US20170031986A1 - Method and System for Providing Integrated Virtualized Database Management and Software Defined Network Topology - Google Patents

Method and System for Providing Integrated Virtualized Database Management and Software Defined Network Topology Download PDF

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US20170031986A1
US20170031986A1 US14/814,581 US201514814581A US2017031986A1 US 20170031986 A1 US20170031986 A1 US 20170031986A1 US 201514814581 A US201514814581 A US 201514814581A US 2017031986 A1 US2017031986 A1 US 2017031986A1
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query
database
execution plan
sdt
network
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Xu Li
Jaya Rao
Sophie Vrzic
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to US14/814,581 priority Critical patent/US20170031986A1/en
Assigned to HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. reassignment HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LI, XU, RAO, JAYA, VRZIC, SOPHIE
Priority to PCT/CN2016/080378 priority patent/WO2017020616A1/fr
Publication of US20170031986A1 publication Critical patent/US20170031986A1/en
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    • G06F17/30463—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/24—Querying
    • G06F16/245—Query processing
    • G06F16/2453—Query optimisation
    • G06F16/24534—Query rewriting; Transformation
    • G06F16/24542—Plan optimisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/25—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems
    • G06F16/256—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems in federated or virtual databases
    • G06F17/30566—

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the fields of database management, software defined networking, and network function virtualization, and in particular to a method and system for providing integrated virtualized database management within a network supporting features such as software defined networking and/or network function virtualization.
  • Database virtualization allows for database resources such as computation and storage resources to be allocated dynamically on demand.
  • virtual databases may include data that is stored remotely in potentially heterogeneous and semi-structured sources, or in a plurality of separate databases.
  • Database management systems in general enable the storage, modification and extraction of information from a database.
  • Query optimization in databases allows for the efficient execution of queries in a given database.
  • VNF Software Defined Networking
  • SDN Software Defined Networking
  • Control functions may be separated from forwarding functions for example by controlling the forwarding nodes from a control element.
  • Network Function Virtualization NFV
  • NFV Network Function Virtualization
  • VNF Virtual Network Functions
  • VNF can comprise or operate on one or more virtual machines running on relatively generic servers or computing equipment, such as commercial-off-the-shelf hardware capable of being configured to provide a variety of functionalities, as opposed to dedicated hardware for a given functionality.
  • An object of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and system for providing virtualized database management integrated with software defined networking and/or network function virtualization.
  • a communication apparatus comprising: a Software Defined Topology (SDT) module configured to define a set of virtual functions and logical connections therebetween for instantiation using hardware resource components of a communication network; the SDT module further configured to define a set of database functions belonging to the set of virtual functions in accordance with a query execution plan after the SDT is invoked in response to a database query.
  • SDT Software Defined Topology
  • a communication network comprising: a Software Defined Topology (SDT) module configured to define a set of Virtual Functions and logical connections therebetween for instantiation using hardware resource components of the communication network; a query response module of a Database Management System (DBMS) configured to receive a database query and to invoke the SDT module to generate in association with nodes of the communication network and in accordance with a query execution plan, a set of database functions belonging to the set of Virtual Functions.
  • SDT Software Defined Topology
  • DBMS Database Management System
  • a method for providing database functionality in a communication network comprising: in response to a database query, determining a query execution plan comprising an indication of a set of Virtual Functions and a set of hardware resource components of the communication network for use in implementing the set of Virtual Functions; instantiating the set of Virtual Functions and logical connections therebetween using the indicated set of hardware resource components; and executing the query according to the query execution plan.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a method for providing database functionality in a communication network, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a communication network provided in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates another aspect of a communication network provided in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a Network Function Virtualization framework in accordance with the prior art.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a query situation in accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a query execution plan for the query situation of FIG. 4A , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4C illustrates a query execution plan for the query situation of FIG. 4A , in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4D illustrates a query execution plan for the query situation of FIG. 4A , in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a network configuration corresponding to generation of a query execution plan, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates operation of an embodiment of the present invention relative to a network architecture.
  • the term “about” should be read as including variation from the nominal value, for example, a +/ ⁇ 10% variation from the nominal value. It is to be understood that such a variation is always included in a given value provided herein, whether or not it is specifically referred to.
  • Virtual Network Function corresponds to a function enabling operation of a communication network, such as routing, switching, gateways, firewalls, load balancers, servers, mobility management entities, and the like.
  • the function is virtualized in the sense that it may utilize a set of virtual resources, such as computing, storage and networking resources, rather than utilizing hardware resources directly or dedicated hardware resources.
  • Virtual Network Functions may be instantiated on an as-needed basis using available virtual resources.
  • Virtual Application Function corresponds to a function enabling operation of an application running on a network.
  • Virtual Function corresponds to a Virtual Network Function, a Virtual Application function, or a combination of Virtual Network Functions and/or Virtual Application Functions.
  • SDT Software Defined Topology
  • PoP Virtual Function Point of Presence
  • SDT may also be used to define logical connections between Virtual Function PoPs and corresponding service traffic sources and/or service traffic destinations.
  • optimization corresponds to an operation that determines or attempts to determine a course of action having at least a desired performance and/or at least approximately satisfying a set of constraints. For example, optimizations may attempt determine values for a set of decision variables that lead to maximization or minimization of an objective function, while also satisfying the set of constraints, as would be readily understood by a worker skilled in the art. Although it may be desirable to determine a solution that achieves the global maximum (or minimum) of the objective function over the set of feasible solutions, defined by the constraints, optimization as used herein may in some cases return a solution that achieves somewhat less than the global maximum (or somewhat larger than the global minimum).
  • Embodiments of the present invention comprise implementing a Virtualized Database Management System (V-DBMS), for example by providing the V-DBMS as a service, in a Software-Defined Topology (SDT)-capable network.
  • V-DBMS may generate query execution plans in response to database queries, and such generation may include query optimization.
  • the query execution plan may include a plan for configuration of a query-specific network logical topology, for example including a plan for instantiation of Virtual Functions (VF) such as Virtual Network Functions (VNF) and/or Virtual Application Functions (VAF), along with the interconnection between VFs where applicable.
  • VF Virtual Functions
  • VNF Virtual Network Functions
  • VAF Virtual Application Functions
  • embodiments of the present invention may provide for a cross-layer solution for implementation of a V-DBMS within a SDT-capable network, that is involving cooperation across the application and network layers.
  • the Database Management System supports a virtualized database. In various embodiments, the DBMS supports a distributed database. In various embodiments, the DBMS supports a database that is both virtualized and distributed.
  • the query-specific network logical topology may correspond to a logical topology of a network which is instantiated for generating a response to a query in accordance with a query execution plan, and which may be temporary, for example being instantiated for execution of the query and subsequently de-instantiated.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide for a communication network comprising a Software Defined Topology (SDT) module and a query response module.
  • the SDT module is configured to define a set of Virtual Functions and logical connections therebetween, for example as specified in a Forwarding Graph.
  • the Virtual Functions and logical connections may then be instantiated for example by operation of network reconfiguration functions such as Software Defined Networking and/or Network Function Virtualization.
  • the Virtual Functions utilize hardware resource components of the communication network, for example directly or indirectly via a virtualization layer, such that the virtual functions may be provided on top of one or more intermediate layers of virtualized resources.
  • the SDT module may interact with Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) functionalities.
  • SDN Software Defined Networking
  • NFV Network Function Virtualization
  • the SDT module may interact with an SDN module which is used for provisioning and/or instantiating logical connections defined by the SDT module.
  • the hardware resource components may correspond to general-purpose components of a network which can be used to instantiate various networking functions and/or application functions in accordance with a virtualization scheme. These may be relatively generic servers or computing equipment, such as commercial-off-the-shelf hardware which can be configured to provide various networking and/or computing functionalities.
  • the query response module is part of a Database Management System (DBMS) and is configured, in response to a database query, to invoke the SDT module to define a set of database functions belonging to the set of Virtual Application Functions. Instantiation of defined database functions is performed in accordance with a query execution plan.
  • the database functions may include distributed storage functions, distributed processing functions, or the like.
  • the SDT module and the query response module may be integrated together.
  • the query execution plan may be provided in various ways, for example by the query response module, provided by the SDT module, or provided by a combination of the query response module and the SDT module.
  • the SDT module is configured to define the database functions and their logical connections according to a query execution plan which is provided to the SDT module, for example as previously generated by the query response module.
  • the SDT module is configured to receive a previously generated query execution plan and to further modify and/or improve the previously generated query execution plan by performing further optimization.
  • the SDT module is configured to define or generate a query execution plan, for example in the case that no previously generated query execution plan is provided.
  • the SDT module may be configured to perform combinations of the above possibilities as required, for example to use or improve a previously generated query execution plan when so instructed or to generate a query execution plan when so instructed.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide for a method for providing database functionality in a communication network. Having reference to FIG. 1 , the method includes determining 110 , in response to a database query 100 , a query execution plan comprising an indication 112 of a set of Virtual Functions, an indication 113 of logical connections between the set of Virtual Functions, and an indication 114 of a set of hardware resource components of the communication network for use in implementing the set of Virtual Functions. Determining the query execution plan may be performed by the query response module, the SDT module, or a combination of the two.
  • the indications 112 , 113 , 114 can be provided as separate indications located in separate data fields, or they can be provided as different information contained within a common indication data field.
  • the logical connections may imply the execution order of the Virtual Functions.
  • the method further includes instantiating 120 the set of Virtual Functions and logical connections therebetween using the indicated set of hardware resource components.
  • the method further includes executing 130 the query according to the query execution plan.
  • the method may be implemented by one or more computers, virtual computing machines, or the like, as provided by computing elements of the communication network or supporting infrastructure.
  • the query may be executed by the instantiated set of virtual functions, operating together within the network. More particularly, the virtual functions and logical connections therebetween are instantiated in the network as directed by the SDT module.
  • the virtual functions include database-specific functions such as functions which retrieve data from the database, process the data, transmit processed or unprocessed data to other virtual functions, received data from other virtual functions, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • the virtual functions which are instantiated within the network at one or more nodes according to virtualization techniques, thus operate to execute the query and forward the results of the query to a desired network location.
  • the SDT module transmits an instruction for generating the set of virtual functions to one or more of the hardware resources of the communication network.
  • the hardware resources are configured to collectively instantiate and interconnect the set of virtual functions. Operation of the set of virtual functions using the hardware resources then implements the query execution plan.
  • the hardware resources therefore act to transmit, receive and process information according to steps of the query execution plan.
  • the hardware resources may thus include a processor, memory, network interface, and the like.
  • the hardware resources may be real or virtualized.
  • Some embodiments of the above-described method may include generating the query execution plan using the query response module.
  • the method may further include transmitting the query execution plan from the query response module to the SDT module.
  • the method may further include using the SDT module to define the above-mentioned set of virtual functions and logical connections therebetween, based on the query execution plan.
  • the query response module and SDT module may be provided as a real or virtualized computational entity within the communication network. Thus, the query response module and SDT module operate together to generate and implement the query execution plan.
  • Some embodiments of the above-described method may include generating the query execution plan using the SDT module.
  • the method may further include using the SDT module to define the above-mentioned set of virtual functions and logical connections therebetween.
  • the method may further include receiving the database query directly by the SDT module. In such embodiments, a separate query response module may not be required, or its functions can be subsumed into the SDT module.
  • Some embodiments of the above-described method may include generating the query execution plan using a combination of the query response module and the SDT module.
  • the method may include generating an initial query execution plan by the query response module and communicating same to the SDT module.
  • the method may further include modifying the query execution plan by the SDT module.
  • the logical connections defined by SDT are accompanied with QoS requirements, which are requirements for virtual resources.
  • the query execution plan may specify hardware resource and virtual resource requirements.
  • NFV and/or SDN functionalities may be used for resource management, for example in order to determine the hardware resource components and/or virtual resources.
  • a query execution plan is generated which is indicative of one or more additional execution points to be instantiated within the network for execution of the query.
  • the additional execution points may be implemented within the SDT-capable network for example by instantiating Virtual Network Functions and/or Virtual Application Functions at a given network node, and configuring the associated forwarding graphs to incorporate such functions. For example, when an initial query execution plan is provided, the associated initial forwarding graph may be adjusted in accordance with the query execution plan to incorporate the additional execution points.
  • additional execution points may correspond to network nodes which are not co-located with data that is to be used in execution of the query, nor with a specified destination for the query information.
  • Additional execution points correspond to processing nodes, which receive data from other network nodes and process and forward the received data in a specified manner.
  • Additional execution points may therefore correspond to dedicated aggregation nodes.
  • the additional execution points may, for example, be used to receive database tables from upstream nodes and to perform database operations, such as join-type operations, on said tables in furtherance of query execution.
  • Selection of the one or more additional execution points may be performed in accordance with a query optimization, in which the decision variables of the optimization include variables indicative of whether and where to instantiate processing/storage nodes for the query execution, variables indicative of how to route data between nodes and/or variables indicative of where, in terms of potential network nodes, to perform various database operations.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2B illustrate a communication network provided in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the communication network includes a Software Defined Topology (SDT) module 210 and a query response module 220 . These modules may be provided using resources of the communication network.
  • the resources may correspond to dedicated hardware such as computer servers and networking devices, or virtual resources and/or virtual machines provided using communication network hardware such as commercial off-the-shelf hardware computer components, such as general purpose servers and storage devices.
  • the network further comprises a set of hardware resource components 230 , which may be distributed through the network.
  • the SDT module is configured to define a set of virtual functions 235 and logical connections therebetween by utilization of the hardware resource components 230 .
  • the defined set of virtual functions and logical connections therebetween may subsequently be instantiated for example by NFV and/or SDN modules, or the like.
  • selected hardware resource components may be configured to provide nodes which receive, forward, and optionally process database information as part of execution of a database query. These nodes may be configured to provide networking, e.g. SDN functionalities and/or VNF or VAF functionalities, or a combination thereof.
  • One or more virtualization layers 240 and associated virtual resources may be provided between the hardware resource components 230 and the virtual functions 235 .
  • the query response module 220 is configured, in response to a database query, to invoke the SDT module 210 to define, for instantiation, at least the particular illustrated virtual network functions 235 , namely functions such as database functions which support execution of a database query 270 provided to the network.
  • the database query may be provided by a service customer, a user, an application running on a device, network node, virtual network node, or the like.
  • the database query can include various information such as an SQL query statement or other parameters forming a query of information known or assumed to be held in the database.
  • the database query 270 is received by the query response module 220 which subsequently interacts with the SDT module 210 , for example by sending the query or query execution plan to the SDT module, or otherwise triggering the SDT module by transmitting a message thereto.
  • Instantiation of the database functions is performed in accordance with a query execution plan 260 which may be generated by the query response module 220 and/or the SDT module 210 .
  • the query execution plan may be provided by cooperative configuration of the query response module and the SDT module.
  • Generation of the query execution plan may comprise query optimization pertaining to providing an efficient query satisfying predetermined objectives and constraints.
  • the database functions may include distributed storage functions, distributed processing functions, or the like.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates an example collection of hardware resource components 230 , some of which are used to instantiate Virtual Network Functions 235 for supporting a query execution plan 260 .
  • the VNFs 235 may correspond to database node functions.
  • Links 237 between the hardware resource components 235 are also illustrated. The links 237 may be provisioned on direction of the SDT module 210 , in furtherance of the query execution plan 260 .
  • at least some of the instantiated Virtual Network Functions 235 are co-located with database tables 280 stored in memory of hardware resource components.
  • SDT Software Defined Topology
  • SDT may interoperate with Software Defined Networking (SDN) components and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) components to instantiate and provision virtual networks.
  • SDN Software Defined Networking
  • NFV Network Function Virtualization
  • SDN may be used to instantiate Virtual Functions at specified locations
  • SDN may be used to provision logical links to form a virtual network.
  • SDT is used to generate and/or determine a Virtual Function Forwarding Graph (VF FG) for a given service.
  • the VF FG may be derived by augmenting a Virtual Application Function Forwarding Graph (VAF FG) with Virtual Network Functions.
  • VAF FG may be provided by the application being implemented, or in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the VAF FG may be generated as part of a query execution plan.
  • Forwarding graphs may specify logical links between network nodes that can be unidirectional, bidirectional, multicast, and/or broadcast.
  • SDT is used to translate a VF FG to a network logical topology.
  • the topology may reflect point-of-presence decisions indicative of physical locations and/or network addresses at which to implement virtual functions.
  • the topology may additionally or alternatively reflect decisions regarding how to logically link service traffic sources, the locations at which virtual functions are implemented, service traffic destinations, and respective resource requirements.
  • SDT may be used to offer Virtualized Database Management Systems (V-DBMS) as services.
  • V-DBMS Virtualized Database Management Systems
  • VAFs may correspond to distributed database storage functions.
  • the network may be used to provide storage resources for use by network users.
  • Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a query execution and/or query processing facility of the V-DBMS, by which query execution plans are generated and/or implemented. Generation of query execution plans may comprise query optimization operations, for example. Further, in various embodiments, query optimization is performed by SDT-enabling components of the network, for example in order to facilitate a desired, or optimal, level of performance at both the network level and at the application level. Performance level may be measured in terms of parameters such as delay, network and/or computing resource usage, operational costs, interference with other network functions, end user experience, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • SDT design and interface features may be extended in order to facilitate query execution plan generation and/or query optimization in support of a V-DBMS. This may facilitate efficient V-DBMS operation and query execution thereof, for example. Further, various embodiments of the present invention may provide for additional inputs to the SDT-enabling components of the network, such as inputs accepting database queries. Yet further, various embodiments of the present invention may provide for an interface between the SDT-enabling components of the network and the V-DBMS.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an NFV framework in accordance with the prior art, as disclosed in “Network Function Virtualisation (NFV); Architectural Framework,” ETSI GS NFV 002, V1.1.1, October 2013, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and available at: http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/NFV/001_099/002/01.01.01_60/gs_NFV002v010101p.p df.
  • the NFV framework includes NFV infrastructure 300 which includes hardware resources 310 , such as computing, storage and networking resources, a virtualization layer 320 , and virtual computing, storage and networking resource 330 .
  • Virtualized Network Functions 340 such as software implementations of network functions, are capable of running over the NFV infrastructure 300 .
  • NFV management and orchestration 350 is also provided, which covers the orchestration and lifecycle management of physical and/or software resources that support the infrastructure virtualization, and the lifecycle management of VNFs.
  • a communication system includes a data plane and a control plane.
  • the data plane is configured to transport network traffic for a service among a plurality of physical network nodes that compose a physical infrastructure.
  • the service may correspond to a V-DMBS.
  • the control plane includes a software defined topology (SDT) module.
  • the SDT module is configured to receive service parameters for the service.
  • the SDT module is further configured to locate logical network nodes for a service-specific data plane logical topology at respective physical network nodes among the plurality of physical network nodes according to the service parameters, a service-level topology for the service, and the physical infrastructure.
  • the SDT module is further configured to define connections among the logical network nodes according to the service parameters, the service-level topology, and the physical infrastructure, and define respective connections for a plurality of UEs to at least one of the logical network nodes according to the service parameters, the service-level topology, and the physical infrastructure.
  • the SDT module is further configured to define respective functionalities for the logical network nodes.
  • the apparatus may include a dedicated computing component or one or more virtualized computing components provided by resources within a communication network, for example as virtual network functions or virtual application functions.
  • NFV enables network functions that are traditionally tied to hardware to run on a cloud computing infrastructure in a data center, thereby allowing the separation of network functions from the hardware infrastructure.
  • SDN is an architectural framework for creating intelligent programmable networks, where the control planes and the data planes are decoupled, network intelligence and state are logically centralized, and the underlying network infrastructure is abstracted from the application.
  • the control plane may use customer information and provide information to form a network logical topology, for example as created via SDT.
  • the SDT can be combined with the SDN and software defined protocol (SDP) to create a customized virtual network (VN).
  • SDP software defined protocol
  • a virtual network is a collection of resources virtualized for a particular service.
  • Customers include users of services via a UE, terminal, or other customer device.
  • Providers include service providers, VN operators, and other providers of services over the wireless network.
  • SDT provides a framework for software defined services and/or content delivery that allows operators to define on-demand and service specific data plane architecture, i.e., logical topology, to enable more efficient use of network resources and ensure quality of experience (QoE) to customers.
  • SDT can be used to configure a V-DBMS.
  • SDT can map service level logical topology to data plane logical topology before the VN is formed. The mapping produces a service-specific data plane logical topology, which can be referred to as the customized VN topology or simply VN topology.
  • the SDT can determine an on-demand and customized logical data plane topology.
  • the SDT can select physical locations of logical network nodes for the logical data plane.
  • the SDT can also define the topology of the nodes in the data plane topology. Additionally, the SDT can define service-specific data process functionalities for logical nodes in the data plane logical topology.
  • a logical node is a software defined entity implemented at a physical network node that can assume a variety of roles and perform various functions.
  • a logical node can be a user-specific virtual serving gateway (v-u-SGW), a service-specific virtual serving gateway (v-s-SGW), or a content container, among other roles.
  • the SDT determines the data plane logical topology for each application, service, or VN according to requirements from the operators or customers of the application, service, or VN. These requirements can include QoE and quality of service (QoS).
  • the SDT may also determine the data plane logical topology according to the service level logical topology, service traffic characteristics, customer distribution, mobility speed predictions, and traffic load predictions, among other parameters.
  • the SDT can allow the data plane logical topology to adapt to changes in traffic load and traffic load predictions, network node capabilities, and mobility of customer devices. It is further realized herein the SDT can be managed by network providers, VN providers, or customers.
  • SDT can allow harmonized network virtualization. It can generate/determine a network logical topology jointly for each service, such as each V-DBMS service or portion thereof, including (1) virtual function points of presence (PoP) decision, i.e., physical locations (network addresses) of virtual functions, and (2) local link decisions, i.e., logical links between service traffic sources, service VF PoPs, and service traffic destinations, and respective resource requirements.
  • PoP virtual function points of presence
  • SDT may comprise automatic definition and/or creation of the logical topology from the network service request.
  • a database query may be treated as a service request.
  • the role of SDT may include determining the VNF FG (which defines the logical topology).
  • the VNF FG may define the virtual functions, the ordering of the virtual functions, and the connection between the virtual functions.
  • the role of SDT may include determining the number of instances of each function in the FG, determining the forwarding paths (e.g., for the control plane and data plane), and/or determining the PoP for each function in the VNF FG (which defines the physical topology).
  • the PoP of the virtual functions and the connection between the virtual function PoPs may be defined in the network logical topology.
  • the SDT entity can therefore operate as a topology manager.
  • the role of the SDT may include defining only the VNF FG.
  • SDT may be configured to define both VNF FG and the corresponding network logical topology.
  • SDT may be configured to define only the network logical topology, without necessarily defining the VNF FG.
  • SDT can be combined with NFV, in which case, SDT can potentially also be a virtual function that is instantiated in accordance with NFV. If SDN can also be used to split the control plain and the data plane then there may be a defined interface between the SDN controller and SDT.
  • NFV Network-to-Network Interface
  • a query execution plan specifies an ordered set of steps used for accessing data in a DBMS, such as a V-DBMS.
  • the query execution plan may comprise a sequence of database operations, such as Structured Query Language (SQL) operations for accessing data in an SQL DBMS.
  • SQL Structured Query Language
  • candidate operations may include join, semi-join, outer join, inner join, theta join, anti-join, and the like.
  • query execution plans may also include a plan and/or corresponding instructions for moving data between data storage locations of a corresponding distributed database.
  • a query execution plan may be generated as the result of an optimization operation, such as a cost-based or rule-based optimization.
  • embodiments of the present invention additionally generate a query execution plan in accordance with an optimization over traditional decision variables as well as further decision variables relevant to SDT-capable networks.
  • the further decision variables may relate to Virtual Function Point of Presence (VF PoP) decisions, pertaining to physical and/or network logical locations of various VFs used for query execution and supporting query execution.
  • the VF PoP decision variables may correspond to one or both of VNF PoP decision variables and VAF PoP decision variables.
  • VAF PoP decision variables may pertain more directly to query execution where the VAFs include query processing functionalities.
  • VNF PoP decision variables may not be present in all embodiments. Where VNF PoP decisions are present, they may pertain to configuration decisions of the network supporting the query execution in order to further support efficiency thereof.
  • Query execution support may comprise networking and/or network configuration operations, for example.
  • generation of the query execution plan includes evaluating one or more alternative plans which introduce additional execution points within the network, which may be introduced dynamically and used to perform operations such as join-type operations. The introduction of such additional execution points may correspond to decision variables which pertain to locations in the network at which to instantiate VNFs and/or VAFs to support execution of the query.
  • Execution points may be instantiated within the network for the express purpose of executing a query or a limited set of queries, and subsequently abandoned or de-instantiated, either immediately or after a predetermined idle period.
  • the SDT-capable network may therefore be integrated with the distributed DBMS and adapted in terms of nodes, node capability, node interconnection, or the like, in order to support query optimization.
  • the query execution plan is approximately optimized with respect to an objective function, which evaluates performance and/or cost.
  • Factors affecting performance and cost may include one or more of: data bandwidth usage, network resource usage, memory usage, processor usage, monetary cost in the case of leased resources, extrinsic costs imposed for network administration purposes, latency, amount of computation, bandwidth usage, and the like.
  • Various ones of these factors may be combined or used on their own to derive a suitable objective function. Further, various ones of these factors may be combined or used on their own to derive one or more suitable constraint functions.
  • Objective functions and constraint functions are functions of at least the various relevant decision variables or subsets thereof.
  • Some embodiments are configured to generate an optimal or quasi-optimal query execution plan which takes into account data movement costs and network resource usage, for example.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4D illustrate a query situation along with several alternative query execution plans and evaluation criteria, in accordance with an illustrative example embodiment of the present invention.
  • This example may pertain to a network of devices configured to take and record sensor readings.
  • the example database includes three tables: R, S and D.
  • Table R lists device IDs (DID), reading values, and reading times.
  • Table S lists associations between device IDs and service IDs (SID).
  • Table D lists device locations in terms of X and Y coordinates.
  • Execution of the query requires joining of the three tables R, S and D.
  • network nodes 1 , 2 and 3 contain the table data for S, D and R, respectively, and that the query result is required at network node 4 .
  • the data from each of nodes 1 to 3 is communicated directly to node 4 , and the join operations are performed at node 4 .
  • the data from node 1 is communicated to node 2 , where a first semi-join operation is performed to yield a table D′.
  • the semi-joined data D′ is then communicated from node 2 to node 4 .
  • node 3 Also the data from node 3 is communicated separately to node 4 .
  • a join operation is performed at node 4 to join D′ to R, thereby joining S, D and R.
  • the third option, illustrated in FIG. 4D proceeds similarly to the second option, except a further node, node 5 , is dynamically generated as a new execution point.
  • the data from nodes 2 and 3 are communicated to node 5 , where the join of D′ to R is executed.
  • the result Q of this join operation is then communicated to node 4 .
  • the third option involves an integration of SDT with DBMS which is significantly different from prior art implementations.
  • a traditional distributed DBMS exists as a separate system, independent of the network, and is not able to generate a query execution plan that dynamically introduces new execution points.
  • Potential performance and cost metrics for the above options may be as follows, assuming
  • the performance is given by Max(
  • the performance is given by Max(
  • the performance is given by Max(
  • Query optimization may comprise determining the best among these and potentially other candidates for a given realization of the parameters.
  • Various embodiments of the present invention invoke SDT capabilities of the network, for example as embodied in an SDT module, to generate the query execution plan, for example via query optimization.
  • the generated query execution plan may comprise or be provided as a Virtual Application Function Forwarding Graph (VAF FG).
  • VAF FG Virtual Application Function Forwarding Graph
  • the SDT-capable network may be configured to provide a virtual network on demand, with different virtual networks being provided for different service customers and/or with a different virtual network being provided for each different query or set of queries.
  • Database queries may be regarded from the perspective of the network as service requests, which are satisfied in part by the dynamic creation of an appropriate virtual network and corresponding resource allocation.
  • the SDT-capable network may be configured to receive database queries, such as SQL query statements, as input and, in response, to trigger generation of a query execution plan and subsequent execution of the query using the generated plan.
  • database queries such as SQL query statements
  • generation of a query execution plan may comprise accessing database and/or table schema information.
  • the database schema may be indicative of the structure of the database, its organization, the location of data, such as the location of various tables, and the like; the table scheme may be indicative of the structure of the table, its organization, and the like.
  • database or table schema information may be embedded in a query-specific service request.
  • the service request may be a query which is related to remotely stored data, for example.
  • database or table schema may be maintained by the network in a predetermined real and/or virtual storage repository.
  • the database or table schema may be stored in a service descriptor associated with the creation of the V-DBMS service being provided.
  • the query service may have a dependency on the previous V-DBMS service.
  • Information indicative of the size of involved tables at distributed storage locations may be embedded in the query-specific service request or else obtained through communication with the respective data locations.
  • a customer, application, V-DBMS service, or the like may provide a query statement, such as an SQL query as a service request to the SDT-capable network.
  • Table sizes indicative of data tables to be processed in furtherance of the query response may also be provided, for example by the customer, application or V-DBMS service, along with the query statement.
  • the SDT module may be configured to access information regarding the table schemas and table locations and to generate a query execution plan based on the provided and accessed information, for example via query optimization.
  • the SDT module may generate a VAF FG as part of the generated query execution plan.
  • the SDT module may be configured to determine relevant table sizes for example by interrogating data locations provided as virtualized storage functions.
  • the customer, application, V-DBMS service, or the like may provide an initial query execution plan, for example encoded as an initial VAF FG.
  • the SDT module may incrementally adjust the query execution plan for example to further optimize same. By starting with an initial VAF FG, optimization computation by the SDT module may be reduced. In this approach, table sizes may either be provided extrinsically or determined by the SDT module. Regardless of whether the SDT module or other function of the present system generates the query execution plan (VAF FG) based on an abstract function description such as a query statement, or incrementally based on an initial plan, embodiments of the present invention comprise the generation of the query execution plan at least in part in conjunction with SDT functionalities of the communication network.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may utilize conventional query optimization and/or query execution plan generation approaches in conjunction with the further approaches as described herein. For example, generation of a plan sequence of join operations or a plan sequence of joins interleaved with semi-joins may be provided in accordance with conventional methods.
  • Approaches for query optimization may include, for example, those described in “The State of the Art in Distributed Query Processing,” Donald Kossmann, ACM Computing Surveys, 2000.
  • generation of the query execution plan may comprise determining logical flow aspects of the plan for example as represented by a VAF FG, and subsequently making a VAF Point of Presence (PoP) decision indicative of the physical and/or network logical locations of the VAFs and their logical connectivities.
  • the VAF FG may correspond to logical flow portions of the query execution plan, including for example sequences of join type operations, for example as determined by conventional approaches.
  • Logical links between VAF PoPs may be defined by the VAF FG, which may be provided as an input. The provisioning of logical links between VAF PoPs, which may correspond to the logical flow, may be performed by an SDN functionality.
  • the VAF PoP decision may correspond to a portion of the query optimization which is performed separately or integrally with the conventional portions of the query optimization.
  • the VAF PoP optimization may be configured to determine optimal or quasi-optimal location of VAFs, for example VAFs relating to required SQL operations in furtherance of execution of a particular SQL query. The optimization may in some embodiments also minimize considerations such as latency and traffic related costs for the particular SQL query.
  • VAF PoP decisions may be made for example given the physical or network logical locations of relevant database information in the network corresponding to data required to execute a given query, as well as the physical or network logical locations of the entity to which the query response is to be delivered.
  • VAF PoP decisions are made given prior VNF PoP decisions.
  • VNF PoP decisions may be made in cooperation with VAF PoP decisions.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a network configuration in which S 510 corresponds to a set of database components which are indirectly accessible but not directly accessible by an entity which initiates the query, for example a customer, application, V-DBMS service, or the like, R 520 corresponds to a set of database components which are directly accessible, D 530 corresponds to a set of database components which belong to a set of intermediate access nodes from which S can be accessed directly, V 540 corresponds to a NFV-enabled container node set at which additional nodes may potentially be instantiated in support of the query execution, and F 550 corresponds to a (possibly unitary) set indicating the destination for the query result.
  • S 510 corresponds to a set of database components which are indirectly accessible but not directly accessible by an entity which initiates the query, for example a customer, application, V-DBMS service, or the like
  • R 520 corresponds to a set of database components which are directly accessible
  • D 530 corresponds to a set of database components which
  • the database components in each set may correspond to hardware resources at which particular data of the database resides, for example.
  • S, R and D may correspond to the same sets S, R and D of FIGS. 4A to 4D .
  • the set naming convention of FIG. 5 may be self-contained.
  • the problem of determining a desirably efficient solution indicating the Points of Presence for VNFs used in support of a query execution plan can be cast as follows. For nodes l and k belonging to the sets S, R, D, V and F, let y l,k denote the presence of a link between node l and node k. Further, for nodes j belonging to the sets V and F, let x j denote the presence of a target node which is instantiated and used for performing join-type operations. Such a node j may be similar to the node 5 as illustrated in FIG. 4D .
  • the optimization problem involves determining a suitable set of decision variables which substantially maximizes (or substantially minimizes) a given objective function, optionally subject to a given set of constraints.
  • the PoP decision is indicative of nodes at which to instantiate certain VNFs, such VNFs supporting SQL operations, as well as links between nodes to be provisioned for passing information such as database tables.
  • link provisioning may be performed via SDN, while VNF instantiation may be performed via NFV.
  • the optimization may account for factors such as latency between nodes, anticipated traffic generated between nodes, cost of traffic between nodes, and maximum allowable traffic rates. For example, for nodes i and j belonging to the sets S, R, D, V and F, let d i,j represent the latency between pairs of nodes, q i,j represent the traffic volume transferred from node i to node j in support of the query execution, c i,j represent the per-unit cost of traffic transfer from node i to node j, and T j represent the maximum incoming traffic rate allowed at node j.
  • the optimization problem can thus be expressed as follows:
  • O(x,y) reflects a cost function reflecting a weighted sum of both latency of a given proposed solution and traffic volume associated with the proposed solution.
  • the weighting factors ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 can be adjusted.
  • the objective function may be adjusted in various ways, for example to weight different portions of the objective function differently, to introduce terms such as those reflected in the constraints, or to introduce other objective terms such as those reflecting a number of nodes, a number of links, impacts on the network, and the like.
  • C 1 (x) reflects the constraint that, if an aggregation node x j is instantiated in set V, then the incoming traffic rate from all nodes in D and R that are connected to this aggregation node should respect the maximum allowable rate to same.
  • C 2 (y) reflects the constraint that the number of links between nodes in S and nodes in D should be no greater than the size of S. As such, the number of links out of set S is limited for efficiency. In some embodiments, this constraint may be relaxed, discarded, or replaced by a different constraint.
  • C 3 (y) reflects the constraint that the fan-out from each node l belonging to the set S of indirectly accessible database components, should be exactly one. As such, nodes in S should connect to exactly one node in D. In some embodiments, this constraint may be relaxed, discarded, or replaced by a different constraint.
  • C 4 (x) reflects the constraint that there should be only one instantiation of a node x j in set V or F, for example a node which receives and joins data from other nodes.
  • this constraint may be relaxed, discarded, or replaced by a different constraint.
  • a limited number of such nodes, greater than one, may be allowed.
  • Such nodes may be characterized as aggregation nodes.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates operation of an embodiment of the present invention relative to a network architecture.
  • the network includes a data plane 610 and a control plane 620 .
  • the data plane carries user and application traffic while the control plane controls software defined topology for the virtual network.
  • the control plane may include the SDT module 625 .
  • the control plane may instantiate 630 a V-DBMS service 615 , for example using the SDT module.
  • a query initiator 635 such as an application or a V-DBMS user, submits a query to the query response module 640 of the V-DBMS.
  • the query initiator 635 may be a client device such as a mobile device, application operating on network infrastructure computing equipment, or the like.
  • the query response module 640 may be an apparatus provided within the network.
  • the query response module may comprise a dedicated networked information processing device or an application running on network infrastructure equipment.
  • the query response module may run in a virtualized environment or directly on a predetermined computing device.
  • the query response module 640 requests 645 the SDT module 625 to create a virtual query execution service 650 for the query.
  • the SDT module 645 instantiates 647 such a service and notifies the query response module 640 .
  • the query response module 640 triggers the execution of the virtual query execution service 650 .
  • results are returned to the query response module and/or directly to the query initiator 635 .
  • the results are based on the query response.
  • the query response module may inform the SDT module 625 to terminate the virtual query execution service.
  • the present invention may be implemented by using hardware only or by using software and a necessary universal hardware platform. Based on such understandings, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product.
  • the software product may be stored in a non-volatile or non-transitory storage medium, which can be a compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), USB flash disk, or a removable hard disk.
  • the software product includes a number of instructions that enable a computer device (personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention. For example, such an execution may correspond to a simulation of the logical operations as described herein.
  • the software product may additionally or alternatively include number of instructions that enable a computer device to execute operations for configuring or programming a digital logic apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • Such computer resources utilize, at a hardware level, a set of one or more microprocessors operatively coupled to a corresponding set of memory components which include stored program instructions for execution by the microprocessors.
  • Computing resources may be used to provide virtual computing resources at one or more levels of virtualization. For example, one or more given generic computer hardware platforms may be used to provide one or more virtual computing machines.
  • Computer hardware such as processor resources, memory, and the like, may also be virtualized in order to provide resources from which further virtual computing machines are built.
  • a set of computing resources which are allocatable for providing various computing resources which in turn are used to realize various computing components of a system may be regarded as providing a distributed computing system, the internal architecture of which may be configured in various ways.

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