US20160365886A1 - Systems And Methods To Control Transmit Power And Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) For Wireless Devices - Google Patents
Systems And Methods To Control Transmit Power And Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) For Wireless Devices Download PDFInfo
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- US20160365886A1 US20160365886A1 US14/734,508 US201514734508A US2016365886A1 US 20160365886 A1 US20160365886 A1 US 20160365886A1 US 201514734508 A US201514734508 A US 201514734508A US 2016365886 A1 US2016365886 A1 US 2016365886A1
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- transmit power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
- H04B1/3833—Hand-held transceivers
- H04B1/3838—Arrangements for reducing RF exposure to the user, e.g. by changing the shape of the transceiver while in use
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
- H04W52/14—Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
- H04W52/146—Uplink power control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/36—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
- H04W52/367—Power values between minimum and maximum limits, e.g. dynamic range
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to information handling systems and, more particularly, to wireless transmission from information handling systems.
- An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of the information.
- information handling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated.
- the variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications.
- information handling systems may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems.
- SAR Specific absorption rate refers to the rate at which radio frequency (RF) energy is absorbed by the human body, and is used to measure the power absorbed from mobile wireless devices such as cell phones, tablet computers, and notebook computers.
- RF radio frequency
- Many government agencies around the world have set maximum allowable SAR value limits for such mobile devices when in use.
- a mobile device has been provided with a single capacitive proximity sensor that detects close proximity of an object such as a human body.
- a processor within the mobile device has then been used to reduce wireless RF transmission power from the mobile device when the capacitive proximity sensor detects close proximity of a nearby object, but to allow higher RF transmission power in the absence of the detection of a nearby object.
- Current methods and implementations for controlling SAR utilize a single capacitive proximity sensor to control only the power transmitted from the main WWAN/LTE transmit antenna of a wireless device, and employ a binary detection mechanism to control wireless RF transmission power based only on either detection or non-detection of a nearby object. Since the capacitive proximity sensor cannot reliably distinguish between a human body and a non-human object proximity trigger event, wireless transmission performance from the device can needlessly suffer when transmit power is reduced due to the detected nearby presence of a non-human object.
- a wireless-enabled information handling system platform e.g., mobile wireless device such as tablet or notebook computer, smart phone, etc.
- the disclosed systems and methods may be so implemented to be more robust than conventional SAR solutions employed for mobile devices.
- the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented in one embodiment to avoid the poor performance and user experience that results from a reduction in the information handling system platform radio transmit power when it is not necessary (due to false detection of a human body), or that results when the platform transmit power is reduced too much and/or too quickly when nearby proximity of an actual human body is detected.
- the disclosed systems and methods may employ smart usage of combinations of sensors to increase proximity detection field of view and to reduce or substantially eliminate false proximity detection positives and in one embodiment meet FCC or other governmental agency SAR requirements for RF exposure without significant platform performance degradation of wireless feature/s.
- the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented in one exemplary embodiment to reliably detect the difference between nearby proximity of an actual human body and a non-human proximity trigger event, and without the need for multiple peripherally-located capacitive SAR sensors located to distinguish between human body and non-human proximity, e.g., such as 4 to 6 capacitive proximity sensors located around the periphery of a wireless tablet device (depending on the size of the tablet device) or other such smart form-factor, which may drive increased complexity, increased cost and require more space for additional capacitive electrodes with associated industrial design and mechanical engineering impacts.
- the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented in a scalable manner for reliable human proximity detection as opposed to capacitive proximity sensing technology which may require increased distance between the multiple capacitive sensing electrodes and sensor integrated circuits needed, leading to increased susceptibility to noise and reduction in proximity detection performance.
- the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented to control SAR resulting from multiple transmit antennas of a single wireless-enabled information handling system platform, including relatively small sized wireless platforms having multiple transmit antennas.
- This capability is advantageous given the current trend of increased number of transmit antennas supported by a single wireless platform device coupled together with the current trend of decreasing the typical physical wireless device size, e.g., such that SAR conformance is also required for Wi-Fi emissions.
- Examples of system platform types and environments with which the disclosed systems and methods may be advantageously implemented to meet FCC or other governmental agency SAR requirements for RF signal exposure without significant degradation of the wireless performance include, but are not limited to handheld end user computing (EuC) systems such as tablet-first designs.
- EUC handheld end user computing
- the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented using multiple different types of sensors provided on board an information handling system.
- these different types of sensors may include all the existing sensors that are provided in a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) information handling system platform to more intelligently control SAR emissions from the platform.
- COTS commercial-off-the-shelf
- smart usage of various combinations of multiple sensors may be implemented to increase proximity detection field of view around an information handling system platform, and may be further implemented to reduce or substantially eliminate occurrence of false positive identification of a nearby human user that requires SAR RF transmit power reduction.
- a fusion of multiple sensors of a wireless-enabled information handling system platform may be used to provide a more detailed system and environment view of the device platform to enable intelligent and dynamic SAR control configurations.
- one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods may utilize knowledge of a wireless device usage profile (e.g., stored in system memory) for a given wireless information handling system to predict likelihood of SAR trigger events for that given information handling system.
- the scope of SAR control may be extended, e.g., by using one or more additional sensor/s or other type devices that are located on some other (proximity adjacent) objects rather than on the information handling system platform itself to determine proximity of a human user to a mobile device antennae of concern.
- Such off-platform devices may communicate with processing devices of the information handling system, for example, via wired or wireless communication (e.g., Bluetooth RF signal communication, optical communication such as infrared signals, near field communication signals, etc.).
- Examples of such other objects include, but are not limited to, the body of the current use of the information handling system (e.g., such as using a capacitive, other type proximity sensor or short range RF transmitter located on a user-wearable component that communicates proximity-indicative signals to the system platform that may contain sensed proximity distance values or that may have a received signal strength that varies with proximity to the system platform), or a nearby notebook computer (e.g., the nearby proximity of a human user's body to a cellular phone system platform may be positively detected and reported to processing device/s of the system platform when the user generates input signals by typing on the keyboard of a notebook computer that is wirelessly tethered via Bluetooth to the cellular phone wireless device that is in turn transmitting via Wireless Wide Area Network “WWAN” RF cellular signals).
- WWAN Wireless Wide Area Network
- thermo sensors such as thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) or thermistors for thermal sensing (e.g., mapping variations in sensed temperature due to contact of a user's human tissue with the platform at different temperature); 2) motion detector to detect motion (e.g., if a mobile information handling system platform has been motionless for a certain period of time then it may be assumed that the platform is not currently being held by a human being); 3) display touch sensor (e.g., detecting a user holding a touch screen display device by using edge touch detection to determine the location of a user's hands and/or fingers when the user is holding the mobile device, and if no touch activity has been reported from the touch screen for a specified period of time and there is IP traffic then it may be assumed that the touch screen display device is
- an information handling system platform including: multiple sensors that are each configured to react to a proximity of a human user to the system platform by producing a sensor output signal that is indicative of a proximity distance of the human user to the system platform; one or more antenna elements; at least one transmitter coupled to the one or more antenna elements and configured to transmit radio frequency (RF) signals from each of the antenna elements; and at least one processing device coupled to the transmitter, the processing device being coupled to receive the sensor output signals of the multiple sensors and to determine a real time object proximity detection distance from each of the multiple sensor output signals.
- the at least one processing device of the system platform may be further configured to control the transmitter to reduce RF transmit power according to at least one proximity distance sensing profile that defines a relationship between RF transmit power reduction and the determined object proximity detection distance according to the multiple sensor outputs.
- a method of operating an information handling system platform including: using multiple sensors of the information handling system platform to detect a proximity of a human user to the system platform by producing a sensor output signal that is indicative of a proximity distance of the human user to the system platform; using at least one processing device of the information handling system platform to receive the sensor output signals of the multiple sensors and to determine a real time object proximity detection distance from each of the multiple sensor output signals; and using the at least one processing device of the information handling system platform to control a transmitter of the information handling system platform to reduce RF transmit power from one or more antennas of the information handling system platform according to at least one proximity distance sensing profile that defines a relationship between RF transmit power reduction and the determined object proximity detection distance according to the multiple sensor outputs.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of a wireless-enabled information handling system platform according to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods.
- FIG. 1B illustrates examples of multiple sensors for an information handing system platform according to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of SAR control components of an information handling system platform according one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram showing operational aspects of SAR control logic components of an information handling system platform according one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods.
- FIG. 4 illustrates methodology according one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods.
- FIG. 5 illustrates RF transmit power reduction for multiple sensors as a function of human body proximity distance to an information handling system platform according to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a zone of uncertainty of RF transmit power reduction for a given actual proximity detection distance according to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a fitted curve of RF transmit power reduction as a function of actual human body proximity detection distance according to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods.
- FIG. 8 illustrates ranges of RF transmit power reduction levels assigned to different human body proximity detection distance thresholds defined in a fitted curve for multiple sensors.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of a wireless-enabled information handling system platform 100 that in this exemplary embodiment is configured as a tablet computer.
- a tablet computer is illustrated, it will be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented with any other type of wireless-enabled information handling system having integral or on-board RF antenna/s including, for example, portable or mobile information handling systems such as notebook computers, laptop computers, smart phones, PDA's, etc.
- information handling system platform 100 includes integrated RF antennas 102 a and 102 b , which are each coupled to a transmitter that includes respective RF tuner 104 a or 104 b and radio front end 106 as shown.
- separate tuners 104 a and 104 b are configured to modify the operating characteristics of the separate antenna elements 102 a and 102 b , respectively, based on the operating state of the baseband processor 108 and radio front end 106 , e.g., based on the current frequency band or RF channel in use.
- Circuitry of RF tuners 104 and radio front end 106 is configured to perform intermediate frequency (IF) to RF up conversion mixing and RF processing tasks for outgoing transmitted signals to antennas 102 , and vice-versa (including down conversion) for incoming received signals from antennas 102 .
- IF intermediate frequency
- front end 106 may perform up conversion and down conversion between RF and other suitable frequencies for processing by baseband processing device or processor 108 , e.g., such as zero-IF frequency, baseband frequency, etc.
- baseband processor 108 e.g., digital signal processor “DSP” or other suitable RF module or processing device/s
- DSP digital signal processor
- Baseband processor 108 may be configured to manage RF signal transmission and reception, as well as to perform tasks including signal processing, encoding, frequency shifting and/or modulation operations to provide transmitted information in outgoing signals based on digital data provided by application processor 110 , and to perform signal processing, decoding, frequency shifting and/or demodulation operations to obtain the message content in the incoming signals as digital data to provide to application processor 110 .
- Application processor 110 may in one embodiment be a host processing device (e.g., such Intel or AMD-based central processing unit “CPU”) or other suitable type of processing device configured to execute a host operating system (OS) and to exchange outgoing and incoming and outgoing digital data with baseband processor 108 .
- Application processor 110 may be coupled as shown to main system memory 111 (e.g., dynamic random access memory “DRAM” or other suitable type of system memory), and to system storage 113 (e.g., media drive/s such as magnetic hard drive/s or optical storage drive/s, solid state drive/s “SSD”, other non-volatile memory device/s, etc.).
- main system memory 111 e.g., dynamic random access memory “DRAM” or other suitable type of system memory
- system storage 113 e.g., media drive/s such as magnetic hard drive/s or optical storage drive/s, solid state drive/s “SSD”, other non-volatile memory device/s, etc.
- Such storage and memory devices may also be accessible to
- Application processor 110 may also be configured to execute an operating system (OS) such as Microsoft Windows-based, Linux-based, Apple OS-based or other suitable operating system, as well as to execute applications and system BIOS for system platform 100 .
- OS operating system
- application processor 110 may be coupled (e.g., via a platform controller hub “PCH”) to one or more I/O devices or circuitry of system 100 including, but not limited to, video display circuitry, touch-sensitive circuitry or touch pad or keyboard for accepting user input, audio amplifier circuitry and system speaker/s, system microphone, etc.
- PCH platform controller hub
- a co-processor 112 may be an integrated component provided within a fusion hub as illustrated.
- a co-processor may be a dedicated processing device component that is used instead of a fusion hub processing component.
- co-processor 112 may be a system-on-a-chip (SoC) that includes an Advanced RISC Machines (ARM)-based processor, although any other suitable type of co-processor or other type of processing device/s may be alternatively employed. It is also possible that the operational tasks of co-processor 112 may also be performed by an application processor 110 or other type of single processor, or may be divided or partitioned between multiple different processing devices of a system 100 . It will be understood that multiple sensors 120 coupled to co-processor 112 may be any combination of different sensor types that are configured or otherwise capable of detecting or otherwise reacting to the nearby proximity of a human user to system platform 100 by producing a sensor output signal that is indicative of the nearby proximity of the human user.
- SoC system-on-a-chip
- ARM Advanced RISC Machines
- FIG. 1B illustrates multiple on-platform sensors 120 that may be coupled to provide sensor output signals to co-processor 112 of information handling system platform 100 , with specific examples of particular types of sensors 120 being listed in FIG. 1B .
- Each of sensors 120 may be co-located or integral to system platform 100 and coupled internally to its other components, or may be positioned external to system platform 100 and coupled to components of system by suitable external I/O ports.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the SAR control components of system platform 100 , showing a more detailed interrelation of example types of multiple sensors 120 with co-processor 112 that each have different proximity detection distance threshold characteristics. As shown in FIG.
- suitable sensors 120 may include, but are not limited to, camera/s 120 a , motion sensor/s 120 b , light sensor/s 120 c , environment/health sensor/s 120 d , acoustic sensor/s 120 e , infrared (IR) sensor/s 120 f (such as IR camera/s), capacitive proximity sensor/s 120 g , and fingerprint sensor/s 120 h . It will be understood that this list of possible sensor types is not exhaustive, and that other additional or alternative sensor types may be operatively employed in a system platform 100 . Moreover, not all of the types of sensors 120 illustrated in FIG. 1B need be present, and/or two or more a given type of sensor 120 may be operatively employed in a given system platform 100 .
- FIG. 1B also illustrates optional off-platform devices 155 that may be located on some other (proximity adjacent) objects rather than on the information handling system platform 100 itself, but nonetheless used by information handling system 100 to determine proximity of a human user to a mobile device antennae 120 of concern.
- Such off-platform devices 155 may communicate with processing devices of the information handling system platform 100 , for example, via wired or wireless communication (e.g., Bluetooth RF signal communication, optical communication such as infrared signals, near field communication signals, etc.).
- wired or wireless communication e.g., Bluetooth RF signal communication, optical communication such as infrared signals, near field communication signals, etc.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, a capacitive, other type proximity sensor or short range RF transmitter located on a user-wearable component 157 that communicates proximity-indicative wireless signals to the system platform that may contain sensed proximity distance information itself or that may be received by information handling system 100 with a received signal strength that varies according to the proximity to the system platform 100 ); or a nearby notebook computer 159 having a keyboard that may be used to detect the nearby proximity of a human user's body to information handling system platform 100 when it is tethered nearby to notebook computer 159 by wirelessly reporting user typing activity on the keyboard of a notebook computer to processing device/s of the system platform 100 when the user generates input signals by typing on the keyboard of a notebook computer 159 .
- a capacitive, other type proximity sensor or short range RF transmitter located on a user-wearable component 157 that communicates proximity-indicative wireless signals to the system platform that may contain sensed proximity distance information itself or that may be received by information handling system 100 with a received signal strength that
- co-processor 112 may be configured to contain a proximity-sensing engine that acts as the proximity-sensing brain of the fusion hub.
- the proximity-sensing engine may be the core logic that is configured to perform operations to process a proximity sensing algorithm 210 .
- the proximity-sensing engine may be configured to execute the proximity sensor algorithm 210 (e.g., as a proximity sensing library and application programming interface “API”), issue commands and receive interrupts from the array of sensors 120 that are used for measuring proximity of nearby human users, and to produce a SAR power control command 260 that is provided through application processor 110 to baseband processor 108 as shown.
- Baseband processor 108 is in turn configured to execute dynamic power reduction control logic 220 that is configured to receive the SAR power control command 260 and based thereon to produce a SAR power level control signal 270 that is provided to circuitry of RF tuners 104 and radio front end 106 to control the RF transmission power level for RF signals transmitted from antenna 102 at any given time.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram showing operational aspects of the various SAR control logic components of system platform 100 .
- application processor 110 is configured to execute a connectivity application which operates to cause uploading or downloading of data via RF signals received and transmitted by antenna 102 to a wireless network through baseband processor 108 and RF tuner and radio front end components of transmitter 104 / 106 in a manner as previously described.
- Connectivity application 110 may be any application (e.g., software, firmware, etc.) that executes to upload or download data to wireless network, for example, an Internet browser application, email application, software update application, etc.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram showing operational aspects of the various SAR control logic components of system platform 100 .
- application processor 110 is configured to execute a connectivity application which operates to cause uploading or downloading of data via RF signals received and transmitted by antenna 102 to a wireless network through baseband processor 108 and RF tuner and radio front end components of transmitter 104 / 106 in a manner as previously described.
- Connectivity application 110
- proximity sensor algorithm 210 is configured to execute as programmed logic on co-processor 112 , and is coupled to receive signals from connectivity application 110 that makes usage context manager component logic 302 of proximity sensor algorithm 210 aware of the current data transfer status (e.g., data uploading or data downloading operation for a given type of RF band and antenna 102 ) being performed by connectivity application 110 .
- Usage context manager component 302 in turn sets a transmit or receive usage context mode identifier 304 that indicates whether a RF transmission operation or reception operation is currently taking place on a given RF band on a given antenna/s 102 . It will be understood that the transmit or receive usage context mode identifier 304 may be further mapped and modified according to other aspects of the device usage, e.g., such as the device orientation of system platform 100 .
- multiple proximity distance sensing profiles 306 may be retrieved by proximity sensor algorithm 210 from storage in non-volatile memory (e.g., NVRAM) of co-processor 112 , or from any other suitable memory device accessible by co-processor 112 .
- each proximity sensing profile 306 may be defined based on a given radio transmit antenna 102 currently being used, with different profiles 306 applying to different respective antennas 102 .
- Each proximity sensing profile 306 may in turn define a relationship between RF transmit power reduction (e.g., as a percentage or fraction of maximum possible power transmission, as an offset from maximum power transmission wattage level, etc.) and determined nearby object proximity detection distance according to sensor outputs received as inputs by sensor fusion and calibration logic 310 of proximity sensor algorithm 210 from multiple system sensors 120 , e.g., sensors 120 a - 120 h .
- proximity sensor algorithm 210 may in turn dynamically communicate SAR power control commands 260 to baseband processor 108 .
- SAR power control commands 260 may be in the form of smart sensing fused sensor profile parameter values determined (e.g., for a given antenna or antennas 102 ) from a combination of fused sensor information (from sensor fusion and calibration logic 310 ) and proximity distance sensing profiles 306 .
- SAR power control commands 260 transmitted from proximity sensor algorithm 210 cause dynamic power reduction control logic 220 of baseband processor 108 to produce and provide a corresponding SAR power level control signal 270 to RF tuners 104 /radio front end 106 so as to implement usage context-based and proximity detection-based power reduction and to secure optimized performance while at the same time meeting SAR RF exposure requirements.
- RF tuners 104 /radio front end 106 are in turn configured to control RF transmission power level to a given antenna antennas 102 according to SAR power level control signal 270 provided for the given antenna/s 102 . In this manner, smart usage of various combinations of multiple sensors 120 may be employed to increase proximity detection field of view and elimination of false positives with respect to nearby human user detection.
- proximity sensor algorithm 210 may also be optionally configured to receive usage and environment change inputs 320 for system platform 100 , e.g., inputs such as provided from primary or secondary device usage modes as may be configured on the system platform device by a user.
- usage modes include, but are not limited to, tablet usage mode and notebook usage mode (e.g., in tablet usage mode the display orientation of system platform 100 may be either landscape or portrait orientation depending on current running application and/or on current physical orientation of the system platform 100 , while in notebook mode the display orientation may be fixed to be only landscape mode orientation), etc.
- Examples of such usage and environment change inputs 320 include, but are not limited to, information on environment and operational condition and/or mode changes (such as changes between convertible computer portable mode to stand mode and vice-versa, changes between portrait and landscape orientation for tablet computer system platform, etc.)
- Multiple different proximity sensing profiles 306 may in turn be defined that each correspond to a different one of multiple possible usage and/or environment modes and/or conditions.
- Proximity sensor algorithm logic 210 may optionally consider one or more usage and environment change input/s 320 together with fused sensor information to determine smart sensing fused sensor profile parameter values from proximity distance sensing profiles 306 .
- how a system platform is configured and used may be a primary input in determining the proximity distance profiles 306 .
- the system platform may be configured in several ways by a user. In some usage modes (such as notebook open mode or notebook closed mode) then the proximity sensing function may be disabled or put in a sleep state by proximity sensor algorithm 210 . However, if the system platform is configured (or reconfigured) in tablet mode by the user, it may be used in a number of orientations such as primary landscape, primary portrait, secondary landscape or secondary portrait. In each of these orientations proximity sensing be enabled by proximity sensor algorithm 210 , and may require separate proximity distance profiles 306 depending on the location of the sensors 120 and transmitting antennae 102 in the system
- resource management logic 308 may be executed as part of proximity sensing algorithm 210 by co-processor 112 to select among multiple sensor inputs 120 for purposes of managing and monitoring the resources required for the sensors 120 , such as the number and type of interfaces required, interrupt handling and sensor data buffering requirements etc.
- individual proximity distance profiles 306 may be associated with each transmit antenna 102 and/or sensor 120 of FIG. 2 based on upper and lower detection thresholds that are configurable by the proximity sensing engine of co-processor 112 . As previously mentioned, each of the multiple types of sensors of FIG. 2 may have different coarseness of proximity detection distance threshold.
- camera sensor/s 120 a may have the most coarse proximity detection distance threshold
- motion sensor/s 120 b e.g., accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.
- touch/gesture e.g., user hand-gesture
- barometric pressure sensor/s 120 d may have a relatively finer proximity detection distance threshold than touch/gesture sensor/s 120 c
- acoustic sensor/s 120 e may have a relatively finer proximity detection distance threshold than pressure sensor/s 120 d
- IR sensor/s 120 f may have a relatively closer proximity detection distance threshold than acoustic sensor/s 120 e
- capacitive proximity sensor/s 120 g may have a relatively finer proximity detection distance threshold than IR sensor/s 120 f
- fingerprint sensor/s 120 h may have a relatively finer proximity detection distance threshold
- individual sensor proximity distance sensing profiles 306 may be calibrated for each of the sensors 120 used for detection, e.g., using sensor fusion and calibration logic 310 .
- the proximity distances in each profile 306 may be updated by the proximity sensing engine of co-processor 112 to compensate for environmental drift.
- some sensors 120 may be subject to environmental drift (bias) that introduces errors and deviation from the original sensor calibrated levels. Such sensor drift of individual sensors 120 may cause changes in the proximity distance sensing profiles 306 and thus require compensation to correct for these errors.
- Sensor fusion and calibration logic 310 may be configured to implement automatic sensor calibration algorithms to address drift via frequent self-recalibration.
- FIG. 4 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of methodology 400 that may be employed to utilize multiple sensors 120 to intelligently control SAR produced from a wireless-enabled information handling system platform 100 .
- methodology 400 begins in step 402 where each of multiple sensors 120 of a particular configuration of information handling platform 100 is characterized for human body proximity detection distance (representing the actual distance of the closest part of a human body the information handling system platform) and corresponding RF transmit power reduction. This characterization may be performed in one embodiment using empirical measurements on an actual information handling system platform device 100 during development or manufacture of the information handling system platform 100 , e.g., such as in a development lab.
- Measurement characterization of step 402 may be performed for all main usage modes (e.g., such as tablet primary landscape and portrait modes) and radio transmit antennas 102 , e.g., such as antennas 102 a and 102 b of FIG. 1A .
- characterization of step 402 may be performed for information handling system platform device 100 and corresponding antennas 102 a and 102 b that are configured for transmission of WWAN RF signals (e.g., LTE, WiMAX or wireless metropolitan area network “WMAN”, GSM, cellular digital packet data (CDPD), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), CDMA2000, Mobitex, etc. signals), and/or Wi-Fi RF signals (e.g., 2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz 802.11x standards-based signals, etc.).
- WWAN RF signals e.g., LTE, WiMAX or wireless metropolitan area network “WMAN”, GSM, cellular digital packet data (CDPD), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), CD
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example of such characterization of each of multiple sensors 120 a - 120 g of the information handling system platform device of FIG. 2 for human body proximity detection distance (i.e., increasing distance in millimeters, centimeters, inches or other suitable measurement unit occurring from left to right on X-axis) and corresponding RF transmit power reduction (i.e., increasing percentage reduction in maximum transmit power occurring in upward direction on Y-axis) for one of antennas 120 operating in a given usage mode to meet SAR requirements, e.g., as specified by FCC 941225 D01 SAR testing procedure for 3G devices, FCC 941225 D05 SAR testing procedure for LTE Devices, FCC 941225 D06 SAR testing procedure for hotspot devices, FCC 941225 D07 UMPC testing procedures for mini tablet devices, etc.
- human body proximity detection distance i.e., increasing distance in millimeters, centimeters, inches or other suitable measurement unit occurring from left to right on X-axis
- each of different sensors 120 a - 120 g has a different individual sensor proximity distance sensing profile 306 that in this embodiment includes an individual sensor curve, and that has a different effective range of human body proximity detection distance, detection sensitivity, and corresponding indicated RF transmit power reduction amount for a given value of actual proximity distance of a human body to information handling system platform 100 that is indicated by X-axis value of FIG. 5 .
- each of sensors 120 may be configured to produce a sensor output signal that varies with different proximity distance of a human body to the system platform 100 (e.g., such as varying capacitance signal value, varying sound level signal value, varying barometric pressure level signal value level, varying motion level signal value, varying light level signal value, etc.). Further, as shown in FIG.
- each of sensors 120 may be assigned (e.g., based on empirical SAR compliance measurement for a corresponding transmitter during laboratory testing, or other suitable testing methodology) a varying indicated RF transmit power reduction amount that varies as a function of different proximity distances of a human body to the system platform 100 based on the varying value of its respective sensor output signal as the actual proximity distance of a human body to the system platform 100 (X-axis value) changes.
- FIG. 5 also illustrates that for the particular range of detection distances corresponding to dashed box 500 of FIG. 5 , a different amount of RF transmit power reduction is indicated by the overlap of the individual sensor curves of proximity distance sensing profiles 306 for different sensors 120 d and 120 e for the same range of actual detected human body proximity distances, i.e., with sensor 120 d indicating a larger reduction in RF transmit power than sensor 120 e for the same given value of determined actual proximity distance of a human body to information handling system platform 100 that falls within box 500 .
- more than one RF transmit power reduction value is indicated for a given actual distance determined from multiple overlapping sensors. This creates a zone of uncertainty 600 of required RF transmit power reduction for a given actual proximity detection distance as illustrated in FIG.
- Fingerprint sensor 120 h of FIG. 2 is not included in the characterization of FIG. 5 since it positively identifies proximity of a human finger touching information handling system platform 100 at a known distance for which a fixed and known SAR RF transmit power reduction value may be assigned.
- a blended relationship in the form of a fitted curve 700 of RF transmit power reduction as a function of actual human body proximity detection distance over the multiple sensors 120 a - 120 g may be created (e.g., in real time by proximity sensor algorithm 210 ) in step 404 for each antenna 102 and/or usage mode as illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- a blended multi-sensor curve fitting approach may be employed to smooth RF transmit power reduction steps over human body (e.g., human hand) proximity detection distances for each antenna 102 and/or usage mode.
- Fitted curve 700 may be determined using any suitable curve-fitting methodology from the individual RF transmit power reduction value profiles of the corresponding individual sensors 120 , e.g., such as a least squares method, total least squares method, interpolation between two consecutive sensor curves of FIG. 7 in the decreasing detection distance direction (i.e., in the right to left direction along X-axis of FIG. 7 ), interpolation between two consecutives curves of FIG. 7 in the increasing detection distance direction (i.e., in the left to right direction along X-axis of FIG. 7 ), etc.
- a least squares method total least squares method
- any other suitable type of blended relationship of different RF transmit power reduction values derived from different sensors as a function of proximity detection distance from the multiple sensors having different effective object distance detection ranges may be employed, e.g., such as a lookup table of blended power reduction values that are each calculated from the average RF transmit power reduction values for two or three sensors having adjacent effective object distance detection ranges.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the resulting ranges of RF transmit power reduction levels assigned to different human body proximity detection distance thresholds defined in the fitted curve 700 for the multiple sensors 120 a - 120 g as illustrated by the bracketed X-axis detection distance ranges of FIG. 8 .
- Each of these different human body proximity detection distance thresholds corresponds to only a given one of sensors 120 , and is to be used one at a time when the corresponding proximity distance detected by the given sensor falls within its corresponding distance range (i.e., so as to “hand off” RF transmit power reduction control between different successive sensors 120 as detection distance changes according to the indicated distance thresholds and corresponding bracketed X-axis detection distance ranges).
- the number and type of sensors 120 illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 are exemplary only, and that it is possible to selectively implement the proximity sensor algorithm 210 to utilize any specified subset of all the available sensors on a system platform, e.g., in real time or by pre-defined default selection.
- RF transmit power reduction range 800 (P 2 ) defined by fitted curve 700 is specified for the bracketed X-axis detection distance range assigned only to sensor 102 f between sensor brackets 102 e and 102 g as shown, with similar RF transmit power reduction ranges being individually specified for (and assigned to) each individual sensor 120 as indicated by the different bracketed detection distance ranges of the X-axis proximity detection distance denoted for each sensor 120 in FIG. 8 .
- a corresponding RF transmit power reduction range 800 (P 2 ) is indicated and defined by curve 700 .
- each different antenna 102 and/or usage mode may be assigned a different shaped curve 700 that corresponds to the required SAR transmit power reduction, and that each transmit antenna 102 and/or usage mode may be assigned such a curve as a proximity distance sensing profile 306 described previously in relation to FIG. 3 .
- proximity sensor algorithm 210 may be configured with the fitted proximity distance sensing profiles 306 for use by the proximity sensing library and API, which is configured to take inputs from all of multiple sensors 120 a - 120 g and to deliver corresponding smart sensing fused profile parameters corresponding to a given transmit antenna 102 to baseband radio processor 108 (or to each baseband radio processor 108 for system platforms 100 having multiple baseband radio processors 108 ).
- each baseband radio processor 108 is configured to register with and accept the smart sensing fused sensor profile parameters as input from proximity sensor algorithm 210 , and to use the smart sensing fused sensor profile parameters to control and optimize output power for the given transmit antenna 102 .
- step 410 smart sensing fused sensor profile parameter values 260 for a given antenna 102 and/or usage mode that are based on sensor inputs received from sensors 102 a - 102 g are delivered by proximity sensor algorithm 210 to baseband radio processor 108 .
- a radio driver in baseband processor 108 is configured to register with proximity sensing API of proximity sensor algorithm 210 to receive these smart sensing fused sensor profile parameter values 260 .
- dynamic power reduction control logic 220 of baseband radio processor 108 is configured to dynamically configure output power reduction (e.g., as a selected fraction of full transmit output power) by using the received smart sensing fused sensor profile parameter values 260 together with radio and antenna operating parameters as inputs for performance optimization for SAR RF power reduction during transmit usage mode determined by usage context manager 302 for a given antenna 102 .
- radio and antenna operating parameters used in step 412 may be, for example, the identity of the frequency band or frequency channel in use by the baseband processor 108 and radio front end 106 , and/or the tunable antenna band switching or impedance matching state, etc.
- such radio and antenna operating parameters may alter to a greater or lesser degree the amount of power reduction that is applied for SAR performance.
- step 414 dynamic power reduction control logic 220 of baseband radio processor 108 delivers the dynamic power adjustment as control signals 270 to the respective radio transmit chain (e.g., radio front end 106 and tuner 104 ) and given antenna 102 .
- the respective radio transmit chain e.g., radio front end 106 and tuner 104
- the respective radio transmit chain e.g., radio front end 106 and tuner 104
- the respective radio transmit chain e.g., radio front end 106 and tuner 104
- the respective radio transmit chain e.g., radio front end 106 and tuner 104
- the respective radio transmit chain e.g., radio front end 106 and tuner 104
- steps of methodology 400 are exemplary only, and that any other combination of additional, fewer and/or alternative steps may be employed that is suitable to implement utilize multiple sensors to intelligently control SAR produced from a wireless-enabled information handling system platform in the presence of a detected nearby human body. It will also be understood that the steps of methodology 400 may be implemented with configurations of RF transmission capable information handling system platform configurations other than that illustrated in relation to FIGS. 1-3 . Such alternative configurations include information handling system platforms that include only one transmit antenna 102 , that include multiple transmit antennas 102 and multiple baseband processors 108 (with corresponding radio transmit chains), etc.
- one or more of the tasks, functions, or methodologies described herein may be implemented by circuitry and/or by a computer program of instructions (e.g., computer readable code such as firmware code or software code) embodied in a non-transitory tangible computer readable medium (e.g., optical disk, magnetic disk, non-volatile memory device, etc.), in which the computer program comprising instructions are configured when executed (e.g., executed on a processing device of an information handling system such as CPU, controller, microcontroller, processor, microprocessor, FPGA, ASIC, or other suitable processing device) to perform one or more steps of the methodologies disclosed herein.
- a computer program of instructions e.g., computer readable code such as firmware code or software code
- a non-transitory tangible computer readable medium e.g., optical disk, magnetic disk, non-volatile memory device, etc.
- the computer program comprising instructions are configured when executed (e.g., executed on a processing device of an information handling system such as CPU, controller, micro
- a computer program of instructions may be stored in or on the non-transitory computer-readable medium accessible by an information handling system for instructing the information handling system to execute the computer program of instructions.
- the computer program of instructions may include an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions in the information handling system.
- the executable instructions may comprise a plurality of code segments operable to instruct the information handling system to perform the methodology disclosed herein. It will also be understood that one or more steps of the present methodologies may be employed in one or more code segments of the computer program. For example, a code segment executed by the information handling system may include one or more steps of the disclosed methodologies.
- an information handling system may include any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities operable to compute, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display, manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form of information, intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, entertainment, or other purposes.
- an information handling system may be a personal computer, a PDA, a consumer electronic device, a network storage device, or any other suitable device and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality, and price.
- the information handling system may include memory, one or more processing resources such as a central processing unit (CPU) or hardware or software control logic.
- CPU central processing unit
- Additional components of the information handling system may include one or more storage devices, one or more communications ports for communicating with external devices as well as various input and output (I/O) devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, and a video display.
- the information handling system may also include one or more buses operable to transmit communications between the various hardware components.
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates generally to information handling systems and, more particularly, to wireless transmission from information handling systems.
- As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option available to users is information handling systems. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of the information. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements vary between different users or applications, information handling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems.
- Specific absorption rate (SAR) refers to the rate at which radio frequency (RF) energy is absorbed by the human body, and is used to measure the power absorbed from mobile wireless devices such as cell phones, tablet computers, and notebook computers. Many government agencies around the world have set maximum allowable SAR value limits for such mobile devices when in use. To conform RF emissions to these SAR limits while at the same time maximizing wireless performance, a mobile device has been provided with a single capacitive proximity sensor that detects close proximity of an object such as a human body. A processor within the mobile device has then been used to reduce wireless RF transmission power from the mobile device when the capacitive proximity sensor detects close proximity of a nearby object, but to allow higher RF transmission power in the absence of the detection of a nearby object.
- Current methods and implementations for controlling SAR utilize a single capacitive proximity sensor to control only the power transmitted from the main WWAN/LTE transmit antenna of a wireless device, and employ a binary detection mechanism to control wireless RF transmission power based only on either detection or non-detection of a nearby object. Since the capacitive proximity sensor cannot reliably distinguish between a human body and a non-human object proximity trigger event, wireless transmission performance from the device can needlessly suffer when transmit power is reduced due to the detected nearby presence of a non-human object.
- Disclosed herein are systems and methods that may be implemented to utilize multiple sensors to intelligently control SAR produced from a wireless-enabled information handling system platform (e.g., mobile wireless device such as tablet or notebook computer, smart phone, etc.) in the presence of a detected nearby human body, while also enabling optimal wireless RF transmit performance from the platform when no nearby human body is detected. The disclosed systems and methods may be so implemented to be more robust than conventional SAR solutions employed for mobile devices. For example, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented in one embodiment to avoid the poor performance and user experience that results from a reduction in the information handling system platform radio transmit power when it is not necessary (due to false detection of a human body), or that results when the platform transmit power is reduced too much and/or too quickly when nearby proximity of an actual human body is detected. Thus, the disclosed systems and methods may employ smart usage of combinations of sensors to increase proximity detection field of view and to reduce or substantially eliminate false proximity detection positives and in one embodiment meet FCC or other governmental agency SAR requirements for RF exposure without significant platform performance degradation of wireless feature/s.
- The disclosed systems and methods may be implemented in one exemplary embodiment to reliably detect the difference between nearby proximity of an actual human body and a non-human proximity trigger event, and without the need for multiple peripherally-located capacitive SAR sensors located to distinguish between human body and non-human proximity, e.g., such as 4 to 6 capacitive proximity sensors located around the periphery of a wireless tablet device (depending on the size of the tablet device) or other such smart form-factor, which may drive increased complexity, increased cost and require more space for additional capacitive electrodes with associated industrial design and mechanical engineering impacts. Moreover, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented in a scalable manner for reliable human proximity detection as opposed to capacitive proximity sensing technology which may require increased distance between the multiple capacitive sensing electrodes and sensor integrated circuits needed, leading to increased susceptibility to noise and reduction in proximity detection performance.
- In one embodiment, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented to control SAR resulting from multiple transmit antennas of a single wireless-enabled information handling system platform, including relatively small sized wireless platforms having multiple transmit antennas. This capability is advantageous given the current trend of increased number of transmit antennas supported by a single wireless platform device coupled together with the current trend of decreasing the typical physical wireless device size, e.g., such that SAR conformance is also required for Wi-Fi emissions. Examples of system platform types and environments with which the disclosed systems and methods may be advantageously implemented to meet FCC or other governmental agency SAR requirements for RF signal exposure without significant degradation of the wireless performance include, but are not limited to handheld end user computing (EuC) systems such as tablet-first designs.
- In one exemplary embodiment, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented using multiple different types of sensors provided on board an information handling system. In a further embodiment, these different types of sensors may include all the existing sensors that are provided in a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) information handling system platform to more intelligently control SAR emissions from the platform. In any case, smart usage of various combinations of multiple sensors may be implemented to increase proximity detection field of view around an information handling system platform, and may be further implemented to reduce or substantially eliminate occurrence of false positive identification of a nearby human user that requires SAR RF transmit power reduction.
- In one embodiment, a fusion of multiple sensors of a wireless-enabled information handling system platform may be used to provide a more detailed system and environment view of the device platform to enable intelligent and dynamic SAR control configurations. For example, one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods may utilize knowledge of a wireless device usage profile (e.g., stored in system memory) for a given wireless information handling system to predict likelihood of SAR trigger events for that given information handling system.
- In another embodiment, the scope of SAR control may be extended, e.g., by using one or more additional sensor/s or other type devices that are located on some other (proximity adjacent) objects rather than on the information handling system platform itself to determine proximity of a human user to a mobile device antennae of concern. Such off-platform devices may communicate with processing devices of the information handling system, for example, via wired or wireless communication (e.g., Bluetooth RF signal communication, optical communication such as infrared signals, near field communication signals, etc.). Examples of such other objects include, but are not limited to, the body of the current use of the information handling system (e.g., such as using a capacitive, other type proximity sensor or short range RF transmitter located on a user-wearable component that communicates proximity-indicative signals to the system platform that may contain sensed proximity distance values or that may have a received signal strength that varies with proximity to the system platform), or a nearby notebook computer (e.g., the nearby proximity of a human user's body to a cellular phone system platform may be positively detected and reported to processing device/s of the system platform when the user generates input signals by typing on the keyboard of a notebook computer that is wirelessly tethered via Bluetooth to the cellular phone wireless device that is in turn transmitting via Wireless Wide Area Network “WWAN” RF cellular signals).
- Specific examples of different types of hardware and/or methodology that may be employed in the practice of the disclosed systems and methods for human proximity detection to detect nearby proximity of a human body to a wireless-enabled information handing system platform include, but are not limited to: 1) thermal sensors such as thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) or thermistors for thermal sensing (e.g., mapping variations in sensed temperature due to contact of a user's human tissue with the platform at different temperature); 2) motion detector to detect motion (e.g., if a mobile information handling system platform has been motionless for a certain period of time then it may be assumed that the platform is not currently being held by a human being); 3) display touch sensor (e.g., detecting a user holding a touch screen display device by using edge touch detection to determine the location of a user's hands and/or fingers when the user is holding the mobile device, and if no touch activity has been reported from the touch screen for a specified period of time and there is IP traffic then it may be assumed that the touch screen display device is not being held by a human—examples of such use cases include Personal Hotspot, Music listening, Video watching, etc.); 4) biometrics sensor (e.g., such as a sensor capable of detecting a nearby user's heart beat and that is placed in proximity to the wireless device platform transmit antennas of concern—such sensors are conventionally employed in wearables and may provide a relatively high level of certainty that an object detected is indeed human tissue); 5) Local localization techniques (e.g., local localization techniques may be established between a wireless-enabled information handling system platform such as a tablet or notebook computer and a second device that is physically associated with a user (such as a user-wearable like a Watch) to determine the real time distance between the user and the wireless platform—in this case some wireless device platforms have restricted access and usage to a certain very limited number of users (such as one, two or more identified users). It will be understood that in a further embodiment, any of such human proximity detection schemes such as described above may be enhanced by a Machine Learning engine, e.g., such as running on the wireless information handling system platform based on user usage history.
- In one respect, disclosed herein is an information handling system platform, including: multiple sensors that are each configured to react to a proximity of a human user to the system platform by producing a sensor output signal that is indicative of a proximity distance of the human user to the system platform; one or more antenna elements; at least one transmitter coupled to the one or more antenna elements and configured to transmit radio frequency (RF) signals from each of the antenna elements; and at least one processing device coupled to the transmitter, the processing device being coupled to receive the sensor output signals of the multiple sensors and to determine a real time object proximity detection distance from each of the multiple sensor output signals. The at least one processing device of the system platform may be further configured to control the transmitter to reduce RF transmit power according to at least one proximity distance sensing profile that defines a relationship between RF transmit power reduction and the determined object proximity detection distance according to the multiple sensor outputs.
- In another respect, disclosed herein is a method of operating an information handling system platform, including: using multiple sensors of the information handling system platform to detect a proximity of a human user to the system platform by producing a sensor output signal that is indicative of a proximity distance of the human user to the system platform; using at least one processing device of the information handling system platform to receive the sensor output signals of the multiple sensors and to determine a real time object proximity detection distance from each of the multiple sensor output signals; and using the at least one processing device of the information handling system platform to control a transmitter of the information handling system platform to reduce RF transmit power from one or more antennas of the information handling system platform according to at least one proximity distance sensing profile that defines a relationship between RF transmit power reduction and the determined object proximity detection distance according to the multiple sensor outputs.
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FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of a wireless-enabled information handling system platform according to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods. -
FIG. 1B illustrates examples of multiple sensors for an information handing system platform according to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of SAR control components of an information handling system platform according one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram showing operational aspects of SAR control logic components of an information handling system platform according one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods. -
FIG. 4 illustrates methodology according one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods. -
FIG. 5 illustrates RF transmit power reduction for multiple sensors as a function of human body proximity distance to an information handling system platform according to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a zone of uncertainty of RF transmit power reduction for a given actual proximity detection distance according to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a fitted curve of RF transmit power reduction as a function of actual human body proximity detection distance according to one exemplary embodiment of the disclosed systems and methods. -
FIG. 8 illustrates ranges of RF transmit power reduction levels assigned to different human body proximity detection distance thresholds defined in a fitted curve for multiple sensors. -
FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of a wireless-enabled informationhandling system platform 100 that in this exemplary embodiment is configured as a tablet computer. Although a tablet computer is illustrated, it will be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented with any other type of wireless-enabled information handling system having integral or on-board RF antenna/s including, for example, portable or mobile information handling systems such as notebook computers, laptop computers, smart phones, PDA's, etc. - Still referring to
FIG. 1A , informationhandling system platform 100 includes integratedRF antennas respective RF tuner radio front end 106 as shown. In the illustrated embodiment,separate tuners separate antenna elements baseband processor 108 andradio front end 106, e.g., based on the current frequency band or RF channel in use. Circuitry of RF tuners 104 andradio front end 106 is configured to perform intermediate frequency (IF) to RF up conversion mixing and RF processing tasks for outgoing transmitted signals toantennas 102, and vice-versa (including down conversion) for incoming received signals fromantennas 102. Besides IF,front end 106 may perform up conversion and down conversion between RF and other suitable frequencies for processing by baseband processing device orprocessor 108, e.g., such as zero-IF frequency, baseband frequency, etc. In this regard, baseband processor 108 (e.g., digital signal processor “DSP” or other suitable RF module or processing device/s) is coupled to exchange outgoing and incoming IF or other suitable signals withbaseband processor 108 through respective digital-to-analog (DAC) and analog-to-digital (ADC) converters (not shown).Baseband processor 108 may be configured to manage RF signal transmission and reception, as well as to perform tasks including signal processing, encoding, frequency shifting and/or modulation operations to provide transmitted information in outgoing signals based on digital data provided byapplication processor 110, and to perform signal processing, decoding, frequency shifting and/or demodulation operations to obtain the message content in the incoming signals as digital data to provide toapplication processor 110. -
Application processor 110 may in one embodiment be a host processing device (e.g., such Intel or AMD-based central processing unit “CPU”) or other suitable type of processing device configured to execute a host operating system (OS) and to exchange outgoing and incoming and outgoing digital data withbaseband processor 108.Application processor 110 may be coupled as shown to main system memory 111 (e.g., dynamic random access memory “DRAM” or other suitable type of system memory), and to system storage 113 (e.g., media drive/s such as magnetic hard drive/s or optical storage drive/s, solid state drive/s “SSD”, other non-volatile memory device/s, etc.). Such storage and memory devices may also be accessible to other processing devices ofsystem platform 100.Application processor 110 may also be configured to execute an operating system (OS) such as Microsoft Windows-based, Linux-based, Apple OS-based or other suitable operating system, as well as to execute applications and system BIOS forsystem platform 100. Among otherthings application processor 110 may be coupled (e.g., via a platform controller hub “PCH”) to one or more I/O devices or circuitry ofsystem 100 including, but not limited to, video display circuitry, touch-sensitive circuitry or touch pad or keyboard for accepting user input, audio amplifier circuitry and system speaker/s, system microphone, etc. - Further shown in
FIG. 1A is sensor fusion hub withco-processor 112 that is coupled to receive sensor inputs frommultiple sensors 120, detect nearby proximity of a human user from the multiple sensor inputs, and to determine transmit power reduction based on the multiple sensor inputs in a manner described further herein. It will be understood that in one embodiment, aco-processor 112 may be an integrated component provided within a fusion hub as illustrated. In an alternative architecture embodiment, a co-processor may be a dedicated processing device component that is used instead of a fusion hub processing component. - In one exemplary embodiment,
co-processor 112 may be a system-on-a-chip (SoC) that includes an Advanced RISC Machines (ARM)-based processor, although any other suitable type of co-processor or other type of processing device/s may be alternatively employed. It is also possible that the operational tasks ofco-processor 112 may also be performed by anapplication processor 110 or other type of single processor, or may be divided or partitioned between multiple different processing devices of asystem 100. It will be understood thatmultiple sensors 120 coupled toco-processor 112 may be any combination of different sensor types that are configured or otherwise capable of detecting or otherwise reacting to the nearby proximity of a human user tosystem platform 100 by producing a sensor output signal that is indicative of the nearby proximity of the human user. -
FIG. 1B illustrates multiple on-platform sensors 120 that may be coupled to provide sensor output signals to co-processor 112 of information handlingsystem platform 100, with specific examples of particular types ofsensors 120 being listed inFIG. 1B . Each ofsensors 120 may be co-located or integral tosystem platform 100 and coupled internally to its other components, or may be positioned external tosystem platform 100 and coupled to components of system by suitable external I/O ports.FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the SAR control components ofsystem platform 100, showing a more detailed interrelation of example types ofmultiple sensors 120 withco-processor 112 that each have different proximity detection distance threshold characteristics. As shown inFIG. 2 ,suitable sensors 120 may include, but are not limited to, camera/s 120 a, motion sensor/s 120 b, light sensor/s 120 c, environment/health sensor/s 120 d, acoustic sensor/s 120 e, infrared (IR) sensor/s 120 f (such as IR camera/s), capacitive proximity sensor/s 120 g, and fingerprint sensor/s 120 h. It will be understood that this list of possible sensor types is not exhaustive, and that other additional or alternative sensor types may be operatively employed in asystem platform 100. Moreover, not all of the types ofsensors 120 illustrated inFIG. 1B need be present, and/or two or more a given type ofsensor 120 may be operatively employed in a givensystem platform 100. -
FIG. 1B also illustrates optional off-platform devices 155 that may be located on some other (proximity adjacent) objects rather than on the information handlingsystem platform 100 itself, but nonetheless used byinformation handling system 100 to determine proximity of a human user to amobile device antennae 120 of concern. Such off-platform devices 155 may communicate with processing devices of the information handlingsystem platform 100, for example, via wired or wireless communication (e.g., Bluetooth RF signal communication, optical communication such as infrared signals, near field communication signals, etc.). Examples include, but are not limited to, a capacitive, other type proximity sensor or short range RF transmitter located on a user-wearable component 157 that communicates proximity-indicative wireless signals to the system platform that may contain sensed proximity distance information itself or that may be received byinformation handling system 100 with a received signal strength that varies according to the proximity to the system platform 100); or anearby notebook computer 159 having a keyboard that may be used to detect the nearby proximity of a human user's body to information handlingsystem platform 100 when it is tethered nearby tonotebook computer 159 by wirelessly reporting user typing activity on the keyboard of a notebook computer to processing device/s of thesystem platform 100 when the user generates input signals by typing on the keyboard of anotebook computer 159. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , co-processor 112 (e.g. integrated within a sensor fusion hub such as illustrated inFIG. 2 ) may be configured to contain a proximity-sensing engine that acts as the proximity-sensing brain of the fusion hub. In this embodiment, the proximity-sensing engine may be the core logic that is configured to perform operations to process aproximity sensing algorithm 210. In this regard the proximity-sensing engine may be configured to execute the proximity sensor algorithm 210 (e.g., as a proximity sensing library and application programming interface “API”), issue commands and receive interrupts from the array ofsensors 120 that are used for measuring proximity of nearby human users, and to produce a SARpower control command 260 that is provided throughapplication processor 110 tobaseband processor 108 as shown.Baseband processor 108 is in turn configured to execute dynamic powerreduction control logic 220 that is configured to receive the SARpower control command 260 and based thereon to produce a SAR powerlevel control signal 270 that is provided to circuitry of RF tuners 104 and radiofront end 106 to control the RF transmission power level for RF signals transmitted fromantenna 102 at any given time. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram showing operational aspects of the various SAR control logic components ofsystem platform 100. As shown inFIG. 3 ,application processor 110 is configured to execute a connectivity application which operates to cause uploading or downloading of data via RF signals received and transmitted byantenna 102 to a wireless network throughbaseband processor 108 and RF tuner and radio front end components of transmitter 104/106 in a manner as previously described.Connectivity application 110 may be any application (e.g., software, firmware, etc.) that executes to upload or download data to wireless network, for example, an Internet browser application, email application, software update application, etc. As further shown inFIG. 3 ,proximity sensor algorithm 210 is configured to execute as programmed logic onco-processor 112, and is coupled to receive signals fromconnectivity application 110 that makes usage contextmanager component logic 302 ofproximity sensor algorithm 210 aware of the current data transfer status (e.g., data uploading or data downloading operation for a given type of RF band and antenna 102) being performed byconnectivity application 110. Usagecontext manager component 302 in turn sets a transmit or receive usagecontext mode identifier 304 that indicates whether a RF transmission operation or reception operation is currently taking place on a given RF band on a given antenna/s 102. It will be understood that the transmit or receive usagecontext mode identifier 304 may be further mapped and modified according to other aspects of the device usage, e.g., such as the device orientation ofsystem platform 100. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , multiple proximity distance sensing profiles 306 may be retrieved byproximity sensor algorithm 210 from storage in non-volatile memory (e.g., NVRAM) ofco-processor 112, or from any other suitable memory device accessible byco-processor 112. In one embodiment eachproximity sensing profile 306 may be defined based on a given radio transmitantenna 102 currently being used, withdifferent profiles 306 applying to differentrespective antennas 102. Eachproximity sensing profile 306 may in turn define a relationship between RF transmit power reduction (e.g., as a percentage or fraction of maximum possible power transmission, as an offset from maximum power transmission wattage level, etc.) and determined nearby object proximity detection distance according to sensor outputs received as inputs by sensor fusion andcalibration logic 310 ofproximity sensor algorithm 210 frommultiple system sensors 120, e.g.,sensors 120 a-120 h. In one embodiment,proximity sensor algorithm 210 may in turn dynamically communicate SAR power control commands 260 tobaseband processor 108. SAR power control commands 260 may be in the form of smart sensing fused sensor profile parameter values determined (e.g., for a given antenna or antennas 102) from a combination of fused sensor information (from sensor fusion and calibration logic 310) and proximity distance sensing profiles 306. - SAR power control commands 260 transmitted from
proximity sensor algorithm 210 cause dynamic powerreduction control logic 220 ofbaseband processor 108 to produce and provide a corresponding SAR powerlevel control signal 270 to RF tuners 104/radiofront end 106 so as to implement usage context-based and proximity detection-based power reduction and to secure optimized performance while at the same time meeting SAR RF exposure requirements. RF tuners 104/radiofront end 106 are in turn configured to control RF transmission power level to a givenantenna antennas 102 according to SAR powerlevel control signal 270 provided for the given antenna/s 102. In this manner, smart usage of various combinations ofmultiple sensors 120 may be employed to increase proximity detection field of view and elimination of false positives with respect to nearby human user detection. - As further shown in
FIG. 3 ,proximity sensor algorithm 210 may also be optionally configured to receive usage andenvironment change inputs 320 forsystem platform 100, e.g., inputs such as provided from primary or secondary device usage modes as may be configured on the system platform device by a user. Examples of different such usage modes include, but are not limited to, tablet usage mode and notebook usage mode (e.g., in tablet usage mode the display orientation ofsystem platform 100 may be either landscape or portrait orientation depending on current running application and/or on current physical orientation of thesystem platform 100, while in notebook mode the display orientation may be fixed to be only landscape mode orientation), etc. Examples of such usage andenvironment change inputs 320 include, but are not limited to, information on environment and operational condition and/or mode changes (such as changes between convertible computer portable mode to stand mode and vice-versa, changes between portrait and landscape orientation for tablet computer system platform, etc.) Multiple differentproximity sensing profiles 306 may in turn be defined that each correspond to a different one of multiple possible usage and/or environment modes and/or conditions. Proximitysensor algorithm logic 210 may optionally consider one or more usage and environment change input/s 320 together with fused sensor information to determine smart sensing fused sensor profile parameter values from proximity distance sensing profiles 306. - In one exemplary embodiment, how a system platform is configured and used may be a primary input in determining the proximity distance profiles 306. For example, if the system platform is configured as a hybrid/2-in-1/detachable device it may be configured in several ways by a user. In some usage modes (such as notebook open mode or notebook closed mode) then the proximity sensing function may be disabled or put in a sleep state by
proximity sensor algorithm 210. However, if the system platform is configured (or reconfigured) in tablet mode by the user, it may be used in a number of orientations such as primary landscape, primary portrait, secondary landscape or secondary portrait. In each of these orientations proximity sensing be enabled byproximity sensor algorithm 210, and may require separateproximity distance profiles 306 depending on the location of thesensors 120 and transmittingantennae 102 in the system - Also shown in
FIG. 3 isresource management logic 308 that may be executed as part ofproximity sensing algorithm 210 byco-processor 112 to select amongmultiple sensor inputs 120 for purposes of managing and monitoring the resources required for thesensors 120, such as the number and type of interfaces required, interrupt handling and sensor data buffering requirements etc. - As will be further described herein in relation to
FIGS. 5-8 , individualproximity distance profiles 306 may be associated with each transmitantenna 102 and/orsensor 120 ofFIG. 2 based on upper and lower detection thresholds that are configurable by the proximity sensing engine ofco-processor 112. As previously mentioned, each of the multiple types of sensors ofFIG. 2 may have different coarseness of proximity detection distance threshold. For example, camera sensor/s 120 a may have the most coarse proximity detection distance threshold, motion sensor/s 120 b (e.g., accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.) may have a relatively finer proximity detection distance threshold than camera/s 120 a, touch/gesture (e.g., user hand-gesture) sensor/s 120 c may have a relatively finer proximity detection distance threshold than motion sensor/s 120 b, barometric pressure sensor/s 120 d may have a relatively finer proximity detection distance threshold than touch/gesture sensor/s 120 c, acoustic sensor/s 120 e may have a relatively finer proximity detection distance threshold than pressure sensor/s 120 d, IR sensor/s 120 f may have a relatively closer proximity detection distance threshold than acoustic sensor/s 120 e, capacitive proximity sensor/s 120 g may have a relatively finer proximity detection distance threshold than IR sensor/s 120 f, and fingerprint sensor/s 120 h may have a relatively finer proximity detection distance threshold than capacitive sensor/s 120 g. As previously mentioned, the particular types and number ofdifferent sensors 120 ofFIG. 2 are exemplary only, and any combination of fewer, additional, and/or alternative different types ofsensors 120 may be provided for a given configuration of an informationhandling system platform 100. - In one exemplary embodiment, individual sensor proximity distance sensing profiles 306 may be calibrated for each of the
sensors 120 used for detection, e.g., using sensor fusion andcalibration logic 310. The proximity distances in eachprofile 306 may be updated by the proximity sensing engine ofco-processor 112 to compensate for environmental drift. In this regard, somesensors 120 may be subject to environmental drift (bias) that introduces errors and deviation from the original sensor calibrated levels. Such sensor drift ofindividual sensors 120 may cause changes in the proximitydistance sensing profiles 306 and thus require compensation to correct for these errors. Sensor fusion andcalibration logic 310 may be configured to implement automatic sensor calibration algorithms to address drift via frequent self-recalibration. -
FIG. 4 illustrates one exemplary embodiment ofmethodology 400 that may be employed to utilizemultiple sensors 120 to intelligently control SAR produced from a wireless-enabled information handlingsystem platform 100. As shown,methodology 400 begins instep 402 where each ofmultiple sensors 120 of a particular configuration ofinformation handling platform 100 is characterized for human body proximity detection distance (representing the actual distance of the closest part of a human body the information handling system platform) and corresponding RF transmit power reduction. This characterization may be performed in one embodiment using empirical measurements on an actual information handlingsystem platform device 100 during development or manufacture of the information handlingsystem platform 100, e.g., such as in a development lab. Measurement characterization ofstep 402 may be performed for all main usage modes (e.g., such as tablet primary landscape and portrait modes) and radio transmitantennas 102, e.g., such asantennas FIG. 1A . In one embodiment, characterization ofstep 402 may be performed for information handlingsystem platform device 100 andcorresponding antennas -
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of such characterization of each ofmultiple sensors 120 a-120 g of the information handling system platform device ofFIG. 2 for human body proximity detection distance (i.e., increasing distance in millimeters, centimeters, inches or other suitable measurement unit occurring from left to right on X-axis) and corresponding RF transmit power reduction (i.e., increasing percentage reduction in maximum transmit power occurring in upward direction on Y-axis) for one ofantennas 120 operating in a given usage mode to meet SAR requirements, e.g., as specified by FCC 941225 D01 SAR testing procedure for 3G devices, FCC 941225 D05 SAR testing procedure for LTE Devices, FCC 941225 D06 SAR testing procedure for hotspot devices, FCC 941225 D07 UMPC testing procedures for mini tablet devices, etc. - As illustrated in
FIG. 5 , each ofdifferent sensors 120 a-120 g has a different individual sensor proximitydistance sensing profile 306 that in this embodiment includes an individual sensor curve, and that has a different effective range of human body proximity detection distance, detection sensitivity, and corresponding indicated RF transmit power reduction amount for a given value of actual proximity distance of a human body to information handlingsystem platform 100 that is indicated by X-axis value ofFIG. 5 . In this regard, each ofsensors 120 may be configured to produce a sensor output signal that varies with different proximity distance of a human body to the system platform 100 (e.g., such as varying capacitance signal value, varying sound level signal value, varying barometric pressure level signal value level, varying motion level signal value, varying light level signal value, etc.). Further, as shown inFIG. 5 each ofsensors 120 may be assigned (e.g., based on empirical SAR compliance measurement for a corresponding transmitter during laboratory testing, or other suitable testing methodology) a varying indicated RF transmit power reduction amount that varies as a function of different proximity distances of a human body to thesystem platform 100 based on the varying value of its respective sensor output signal as the actual proximity distance of a human body to the system platform 100 (X-axis value) changes. -
FIG. 5 also illustrates that for the particular range of detection distances corresponding to dashedbox 500 ofFIG. 5 , a different amount of RF transmit power reduction is indicated by the overlap of the individual sensor curves of proximitydistance sensing profiles 306 fordifferent sensors sensor 120 d indicating a larger reduction in RF transmit power thansensor 120 e for the same given value of determined actual proximity distance of a human body to information handlingsystem platform 100 that falls withinbox 500. Thus, more than one RF transmit power reduction value is indicated for a given actual distance determined from multiple overlapping sensors. This creates a zone ofuncertainty 600 of required RF transmit power reduction for a given actual proximity detection distance as illustrated inFIG. 6 , for which an optimal RF transmit power reduction to meet SAR requirements may be further determined as further described herein.Fingerprint sensor 120 h ofFIG. 2 is not included in the characterization ofFIG. 5 since it positively identifies proximity of a human finger touching information handlingsystem platform 100 at a known distance for which a fixed and known SAR RF transmit power reduction value may be assigned. - Still referring to
FIG. 4 , a blended relationship in the form of a fittedcurve 700 of RF transmit power reduction as a function of actual human body proximity detection distance over themultiple sensors 120 a-120 g may be created (e.g., in real time by proximity sensor algorithm 210) instep 404 for eachantenna 102 and/or usage mode as illustrated inFIG. 7 . In this step, a blended multi-sensor curve fitting approach may be employed to smooth RF transmit power reduction steps over human body (e.g., human hand) proximity detection distances for eachantenna 102 and/or usage mode.Fitted curve 700 may be determined using any suitable curve-fitting methodology from the individual RF transmit power reduction value profiles of the correspondingindividual sensors 120, e.g., such as a least squares method, total least squares method, interpolation between two consecutive sensor curves ofFIG. 7 in the decreasing detection distance direction (i.e., in the right to left direction along X-axis ofFIG. 7 ), interpolation between two consecutives curves ofFIG. 7 in the increasing detection distance direction (i.e., in the left to right direction along X-axis ofFIG. 7 ), etc. It will be understood that in other embodiments any other suitable type of blended relationship of different RF transmit power reduction values derived from different sensors as a function of proximity detection distance from the multiple sensors having different effective object distance detection ranges may be employed, e.g., such as a lookup table of blended power reduction values that are each calculated from the average RF transmit power reduction values for two or three sensors having adjacent effective object distance detection ranges. -
FIG. 8 illustrates the resulting ranges of RF transmit power reduction levels assigned to different human body proximity detection distance thresholds defined in the fittedcurve 700 for themultiple sensors 120 a-120 g as illustrated by the bracketed X-axis detection distance ranges ofFIG. 8 . Each of these different human body proximity detection distance thresholds (together with corresponding X-axis bracketed distance ranges defined between these distance thresholds) of fittedcurve 700 corresponds to only a given one ofsensors 120, and is to be used one at a time when the corresponding proximity distance detected by the given sensor falls within its corresponding distance range (i.e., so as to “hand off” RF transmit power reduction control between differentsuccessive sensors 120 as detection distance changes according to the indicated distance thresholds and corresponding bracketed X-axis detection distance ranges). It will be understood that the number and type ofsensors 120 illustrated inFIGS. 7 and 8 are exemplary only, and that it is possible to selectively implement theproximity sensor algorithm 210 to utilize any specified subset of all the available sensors on a system platform, e.g., in real time or by pre-defined default selection. - For example, RF transmit power reduction range 800 (P2) defined by fitted
curve 700 is specified for the bracketed X-axis detection distance range assigned only tosensor 102 f betweensensor brackets individual sensor 120 as indicated by the different bracketed detection distance ranges of the X-axis proximity detection distance denoted for eachsensor 120 inFIG. 8 . Thus when the determined detection distance values measured bysensor 102 f fall within the assigned bracketed X-axisdistance value range 102 f ofFIG. 8 , a corresponding RF transmit power reduction range 800 (P2) is indicated and defined bycurve 700. It will also be understood that eachdifferent antenna 102 and/or usage mode may be assigned a different shapedcurve 700 that corresponds to the required SAR transmit power reduction, and that each transmitantenna 102 and/or usage mode may be assigned such a curve as a proximitydistance sensing profile 306 described previously in relation toFIG. 3 . - Next, in
step 406,proximity sensor algorithm 210 may be configured with the fitted proximitydistance sensing profiles 306 for use by the proximity sensing library and API, which is configured to take inputs from all ofmultiple sensors 120 a-120 g and to deliver corresponding smart sensing fused profile parameters corresponding to a given transmitantenna 102 to baseband radio processor 108 (or to eachbaseband radio processor 108 forsystem platforms 100 having multiple baseband radio processors 108). Instep 408, eachbaseband radio processor 108 is configured to register with and accept the smart sensing fused sensor profile parameters as input fromproximity sensor algorithm 210, and to use the smart sensing fused sensor profile parameters to control and optimize output power for the given transmitantenna 102. - Next, in
step 410, smart sensing fused sensor profile parameter values 260 for a givenantenna 102 and/or usage mode that are based on sensor inputs received fromsensors 102 a-102 g are delivered byproximity sensor algorithm 210 tobaseband radio processor 108. In this regard, a radio driver inbaseband processor 108 is configured to register with proximity sensing API ofproximity sensor algorithm 210 to receive these smart sensing fused sensor profile parameter values 260. Instep 412, dynamic powerreduction control logic 220 ofbaseband radio processor 108 is configured to dynamically configure output power reduction (e.g., as a selected fraction of full transmit output power) by using the received smart sensing fused sensor profile parameter values 260 together with radio and antenna operating parameters as inputs for performance optimization for SAR RF power reduction during transmit usage mode determined byusage context manager 302 for a givenantenna 102. In this regard, such radio and antenna operating parameters used instep 412 may be, for example, the identity of the frequency band or frequency channel in use by thebaseband processor 108 and radiofront end 106, and/or the tunable antenna band switching or impedance matching state, etc. In one embodiments such radio and antenna operating parameters may alter to a greater or lesser degree the amount of power reduction that is applied for SAR performance. - In
step 414, dynamic powerreduction control logic 220 ofbaseband radio processor 108 delivers the dynamic power adjustment as control signals 270 to the respective radio transmit chain (e.g., radiofront end 106 and tuner 104) and givenantenna 102. In this way, closed-loop optimization of SAR RF power reduction performance for each proximity event detection distance, usage mode, radio operating condition, andtransit antenna 102 may be achieved. Instep 416,proximity sensor algorithm 210 monitors for changes in proximity event detection distance, usage mode, radio operating condition, and/ortransit antenna 102, and repeats to step 410 as shown. - It will be understood that the illustrated steps of
methodology 400 are exemplary only, and that any other combination of additional, fewer and/or alternative steps may be employed that is suitable to implement utilize multiple sensors to intelligently control SAR produced from a wireless-enabled information handling system platform in the presence of a detected nearby human body. It will also be understood that the steps ofmethodology 400 may be implemented with configurations of RF transmission capable information handling system platform configurations other than that illustrated in relation toFIGS. 1-3 . Such alternative configurations include information handling system platforms that include only one transmitantenna 102, that include multiple transmitantennas 102 and multiple baseband processors 108 (with corresponding radio transmit chains), etc. - It will also be understood that one or more of the tasks, functions, or methodologies described herein (e.g., including those described herein for
components - For purposes of this disclosure, an information handling system may include any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities operable to compute, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display, manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form of information, intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, entertainment, or other purposes. For example, an information handling system may be a personal computer, a PDA, a consumer electronic device, a network storage device, or any other suitable device and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality, and price. The information handling system may include memory, one or more processing resources such as a central processing unit (CPU) or hardware or software control logic. Additional components of the information handling system may include one or more storage devices, one or more communications ports for communicating with external devices as well as various input and output (I/O) devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, and a video display. The information handling system may also include one or more buses operable to transmit communications between the various hardware components.
- While the invention may be adaptable to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example and described herein. However, it should be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the different aspects of the disclosed systems and methods may be utilized in various combinations and/or independently. Thus the invention is not limited to only those combinations shown herein, but rather may include other combinations.
Claims (34)
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US9906256B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 |
US20170077977A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
US9531420B1 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
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