Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
  • A01N33/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds only one oxygen atom attached to the nitrogen atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
  • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P3/00—Fungicides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an improved solution for enhancing protection of living plants through synergistic effects between buffered amine oxides and insecticides and fungicides and related methods.
• fungicide and insecticides have been employed in a wide variety of locations and types of uses to inhibit plant destruction due to fungus and insect pests. Problems created by insects and fungi have long existed in many environments including, but not limited to agriculture, parks, golf courses, residential environments, highways, vegetable gardens, railroad tracks, recreational facilities, floral gardens, forests, pastures, waterways and in many other environments. This can interfere with desired functionality, the health of plants, as well as the aesthetics of an area containing vegetation.
• Ward, U.S. Pat. No. 7,896,960 discloses a method and solution for providing enhanced penetration of wood preservatives into wood to a greater depth through synergism between a buffering agent and an amine oxide. It contemplates the use of various types of wood preservatives on wood which has been severed from a living tree. Green lumber is also said to be treatable by the system.
• This patent which relates to wood as distinguished from living plants does include within the definition of wood preservatives, a number of chemical compounds including specific reference to fungicidal, insecticidal, water resistant, termite resistant materials.
• U.S. Pat. No. 6,811,731 is directed toward a fire-retardant wood-based composite created by treating a green wood furnish with a phosphate/borate fire-retardant material.
• the fire-retardant treated green wood furnish is blended with a binder and then bound by applying pressure to form a non-leaching fire retardant wood based composite.
• U.S. Pat. No. 6,508,869 discloses the use of amine oxides to enhance the performance of boron compounds as wood preservatives. There is mention of the amine oxides improving the effectiveness of boron compounds as insecticides or biocides and plant growth regulating agents. They are also said to provide better dispersion of boron compounds when applied to plants and fungi. It also makes reference to the seeds of plants and the area on which the plants or fungi grow.
• the present invention provides a solution and method of obtaining synergistic action between a fungicide and a buffered amine oxide and/or an insecticide and a buffered amine oxide in order to provide enhanced resistance of a living plant to undesired deterioration due to fungi and insects.
• the solution and related method provides for greater plant protection than would be obtained through use of the fungicide alone or the insecticide alone.
• living plant is used in its ordinary sense, and is to be distinguished from both (a) plants which have died and (b) products or items which once were, but are no longer living or part of a living plant such as, for example, lumber. This definition will include living plant food products such as fruits or vegetables which have been removed from a plant.
• a “buffer system” is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base with its conjugate acid.
• a buffer system may also be obtained by adding a weak acid/conjugate base or a weak base/conjugate acid or by adding the weak acid/weak base and a strong acid/strong base in sufficient amount to form the conjugate acid/conjugate base.
• the present invention involves creating a synergistic effect by applying to the plant a solution which includes of either an insecticide or a fungicide or both which will achieve a synergistically created improvement in the result through combining the same with a buffered amine oxide.
• the amine oxides may be mixed with buffers in a solvent to create a buffered amine oxide solution and then mixed with a herbicide solution.
• the preferred amine oxides are selected from the group consisting of (a) the 12 carbon length amine oxides such as that sold under the trade designation Barlox 12 and (b) a mixture of the 12 and 18 carbon lengths sold under the trade designation Barlox 1218.
• the buffer system has the property that the pH of the solution changes very little when a small amount of a strong acid or strong base is added to it. Buffer solutions are employed as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value within a wide range of chemical operations. In the present invention, the buffer system helps to maintain a substantially constant pH when in contact with biological systems, such as living plants.
• the buffer system concepts can be extended to polyprotic species in which one or more protons may be removed to form different buffer systems, i.e., phosphate systems.
• buffer systems i.e., phosphate systems.
• preferred buffers are ammonium salt/ammonia, Deprotonated Lysine/Doubly Deprotonated Lysine, Phosphate Dibasic, Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate.
• the buffered amine oxides do not significantly alter the pH of the insecticide or fungicide products but, rather, make the pH much less likely to change based on the buffer capacity of the buffer additives.
• TABLES 1-3 describe, respectively, describe the buffer systems employed in the North American experiments reported in TABLES 4 and 5, with TABLE 2 referring to the experimental method and TABLE 4 showing a group of buffer systems pH and total Ion strengths.
• TABLE 1 recites the composition of buffer systems 3-4 that were used in the studies.
• Buffer systems 3-4 were prepared by dissolving the appropriate reagents into one liter of deionized water until a homogenous solution was obtained.
• TABLE 4 shows, in the left hand column, the number assigned to a particular buffer with column 2 containing the abbreviated name or full name of the buffers. The amount of acidic chemical per liter and basic chemical per liter appear in the next two pairs of columns.
• TABLE 2 is directed toward the experimental method in preparation of the pre-blended amine oxide and buffer systems.
• the compositions of buffer system identifies the buffer system name in the first column with the next two columns providing identification of the acidic chemical and weight percent amount followed by the amount of basic chemical and the name. The last two columns provide the water weight percent and Barlox 12 (30% by weight amine oxide donor.)
• Buffer system 3 was prepared by dissolving the appropriate reagent salts in water and then adding the amine oxide donor in sufficient amount to make one liter of solution.
• TABLE 3 shows the pH and buffer total Ion strengths (Molar) for buffer system 3.
• amine oxides were mixed with buffers and then added to insecticide or fungicide formulations.
• preferred amine oxides were those of 12 carbon length such as that sold under the trade designation Barlox 12 and a mixture of the 12 and 18 carbon lengths sold under the trade designation Barlox 1218.
• the buffer solution serves to stabilize the pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical operations.
• the buffer system maintains a substantially constant pH when in contact with biological systems.
• the buffer system is an aqueous system consisting of a mixture of a weak acid in its conjugate or a weak base in its conjugate acid.
• One may obtain the desired buffer system by directly adding the weak acid/conjugate base or weak base/conjugate acid salts or by adding the weak acid/weak base and a strong acid/strong base in sufficient amount to form the conjugate acid/conjugate base.
• the amine oxide additives may be mixed as tank blends with the insecticides or fungicides or may be incorporated into the insecticides or fungicide formulas.
• TABLE 1 shows 2 different buffers, while TABLE 3 shows an amine oxide blend.
• TABLE 4 discloses systems wherein the appropriate reagents were dissolved in deionized water until a homogenous solution was obtained.
• TABLE 3 deals with the pre-blending of the amine oxide and buffer systems with the appropriate reagents salts dissolved in water and subsequently, adding the amine oxide donor.
• PROPICONAZOLE was employed in tests in the amount of 50:200 PPM (parts per million) employed with and without buffered amine oxides systems 3 and 4 with some of the tests employing the 12 carbon length and others, the 1218 carbon mixture.
• the 12 carbon length will be present in an amount of about 1.3 to 2.0 times the amount of 18 carbon length and in the preferred range about 1.5 to 1.8 times the amount of 18 carbon length.
• the tests were performed on white oak seedlings which were provided with a stem wound in which was introduced staining fungi which was of the ceratocystis variety. Staining indicates that the fungicide or other treatment did not resist growth of the fungi with the number 100 representing 100% with no inhibitions of fungi growth and the number 0 indicating 0% or 0 indicating no fungi growth.
• TABLE 4 shows that both the 12 and 1218 length of buffered amine oxide system No. 3 used alone at concentrations of 200:1 and 400:1 produced no fungal growth inhibition as both showed 100% staining fungi.
• buffered amine oxide system No. 4 when the 12 length is used in combination with 50 ppm of the fungicide, in concentration of 400:1, 20% fungal growth was experienced and in 200:1, no fungal growth was experienced. With regard to the fungicide being in 50 ppm and the 1218 carbon length, a buffered amine oxide system No. 4, as to both 200:1 and 400: 1 concentration, there was 0 fungal growth.
• the method of testing the materials was to spray the trunk of the seedling with the particular solution being tested and 7 days after such application, creating a wound of approximately 2 millimeters by 10 millimeters on each seedling stem. Fourteen days after the wounding, the wounds were examined for the presence of staining fungi.
• buffered amine oxide system No. 4 in combination with 10 ppm of the insecticide, reduce the gypsy moth caterpillar damage to 10% when using a concentration of 400:1 and to 0 when using a concentration of 200:1.
• a single solution may contain both an insecticide and a fungicide.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

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