B17/7079—Tools requiring anchors to be already mounted on an implanted longitudinal or transverse element, e.g. where said element guides the anchor motion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7074—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
- A61B17/7076—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation
- A61B17/7077—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for moving bone anchors attached to vertebrae, thereby displacing the vertebrae
- A61B17/708—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for moving bone anchors attached to vertebrae, thereby displacing the vertebrae with tubular extensions coaxially mounted on the bone anchors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7032—Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass
- A61B17/7034—Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass characterised by a lateral opening
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8897—Guide wires or guide pins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
- A61B17/025—Joint distractors
- A61B2017/0256—Joint distractors for the spine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3417—Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
- A61B17/3421—Cannulas
- A61B2017/3433—Cannulas with different outer diameters of the cannula
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/03—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
- A61B2090/037—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety with a frangible part, e.g. by reduced diameter
Definitions
- the present invention is generally directed to installing and adjusting a spinal screw assembly and, more specifically, to systems and methods for providing an adjustable securement of a fixation rod to or across one or more vertebrae.
- the spinal column is a highly complex system of bones and connective tissues that provides support for the body and protects the delicate spinal column and nerves.
- the spinal column includes a series of vertebrae stacked one atop the other, whereby each vertebral body includes a relatively strong bone portion forming the outside surface of the body and a relatively weak bone portion from the center of the body.
- each vertebral body Situated between each vertebral body is an intervertebral disc formed from a non-bony, fibro-cartilage material that provides for cushioning and dampening of compressive forces applied to the spinal column.
- the vertebral canal containing the delicate spinal cords and nerves is located just posterior to the vertebral bodies.
- spinal column disorders include scoliosis (abnormal lateral curvature of the spine), kyphosis (abnormal forward curvature of the spine, usually in the thoracic spine), excess lordosis (abnormal backward curvature of the spine, usually in the lumbar spine), spondylolisthesis (forward displacement of the one vertebra over another, usually in a lumbar or cervical spine) and other disorders caused by abnormalities, disease or trauma, such as ruptured or slipped discs, degenerative disc disease, fractured vertebra, and the like. Patients suffering from such conditions usually experience extreme and debilitating pain as well as diminished nerve function.
- spinal conditions including a fracture of a vertebrae and a herniated disc, indicate treatment by spinal immobilization.
- spinal joint immobilization including surgical fusion and the attachment of pins and bone plates to the affected vertebras.
- the channels are oriented within the coupling member such that the central longitudinal axes of the first and second channels are offset with respect to one another. Furthermore, the first and second channels are configured within the coupling member so as to provide for communication of a securing force between the bone fixation element and the linking member such that the bone fixation element is rigidly secured with respect to the linking member.
- U.S. Publication No. 2005/0131408 discusses delivery and implantation of bone anchors into bone, in particular, one or more vertebral bodies of the spine.
- This patent discusses a bone anchor having a distal bone engaging portion and a receiving member having a recess for receiving a spinal fixation element.
- the proximal end of the receiving member may have an arcuate groove formed on an exterior surface thereof to facilitate connection of an instrument to the receiving member.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,802,844 discusses bodies which connect to vertebra to be aligned, and elongated elements that connect to the bodies, which are adjustable relative to the bodies in multiple dimensions.
- the patent further discusses locking mechanisms that allow the alignment to proceed in an orderly fashion until a desired degree of correction is achieved.
- Each elongated element has a shaped end terminating in the first portion of the lockable coupling mechanism.
- the vertebral connector bodies each include a feature for attaching the body to respective vertebrae, and the second portion of the lockable coupling mechanism.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,661 discusses a method and instrumentation for performing spinal surgery, including discectomy, interbody fusion and rigid internal fixation of the spine, from the lateral aspect of the spine.
- This patent discusses a surgical procedure consisting of the removal of spinal material across the disc, fusion, and rigid internal stabilization via the implant may all be performed via the closed space within the extended outer sleeve.
- some embodiments of the present invention provide an extended range of motion (as compared to the prior art) for allowing a surgeon additional freedom in locating the screws and easing the assembly process by reducing the requirements for rod contouring.
- Such embodiments of the present invention minimizes, and in some aspects eliminates, the failures of the prior art, and other problems, by utilizing the structural features described herein.
- the result is a significantly improved system and method for manipulating and installing a pedicle screw.
- Some of the embodiments of the present invention relate to a spinal screw assembly for providing an adjustable securement of a stabilization rod between at least two vertebrae.
- the assembly is preferably used with at least one other such assembly to secure the fixation rod.
- a spinal screw assembly adapted to be secured to a vertebrae.
- the spinal screw assembly includes a pedicle screw having a head, a threaded shaft portion, and an engagement surface in the head portion for driving the screw into the vertebrae.
- the spinal screw assembly also includes a body member for receiving the head portion of the screw.
- the body member entails a base from which the threaded shaft portion projects, a tower portion, and a pair of opposed slots therein adapted to receive a portion of a fixation rod therebetween.
- a break-away section which allows the tower portion to be removed from the base.
- the spinal screw assembly further details a securable setscrew for threading onto corresponding threads provided adjacent the pair of opposed slots.
- the setscrew is adapted to bear against a portion of the fixation rod disposed between the pair of opposed slots to secure the fixation rod within the assembly.
- the spinal screw assembly details at least a portion of the break-away section including threads corresponding to threads of the setscrew and threads of the base.
- the threads of the break-away section allows the setscrew to traverse the break-away section into the base.
- a fixation rod is provided.
- the fixation rod is adapted for securement between at least two spinal screw assemblies.
- the fixation rod includes a rod body having a predetermined length and one or more engagement portions provided on at least one end of the rod.
- the fixation rod further details engagement portions selected from a group consisting of a depression, an opening, a nib, a protrusion, a clip, a snap ring, a washer and a flared end.
- the flare portion includes at least a portion of the perimeter of the end.
- the nib, protrusion or flared end may be integral with the rod.
- the clip, snap ring and/or washer may be received by a groove machined into fixation rod.
- a compressor tool for compressing together at least two vertebrae.
- the compressor tool includes a shaft having a first end for engaging a screw assembly, and a lever having a first end and a second end.
- the first end of the lever is movably attached to the first end of the shaft and includes an engagement portion for engaging an end of a fixation rod positioned within the screw assembly when the lever is in a first position prior to compression.
- the compressor also includes a handle attached to the shaft at a second end opposite the first end.
- the compressor tool further details the lever including a first portion having a first length and being provided adjacent the first end.
- the first portion is provided at an angle relative to the remainder of the length of the lever.
- the lever is movably attached to the shaft at a point where the angle of the first portion begins relative to the remainder of the length of the lever.
- a nested dilation tube assembly for enabling implantation of a spinal screw assembly into a vertebrae.
- the dilation assembly includes a plurality of dilation tubes of increasing diameter.
- Each dilation tube includes an elongated cylindrical shaft with an outer diameter slightly larger than a preceding dilation tube.
- the plurality of dilation tubes form a nested, concentric assembly enabling an opening placed in the spinal area and/or vertebrae to be enlarged up to the outer diameter of a last dilation tube.
- the inner dilation tubes are capable of being removed from outer dilation tubes such that the inner diameter of an inner most remaining dilation tube forms a space for receiving instruments and/or assemblies for implantation into a vertebrae.
- the nested dilation tube assembly further includes a wire for forming an initial opening into the spine and/or vertebrae.
- the plurality of nested dilation tubes fit over the wire and enable an opening in the spine formed by the wire to be enlarged up to the outer diameter of a last dilation tube.
- a spinal screw assembly system in an embodiment of the present invention, includes a nested dilation tube assembly for enabling implantation of a spinal screw assembly into a vertebrae.
- the dilation assembly includes a plurality of dilation tubes of increasing diameter, each comprising an elongated cylindrical shaft. Each dilation tube includes an outer diameter slightly larger than a preceding dilation tube. After insertion into a body, the plurality of dilation tubes form a nested, concentric assembly enabling an opening placed in the spinal area and/or vertebrae to be enlarged up to the outer diameter of a last dilation tube.
- Inner dilation tubes are capable of being removed from outer dilation tubes such that the inner diameter of an inner most remaining dilation tube forms a space for receiving a spinal screw assembly for implantation into a vertebrae.
- the system also includes spinal screw assembly is adapted to be secured to a vertebrae, which includes a pedicle screw having a head, a threaded shaft portion, and an engagement surface in the head portion for driving the screw into the vertebrae.
- the spinal screw assembly further includes a body member for receiving the head portion of the screw.
- the body member includes a base from which the threaded shaft portion projects, a tower portion, a pair of opposed slots therein adapted to receive a portion of a fixation rod therebetween.
- a break-away section provided between the base and the tower portion allowing the tower portion to be removed from the base subsequent to installation.
- a compressor tool for compressing together at least two vertebrae is also provided within the system.
- the compressor tool includes a shaft having a first end for engaging the screw assembly, and a lever having a first end and a second end. The first end being movably attached to the first end of the shaft and including an engagement portion for engaging an end of a fixation rod positioned within the screw assembly when the lever is in a first position prior to compression.
- FIG. 1A is a pedicle screw for the use in a spinal screw assembly according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B illustrates a perspective view of a spinal screw assembly and its components according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1C illustrates a fragmented perspective view of the spinal screw assembly and its components according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1D-F are fragmented perspective views of the spinal screw assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a plurality of polyaxial screw assemblies according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a rod traversing therethrough.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a plurality of polyaxial screw assemblies according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a rod having traversed therethrough.
- FIGS. 4A-C illustrate extruded features at ends of the fixation rod in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIGS. 5A-E illustrate the features and assembly according to a dilation instrument according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A-C illustrate the features and assembly according to a compression instrument according to some embodiments of the present invention
- the spinal screw assembly 100 of the present invention comprises a pedicle screw 102 , a body member 104 , a bushing 114 and a setscrew 302 for providing an adjustable securement of a stabilization rod 202 between at least two vertebrae (not shown).
- the spinal screw assembly 100 is used with at least one other such assembly to secure the fixation rod 202 .
- the present invention allows a pedicle screw 102 to be implanted in a minimally invasive or percutaneous method.
- FIGS. 1A-F illustrate perspective views of a spinal screw assembly 100 and its components according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A details the pedicle screw 102 which is employed in the assembly 100 .
- the pedicle screw 102 is a canulated screw (polyaxial or otherwise) design for the purpose of fusing the thoracolumbar spine.
- the screw 102 is typically intended to canulate the pedicle, be supplemented by a rod 202 construct, and held in place with a setscrew 302 , also referred to as top loaded setscrew, as described below.
- Pedicle screw 102 is a polyaxial pedicle screw, which typically includes a spherical head portion 105 , a threaded shaft portion 103 and an engagement surface 107 in the head portion 105 for use in driving the screw 102 into vertebrae (not shown).
- FIG. 1B details the interaction between the screw 102 and body member 104 of the spine screw assembly 100 .
- the body member 104 includes a high top or tower portion 106 , base body 108 , break zone 110 , threads 116 , bushing 114 , a pair of opposed parallel slots 130 and additional features 119 for attachment of supplemental devices, as described below.
- the tower 106 may enable a fully seated (i.e., implanted) screw 102 to be manipulated or aligned, in multiple directions. In particular, the tower 106 allows such functionality from outside the wound (not shown).
- the tower 106 is constructed preferably of a breakable web of material, which allows the tower 106 to be easily removed (e.g., the web of materials are broken) from the body member 104 at the break zone 110 .
- the break zone 110 is included at the transition of the tower 106 and the base body 108 .
- the top tower 106 acts as a break-away section in that, once the screw 102 has been fully assembled, in which the spine screw assembly is locked via the setscrew 302 , the top portion 106 is removed or broken off.
- the assembly 100 sit flush with the wound, where no protruding components remain outside of the wound. Alternatively, the components could remain below the wound as well, which is understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the tower 106 may be threaded 116 , in which the thread 116 is clocked in time to the threaded shaft 103 of the screw 102 .
- Using a continuous thread allows for the setscrew 302 to reduce a rod 202 from tower 106 to the base body 108 for stabilization of a fixation rod 202 .
- the tower 106 further includes an open top 118 to aid in visualization and allow uninterrupted access down the body member 104 .
- FIG. 1C illustrates a fragmented perspective view of the spinal screw assembly and its components according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This fragmented view shows that the threaded transition 116 exists between the transition of the tower 106 and the base 108 through the break zone 110 .
- the threaded transition 116 that exists between the tower 106 , base 108 and break zone 110 correspond to threads 304 of the setscrew 302 .
- the threads 116 of the break-away section 110 allow the setscrew 302 to traverse the break-away section 110 into the base 106 .
- the tower 106 includes additional features 119 (e.g., threads) at the top of the tower 106 to attach screwdrivers 504 , alignment jigs, and other supplemental devices to engage the spine screw assembly into vertebrae.
- additional features 119 e.g., threads
- FIGS. 1D-F illustrate the components of the base body 108 of the body member 104 where the stabilization of the fixation rod 202 and screw 102 occurs.
- the outer or upper interior surface of side walls 122 of the base body 108 both have radially projecting serrations formed therein defining the plurality of axially aligned threads 116 .
- the base body 108 shows the pair of opposed parallel slots 130 axially disposed in the side wall 122 thereof, which terminate at their lower ends in curvilinear surfaces 126 .
- the parallel slots 130 are sized to receive the fixation rod 202 therein, as shown below, with the walls 124 defining the slots 130 .
- the slots 130 extending upwardly beyond the break zone 110 up to the distal end of the tower portion 106 may be inclined slightly to provide a slight holding force on the rod 202 prior to securing the rod 202 with the setscrew 302 .
- the pair of opposed parallel slots 130 are adapted to receive a portion of the fixation rod 202 as a setscrew 302 bears against the fixation rod 202 to releasably secure the rod 202 within the assembly 100 , as described below.
- a surgeon may exert a slight downward force on the rod 202 , snapping the rod 202 into the transverse channel defined by the aligned slots 130 .
- the head portion 106 of the screw 102 is typically positioned in a body member 104 adjacent a curvilinear surface 126 disposed about an aperture 109 in the end of the base body 106 , such that the threaded shaft portion 103 of the screw 102 extends therethrough and the curvilinear inner surface 126 abuts and mates with the head portion 105 of the screw 102 so as to define a ball joint therewith.
- the rounded head surface of the head portion 105 rests upon and mates with a rounded interior surface formed in the inner or lower end of the base body so as to form a modified ball joint that provides the desired variable angular movement of the body member with respect to an embedded pedicle screw 102 .
- the threaded shaft portion 103 of screw 102 extends therefrom through the opening 112 in the lower end of base body 108 , as pictured in FIG. 1F .
- a bushing 114 is preferably employed within the base body 108 adjacent to the side walls 122 to better distribute the longitudinal forces exerted on the pedicle screw 102 ; thereby the bushing 114 provides a seat for the fixation rod 202 .
- the bushing 114 further provides flexibility therein and may provide tapered end surfaces adapted to abut opposed sides of the head portion 105 .
- the bushing 114 is positioned within the base body 108 of the body member 104 and outwardly adjacent to the head portion 105 of said screw 102 .
- the bushing 114 further abuts the head portion 105 of the screw 102 upon the setscrew 302 pressing against a portion of the fixation rod 202 whereby the force exerted on the head portion 105 is distributed about the head portion 105 .
- the bushing 114 can be configured to provide a press fitment about the head portion 105 so that the pedicle screw 102 , body member 104 and bushing 114 will not move freely prior to the insertion and securement of the fixation rod 202 .
- the bushing 114 may not be employed.
- the opposed axial slots 130 in the side wall 122 of the body member 104 of the assembly 100 define a seat for the fixation rod 202 .
- the planar bottom surface abuts the fixation rod 202 and, in this instance, presses the rod 202 against the upper end of the head portion 105 of the pedicle screw.
- the body member 104 and pedicle screw 102 would be sized such that the upper part of the head portion 105 of the screw 102 would project above the bottom of the seat defined by the axially opposed slots 130 so as to enable the rod 202 to press against the screw 102 and create a rigid, yet adjustable, securement between the body member 104 and the pedicle screw 202 .
- FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a plurality of polyaxial screw assemblies 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a rod 202 traversing therethrough.
- the fixation rod 202 enters the body member 104 through each pair of slots 130 .
- the fixation rod 202 traverses down the body member 104 until it becomes fully seated within the parallel slots 130 of each body member 104 , as pictured below in relation to FIG. 3 .
- the fixation rod 202 may traverse each body member 104 though force applied by a surgeon, through force applied by a setscrew 302 pushing the rod 202 down the body member or other means, which would be recognized by one with skill in the art.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a plurality of polyaxial screw assemblies 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a rod 202 having traversed therethrough.
- setscrews or setscrews 302 are utilized to lock the fully seated rod 202 in place within the body member 104 .
- the setscrew 302 includes threads 304 to engage the threaded portion 116 of the body member 104 . Accordingly, the threaded portion 116 of the body member may be just a portion of the body member 104 or the entire body member 104 .
- the interlocked threads 304 of the setscrew 302 may allow the surgeon to tighten the clamping force on the fixation rod 202 by simply pressing downwardly on the setscrew 302 .
- the threads 304 will hold the component parts in place.
- the setscrew 302 is simply rotated 90 degrees about its longitudinal axis, whereupon the threads 304 of the cap 302 are aligned with the open slots 130 in the body member 104 , allowing the cap 302 to be simply pulled upwardly away from the fixation rod 202 .
- An engagement slot is provided in the top portion of cap 302 to facilitate the rotation of the setscrew with a suitably sized mating tool (not shown), which is well known in the art.
- FIGS. 4A-C illustrate extruded features at ends of the fixation rod in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
- the fixation rod 202 may embody extruded features at the ends of the rod 202 . These features are configured to receive a corresponding engagement portion of a compression tool 600 for moving the fixation rod 202 relative to a spinal screw assembly 100 when the spinal screw assembly 100 is affixed to the vertebrae, as discussed below in relation to FIGS. 6A-6C .
- the fixation rod 202 includes pegs, short spikes, nibs, washers, or flared portions 402 protruding on the distal ends.
- the flared portions 402 may include at least a portion of the perimeter of the end of the fixation rod 202 .
- the fixation rod 202 includes snap ring clips 404 sitting in grooves, depressions or openings (not shown) machined into the distal ends at a proximal portion of the rod 202 .
- FIG. 4C depicts the features of FIG. 1 , the pegs or short spikes 402 being machined into the fixation rod 202 as one piece.
- the above identified machined and extruded features appended to the fixation rod 202 provide the benefits for use by a surgeon.
- the rod 202 is fully contained within the body member 104 by the setscrew 302 .
- the rod 202 also need not be tilted or the body member 104 , including the towers 106 , stretched to allow the rod 202 to be placed into a fully seated position. Furthermore, these above identified features of 402 and 404 allow other instruments to interact with the spine screw assembly 100 , as discussed below in relation to FIGS. 6A-6B , as well as other embodiments which would be recognized by one skilled in the art.
- FIGS. 5A-E illustrate the features and assembly according to a nested dilation tube assembly 500 .
- FIG. 5A illustrates the components utilized in the nested dilation tube assembly 500 in accordance with the spine screw assembly 100 .
- the screw driver 504 (or any other type of mating tool) engages the body member 104 atop the tower portion 106 via the additional features 119 (e.g., threads).
- the screw 102 and body member 104 enter a dilator 502 (or tube) and thereby engage the vertebrae in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A illustrates the components utilized in the nested dilation tube assembly 500 in accordance with the spine screw assembly 100 .
- the screw driver 504 or any other type of mating tool
- the screw 102 and body member 104 enter a dilator 502 (or tube) and thereby engage the vertebrae in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention.
- the dilation assembly 500 allows the surgeon to use a small wire 501 and progressively dilate the vertebrae (not shown) with a plurality of dilation tubs 502 a - 502 d , each of the dilation tubs having an increasingly greater diameter than the other from the inner to the outer dilation tube.
- a small diameter dilator 502 a referenced also as the inner dilation tube
- larger diameter dilators 502 b also referenced as the medial dilation tube
- 502 c also referenced as the outer dilation tube
- the inner dilation tubes 502 a and 502 b can be removed.
- the dilation tubes 502 after being inserted into a body form a nested, concentric assembly 500 enabling an opening placed in the spinal area and/or vertebrae to be enlarged up to the outer diameter of a last dilation tube 502 c .
- the smaller diameter tubes 502 may be removed after each increase in diameter, or all together at the end, after the largest diameter tube is employed.
- Interior dilation tubes 502 a and 502 b entail a lip area as flared protrusions 503 a and 503 b from the distal end of each tube.
- the protrusions 503 a and 503 b allow for removal of each tube accordingly.
- the protrusions 503 a and 503 b also prevent the tubes 502 a and 502 b from entering the assembly 500 beyond a predetermined point. It would also be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of number of dilation tubes 502 could be utilized with assembly 500 .
- 5D depicts the components of the tube 502 , body member and screw 102 as discussed above.
- FIG. 5E upon employment of the largest diameter tube 502 , the screw assembly 100 is implanted through the tube 502 via the use of the screw driver 504 .
- FIGS. 6A-C illustrate the features and assembly according to a compression embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A illustrates the compressor 600 including a handle 602 , body shaft 604 and lever 606 .
- the lever 606 includes a first end being movably attached to the first end of the shaft 604 and including an engagement portion (not shown) for engaging an end of a fixation rod 202 positioned within the screw assembly when the lever is in a first position prior to compression, and a second end utilized for compression 600 .
- Lever 606 further includes a portion having a first length and being provided adjacent the first end. The first portion is provided at an angle relative to the remainder of the length of the lever 606 .
- the lever 606 is movably attached to the shaft 604 at a point where the angle of the first portion begins relative to the remainder of the length of the lever 606 .
- the shaft 604 connects the handle 602 and the lever 606 and embodies a cylindrical shape adapted to slide over and down the spinal screw assembly 100 .
- the shaft 604 may entail a substantially tubular shape that allows the shaft 604 to receive at least a portion of a screw assembly 100 therein.
- FIG. 6B illustrates the compressor 600 including the handle 602 located in conjunction with the distal end of the body member 104 atop the tower portion 106 and the lever 606 positioned in conjunction with the fixation rod 202 which is fully seated in the screw assembly 100 .
- the compressor 600 is positioned adjacent to the body member 104 and above the fixation rod 202 , therein the compressor 600 grabs hold of a protrusion of the fixation rod 202 , as discussed above in relation to FIGS. 4A-4C and elements 402 and 404 .
- a load is applied to the fixation rod 202 by manipulating the level 606 of the compressor 600 and thereby applying a load to the fixation rod 202 .
- the surgeon can grip onto the handle 602 .
- the fixation rod 202 is displaced within the assembly 100 a distance up to a 5 mm range upon increasing the applied load by a lever depression 608 , whereby the distance between a screw assemblies is decreased.
- the setscrew 302 is finally tightened upon the fixation rod 202 whereby the displacement and compression are preserved.
Abstract
A nested dilation tube assembly for enabling implantation of a spinal screw assembly into a vertebrae is provided. The dilation tube assembly includes a plurality of dilation tubes. Each dilation tube includes an elongated cylindrical shaft with an outer diameter slightly larger than a preceding dilation tube. After being inserting into a body, the plurality of dilation tubes form a nested, concentric assembly enabling an opening placed in the spinal area and/or vertebrae to be enlarged up to the outer diameter of a last dilation tube. The inner dilation tubes are capable of being removed from outer dilation tubes such that the inner diameter of an inner most remaining dilation tube forms a space for receiving instruments and/or assemblies.
Description
- The present application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/453,058 filed on Aug. 6, 2014 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/820,312 filed on Jun. 18, 2007, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,527, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/814,406, filed on Jun. 16, 2006, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention is generally directed to installing and adjusting a spinal screw assembly and, more specifically, to systems and methods for providing an adjustable securement of a fixation rod to or across one or more vertebrae.
- The spinal column is a highly complex system of bones and connective tissues that provides support for the body and protects the delicate spinal column and nerves. The spinal column includes a series of vertebrae stacked one atop the other, whereby each vertebral body includes a relatively strong bone portion forming the outside surface of the body and a relatively weak bone portion from the center of the body. Situated between each vertebral body is an intervertebral disc formed from a non-bony, fibro-cartilage material that provides for cushioning and dampening of compressive forces applied to the spinal column. The vertebral canal containing the delicate spinal cords and nerves is located just posterior to the vertebral bodies.
- Various types of spinal column disorders are known and include scoliosis (abnormal lateral curvature of the spine), kyphosis (abnormal forward curvature of the spine, usually in the thoracic spine), excess lordosis (abnormal backward curvature of the spine, usually in the lumbar spine), spondylolisthesis (forward displacement of the one vertebra over another, usually in a lumbar or cervical spine) and other disorders caused by abnormalities, disease or trauma, such as ruptured or slipped discs, degenerative disc disease, fractured vertebra, and the like. Patients suffering from such conditions usually experience extreme and debilitating pain as well as diminished nerve function.
- Certain spinal conditions as mentioned above, including a fracture of a vertebrae and a herniated disc, indicate treatment by spinal immobilization. Several methods of spinal joint immobilization are known, including surgical fusion and the attachment of pins and bone plates to the affected vertebras.
- In an attempt to effectively treat the above-described conditions and, in most cases to relieve pain suffered by the patient, there have been numerous spinal fixation techniques developed to remedy such issues. Nonetheless, as will be set forth in more detail below, there are some disadvantages associated with current fixation techniques and devices. U.S. Pat. No. 6,030,388 (granted Feb. 29, 2000 to Yoshimi, et al.) discusses prosthetic devices used in bone fixation systems, such as those used to treat degenerative and trauma related spinal deformities. This patent discusses a bone fixation element, a linking member and a coupling member having a first channel for receiving a portion of the bone fixation element and a second channel for receiving a portion of the linking member. The channels are oriented within the coupling member such that the central longitudinal axes of the first and second channels are offset with respect to one another. Furthermore, the first and second channels are configured within the coupling member so as to provide for communication of a securing force between the bone fixation element and the linking member such that the bone fixation element is rigidly secured with respect to the linking member.
- U.S. Publication No. 2005/0131408 (granted on Jun. 16, 2005 to Sicvol, Christopher W., et al.) discusses delivery and implantation of bone anchors into bone, in particular, one or more vertebral bodies of the spine. This patent discusses a bone anchor having a distal bone engaging portion and a receiving member having a recess for receiving a spinal fixation element. The proximal end of the receiving member may have an arcuate groove formed on an exterior surface thereof to facilitate connection of an instrument to the receiving member.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,802,844 (granted on Oct. 12, 2004 to Ferree) discusses bodies which connect to vertebra to be aligned, and elongated elements that connect to the bodies, which are adjustable relative to the bodies in multiple dimensions. The patent further discusses locking mechanisms that allow the alignment to proceed in an orderly fashion until a desired degree of correction is achieved. Each elongated element has a shaped end terminating in the first portion of the lockable coupling mechanism. The vertebral connector bodies each include a feature for attaching the body to respective vertebrae, and the second portion of the lockable coupling mechanism.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,661 (granted on Jun. 30, 1998 to Michelson) discusses a method and instrumentation for performing spinal surgery, including discectomy, interbody fusion and rigid internal fixation of the spine, from the lateral aspect of the spine. This patent discusses a surgical procedure consisting of the removal of spinal material across the disc, fusion, and rigid internal stabilization via the implant may all be performed via the closed space within the extended outer sleeve.
- Thus, it is desirable to provide improved systems for internal fixation of adjacent vertebral bodes of the spine. Accordingly, some embodiments of the present invention provide an extended range of motion (as compared to the prior art) for allowing a surgeon additional freedom in locating the screws and easing the assembly process by reducing the requirements for rod contouring. Such embodiments of the present invention minimizes, and in some aspects eliminates, the failures of the prior art, and other problems, by utilizing the structural features described herein. Thus, the result is a significantly improved system and method for manipulating and installing a pedicle screw.
- The features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention without undue experimentation. The features and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the drawings, subsequent detailed description and appended claims.
- The foregoing and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description, which illustrates exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Some of the embodiments of the present invention relate to a spinal screw assembly for providing an adjustable securement of a stabilization rod between at least two vertebrae. The assembly is preferably used with at least one other such assembly to secure the fixation rod.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a spinal screw assembly adapted to be secured to a vertebrae is provided. The spinal screw assembly includes a pedicle screw having a head, a threaded shaft portion, and an engagement surface in the head portion for driving the screw into the vertebrae. The spinal screw assembly also includes a body member for receiving the head portion of the screw. The body member entails a base from which the threaded shaft portion projects, a tower portion, and a pair of opposed slots therein adapted to receive a portion of a fixation rod therebetween. Provided between the base and the tower portion is a break-away section which allows the tower portion to be removed from the base.
- In an embodiment, the spinal screw assembly further details a securable setscrew for threading onto corresponding threads provided adjacent the pair of opposed slots. The setscrew is adapted to bear against a portion of the fixation rod disposed between the pair of opposed slots to secure the fixation rod within the assembly.
- In an embodiment, the spinal screw assembly details at least a portion of the break-away section including threads corresponding to threads of the setscrew and threads of the base. The threads of the break-away section allows the setscrew to traverse the break-away section into the base.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a fixation rod is provided. The fixation rod is adapted for securement between at least two spinal screw assemblies. The fixation rod includes a rod body having a predetermined length and one or more engagement portions provided on at least one end of the rod.
- In an embodiment, the fixation rod further details engagement portions selected from a group consisting of a depression, an opening, a nib, a protrusion, a clip, a snap ring, a washer and a flared end. The flare portion includes at least a portion of the perimeter of the end. Also, the nib, protrusion or flared end may be integral with the rod. The clip, snap ring and/or washer may be received by a groove machined into fixation rod.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a compressor tool for compressing together at least two vertebrae is provided. The compressor tool includes a shaft having a first end for engaging a screw assembly, and a lever having a first end and a second end. The first end of the lever is movably attached to the first end of the shaft and includes an engagement portion for engaging an end of a fixation rod positioned within the screw assembly when the lever is in a first position prior to compression. The compressor also includes a handle attached to the shaft at a second end opposite the first end.
- In an embodiment, the compressor tool further details the lever including a first portion having a first length and being provided adjacent the first end. The first portion is provided at an angle relative to the remainder of the length of the lever. The lever is movably attached to the shaft at a point where the angle of the first portion begins relative to the remainder of the length of the lever.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a nested dilation tube assembly for enabling implantation of a spinal screw assembly into a vertebrae is provided. The dilation assembly includes a plurality of dilation tubes of increasing diameter. Each dilation tube includes an elongated cylindrical shaft with an outer diameter slightly larger than a preceding dilation tube. After being inserting into a body, the plurality of dilation tubes form a nested, concentric assembly enabling an opening placed in the spinal area and/or vertebrae to be enlarged up to the outer diameter of a last dilation tube. The inner dilation tubes are capable of being removed from outer dilation tubes such that the inner diameter of an inner most remaining dilation tube forms a space for receiving instruments and/or assemblies for implantation into a vertebrae.
- In an embodiment, the nested dilation tube assembly further includes a wire for forming an initial opening into the spine and/or vertebrae. The plurality of nested dilation tubes fit over the wire and enable an opening in the spine formed by the wire to be enlarged up to the outer diameter of a last dilation tube.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a spinal screw assembly system is provided. The spinal screw assembly system includes a nested dilation tube assembly for enabling implantation of a spinal screw assembly into a vertebrae. The dilation assembly includes a plurality of dilation tubes of increasing diameter, each comprising an elongated cylindrical shaft. Each dilation tube includes an outer diameter slightly larger than a preceding dilation tube. After insertion into a body, the plurality of dilation tubes form a nested, concentric assembly enabling an opening placed in the spinal area and/or vertebrae to be enlarged up to the outer diameter of a last dilation tube. Inner dilation tubes are capable of being removed from outer dilation tubes such that the inner diameter of an inner most remaining dilation tube forms a space for receiving a spinal screw assembly for implantation into a vertebrae. The system also includes spinal screw assembly is adapted to be secured to a vertebrae, which includes a pedicle screw having a head, a threaded shaft portion, and an engagement surface in the head portion for driving the screw into the vertebrae. The spinal screw assembly further includes a body member for receiving the head portion of the screw. The body member includes a base from which the threaded shaft portion projects, a tower portion, a pair of opposed slots therein adapted to receive a portion of a fixation rod therebetween. A break-away section provided between the base and the tower portion allowing the tower portion to be removed from the base subsequent to installation. A compressor tool for compressing together at least two vertebrae is also provided within the system. The compressor tool includes a shaft having a first end for engaging the screw assembly, and a lever having a first end and a second end. The first end being movably attached to the first end of the shaft and including an engagement portion for engaging an end of a fixation rod positioned within the screw assembly when the lever is in a first position prior to compression.
- Other objectives and advantages of the present invention will become obvious to the reader and it is intended that these objectives and advantages are within the scope of the present invention.
- To accomplish the above and related objectives, this invention may be embodied in the form illustrated in the accompanying drawings, attention being called to the fact, however, that the drawings are illustrative only, and that changes may be made in the specific construction illustrated.
- For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
-
FIG. 1A is a pedicle screw for the use in a spinal screw assembly according to some embodiments of the present invention. -
FIG. 1B illustrates a perspective view of a spinal screw assembly and its components according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1C illustrates a fragmented perspective view of the spinal screw assembly and its components according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIGS. 1D-F are fragmented perspective views of the spinal screw assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a plurality of polyaxial screw assemblies according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a rod traversing therethrough. -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a plurality of polyaxial screw assemblies according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a rod having traversed therethrough. -
FIGS. 4A-C illustrate extruded features at ends of the fixation rod in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. -
FIGS. 5A-E illustrate the features and assembly according to a dilation instrument according to some embodiments of the present invention. -
FIGS. 6A-C illustrate the features and assembly according to a compression instrument according to some embodiments of the present invention - It is noted that in this disclosure and particularly in the claims and/or paragraphs, terms such as “comprises,” “comprised,” “comprising,” and the like can have the meaning attributed to it in U.S. patent law; that is, they can mean “includes,” “included,” “including,” and the like, and allow for elements not explicitly recited. These and other embodiments are disclosed or are apparent from and encompassed by, the following description.
- In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways where particular configurations, process steps, and materials disclosed herein as such configurations, process steps, and materials may vary somewhat. In addition, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of the description and should not be regarded as limiting. Furthermore, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential characteristics thereof.
- For purposes of the description of the drawings and the embodiments of the present invention, as mentioned for each drawing, each figure may not drawn to scale. Some areas drawn may be bigger and/or simpler in order to clearly portray the improvement to what has already been established. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications of the inventive features illustrated herein, and any additional applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated herein, which would normally occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the invention claimed. It is also to be understood that the terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
- Referring now in detail to the drawings, the
spinal screw assembly 100 of the present invention comprises apedicle screw 102, abody member 104, abushing 114 and asetscrew 302 for providing an adjustable securement of astabilization rod 202 between at least two vertebrae (not shown). Thespinal screw assembly 100 is used with at least one other such assembly to secure thefixation rod 202. The present invention allows apedicle screw 102 to be implanted in a minimally invasive or percutaneous method. -
FIGS. 1A-F illustrate perspective views of aspinal screw assembly 100 and its components according to an embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 1A details thepedicle screw 102 which is employed in theassembly 100. Thepedicle screw 102 is a canulated screw (polyaxial or otherwise) design for the purpose of fusing the thoracolumbar spine. Thescrew 102 is typically intended to canulate the pedicle, be supplemented by arod 202 construct, and held in place with asetscrew 302, also referred to as top loaded setscrew, as described below.Pedicle screw 102 is a polyaxial pedicle screw, which typically includes aspherical head portion 105, a threadedshaft portion 103 and anengagement surface 107 in thehead portion 105 for use in driving thescrew 102 into vertebrae (not shown). -
FIG. 1B details the interaction between thescrew 102 andbody member 104 of thespine screw assembly 100. Thebody member 104 includes a high top ortower portion 106,base body 108, breakzone 110,threads 116,bushing 114, a pair of opposedparallel slots 130 andadditional features 119 for attachment of supplemental devices, as described below. Thetower 106 may enable a fully seated (i.e., implanted)screw 102 to be manipulated or aligned, in multiple directions. In particular, thetower 106 allows such functionality from outside the wound (not shown). Thetower 106 is constructed preferably of a breakable web of material, which allows thetower 106 to be easily removed (e.g., the web of materials are broken) from thebody member 104 at thebreak zone 110. Thebreak zone 110 is included at the transition of thetower 106 and thebase body 108. Thetop tower 106 acts as a break-away section in that, once thescrew 102 has been fully assembled, in which the spine screw assembly is locked via thesetscrew 302, thetop portion 106 is removed or broken off. In a preferred embodiment, after thetower 106 has been removed, or broken off, theassembly 100 sit flush with the wound, where no protruding components remain outside of the wound. Alternatively, the components could remain below the wound as well, which is understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. - The
tower 106 may be threaded 116, in which thethread 116 is clocked in time to the threadedshaft 103 of thescrew 102. Using a continuous thread allows for thesetscrew 302 to reduce arod 202 fromtower 106 to thebase body 108 for stabilization of afixation rod 202. Thetower 106 further includes an open top 118 to aid in visualization and allow uninterrupted access down thebody member 104. -
FIG. 1C illustrates a fragmented perspective view of the spinal screw assembly and its components according to an embodiment of the present invention. This fragmented view shows that the threadedtransition 116 exists between the transition of thetower 106 and the base 108 through thebreak zone 110. The threadedtransition 116 that exists between thetower 106,base 108 and breakzone 110 correspond tothreads 304 of thesetscrew 302. Thethreads 116 of the break-awaysection 110 allow thesetscrew 302 to traverse the break-awaysection 110 into thebase 106. - Additionally, as discussed below in relation to
FIGS. 5A-E , thetower 106 includes additional features 119 (e.g., threads) at the top of thetower 106 to attachscrewdrivers 504, alignment jigs, and other supplemental devices to engage the spine screw assembly into vertebrae. -
FIGS. 1D-F illustrate the components of thebase body 108 of thebody member 104 where the stabilization of thefixation rod 202 and screw 102 occurs. The outer or upper interior surface ofside walls 122 of thebase body 108 both have radially projecting serrations formed therein defining the plurality of axially alignedthreads 116. Thebase body 108 shows the pair of opposedparallel slots 130 axially disposed in theside wall 122 thereof, which terminate at their lower ends incurvilinear surfaces 126. Theparallel slots 130 are sized to receive thefixation rod 202 therein, as shown below, with thewalls 124 defining theslots 130. Theslots 130 extending upwardly beyond thebreak zone 110 up to the distal end of thetower portion 106 may be inclined slightly to provide a slight holding force on therod 202 prior to securing therod 202 with thesetscrew 302. The pair of opposedparallel slots 130 are adapted to receive a portion of thefixation rod 202 as asetscrew 302 bears against thefixation rod 202 to releasably secure therod 202 within theassembly 100, as described below. Alternatively, a surgeon may exert a slight downward force on therod 202, snapping therod 202 into the transverse channel defined by the alignedslots 130. - The
head portion 106 of thescrew 102 is typically positioned in abody member 104 adjacent acurvilinear surface 126 disposed about an aperture 109 in the end of thebase body 106, such that the threadedshaft portion 103 of thescrew 102 extends therethrough and the curvilinearinner surface 126 abuts and mates with thehead portion 105 of thescrew 102 so as to define a ball joint therewith. The rounded head surface of thehead portion 105 rests upon and mates with a rounded interior surface formed in the inner or lower end of the base body so as to form a modified ball joint that provides the desired variable angular movement of the body member with respect to an embeddedpedicle screw 102. The threadedshaft portion 103 ofscrew 102 extends therefrom through theopening 112 in the lower end ofbase body 108, as pictured inFIG. 1F . - A
bushing 114 is preferably employed within thebase body 108 adjacent to theside walls 122 to better distribute the longitudinal forces exerted on thepedicle screw 102; thereby thebushing 114 provides a seat for thefixation rod 202. Thebushing 114 further provides flexibility therein and may provide tapered end surfaces adapted to abut opposed sides of thehead portion 105. Thebushing 114 is positioned within thebase body 108 of thebody member 104 and outwardly adjacent to thehead portion 105 of saidscrew 102. Thebushing 114 further abuts thehead portion 105 of thescrew 102 upon thesetscrew 302 pressing against a portion of thefixation rod 202 whereby the force exerted on thehead portion 105 is distributed about thehead portion 105. - To provide a basic stability to the system during initial assembly, the
bushing 114 can be configured to provide a press fitment about thehead portion 105 so that thepedicle screw 102,body member 104 andbushing 114 will not move freely prior to the insertion and securement of thefixation rod 202. - In another embodiment of the invention, the
bushing 114 may not be employed. The opposedaxial slots 130 in theside wall 122 of thebody member 104 of theassembly 100 define a seat for thefixation rod 202. When thesetscrew 302 is pressed into thebody member 104 with thefixation rod 202 extending there across, the planar bottom surface abuts thefixation rod 202 and, in this instance, presses therod 202 against the upper end of thehead portion 105 of the pedicle screw. For such applications, thebody member 104 andpedicle screw 102 would be sized such that the upper part of thehead portion 105 of thescrew 102 would project above the bottom of the seat defined by the axially opposedslots 130 so as to enable therod 202 to press against thescrew 102 and create a rigid, yet adjustable, securement between thebody member 104 and thepedicle screw 202. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a plurality ofpolyaxial screw assemblies 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, with arod 202 traversing therethrough. Thefixation rod 202 enters thebody member 104 through each pair ofslots 130. Thefixation rod 202 traverses down thebody member 104 until it becomes fully seated within theparallel slots 130 of eachbody member 104, as pictured below in relation toFIG. 3 . Thefixation rod 202 may traverse eachbody member 104 though force applied by a surgeon, through force applied by asetscrew 302 pushing therod 202 down the body member or other means, which would be recognized by one with skill in the art. -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a plurality ofpolyaxial screw assemblies 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, with arod 202 having traversed therethrough. After affixation of therod 202 within thescrew assemblies 100, setscrews orsetscrews 302 are utilized to lock the fully seatedrod 202 in place within thebody member 104. Thesetscrew 302 includesthreads 304 to engage the threadedportion 116 of thebody member 104. Accordingly, the threadedportion 116 of the body member may be just a portion of thebody member 104 or theentire body member 104. The interlockedthreads 304 of thesetscrew 302 may allow the surgeon to tighten the clamping force on thefixation rod 202 by simply pressing downwardly on thesetscrew 302. Thethreads 304 will hold the component parts in place. To adjust or remove therod 202, thesetscrew 302 is simply rotated 90 degrees about its longitudinal axis, whereupon thethreads 304 of thecap 302 are aligned with theopen slots 130 in thebody member 104, allowing thecap 302 to be simply pulled upwardly away from thefixation rod 202. An engagement slot is provided in the top portion ofcap 302 to facilitate the rotation of the setscrew with a suitably sized mating tool (not shown), which is well known in the art. -
FIGS. 4A-C illustrate extruded features at ends of the fixation rod in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Thefixation rod 202 may embody extruded features at the ends of therod 202. These features are configured to receive a corresponding engagement portion of acompression tool 600 for moving thefixation rod 202 relative to aspinal screw assembly 100 when thespinal screw assembly 100 is affixed to the vertebrae, as discussed below in relation toFIGS. 6A-6C . As illustrated inFIG. 4A , thefixation rod 202 includes pegs, short spikes, nibs, washers, or flaredportions 402 protruding on the distal ends. The flaredportions 402 may include at least a portion of the perimeter of the end of thefixation rod 202. InFIG. 4B , thefixation rod 202 includes snap ring clips 404 sitting in grooves, depressions or openings (not shown) machined into the distal ends at a proximal portion of therod 202.FIG. 4C depicts the features ofFIG. 1 , the pegs orshort spikes 402 being machined into thefixation rod 202 as one piece. The above identified machined and extruded features appended to thefixation rod 202 provide the benefits for use by a surgeon. Therod 202 is fully contained within thebody member 104 by thesetscrew 302. Therod 202 also need not be tilted or thebody member 104, including thetowers 106, stretched to allow therod 202 to be placed into a fully seated position. Furthermore, these above identified features of 402 and 404 allow other instruments to interact with thespine screw assembly 100, as discussed below in relation toFIGS. 6A-6B , as well as other embodiments which would be recognized by one skilled in the art. -
FIGS. 5A-E illustrate the features and assembly according to a nesteddilation tube assembly 500.FIG. 5A illustrates the components utilized in the nesteddilation tube assembly 500 in accordance with thespine screw assembly 100. As pictured the screw driver 504 (or any other type of mating tool) engages thebody member 104 atop thetower portion 106 via the additional features 119 (e.g., threads). Thescrew 102 andbody member 104 enter a dilator 502 (or tube) and thereby engage the vertebrae in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 5B , thedilation assembly 500 allows the surgeon to use asmall wire 501 and progressively dilate the vertebrae (not shown) with a plurality ofdilation tubs 502 a-502 d, each of the dilation tubs having an increasingly greater diameter than the other from the inner to the outer dilation tube. As shown inFIG. 5C , once the smaller diameter dilator 502 a (referenced also as the inner dilation tube) has been implanted,larger diameter dilators 502 b (also referenced as the medial dilation tube) and 502c (also referenced as the outer dilation tube) are implanted, respectively. Upon increasing the diameter of thedilators 502 a-502 c by implanting adilator 502 with a greater diameter, previously implanteddilators 502 with smaller diameters may be removed, thereby increasing the opening in the vertebrae; hence, once thelargest tube 502 c is utilized, theinner dilation tubes 502 a and 502 b can be removed. Thedilation tubes 502 after being inserted into a body form a nested,concentric assembly 500 enabling an opening placed in the spinal area and/or vertebrae to be enlarged up to the outer diameter of alast dilation tube 502 c. It can be recognized that one skilled in the art, that thesmaller diameter tubes 502 may be removed after each increase in diameter, or all together at the end, after the largest diameter tube is employed.Interior dilation tubes 502 a and 502 b entail a lip area as flaredprotrusions 503 a and 503 b from the distal end of each tube. Theprotrusions 503 a and 503 b allow for removal of each tube accordingly. Theprotrusions 503 a and 503 b also prevent thetubes 502 a and 502 b from entering theassembly 500 beyond a predetermined point. It would also be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of number ofdilation tubes 502 could be utilized withassembly 500.FIG. 5D depicts the components of thetube 502, body member and screw 102 as discussed above. As illustrated inFIG. 5E , upon employment of thelargest diameter tube 502, thescrew assembly 100 is implanted through thetube 502 via the use of thescrew driver 504. -
FIGS. 6A-C illustrate the features and assembly according to a compression embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 6A illustrates thecompressor 600 including ahandle 602,body shaft 604 andlever 606. Thelever 606 includes a first end being movably attached to the first end of theshaft 604 and including an engagement portion (not shown) for engaging an end of afixation rod 202 positioned within the screw assembly when the lever is in a first position prior to compression, and a second end utilized forcompression 600.Lever 606 further includes a portion having a first length and being provided adjacent the first end. The first portion is provided at an angle relative to the remainder of the length of thelever 606. Thelever 606 is movably attached to theshaft 604 at a point where the angle of the first portion begins relative to the remainder of the length of thelever 606. Theshaft 604 connects thehandle 602 and thelever 606 and embodies a cylindrical shape adapted to slide over and down thespinal screw assembly 100. Theshaft 604 may entail a substantially tubular shape that allows theshaft 604 to receive at least a portion of ascrew assembly 100 therein. -
FIG. 6B illustrates thecompressor 600 including thehandle 602 located in conjunction with the distal end of thebody member 104 atop thetower portion 106 and thelever 606 positioned in conjunction with thefixation rod 202 which is fully seated in thescrew assembly 100. Thecompressor 600 is positioned adjacent to thebody member 104 and above thefixation rod 202, therein thecompressor 600 grabs hold of a protrusion of thefixation rod 202, as discussed above in relation toFIGS. 4A-4C andelements FIG. 6C , a load is applied to thefixation rod 202 by manipulating thelevel 606 of thecompressor 600 and thereby applying a load to thefixation rod 202. To provide balance or leverage upon applying the load to thefixation rod 202, the surgeon can grip onto thehandle 602. Thefixation rod 202 is displaced within the assembly 100 a distance up to a 5 mm range upon increasing the applied load by alever depression 608, whereby the distance between a screw assemblies is decreased. Once the desired compression is achieved, thesetscrew 302 is finally tightened upon thefixation rod 202 whereby the displacement and compression are preserved. - As described in
FIGS. 5A-E and 6A-C, after dilation and compression occurs, it would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the tower portion would be broken off, as described above, thereby creating a fully seated and implanted assembly. - While illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is, of course, understood that various modifications will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such modifications are within the spirit and scope of the invention, which is limited and defined only by the appended claims.
- Although illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A nested dilation tube assembly for opening a surgical site, the nested dilation tube assembly comprising:
a plurality of dilation tubes having at least an inner dilation tube, a medial dilation tube and an outer dilation tube, each of the plurality of tubes have an elongated cylindrical shaft with a bore, each of the elongated cylindrical shaft having an outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the outer dilation tube is larger than the outer diameter of the medial dilation tube, and the outer diameter of the medial dilation tube is larger than the outer diameter of the inner dilation tube so as to allow the plurality of dilation tubes to form a nested, concentric assembly enabling an opening to be enlarged up to the outer diameter of the outer dilation tube.
2. The nested dilation tube assembly as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the inner dilation tube is configured to be removed from the outer dilation tube so as to provide a space for receiving instruments and/or assemblies for implantation into the surgical site.
3. The nested dilation tube assembly of claim 1 , further including a wire, the wire configured to slide within the bore of the inner dilation tube so as to form an initial opening, wherein each of the plurality of dilation tubes may be sequentially inserted into the surgical site so as to progressively enlarge the surgical site.
4. The nested dilation tube assembly of claim 1 , wherein the inner dilation tube is longer than the medial dilation tube, and the medial dilation tube is longer than the outer dilation tube.
5. The nested dilation tube assembly of claim 1 , wherein the inner dilation tube includes a first lip disposed on a proximal end of the inner dilation tube.
6. The nested dilation tube assembly of claim 5 , wherein the first lip is a flared protrusion.
7. The nested dilation tube assembly of claim 1 , wherein the medial dilation tube includes a second lip disposed on a proximal end of the medial dilation tube.
8. The nested dilation tube assembly of claim 7 , wherein the second lip is a flared protrusion.
9. The nested dilation tube assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of dilation tubes a pointed head disposed on a distal end of each of the elongated cylindrical shaft the a respective one of the plurality of dilation tubes.
10. The nested dilation tube assembly as set forth in claim 9 , wherein the pointed head of the inner dilation tube is narrower than the pointed head of the medial dilation tube, and the pointed head of the medial dilation tube is narrower than the pointed head of the outer dilation tube.
11. A method of making a surgical opening in a surgical site, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of dilation tubes having at least an inner dilation tube, a medial dilation tube and an outer dilation tube, each of the plurality of tubes have an elongated cylindrical shaft with a bore, each of the elongated cylindrical shaft having an outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the outer dilation tube is larger than the outer diameter of the medial dilation tube, and the outer diameter of the medial dilation tube is larger than the outer diameter of the inner dilation tube;
providing a wire, the wire disposed within the inner dilation tube;
inserting the wire into the surgical site;
inserting the inner dilation tube into the surgical site;
sliding the medial dilation tube over the inner dilation tube so as to enlarge the surgical site;
sliding the outer dilation tube over the medial dilation tube so as to enlarge the surgical site, wherein the inner dilation tube, the medial dilation tube and the outer dilation tube form a nested, concentric assembly.
12. The method as set forth in claim 11 , further including the following steps in sequence:
removing the wire from the surgical site;
removing the inner dilation tube from the surgical site; and
removing the medial dilation tube from the surgical site.
13. The method as set forth in claim 12 , further including the step of inserting a screw into the surgical site within the bore of the elongated cylindrical shaft of the outer dilation tube.
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US8834527B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 |
JP5210305B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
EP2032054B1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
ES2633446T3 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
US9913664B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 |
EP2032054A2 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
US20080082103A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
JP2013144115A (en) | 2013-07-25 |
US20140350604A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
JP2009540879A (en) | 2009-11-26 |
WO2007149426A2 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
WO2007149426A3 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
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