US20170036545A1 - Battery Controller for an Electrically Driven Vehicle Without Any Low-Voltage Battery, Electrically Driven Vehicle Comprising Said Controller, and Method - Google Patents
Battery Controller for an Electrically Driven Vehicle Without Any Low-Voltage Battery, Electrically Driven Vehicle Comprising Said Controller, and Method Download PDFInfo
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- US20170036545A1 US20170036545A1 US15/333,280 US201615333280A US2017036545A1 US 20170036545 A1 US20170036545 A1 US 20170036545A1 US 201615333280 A US201615333280 A US 201615333280A US 2017036545 A1 US2017036545 A1 US 2017036545A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
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- B60L11/1853—
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- B60L11/1868—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/176—Brake regulation specially adapted to prevent excessive wheel slip during vehicle deceleration, e.g. ABS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/14—Boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- a DC/DC converter is also provided, which can also supply the control devices, and is also used for the charging of the starter battery.
- the DC/DC converter is supplied by the high-voltage battery.
- the DC/DC converter can only deliver the average power requirement of the control devices.
- ABS system for example during emergency braking, requires very high currents of up to 100 A.
- the starter battery is also employed.
- the use of two batteries is expensive and complex.
- the design of the DC/DC converter for higher currents is also excessively cost-intensive.
- the control unit can generally be designed for the opening (breaking) or closing (making conductive) of at least one electrical conduction path through one of the diodes in response to a state of charge or discharge of the energy store.
- the control circuit can then be designed such that the switch is closed if and for such time as the second output voltage becomes or is smaller than the supply voltage, and is opened (disconnected or interrupted) if and for such time as the second output voltage becomes or is greater than the supply voltage.
- the energy store can be designed for a rated voltage of 60 V. This is the output voltage which is dictated by the maximum number of series-connected energy storage cells. This maximum or rated output voltage is used for the electric drive system of the vehicle. Moreover, a voltage in the region of 60 V (conversely to the also customary 300 V) permits the option of the galvanic coupling of the ground potentials of the energy store and the further electrical loads. This too simplifies construction.
- the vehicle has an electrical energy store, which is provided for driving the vehicle and comprises energy storage cells connected in series.
- a voltage converter coupled to the energy store, is provided for the supply of further electrical loads on the vehicle.
- at least one of the further electrical loads on the vehicle is selectively supplied with current from a number of energy storage cells in the electrical energy store which is smaller than the maximum number of series-connected energy storage cells of the energy store. This occurs in the event that a maximum current for the at least one further electrical load exceeds the maximum current which can be delivered by the voltage converter which is coupled to the energy store.
- V 3 V 4 ⁇ 1 ⁇ the cell voltage, such that the voltage on V 3 is automatically smaller by one energy storage cell voltage than V 4 , and consequently exceeds the lower limiting value for the service voltage, such that the minimum service voltage of 9 V is then achieved or exceeded by V 3 . Consequently, no additional monitoring of the voltage on V 3 is required here for the control of the switch S 4 . However, the monitoring of V 3 and a corresponding additional control of the switch S 4 would be possible.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/EP2015/057467, filed Apr. 7, 2015, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from German Patent Application No. 10 2014 208 117.3, filed Apr. 30, 2014, the entire disclosures of which are herein expressly incorporated by reference.
- The embodiments of the invention relate to a system including a control device for an electrically driven vehicle, an electrically driven vehicle having a control device and a method for the control of electrically driven vehicles.
- Electrically driven vehicles, such as electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, are customarily propelled by a first battery, or high-voltage battery, which delivers the voltage e.g. of 300 V, and which naturally delivers the current for the propulsion of the electric vehicle. The first battery has a plurality of series-connected battery cells. A further battery, also referred to as the starter battery or stand-by battery, is also provided, which can deliver a lower voltage, e.g. of 12 V, independently of the first battery, at least temporarily, for the control and monitoring of the customary control devices, such as the anti-lock braking system (ABS), a bodywork control device, the various vehicle functions such as the electric window openers, headlights and rear lights, but also tyre pressure or keyless entry control (in short: body controller), indicator lights, etc. A DC/DC converter is also provided, which can also supply the control devices, and is also used for the charging of the starter battery. The DC/DC converter is supplied by the high-voltage battery. The DC/DC converter can only deliver the average power requirement of the control devices. Specifically the ABS system, for example during emergency braking, requires very high currents of up to 100 A. In order to accommodate these current peaks, the starter battery is also employed. However, the use of two batteries is expensive and complex. The design of the DC/DC converter for higher currents is also excessively cost-intensive.
- One object of the disclosed control device is to provide an improved system for the electronic control or regulation of the current or voltage supply of an at least partially electrically driven vehicle, an at least partially electrically driven vehicle with an improved system for control or regulation and improved methods for the control or regulation of the current or voltage supply of electrically driven vehicles, which eliminate the disadvantages of control or regulation systems.
- According to one aspect of the disclosed control device, an electronic device for an at least partially electrically driven vehicle is disclosed accordingly.
- The vehicle may be an electric or hybrid vehicle. The vehicle has an electrical energy store (also known as a battery or accumulator), which is provided for driving the vehicle. The energy store comprises energy storage cells connected in series. The vehicle is also provided with a voltage converter (e.g. a DC/DC converter) coupled to the energy store for the supply of further electrical loads on the vehicle. The voltage converter is supplied by the energy store.
- The electronic device is advantageously configured to supply current (also referred to as stand-by or booster current) to at least one of the further electrical loads on the vehicle, from a number of series-connected energy storage cells in the electrical energy store which is smaller than the maximum number of series-connected energy storage cells in the energy store, in the event that a maximum current rating (maximum current) for the at least one further electrical load exceeds the maximum current which can be delivered by the voltage converter. The terms “maximum current rating” or “maximum current” refer here to both the magnitude and the duration of the current. By this arrangement, a stand-by or starter battery can be entirely omitted.
- On the input side, the voltage converter is coupled to the output node point of the energy store which delivers the, for example the maximum, voltage, but at least a higher voltage than that provided by the number of series-connected energy storage cells for the delivery of the stand-by current. The current or voltage supply by means of the electronic device thus bypasses the voltage converter. Accordingly, the voltage converter is not required to deliver excessively high peak currents or maximum currents.
- The energy store comprises a plurality of series-connected energy storage cells. By series connection, the voltages of the energy storage cells are combined.
- The electronic device can also comprise the energy store and/or the voltage converter.
- The electronic device can also be configured to deliver the maximum current (maximum current, peak current or short-term current), in response to a state of charge or discharge of the energy store, from a different number of series-connected energy storage cells. Accordingly, different states of charge of the energy store, or of the energy storage cells of the energy store, can be accommodated. Thus, if the voltage converter is not able to deliver sufficient current for the maintenance of the voltage on a supply node point for the further electrical loads or, in other words, if the current required by the loads is too high, the voltage on the supply node point is reduced, and the supply of electric power to the loads is effected directly and, where applicable, additionally from the corresponding energy storage cells of the energy store.
- The electronic device can also be configured to deliver the maximum current, in response to the state of charge or discharge of the energy store, from a first number and a second number of series-connected energy storage cells, wherein the first number is different from the second number. In principle, therefore, different numbers of series-connected energy storage cells can be employed, according to the requisite minimum and maximum voltage levels for the further electrical loads on the vehicle.
- The first number of energy storage cells can differ from the second number of energy storage cells by one energy storage cell. The number of storage cells is generally dependent upon the type of energy store or the type of energy storage cells. Where lithium-ion cells are used, the difference of one storage cell delivers a favorable voltage range. For example, the first number can be 3 and the second number can be 4.
- The electronic device can be configured to switch over the voltage or current supply of the at least one further electrical load from the first number of series-connected energy storage cells to the second (larger) number of series-connected energy storage cells, if a voltage across the first number of series-connected energy storage cells has achieved or falls below a lower limiting value. Moreover, the device can be designed to switch over the voltage or current supply of the at least one further electrical load from the second number of series-connected energy storage cells to the first and smaller number of series-connected energy storage cells, if a voltage across the second number of series-connected energy storage cells has achieved or exceeds an upper limiting value. This makes it possible to maintain the supply voltage within a permissible range.
- The upper limiting value can at least in a significant proportion be defined by a nominal output voltage of the voltage converter. If the output voltage of the electronic device at the supply node point of the loads becomes greater than the nominal regulated output voltage value of the voltage converter (for example a DC/DC converter), a switchover to a lower number of series-connected energy storage cells can thus be executed. The lower limiting value can be defined, for example, by a lower limiting value for the requisite supply voltage of the at least one electrical load.
- The electronic device can comprise a switch, a first and a second diode, and a control unit. Accordingly, the electronic device can be constructed in an exceptionally cost-effective and simple manner such that, even in this simple form, it renders the significantly more expensive stand-by battery or starter battery superfluous. Although the term “control unit” is applied here, this control unit specifically comprises regulating functions in addition, as this unit generates output signals in response to input signals. Accordingly, the term “regulating unit” can also be applied in place of the term “control unit”.
- A first diode can be coupled between a first output node point of the energy store and a supply node point. The first output node point has a first voltage, which corresponds to the sum of the individual voltages of the first number of series-connected energy storage cells. The supply node point can be coupled to the further or the at least one further load to be supplied. The first diode is coupled in the direction of flow from the first output node point to the supply node point. In other words, the anode of the first diode is coupled to the first output node point, and the cathode of the first diode is coupled to the supply node point. The second diode can be coupled between a second output node point of the energy store and the supply node point, wherein the second output node point has a second voltage, which corresponds to the sum of the individual voltages of the second number of series-connected energy storage cells. The second diode is thus coupled in the direction of flow from the second output node point to the supply node point or, in other words, the anode of the second diode is coupled to the second output node point, and the cathode of the second diode is coupled to the supply node point. The at least one switch is coupled between the second diode and the second output node point.
- The control unit can generally be designed for the opening (breaking) or closing (making conductive) of at least one electrical conduction path through one of the diodes in response to a state of charge or discharge of the energy store. For example, the control circuit can then be designed such that the switch is closed if and for such time as the second output voltage becomes or is smaller than the supply voltage, and is opened (disconnected or interrupted) if and for such time as the second output voltage becomes or is greater than the supply voltage.
- The first output voltage can then remain continuously coupled to the supply node point via one of the diodes. Here again, the limited complexity and the effectiveness of the circuit are discernible.
- The control circuit can be configured as a comparator circuit (comparator), the first (non-inverting, positive) input of which can be coupled to the second output node point, and the second (inverting, negative) input of which can be coupled to the supply node point. The output of the comparator circuit can be functionally coupled to the switch, in order to effect the opening or closing of the switch in response to a voltage difference between the first input and the second input. The overall result is thus a circuit which is of limited complexity, but which is highly effective for the system as a whole.
- The energy storage cells can also be designated as battery cells or accumulator cells. Advantageously, the energy storage cells are lithium-ion cells. The voltage of the lithium-ion cells lies between 2.8 V and 4.15 V, from which the above-described advantageous aspects and configurations can proceed.
- The energy store can be designed for a rated voltage of 60 V. This is the output voltage which is dictated by the maximum number of series-connected energy storage cells. This maximum or rated output voltage is used for the electric drive system of the vehicle. Moreover, a voltage in the region of 60 V (conversely to the also customary 300 V) permits the option of the galvanic coupling of the ground potentials of the energy store and the further electrical loads. This too simplifies construction.
- Disclosed herein is also an electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle, specifically a two-wheeled electric vehicle or electrically powered motorcycle, which comprises an electronic device in accordance with one or more of the aspects and configurations disclosed in the present description. Specifically, the electric vehicle also incorporates the energy store.
- Disclosed herein is also a method for the regulation of the supply of electrical loads in an at least partially electrically driven vehicle, specifically an electric or hybrid vehicle. As described above, the vehicle has an electrical energy store, which is provided for driving the vehicle and comprises energy storage cells connected in series. Moreover, a voltage converter, coupled to the energy store, is provided for the supply of further electrical loads on the vehicle. According to the method, at least one of the further electrical loads on the vehicle is selectively supplied with current from a number of energy storage cells in the electrical energy store which is smaller than the maximum number of series-connected energy storage cells of the energy store. This occurs in the event that a maximum current for the at least one further electrical load exceeds the maximum current which can be delivered by the voltage converter which is coupled to the energy store.
- Other objects, advantages and novel features of the embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of one or more preferred embodiments when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
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FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic block diagram of an existing system, -
FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic block diagram of an inventive system, -
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic representation of the inventive system, -
FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic representation of an inventive circuit, and -
FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic representation of the inventive circuit. -
FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic block diagram of a system according to the prior art. The figure shows anenergy store 1, a load 2 (the drive system of an electrically driven vehicle), and a voltage converter or DC/DC converter 3, which is coupled to theenergy store 1 and which assumes the supply of the furtherelectrical loads 4 on the vehicle. Astarter battery 5 is also represented, which delivers the peak currents for theloads 4, if these currents can no longer be supplied by the DC/DC converter. -
FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic representation of an inventive system. Here again, anenergy store 1, a load or drive system 2 (the drive system of an electrically driven vehicle) and a voltage converter or DC/DC converter 3 are provided, wherein the latter is coupled to theenergy store 1 and assumes the supply of the furtherelectrical loads 4 on the vehicle. Thestarter battery 5 is now no longer required. In its place, the supply of stand-by or booster current and the supply of voltage is assumed by theelectronic device 6. Theelectronic device 6 now delivers the requisite peak currents for theloads 4, where these currents can no longer be delivered by the DC/DC converter 3. Theelectronic device 6 is coupled to a number of energy storage cells (some of which are represented here, with the reference numbers 7-14), which are arranged in series. - A situation in which peak currents are required can occur, for example, in the event of emergency braking. In this case, the at least one electrical load is then, for example, an anti-lock braking system (ABS), which can require short-term currents of up to 100 A. The
voltage converter 3 is not designed for this purpose. Consequently, according to the invention, a supply is provided directly from the energy storage cells 7-14 etc. of theenergy store 1 for this purpose. - The
electronic device 6 is configured to supply electric power or electric current to at least one of the furtherelectrical loads 4 on the vehicle from a number of series-connected energy storage cells (for example, 7, 8 and 9 from 7 to 14, etc.) of theelectrical energy store 1 which is smaller than the maximum number of series-connected energy storage cells of theenergy store 1, in the event that a maximum current rating (maximum current) of the at least one furtherelectrical load 4 exceeds the maximum current available from the voltage converter (the DC/DC converter 3). -
FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic representation of theelectronic device 6 or the coupling thereof to theenergy store 1. According to this representation, the electronic device or alsocircuit 6 is coupled to the node point V3 on the input side. On this node point there is a voltage, which is delivered by the series circuit of the threeenergy storage cells energy storage cells device 6 is also coupled on the input side to the node point V4. The latter carries the sum of the voltages of theenergy storage cells electronic device 6 is coupled to a supply node point VN. The output from the DC/DC converter 3 is also coupled to this supply node point VN. Furthermore, theelectrical loads 4 are supplied by this supply node point VN. Theenergy store 1 and theloads 4 have a common ground potential V1. The maximum output voltage associated with the maximum number of series-connectedenergy storage cells loads 4, this current is delivered—at least partially—by theelectronic device 6, which draws its voltage and the requisite current from the series-connectedenergy storage cells 7 to 10. The number ofenergy storage cells 7 to 10 is smaller than the maximum number of series-connectedenergy storage cells 7 to ZX of theenergy store 1. As a result, the voltages (partial voltages) V3 and V4 are naturally also smaller than the voltage on the node point V2. -
FIG. 4 shows a simplified schematic circuit diagram. Theelectronic device 6 comprises a switch S4, a first diode D3 and a second diode D4 and acontrol unit 12. Although the term “control unit” is applied here, this unit specifically performs regulating functions, as also disclosed in the following description. The first diode D3 is coupled between the first output node point V3 of theenergy store 1 and the supply node point VN. The first output node point V3 has a first voltage, which corresponds to the sum of the individual voltages of the first number (in this case 3) of series-connectedenergy storage cells further loads 4 to be supplied, or theloads 4 are connected to this node point VN. The first diode D3 is coupled in the direction of flow from the first output node point V3 to the supply node point VN. The anode of the first diode D3 is coupled to the first output node point V3, and the cathode of the first diode D3 is coupled to the supply node point VN. The second diode D4 is coupled between the second output node point V4 of theenergy store 1 and the supply node point VN. The second output node point has a second voltage V4, which corresponds to the sum of the individual voltages of the second number (in this case 4) of series-connectedenergy storage cells 7 to 10. The second diode D4 is thus coupled in the direction of flow from the second output node point to the supply node point VN. In other words, the anode of the second diode D4 is coupled to the second output node point V4, and the cathode of the second diode D4 is coupled to the supply node point VN. The switch S4 is arranged between the anode of the second diode D4 and the second output node point V4. In this connection, it is also clear that “coupling”, within the meaning of the present description, does not preclude the presence of further components between two coupled components. Thecontrol unit 12 is coupled on the input side at least with the supply node point VN. Preferably, a further input of thecontrol unit 12 is coupled to the second output node point V4. Thecontrol unit 12 is also designed for the changeover of the switch S4 between a closed (conducting) and an opened (non-conducting) position. To this end, an output of thecontrol circuit 12 is coupled to the switch S4. Thecontrol circuit 12 is generally designed for the opening (breaking) or closing (making conductive) of at least one electrical conduction path through one of the diodes D3, D4 in response to a state of charge or discharge of theenergy store 1. In the present case, this path is the current path through the second diode D4. Naturally, other configurations, specifically with a plurality of switches, would also be conceivable. - As in
FIG. 3 , the maximum voltage on theenergy store 1 lies, as a result of the maximum number of series-connectedenergy storage cells 7 to ZX, on the node point V2 and, is 60 V. The common ground potential of theenergy store 1 and theloads 4 is V1. - If the current IDC on the output of the DC/
DC converter 3 is not sufficient to supply the loads 4 (IMAX), at least the difference is delivered by thedevice 6 in the form of the stand-by or booster current IERS (IERS=IMAX−IDC). If the voltage on the first output node point V3 is not sufficient, that is if the voltage V3, as a result of the state of charge of theenergy store 1 and itsenergy storage cells 7 to 9, is too low, thecontrol circuit 12 switches the switch S4 to the conducting state. A connection is thus formed between the second output node point V4 and the supply node point VN via the diode D4, and the voltage on the supply node point VN can be increased accordingly. - In normal operation, the
voltage converter 3 delivers the supply voltage to the supply node point. This voltage may be e.g. 14 V. In normal operation, thevoltage converter 3 can deliver sufficient current for the supply of all theloads 4. The switch S4 is disconnected (opened), and the voltage on the node point V3 is, for example, 11 V. In this configuration, no current flows through D3, as the voltage on the anode (V3=11 V) is lower than on the cathode (VN=14 V). If the current consumption of theloads 4 rises above the maximum current which can be delivered by the voltage converter, for example in the event of full ABS braking, thevoltage converter 3 cannot supply this current. The voltage on the node point VN then dips (decays). If this voltage dip is sufficiently large, for example if the voltage VN dips from 14 V to 10 V, the diode D3 becomes conductive, as there is now a higher voltage on the anode (11 V) than on the cathode (10 V). Accordingly, additional current flows from the node point V3 (i.e. from theenergy storage cells loads 4 can operate at a voltage down to a lower limit of, for example, 9 V. Overall, this also means that the voltage on the anodes of the diode D3 is always smaller than the regular supply voltage of 14 V delivered by thevoltage converter 3. Accordingly, the circuit delivers a very rapid support function, if a voltage dip occurs on the node point VN. As the voltage on V3 (i.e. delivered via the series connection of theenergy storage cells energy storage cells loads 4 is also prevented. The selected energy storage cells (in the present example, consequently, the lower 3 or 4 cells) are only to be brought on-load in the event of an emergency, since the asymmetrical loading of the energy store would otherwise result. - Only if the voltage V3 becomes too low, e.g. 8 V, and thus falls below the lower limiting value for the requisite service voltage of the loads 4 (in this case, therefore, 9 V), is the switch S4 closed. The voltage is thus increased, in this case for example by one energy storage cell voltage (cell 10), such that the voltage on VN is restored to a value in excess of the minimum service voltage. The voltage V4-VD is present on the supply node point VN. This voltage is higher than the voltage delivered by V3, as the number of series-connected energy supply cells for V4 is greater than the number of series-connected cells for V3. The diode D3 prevents any backflow of current into the
energy store 1 here. Alternatively, the current path through D3 might also be interrupted by a further switch. Naturally, the diode D4 also prevents the backflow of current where the switch S4 is closed and the voltage on the supply node point VN, for example by the action of the DC/DC converter, should become greater than the voltage V4. -
FIG. 5 essentially shows thecontrol circuit 12 is configured as a comparator circuit or comparator. The first (non-inverting, positive) input of thecomparator 12 is coupled to the second output node point V4, and the second (inverting, negative) input of the comparator is coupled to the supply node point VN. The output of thecomparator 12 is functionally coupled to the switch S4, in order to effect the closing or opening of the switch S4 in response to a voltage difference V4-VN between the first input and the second input of the comparator. - Accordingly, the
control circuit 12 can be advantageously configured such that the switch S4 is closed (conducting) if and for such time as the voltage V4 becomes/is smaller than VN, and is opened (thus non-conducting) if and for such time as the voltage V4 becomes/is greater than VN. - The energy storage cells might be Li-ion cells (lithium-ion cells), each of which has a voltage between 2.8 V (discharged) and 4.15 V (fully charged). The first output voltage V3 is delivered by the three
energy storage cells 7 to 9, and accordingly might lie between 8.4 V and 12.45 V (corresponding to the sum of the three individual voltages at the maximum and minimum value for the cells in the discharged and the charged state). The second output voltage V4 accordingly lies between 11.2 V and 16.6 V. The DC/DC converter might be independently set to deliver an output voltage of 14 V on the node point VN. If the on-board system voltage (supply voltage) on the node point VN is to be no lower than 9 V (lower limiting value) and no greater than 16 V, the following situation will arise: - If the output voltage V3 were to be applied with the
energy storage cells - If the
energy store 1 is fully charged, the output voltage V4 would be 16.6 V, and the voltage on the supply node point VN=V4−VD=15.9 V, and thus theoretically still within the permissible range for the on-board system voltage. However, the voltage on VN would thus exceed the 14 V output voltage of the DC/DC converter. Accordingly, where a second output voltage V4 is greater than the regulated output voltage of the DC/DC converter plus the diode forward voltage VD (in this example, 14.7 V), the switch S4 should be re-opened such that, in the event of an emergency, the first output voltage V3 can dictate the voltage VN via the diode D3. In the present case, this value would be 12.45 V−0.7 V=11.75 V. These considerations give for the upper limiting value OG of the voltage for V4, OG=VDC+VD, i.e. the upper limiting voltage value is defined by the sum of the regulated output voltage VDC of the DC/DC converter plus the diode forward voltage VD. - Separate monitoring of the voltage on the node point V3 might be executed, but is not absolutely necessary here. In the present case, no separate monitoring of the voltage V3 is required. The switch S4 is closed if V4 lies below VN, regardless of the voltage level on V3. Consequently, where V4>VN, and VN is set at the normal service voltage by the voltage converter 3 (in this case, for example, 14 V), the following will apply: V3=V4−1× the cell voltage, such that the voltage on V3 is automatically smaller by one energy storage cell voltage than V4, and consequently exceeds the lower limiting value for the service voltage, such that the minimum service voltage of 9 V is then achieved or exceeded by V3. Consequently, no additional monitoring of the voltage on V3 is required here for the control of the switch S4. However, the monitoring of V3 and a corresponding additional control of the switch S4 would be possible.
- Thus, in accordance with the aspects and exemplary embodiments, it is possible to execute the selective supply of current (also stand-by or booster current) to at least one of the further electrical loads on the vehicle from a number of energy storage cells in the electrical energy store which is smaller than the maximum number of series-connected energy storage cells in the energy store, specifically in the event that a maximum current for the further electrical loads exceeds the maximum current which can be delivered by a voltage converter which is coupled to the energy store. Accordingly, if the voltage converter is not capable of delivering sufficient current to maintain the voltage on the supply node point or, in other words, if the current required by the loads becomes too great, the voltage on the supply node point is necessarily reduced until the supply is directly assumed by the corresponding energy storage cells.
- The electronic devices and method described above can be advantageously employed in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, specifically in two-wheeled electric vehicles or electrically powered motorcycles.
- The foregoing disclosure has been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (20)
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DE102014208117.3A DE102014208117A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | Control for electrically driven vehicle, electrically driven vehicle with control and procedure |
DE102014208117.3 | 2014-04-30 | ||
PCT/EP2015/057467 WO2015165693A2 (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2015-04-07 | Control for electrically driven vehicle, electrically driven vehicle having control, and method |
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PCT/EP2015/057467 Continuation WO2015165693A2 (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2015-04-07 | Control for electrically driven vehicle, electrically driven vehicle having control, and method |
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US20170036545A1 true US20170036545A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
US11351866B2 US11351866B2 (en) | 2022-06-07 |
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US15/333,280 Active US11351866B2 (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2016-10-25 | Battery controller for an electrically driven vehicle without any low-voltage battery, electrically driven vehicle comprising said controller, and method |
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US (1) | US11351866B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3137335B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105934360B (en) |
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WO (1) | WO2015165693A2 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102014208117A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
EP3137335B1 (en) | 2022-07-13 |
CN105934360B (en) | 2019-06-14 |
EP3137335A2 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
WO2015165693A2 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
US11351866B2 (en) | 2022-06-07 |
WO2015165693A3 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
CN105934360A (en) | 2016-09-07 |
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