US20160251843A1

US20160251843A1 - Construction structure for houses and buildings

Info

Publication number: US20160251843A1
Application number: US15/029,779
Authority: US
Inventors: Ricardo Diogo CAMACHO VIEIRA DE OLIVEIRA
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-09-19
Filing date: 2013-09-19
Publication date: 2016-09-01
Also published as: ZA201602619B; WO2015041554A1; AP2016009150A0; RU2016114746A; EP3068953A1; CN106376238A; AU2013400761A1; CA2926949A1

Abstract

The present invention refers to a construction structure for houses and buildings which has multiple structural beams, structural beams, flooring lightweight beams, pillars, blocks, junction corners, supports for flooring lightweight beams, horizontal closure, lintel or sill profiles, jambs, attachments fittings especially conceived which fit together, in order to stay firmly united to form a highly consolidated structure.

Description

The present invention refers to a construction structure for houses and buildings, which includes beams, walls, both external and internal, floorings, covers as well as the respective opening finishing, using specially designed components which fit together, which stay firmly united through connections, for example, male/female, mechanical connections, etc., in order to form a highly consolidated structure.
The present construction of houses is greatly limited by the relatively low availability of skilled workforce and by the highly resistant construction materials, namely to the wear and to the ageing over the time.
The construction of houses and buildings is many times hampered by environmental factors, such as heat (mortar dehydration), the cold, the humidity, earthquakes and/or cyclonic winds, as well as the influence of biological factors, such as fungus, insects and other organisms.
There is a great demand for low cost construction structures for houses and buildings and that require no skilled workforce, and that are easily constructed on the construction site of the house and which quality is always the same regardless of the quality of the workforce used.
It will be therefore advantageous to provide a construction structure wherein it is employed a unique type of base material and which workforce is not required to be skilled.
Unlike the existing constructions, the quality and the energy efficiency of the construction structure for houses and buildings, according to the present invention, are also maintained constant and of high levels. The construction structure for houses and buildings provides considerable profits in terms of heating and air conditioning costs.
An object of the present invention is to provide a construction structure for houses and buildings with the above mentioned general features. A further object of the construction structure for houses and buildings of the present invention is to reduce to a minimum the material waste, which may be recycled and reused. All the components are previously fabricated and require only minimal adjustments to provide any tailored structure.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a construction structure for houses and buildings, which uses construction materials which have been specially designed for its realization and its use in the construction of houses and buildings, such that the resulting houses are the simplest and the most cost effective as possible.
The construction structure for houses and buildings according to the invention is intended to the construction of houses or buildings of, at least, nine floors. A further object of the present invention concerns to a construction structure for houses and buildings, such that the final construction has a strength and flexibility which allows them to have higher resistance at any type natural forces such as the ones caused by earthquakes and/or by cyclonic winds.
It is still a further object of the present invention to improve the construction of houses and buildings such that the final construction has an optimal resistance to the fire according to the standards of the euro code.
It is, in addition, another object of the invention to provide a energy efficient and exempt from servicing construction structure for houses and buildings, regardless of the atmospheric conditions or others that prevail in its implantation site.
Structural Beams
The structural beams are reinforced beams, made of high resistance material, which consist of two tubular profiles, parallel between each other and connected between each other by mechanical connections, equally made in high resistance material.
The structural beams have standard dimensions such that they can adapt themselves to the most diverse project requests.
In its outer walls there are “longitudinal connection teeth” throughout the length thereof in order to allow lateral and height adjustments.
The structural beams can be laterally extended by the insertion in its interior of reinforcement tubes, attached by chemical connections or mechanical connections.
These structural beams constitute the base of the construction structure for houses and buildings, extending integrally along the peripheral walls and, if there is structural justification, also over the interior walls.
The structural beams presents in its upper face a conical entrance channel and in the bottom a further conical entrance channel, parallel between each other, facilitating in both faces of the upper channel the entrance of an end of the fast tightening tensor.
Flooring Lightweight Beams
The flooring lightweight beams are beams made in a high resistance material which consist of a compartmented tubular profile, which upper part presents two grooves parallel between each other, in the interior of which there are mounted two rules of an adequate material.
These beams are intended to build the base for the ground flooring and for the subsequent floors and the cover. The beams are top supported by means of mechanical connections in said connection teeth of the structural beams.
The flooring structure between floors is, preferably, constituted by a grid arrangement, constituted by said flooring lightweight beams in a direction and in the other, the cross direction, by flooring lightweight beam portions cut and interconnected between each other by mechanical connections.
Said arrangement of flooring lightweight beams constitutes, therefore, the base or the slab of each floor of the construction structure for houses and buildings and staying always bounded by the structural beams.
Pillars
The pillars are constituted by tubular profiles of adequate section and standard length made of high resistance material, which interior is filled with thermal insulation material, interiorly ended, by an adequate section tubular profile, which upper end surpasses the section of the tubular profile, and which lower end is reverse, that is, constitutes the negative of the upper end with corresponding dimension, in order to provide great robustness to the structure by its fitting in the respective junction corners and in the following pillar.
Said pillars present removable vertical edges, in order to enable the lateral mounting of the blocks, connected by mechanical connections at several points along the vertical run of the pillars.
The pillars are used whenever the vertical structural reinforcement is required and as connecting elements between perpendicular walls if that is coincident with the project.
Blocks
The blocks are lightweight parts with high compression and shock resistance, with standard dimensions, and present three different shapes, the standard block, the upper closure block and the finishing block.
The blocks are made of high resistance material, and are connected between each other by means of male/female type fittings in the four ends, there being assured a great cohesion in the connection of the blocks without the use of any adhesives, the walls remaining, however, water-tight.
Preferably, the fittings in its lateral ends present the trapezoidal shape (dovetail), which increases the resistance and assists the assembly, even in the presence of wind, this form of fitting enabling that the assembly is made by means of non-skilled workforce, and there being obtained a quality end product.
Its easy handling and assembly provide high laying rhythms even without lifting means. For example: winches, crane, etc.
The walls constructed with these blocks are permeable to water vapour. The passage is done by the horizontal joint union between the blocks and the undulated interior wall of the block. This type of construction assures excellent behaviours, even in the presence of extreme temperature differentials, that is, too cold in the exterior and too hot in the interior of the house and vice-versa, there being prevented condensations of difficult resolution.
The arrangement of vertical housings, incorporated in the peripheral walls of the blocks, enables the introduction of metallic bands with certain spacing, which assures a simple, multipurpose and of great efficacy mechanical attachment in accordance to the floorings. For example: gypsum plasterboards, plywood, etc.
The blocks present vertical “T” slits for introduction of metallic profiles, which present regular spacings between each other, in order to enable the attachment of ventilated floorings, whether interiorly or exteriorly.
The walls made from the blocks, according to the invention, can receive multiple liners, with different lengths and widths, these being only limited by its own resistance.
It is excluded any type of bonding adhesive of cement base or other, cutting by the roots the peeling off problems. Since the walls are naturally ventilated, it is suppressed the appearance of blooms, namely the ones originated by the mortar, petrous and ceramic finishing liners on the filling joints.
The front an rear walls of the blocks are textured, presenting negatives in low relief of dovetail type, which enables the direct bonding of finishing liners on the carried out by the blocks, for example, tiles, in bathrooms, kitchens, etc., and which hinders the peeling of the adhesive from the support, by virtue of the adhesive becomes anchored in the low relief negatives.
In the interior part of the front wall of the block there is arranged the thermal insulation, without rupture, which guaranties a great energy saving.
In the interior part of the rear wall of the block there is arranged the acoustic insulation of great efficacy, since the composite material of the block is not conductor, which enables a great effort and an increase of privacy between the partitions of the house.
In the interior of the block there are empty spaces, in which, when the blocks form a wall, constitutes tight vertical utility channels, for housing and passage of water and waste pipes, electrical cables, telephone cables, internet, etc.
There is also the possibility of installing a central aspiration system, which conducts can be installed in the interior of the structural beams from the base and which rise vertically through the interior of the utility channel defined by the blocks, to the intended height of the sockets.
The walls formed by the blocks according to the invention enable changes after the finishing of the house with any type of flooring without damages, such as: the introduction of new spots of light, electrical sockets, water, lacking only a bore in a site to determine and introduction of a guide in the utility channel to pull and guide the conduct or the conductor up to its outlet.
Junction Corners
The junction corners, according to the invention, are made of high resistance material. They are slightly parallelepipedic parts and with the shape of its upper and lower complementary faces of the ends of the pillars, and laterally the adjacent faces with the complementary shape of the ends of the structural beams. The corners make the junction between the pillars in the vertical direction and between the structural beams in the horizontal direction, and confer robustness to the structure. The *upper face of the corner presents a cover in order to enable the assembly when all the faces are occupied by pillars and beams.
Supports for Flooring Lightweight Beams
The supports for flooring beams are made of high resistance material, and its purpose is to establish the connection and consolidation of the flooring lightweight beams in the structural beam, the attachment of each top of the flooring lightweight beams being made by two cross screws with nut. The connection of the support to the structural beam is made by means of the slits existing in its rear wall, with a configuration which constitutes the reverse of the teeth of the exterior wall of the structural beam.
Horizontal Closure, Lintel or Sill Profiles.
The horizontal closure, lintel or sill profiles, for closure of interior walls and of openings in any walls, are made of high resistance material, which profile includes centrally a recess in which bottom there is a slit for reception of the spring terminal of the fast tightening tensor. It presents close to its longitudinal ends horizontal locking and alignment tabs of the walls of the blocks.
Jambs
The jamb is a profile vertically installed for closure of openings and consolidation on the vertical tops of any walls, made of high resistance material. It is provided with locking and alignment vertical guides in the blocks and bores for application of self-tapping screws, the anchoring of the jamb being made by screws, which end in a metallic band installed in the respective housing on the side faces of the blocks.
Fast Tightening Tensor
The fast tightening tensor that consists on a rounded section rod made of high resistance material has on one of its ends a crimped terminal with screwed tip for reception of the terminal, its other end presenting a crimped terminal with toothed exterior for reception of a fast tight closure. This tensor is inserted vertically, passing, for example, through a conical entrance channel of the upper structural beam, by the utility channel of the walls, its terminal being attached in the conical outlet channel of the lower structural beam. In the upper end it is inserted the fast tight closure, which engagement is established by the teeth of the end of said rod.
The purpose of the fast tightening tensor is to compress the peripheral or interior walls, making them cohesive and flexible.
The high resistance material used for the carrying out of the several components of the construction structure for houses and buildings is, preferably, a composite material reinforced with fibres, which presents great resistance to erosion, to biological agents, to weather and fatigue, wherein its estimated service life is more than 100 years without servicing, and further with a great fire resistance, that is, almost incombustible.

The invention will be now described, in order to be perfectly understood, and its advantages will be highlighted and better understood from the following description of an embodiment thereof given by way of non limiting example, when read in conjunction with the attached drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the reinforced concrete bases or general mat foundations flattered for the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the peripheral and interior structural beams and respective junction corners, which constitute the starting framework of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the peripheral and interior structural beams and respective junction corners and of the flooring lightweight beams, of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the peripheral and interior structural beams and respective junction corners and of the flooring lightweight beams in one direction and in the other, of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the peripheral and interior structural beams and respective junction corners, of the flooring lightweight beams in one direction and in the other and of the pillars, of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the peripheral and interior structural beams and respective junction corners, of the flooring lightweight beams in one direction and in the other, of the pillars and of the standard blocks, of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the peripheral and interior structural beams and respective junction corners, of the flooring lightweight beams in one direction and in the other, of the pillars, of the standard blocks and of the standard structural beams, of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d illustrate respectively one top view, one side view, one bottom view and one cross sectional view of a structural beam of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and 9e illustrate respectively one top view, on side view, one bottom view and a cross sectional view of a flooring lightweight beam of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 10a, 10b and 10c illustrate respectively one side view, one cross sectional view and representations of the several fittings of a pillar of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 11a, 11b, 11c and 11d illustrate respectively one top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view of a standard block of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d illustrate respectively one top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view of an upper closing block for interior walls and for the openings of walls of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d illustrate respectively one top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view of a finishing block of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 14a, 14b, 14c and 14d illustrate respectively one top view, one side view, one cross sectional view and one bottom view of a junction corner of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 15a and 15b illustrate respectively one top view and one cross sectional view of the support for flooring lightweight beams of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 16a and 16b illustrate respectively one top view and one cross sectional view of the horizontal closure, lintel or sill profile, for closing of walls of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 17a and 17b illustrate respectively one top view and one cross sectional view of the jamb for openings of walls of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 18a, 18b and 18c illustrate respectively one top view, one side view and one bottom view of a fast tightening tensor of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention;

FIGS. 19a and 19b illustrate respectively one side view and one top view of the sheet fitting for attachment of the flooring lightweight beams of the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention.

Referring now to the drawings, FIGS. 1 to 13 represent one preferred embodiment which implements the construction structure for houses and buildings according to the present invention. The components of said structure are made of high resistance synthetic composite material reinforced with fibres.
On FIGS. 8a to 8d there are represented respectively one top view, one side view, one bottom view and one cross section of a structural beam A, which consists of two side tubular profiles A′, parallel between each other, of composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres, pultruded. These profiles A′ are bonded together by connection parts 4 of high resistance composite material reinforced with fibres, arranged in regular spaces.
On the exterior walls of said side profiles A′ are arranged longitudinal attachment teeth 5 for attachment of the supports for flooring lightweight beams F. The longitudinal attachment teeth 6 extend along the entire length of said tubular profiles A′, in order to enable the side and height adjustment of the supports for flooring lightweight beams F that will receive the flooring lightweight beams B, B1 that constitute the floors. In this way it is possible to vary the height that may be necessary concerning the different floor dimensions in accordance of the different types of flooring to place, that is, the “floor” can rise or descend. As well as in the realization of the pendent of the flat cover, one of the sides becoming over lifted, that is, the “slab” becoming tilted.
These standard structural beams A have 600 cm or 800 cm with a section of 250×250 mm, with an estimated weight of 120 or 160 Kg, its length being able to be reduced in multiples of 250 and 500 mm according to the project requirements.
The extending of the structural beams A is made in a butt wise through the insertion of tubes in the interior of reinforcement, halted by chemical connections or mechanical connections.
The beam A presents in the top a conical channel 1 with inlet for the introduction of fast tight tensors, constituting the respective faces of said conical channel 1, upper and lower 1, the stoppers for tightening of said tensors.
In the interior housing part of said side profiles A′ there are arranged insulation thermal materials 6 on the exterior side of the house and acoustic insulation materials 2 on the interior side of the house. On the walls of the interior part of said side profiles there are arranged threaded bores 3 for receiving screws, by means of which it is realized the union between the structural beam A and an adjacent junction corner E0. On the central space between the two side profiles A′, which constitute the structural beam A, there are arranged small connection parts 4, of slightly quadrangular tubular shape, with 60 mm length with gaps of 500 mm, which realize the connection and consolidation of the two profiles A′ between each other, and said space defining a utility channel for arrangement of the functional infra-structures.
These structural beams launch the starting of the base as well as its closure, integrally running through on the exterior peripheral walls, running through also on the interior walls in case it is structurally justified, on the intermediate floors and cover.
On FIGS. 9a to 9e there are represented respectively one top view, one side view, one bottom view, one cross section and one amplification of said cross section of a flooring lightweight beam B made of composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres, pultruded, which consists in a compartmented rectangular section tubular profile, in which upper part are arranged two grooves parallel between each other, in the interior of which there are mounted wood rules 1. On its top parts there is centrally arranged a longitudinal slit 7 and on the side faces and on the bottom longitudinal slits 10 for the introduction of flat head screws and of square section for multiple attachments. The profile has two opposed L tabs 12 on the lower face.
The central interior core of the profile presents guides 9 for the introduction of removable reinforcement bands 11 to increase its resistance. Due to the fact that this flooring lightweight beam includes the removable reinforcement bands makes it possible that on said flooring lightweight beam, when cut transversally in shorter portions B1, the reinforcement bands are able to be eliminated, without changing the exterior configuration of the flooring lightweight beam B.
These flooring lightweight beams B are intended to constitute the base for the separation flooring between the different floors and support themselves by the tops, with the interposition of supports for lightweight beams F on said connection teeth 6 of said structural beams A.
Said wood rules 1 are intended to the laying of the finishing floor and for its respective solidification, for example, by means of nails.
The flooring between floors is, preferably, constituted by one grid arrangement, constituted by said flooring lightweight beams B in one direction and in the other, the transverse direction, by flooring lightweight beam portions B1 cut and which are fitted on the other beams by its tops, which are configured by machining as the negative of the L tab 4 and attached also between each other by the mechanical attachment fittings J.
Said arrangement of the flooring lightweight beams B, B′ constitutes the base or the slab of each floor of the construction structure for houses and buildings, and extends integrally, always bounded by the structural beams.
In FIGS. 10a to 10e there are represented respectively one side view, one cross sectional view and one representation of the fittings of the pillar C, made of composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres, pultruded, which consists of a slightly octagonal section tubular profile C1, with four pentagonal vertical removable profiles 14. The interior of the tubular profile C1 is filled with high density thermal insulation. The tubular profile C1 ends interiorly on a rounded section tubular wall C2. The pillar C with the respective removable pentagonal profiles placed define a slightly square profile with 2750×250×250 mm. The top end of the octagonal profile projects from said removable pentagonal profiles 14 of 30 mm, the bottom end being reverse, that is, constitute the negative of the top end with the corresponding dimension, in order to provide great robustness to the structure and imperviousness by its fitting in said respective junction corners E.
The pentagonal removable profiles 14 enable the lateral assembly of the blocks, its attachment on said octagonal tubular profile C1 being made by means of self-tapping screws 7 arranged along its height. The pentagonal removable profiles 14 have, on its outermost apex, a vertical slit 15 along its entire length, for fitting of corner support metallic profiles 17 for assembly of the ventilated facade. On each side of the vertical slit 15 the pentagonal removable profiles 14 further present two further slits 15′, for fitting the lateral support metallic profiles 13 for assembly of the ventilated facade.
On the recesses defined between the pentagonal removable profiles 14 there are mounted the profiled parts 16 and 19, the profiled part 16 being intended to close the top of the pillar, increasing its resistance, and the profiled part, the profile 19, being intended to serve for the establishment of the connection of the blocks D, D′, D″ which constitutes the walls of the construction structure for houses and buildings.
The pillars C are used whenever it is justified the vertical structural reinforcement and as connecting elements between perpendicular walls.
In FIGS. 11a to 11d there are represented, respectively, one top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view of a standard block D, made of composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres, extruded, which is a lightweight part with an high resistance to compression and a good shock resistance, with 500×250×250 mm, having an approximate weight of 5 kg. The standard block is constituted by two lateral tubular profiles D1, bonded together by a central tubular profile D2.
The standard blocks D are connected between each other by means of the male fitting 30 at the top end, of the female fitting 31 at the bottom end, of the male fitting 25 at one side end and of the female fitting 28 at the other side end, there being assured a great cohesion at the connection of the blocks D without the use of any adhesives, the walls staying however, watertight, but being the walls water vapour permeable, the passage being, due to the steam tension, effected by the horizontal junction between the blocks D and the undulated interior wall 24 of the utility channel 25. Preferably, the male fitting 26 of the side end and the female fitting 26 of the other side end present the shape of trapezoidal fittings (dovetail), which increases the resistance and helps the assembly, even in the presence of wind. This kind of fitting enables that the assembly is made by means of non-skilled workforce, there being obtained an end product of great quality.
This type of construction assures excellent behaviours, even in the presence of extreme temperature differentials, that is, too cold in the exterior and too hot in the interior of the house and vice-versa, there being prevented condensations of difficult resolution.
Its easy handling and assembly provide high laying rhythms even without elevation means. For example: winches, cranes, etc.
The arrangement of vertical housings 29, on the side faces of the blocks D, enables the introduction of metallic bands with certain spacing, which assures the possibility of a simple, multipurpose and of great efficacy mechanical attachment in accordance with the finishing liners. For example: gypsum plasterboards, plywood, etc.
The front and rear faces of the blocks D present vertical “T” slits 22 for the introduction of metallic profiles, with regular spacing between each other, in order to enable the attachment of ventilated liners, whether interiorly or exteriorly.
The faces of the lateral ends of the blocks D present slits 23 for the introduction of metallic bands.
The faces of the lateral ends of the blocks D present vertical housings 29, which enable the introduction of reinforcement metallic bands, which assure a solid mechanical attachment for some components of the construction structure for houses and buildings.
In the formed walls, with the blocks D, D′, D″ according to the invention, it is excluded any type of bonding adhesive of cement base or other, cutting by the roots the peeling off problems.
Said walls can receive several liners, with different length and width, said liners being only limited by its own resistance. The dovetail type texture with relief 20 on the interior and exterior walls of the blocks enables the direct bonding of any finishing liners, such as tiles, for example, in bathrooms, kitchens, etc. Since said walls are naturally ventilated, through which it is suppressed the appearance of blooms, namely the ones originated in the mortar, petrous and ceramic finishing liners.
On the interior part of the exterior side wall of the block there is arranged the thermal insulation 21 of great efficacy and without rupture, since the composite material of the block is not conductor, which assures a great comfort and a great energy saving.
On the interior part of the interior side wall of the block there is arranged the acoustic insulation 27, of great efficacy and without rupture since the composite material of the block is not conductor, which assures a great comfort and an increase of privacy between the partitions of the house.
There is situated in the interior of the block an empty space which, when the blocks D form a wall, constitutes a water tight vertical utility channel 25, for the passage of service infra-structures, such as water pipes, sewage, electrical cables, telephonic cables, internet, etc. This tight vertical utility channel 25 receives water pipes and sewage up to 110 mm.
There is also the possibility of installing a central aspirating system, which conducts can be installed in the interior of the structural beams of the base and installed in the interior of said utility channels 25 defined by the blocks, through which they rise in the vertical, up to the intended height of the sockets.
The walls formed by the blocks D, D′, D″ according to the invention enable changes after the conclusion of the house with any type of liner without damages, such as: the introduction of new spots of light, electrical sockets, water, lacking only a bore in the site to determine and introduction of a guide in order to pull and guide the conduct or the conductor up to the outlet.
In FIGS. 12a to 12d there are represented, respectively, one top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view of a closure block D′ for interior walls, made of composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres, extruded, which is a high resistance compression lightweight part and of good shock resistance. The finishing block is constituted by two lateral tubular profiles D1, bonded together by a central tubular profile D3.
This block only differs from the standard block by the fact that the intermediate profile D2 which defines the utility channel 25 presents on its top a recess which defines a female fitting 32. This female fitting 32 is intended to receive a wall closing profile G and/or a sill G of a wall opening, the respective wall through said wall closing profile G or sill G being consolidated by fast tight tensors I.
In FIGS. 13a to 13d there are represented, respectively, one top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view of a finishing block B″ for interior walls, which is a high resistance compression lightweight part and of good shock resistance, with 250×250×250 mm, made of composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres, extruded. The finishing block is constituted by two lateral tubular profiles D4 with the same configuration of the tubular profiles D1, but with lower length, bonded together by a central tubular profile D5.
The finishing block D″ only differs from the standard block by the fact that it has half of the length and the spacing of the partitions of the utility channel is more reduced.
The finishing block D″ is intended to provide greater flexibility in the elaboration of the interior partitions, being suitable to be shortened always in multiples of 50 mm per cut in the cut zones 11. Its interior utility channel presents reduced channels with gaps of 50 mm between each other, its partitions extending up to the exterior face of the block.
In case of cut, the same should be executed always in the direction of the male fitting 26 to the female fitting 28, the top of the block staying always with the possibility of installing the reinforcement metallic bands to the top and bottom attachments.
In FIGS. 14a to 14d there are represented, respectively, one top view, one side view, one cross sectional view and one bottom view of a junction corner, made of composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres, pultruded, which are slightly parallelepipedic parts wherein the shape of its upper and lower faces are slightly complementary of the ends of the pillars, and laterally, with the complementary shape of the ends of the structural beams.
The junction corner E presents on the upper face a male fitting 37, which is part of a cover 37 a, on the lower face a female fitting 39, on the side faces a central technical window 34 for accessing to its interior, each one of the side faces presenting in its lateral ends four bores 36 vertically aligned, in a total of eight bores per face, which allow the introduction of screws for attachment of the beams A. The corner presents interiorly a vertical tubular wall of rounded section, which actuates as union and reinforcement element, between the top and the bottom, the central tubular profile presenting four treaded bores 35 opposed for insertion of the locking screws of the nut 33, installed in its interior, which consists of a portion of a hexagon rod which possesses an interior thread on the top and on the bottom, with a massive intermediate portion. Said cover 37 a is intended to enable the access to said locking screws of the nut 33 as well as to said attachment screws of the beams A, when all the faces of the corner are occupied by pillars and beams.
On the centre of its exterior wall the junction corner E presents a chamfer 38 which extends throughout its entire periphery, for reception of a flat tip locking treaded pin.
The junction corner has for its function to receive the beams and the pillars, assuring its interconnection and the robustness to the set.
In FIGS. 15a and 15b there are represented, respectively, one top view and one cross sectional view of the support for flooring lightweight beams F, of composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres, pultruded, which has for its object to establish the connection and consolidation of the flooring lightweight beams B, B1 at the structural beam A, the attachment of each top of the flooring lightweight beams B, B′ being made by two cross screws with nut which pass by the bores 41. The connection of the support to the structural beam F is made by means of the slits 40 existing at its rear wall, with a configuration which constitutes the reverse of the teeth of the exterior wall of the structural beam A.
With its use it is verified also the consolidation of the base structural beams in the reinforced concrete general mat foundation, through the opening of bores on the base thereof and introduction of treaded rod with nut by the inferior part of the support and counter nut on the upper part. The attachment of the rod to the ground is made by mechanical or chemical bushing.
In FIGS. 16a and 16b there are represented, respectively, one top view and one cross sectional view of a horizontal closure, lintel or sill profile G for closing of walls, made of composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres, pultruded. The profile includes centrally a recess/boss 44 in which bottom there is a slot 42 for reception of the terminal of the fast tightening tensor I and which presents close to its longitudinal ends horizontal locking and alignment tabs 43 of the blocks D, D′, D″ of the walls.
In FIGS. 17a and 17b there are represented, respectively, one side view and one cross sectional view of one jamb H made of composite material reinforced by high resistance fibres, pultruded, which comprises a vertical locking and alignment guide 46 of the blocks and bores 45 for application of self-tapping screws, its anchoring being verified at the top of the block by introduction in a metallic band inserted in the block D, D′, D″.
In FIGS. 18a, 18b and 18c there are represented, respectively, one top view, one side view and one bottom view of a fast tightening tensor I, made of high resistance composite material reinforced with fibres which consists of a rounded section rod 48 which has at one of its ends a crimped metallic terminal with treaded tip for reception of the terminal 49, its other end presenting a crimped metallic terminal with the exterior toothed for reception of the fast tight closure 47. This tensor is vertically inserted, passing through a conical entrance channel of the upper structural beam, by the utility channel of the walls, its striking terminal being attached on the conical outlet channel of the lower structural beam. At the upper end it is inserted the fast tight closure 47, which engagement is established by the teeth of the end of the rod 48. The fast tightening tensor has for its purpose to compress the peripheral or interior walls, making them cohesive and flexible.
In FIGS. 19a and 19b there are represented, respectively, one side view and one top view of the locking fitting J of flooring lightweight beams, which consists of a steel sheet stamped and bended at 90° with a bore on each face, each side face presenting a protrusion 50 for fitting on the longitudinal recess of the flooring lightweight beam B, B′.
The attachment is realized with the introduction of the flat head and square section screw in the side slit of the flooring lightweight beam, following the nut tightening on the exterior of the fitting, a great resistance to cut being obtained.
This fitting is also used in the consolidation of the structural beams A at the base to the mat foundation, through the opening of a bore on the base thereof and introduction of treaded rod with nut on the inferior part of the support and counter nut on the upper part. The attachment of the rod on the mat foundation is made by mechanical or chemical bushing.

Claims

1- Construction structure for houses and buildings, characterized by comprising:

multiple structural beams (A);

multiple flooring lightweight beams (B, B′);

multiple pillars (C);

multiple upper closure and/or finishing standard blocks (D, D′, D″);

multiple junction corners (E);

multiple supports for flooring lightweight beams (F);

multiple horizontal closure, lintel or sill profiles (G);

multiple jambs (H);

multiple attachment fittings.

2- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claim 1, characterized in that the structural beams (A) are reinforced beams, made of high resistance material, which consists of two tubular profiles (A′), parallel between each other and connected between each other by mechanical connections (4), made of high resistance material, in that on its exterior walls exist longitudinal connection teeth throughout its length to enable side and height adjustments, and in that the structural beams are, whenever it is necessary, laterally extended through the insertion in the interior of tubes attached by chemical or mechanical connections.

3- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claim 1, characterized in that the flooring lightweight beams (B, B′) are beams made of high resistance material, which consists on a compartmentalised tubular profile, which upper part presents two grooves parallel between each other, in the interior of which there are mounted two rules of an adequate material.

4- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claim 1, characterized in that the pillars (C) are constituted by a tubular profile (C1) of adequate section and standard length, made of high resistance material, which interior is filled with thermal insulation material, interiorly ended, by an adequate section tubular wall (C2), and by removable vertical corner profiles (14), connected by means of mechanical connections at several points along the vertical running of said tubular profile (C1), said removable vertical corner profiles (14) being intended to enable the lateral assembly of the blocks (D, D′, D″), wherein the upper end of said tubular profile (C1) surpasses the tops of the removable vertical profiles (14), and in that the lower end of said tubular profile (C1) is retracted in relation to the bottom of said removable vertical profile (14), in order to provide structural robustness by its fit in the respective junction corners (E) and in the following pillar (C).

5- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claim 1, characterized in that the blocks (D, D′, D″) are lightweight parts with high compression and shock resistance, with standard dimensions, presenting three different forms, the standard block (D), the closing block (D′) and the finishing block (D″), in that the blocks (D, D′, D″) are made of high resistance material and are connected between each other by means of top male (30) and bottom female (31) end fittings and male (26) and female (28) side fittings, great cohesion being assured in the connection of the blocks without the use of any adhesives, the walls staying however impermeable, wherein the male and female side fittings have a trapezoidal shape.

6- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claim 5, characterized in that the front and rear walls of the blocks are textured (20), presenting dovetail type low relief negatives.

7- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claims 5 and 6, characterized in that thermal insulation (6) is arranged on the lower part of the front wall of the block and in that acoustic insulation (2) is arranged on the interior part of the rear wall of the block and in that the central empty space of the intermediate profile constitutes the utility channel (25).

8- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claim 1, characterized in that the junction corners (E) are made of high resistance material, are slightly parallelepipedic parts and the shape of its upper and lower faces is slightly complementary of the ends of the pillars (C), and the shape of its front, rear and side faces is slightly complementary of the ends of the structural beams (A), the corners making the junction between the pillars (C) in the vertical direction and the junction between the structural beams (A) in the horizontal direction and in that it presents on the upper face a cover (37 a).

9- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claim 1, characterized in that the support for flooring beams (F) is made of high resistance composite material, the connection of said support (F) to the structural beam (A) being made by means of the slits existing in its rear wall (21), with a configuration which constitutes the reverse of said teeth (5) of the exterior wall of the structural beam (A).

10- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal closure, lintel or sill profiles (G), for closing of interior walls and of openings in any walls, are made of high resistance material, which profile includes centrally a recess/boss (44) in which bottom there is a slot (42) for the reception of the terminal (49) of the fast tightening tensor (I) and which presents close to its longitudinal ends locking and alignment horizontal tabs (43) of the blocks of the walls.

11- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claim 1, characterized in that the jamb (H) is a vertical profile for closing of openings on any walls, and is made of high resistance material, which comprises locking and alignment vertical tabs (46) on the blocks and bores (45) for application of self-tapping screws.

12- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to the claim 1, characterized in that the fast tightening tensor consists of a rod made of high resistance material of rounded section which has in one of its ends a crimped metallic terminal with treaded tip for reception of the terminal (49), its other end presenting a crimped metallic terminal with toothed exterior for reception of the fast tight closure (47).

13- Construction structure for houses and buildings according to claims 2 to 9 and 11 to 13, characterized in that the high resistance material is a composite material reinforced with fibres, pultruded or extruded, which presents a great resistance to erosion, biological agents, weather and fatigue, wherein its estimated service life is more than 100 years without servicing, and which further presents a great fire resistance.