US2016674A - Centrifugal cast iron pipe - Google Patents
Centrifugal cast iron pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2016674A US2016674A US697695A US69769533A US2016674A US 2016674 A US2016674 A US 2016674A US 697695 A US697695 A US 697695A US 69769533 A US69769533 A US 69769533A US 2016674 A US2016674 A US 2016674A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cast iron
- iron
- silicon
- pipe
- carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 33
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZKSQHBGSFZJRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[C].[Fe] Chemical compound [Si].[C].[Fe] ZKSQHBGSFZJRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021483 silicon-carbon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in centrifugal cast iron pipes and more particularly to a compound .cast iron pipe consisting of two layers and requiring no annealing so that a great labor and fuel cost can be saved, and has for its object to provide in'one operation, cast iron pipes without a chilled skin which has been'the fatal defect, from the economical standpoint, of ordinary centrifugal cast iron pipes made of a single layer.
- a compound cast iron pipe can be manufactured by means of a suitable centrifugal casting machine without chilling its outer surface which comes into contact with the mold by using cast iron of a special high silicon content for the outer layer, while' the inner layer con- 40 sists of ordinary cast iron, or of a high grade pearlitic cast iron.
- the iron constituting the outer layer of'the pipe contains 3.0 to 4.5% of carbon and 5 to 2.5% of silicon, the total sum of both elements amounting as high as 6.5 to 8%, while the iron constituting the inside layer may be of an ordinary cast iron or of high grade pearlitic cast iron containing 2.5 'to- 3.5% of carbon, 1.0 to 2.5% of silicon, 0.5 to 2.0% manganese and 0.3 to'1.5%
- trough is now turned at a certain angle so that the greater part of the molten metal may be poured into the mold.
- about 32 kgs. of 10 molten metal of ordinary cast iron or of high grade cast iron which constitutes the inner layer is'supplied at a temperature of about 1400 C. into the trough held at the tilted position and poured into the mold without interrupting the flow 15 of the high silicon iron and the last metal remaining in the trough is drained off by turning over the trough completely.
- the cast-iron pipe thus obtained presents no chilled skin on its outer surface whichcomes into 20 direct contact with the metallic mold.
- the thickness of the high silicon iron making the outer layer is about 4 mm. and that of the inner layer is about 6 mm., though it is diflicult to define the thickness of both 25 layers separately'since they are fused together at their boundary into a homogeneous iron of an intermediate composition.
- the relative thickness of both layers can of course be varied ac-' cording to the manufacturing condition, and the 30 above numerical example is taken only for the purpose of illustration.
- the casting temperature of. the molten iron, the thickness of the'mold, its cooling speed'and. other. casting con- 35 ditions should be properly adjusted corresponding to the size of a pipe. I
- the high silicon iron having the compositions mentioned above was found in my investigations tohave a, peculiar property in that it presents 40 without combined carbon when it is cast in a chill'mold, while it presents pearlite-graphite-structure with varying amount of combined carbon when it is cast into a dry sand mold, and the compound iron 45 pipes made by the present inventionrequire no annealing, which is a great merit when it is compared with the ordinary centrifugal cast iron pipes with chilled skin which afterward require annealing. Besides this merit I can now use a 50 high grade cast iron or a semi-steel pearlitic cast iron which has great stren th for the inside layer. because there is no fear ofproducing a chilled layer of, too great thickness.
- the compound iron pipe has a good strength and a soft skin which can be easily machined-
- a I can save both fuel and labor cost necessary for the annealing of ordinary centrifugal cast iron pipes.
- the cast iron pipes made according to the present invention can be profitably used for the pipe lines used for aqueducts, gas supply mains and for the supporting poles for trolley wires etc. plied to the casting of a cylindrical body such as a bomb shell and projectiles made by the centrif ugal process.
- a cast iron pipe having two difierent mutually welded layers and made directly into a finished product free from any chilled effects. wholly by a. centrifugal process in a single trough so as to avoid annealing, in which pipe the outer layer consists of a cast iron alloy containing 3.0 to 4.5% of carbo'n'and 6 to 2.8% of-silicon,.the total sum of the-carbon and silicon being 6.5 to 8.5%, which will prevent a chilled effect in said outer layer", and its inner layer consists of an ordinary grey cast iron.
- the invention may also be economically apcon, 0.5 to 2.5% of manganese and 0.3 to 1.5% of phosphorus.
- a centrifugally cast iron pipe directly produced as a finished unchilled product in a single trough comprising in combination, an outerworkable layer of a cast iron carbon-silicon alloy which without annealing is free from any chilled effect directly when cast, and an inner layer of gray cast iron which is thicker than the outer layer.
- a centrifugally' cast iron pipe directly pro-' quinted'as a-'finished unchilled product in a single trough comprising in combination, an outer W01 1;- able layer of a cast iron carbon-silicon alloy which without annealing is free from any chilled effect directly when cast and contains from 3% to 4.5% of carbon and from 6 to 2.5% of silicon, the total sum of carbon and silicon ranging from 6.5% to 8.5% of the alloy, and an inner layer of high quality cast iron which is thicker than said outer layer and contains from 2.5% to 3.5% of carbon, from 1% to 2.5% of silicon, from 0.5% to 2.5% of manganeseand from 0.3% to 1.5% of phosphorus.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Description
Patented Oct. 8, 1935 UNITED STATES 'CENTRIFUGAL CAST IRON PIPE Matsujiro Hamasumi, Sendai, Japan No Drawing.
Serial No. 697,695. 1932 This invention relates to improvements in centrifugal cast iron pipes and more particularly to a compound .cast iron pipe consisting of two layers and requiring no annealing so that a great labor and fuel cost can be saved, and has for its object to provide in'one operation, cast iron pipes without a chilled skin which has been'the fatal defect, from the economical standpoint, of ordinary centrifugal cast iron pipes made of a single layer.
There are various machines and methods of manufacturing cast iron pipes by centrifugal casting machines. In such knownmachines or methods the mold revolving at high speed is made of a strong iron cylinder, cooled externally by a water jacket, and hence the outer surface of the cast iron pipe cast in the mold is chilled into white cast iron of great hardness so that it can never be machined or worked. The pipes should be annealed or heated toa high temperature to soften o'r graphitize the outer skin consisting of white cast iron. In annealing such pipes, if the pipe is supported horizontally in the annealing furnace it would be bent and if the pipe is hung in a vertlcal position it might be broken due to its own weight which makes it technically necessary to increase the thickness-of the pipe. Accordingly at the presentstate, especially in countries where labor cost is low the ordinary centrifugal'cast iron pipes could not be manufactured economcally.
In order to overcome all such defects and introduce several advantages, I now propose an invention by'which a compound cast iron pipe can be manufactured by means of a suitable centrifugal casting machine without chilling its outer surface which comes into contact with the mold by using cast iron of a special high silicon content for the outer layer, while' the inner layer con- 40 sists of ordinary cast iron, or of a high grade pearlitic cast iron.
In order to attain the objects of the present invention, the iron constituting the outer layer of'the pipe contains 3.0 to 4.5% of carbon and 5 to 2.5% of silicon, the total sum of both elements amounting as high as 6.5 to 8%, while the iron constituting the inside layer may be of an ordinary cast iron or of high grade pearlitic cast iron containing 2.5 'to- 3.5% of carbon, 1.0 to 2.5% of silicon, 0.5 to 2.0% manganese and 0.3 to'1.5%
phosphorus.
In carrying the present invention into effect an example is taken for the purpose of illustration. An iron mold having an inner diameter of 10 cm. and an outer diameter of 14 cm. and about 4 ferrite-graphite-structure Application November 11, 1933,
In Japan December 12, I
5 Claims. (01. 29-182) meters long is rotated at about 800 R. P. M., a steel trough with refractory lining is inserted through the mold and the molten iron of the above mentioned high silicon content to an amount of about 24 kilograms is poured into the 5 trough at a temperature of about 1500 C. The
trough is now turned at a certain angle so that the greater part of the molten metal may be poured into the mold. When the main part of the high silicon iron is poured, about 32 kgs. of 10 molten metal of ordinary cast iron or of high grade cast iron which constitutes the inner layer is'supplied at a temperature of about 1400 C. into the trough held at the tilted position and poured into the mold without interrupting the flow 15 of the high silicon iron and the last metal remaining in the trough is drained off by turning over the trough completely.
The cast-iron pipe thus obtained presents no chilled skin on its outer surface whichcomes into 20 direct contact with the metallic mold. In the above example the thickness of the high silicon iron making the outer layer is about 4 mm. and that of the inner layer is about 6 mm., though it is diflicult to define the thickness of both 25 layers separately'since they are fused together at their boundary into a homogeneous iron of an intermediate composition. The relative thickness of both layers can of course be varied ac-' cording to the manufacturing condition, and the 30 above numerical example is taken only for the purpose of illustration. In practice the thickness of the inner and outer layers, the casting temperature of. the molten iron, the thickness of the'mold, its cooling speed'and. other. casting con- 35 ditions should be properly adjusted corresponding to the size of a pipe. I
The high silicon iron having the compositions mentioned above was found in my investigations tohave a, peculiar property in that it presents 40 without combined carbon when it is cast in a chill'mold, while it presents pearlite-graphite-structure with varying amount of combined carbon when it is cast into a dry sand mold, and the compound iron 45 pipes made by the present inventionrequire no annealing, which is a great merit when it is compared with the ordinary centrifugal cast iron pipes with chilled skin which afterward require annealing. Besides this merit I can now use a 50 high grade cast iron or a semi-steel pearlitic cast iron which has great stren th for the inside layer. because there is no fear ofproducing a chilled layer of, too great thickness.
By combining the high silicon non-chilling iron outside with the strong pearliticcast iron inside,
' the compound iron pipe has a good strength and a soft skin which can be easily machined- Thus a I can save both fuel and labor cost necessary for the annealing of ordinary centrifugal cast iron pipes. The cast iron pipes made according to the present invention can be profitably used for the pipe lines used for aqueducts, gas supply mains and for the supporting poles for trolley wires etc. plied to the casting of a cylindrical body such as a bomb shell and projectiles made by the centrif ugal process.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is
1. A cast iron pipe having two difierent mutually welded layers and made directly into a finished product free from any chilled effects. wholly by a. centrifugal process in a single trough so as to avoid annealing, in which pipe the outer layer consists of a cast iron alloy containing 3.0 to 4.5% of carbo'n'and 6 to 2.8% of-silicon,.the total sum of the-carbon and silicon being 6.5 to 8.5%, which will prevent a chilled effect in said outer layer", and its inner layer consists of an ordinary grey cast iron.
2. A centrifugally cast and unchilled cast iron pipe directly produced in a single trough .as a finished unchilled product,'comprising in combination, two mutually welded different layers of cast iron alloys mutually welded together, of which the outer layer contains 3.0 to 4.5% of carbon and 6 to 2.5% of silicon, the total sum of. carbon and silicon beinglimited to,6.5 to 8.5%,.and the inner layer consists of a high grade cast iron containing 2.5 to 3.5% of carbon, 1.0 to-2.5% of sili- The invention may also be economically apcon, 0.5 to 2.5% of manganese and 0.3 to 1.5% of phosphorus.
3. A centrifugally cast iron pipe directly produced as a finished unchilled product in a single trough, comprising in combination, an outerworkable layer of a cast iron carbon-silicon alloy which without annealing is free from any chilled effect directly when cast, and an inner layer of gray cast iron which is thicker than the outer layer.
of carbon and from 6 to 2.8% of silicon, the total sum of carbon and silicon ranging from 6.5% to 8.5% of the alloy, and an inner gray cast iron layer-of high quality which is thicker than said outer layer and provides the necessary strength for said pipe.
5. A centrifugally' cast iron pipe directly pro-' duced'as a-'finished unchilled product in a single trough comprising in combination, an outer W01 1;- able layer of a cast iron carbon-silicon alloy which without annealing is free from any chilled effect directly when cast and contains from 3% to 4.5% of carbon and from 6 to 2.5% of silicon, the total sum of carbon and silicon ranging from 6.5% to 8.5% of the alloy, and an inner layer of high quality cast iron which is thicker than said outer layer and contains from 2.5% to 3.5% of carbon, from 1% to 2.5% of silicon, from 0.5% to 2.5% of manganeseand from 0.3% to 1.5% of phosphorus.
MATSUJIRO HAMASUMI.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016674X | 1932-12-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2016674A true US2016674A (en) | 1935-10-08 |
Family
ID=16444894
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US697695A Expired - Lifetime US2016674A (en) | 1932-12-12 | 1933-11-11 | Centrifugal cast iron pipe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2016674A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2480284A (en) * | 1943-12-23 | 1949-08-30 | Cie De Pont A Mousson | Apparatus for making pipes of small diameter by centrifugal casting |
| US20110017021A1 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2011-01-27 | Bronislaw Jerzy Minko | Lance for injecting solid material into a vessel |
-
1933
- 1933-11-11 US US697695A patent/US2016674A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2480284A (en) * | 1943-12-23 | 1949-08-30 | Cie De Pont A Mousson | Apparatus for making pipes of small diameter by centrifugal casting |
| US20110017021A1 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2011-01-27 | Bronislaw Jerzy Minko | Lance for injecting solid material into a vessel |
| US8613790B2 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2013-12-24 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | Lance for injecting solid material into a vessel |
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