US20160207037A1 - Methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air - Google Patents
Methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air Download PDFInfo
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- US20160207037A1 US20160207037A1 US15/066,042 US201615066042A US2016207037A1 US 20160207037 A1 US20160207037 A1 US 20160207037A1 US 201615066042 A US201615066042 A US 201615066042A US 2016207037 A1 US2016207037 A1 US 2016207037A1
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- sorbent
- dioxide gas
- moisture swing
- wetting
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007728 cost analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/04—Processes using organic exchangers
-
- B01J49/0073—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/025—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with wetted adsorbents; Chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
- B01J49/50—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor characterised by the regeneration reagents
- B01J49/57—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor characterised by the regeneration reagents for anionic exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
- B01D2253/202—Polymeric adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
- B01D2253/206—Ion exchange resins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/25—Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/06—Polluted air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
- B01D2259/40086—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by using a purge gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- aspects of the disclosed subject matter include methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air and for regenerating a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air.
- an amine-based anion exchange resin dispersed in a flat sheet of polypropylene is prepared in alkaline forms so that it captures carbon dioxide from air.
- the resin with quaternary ammonium cations attached to the polymer structure and hydroxide or carbonate groups as mobile counterions, absorbs carbon dioxide when dry and releases it when wet. In ambient air, the moist resin dries spontaneously and subsequently absorbs carbon dioxide. This constitutes a moisture induced cycle, which stands in contrast to thermal pressure swing based cycles.
- the absorption and desorption process is described well by a Langmuir isothermal model. The equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide over the resin at a given loading state can be increased significantly by wetting the resin.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a moisture swing sorbent according to some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of methods and systems according to some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter
- FIG. 3 is a chart of a method according to some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
- FIG. 4 is a chart of a method according to some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
- aspects of the disclosed subject matter include methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air.
- Some embodiments include the use of a water swing at room temperature or a humidity swing at elevated temperatures to release the carbon dioxide capture by the sorbent.
- the loaded sorbent is wetted, e.g., either by submersion in water or increased humidity via spraying of water droplets, to release the carbon dioxide gas and the gas is collected via a vacuum.
- the carbon dioxide gas is then compressed to liquid form and the sorbent dried for re-use.
- System 100 for regenerating a moisture swing sorbent 102 for carbon dioxide 104 capture from air 106 .
- System 100 includes a wetting module 108 , a carbon dioxide collection module 110 , and a drying chamber 112 , all of which are in fluid communication with one another.
- Wetting module 108 includes a wetting chamber 114 for wetting moisture swing sorbent 102 , which is substantially dry and loaded with bicarbonate 116 .
- Bicarbonate 116 is substantially formed with carbon dioxide 104 captured from air 106 .
- Moisture swing sorbent 102 is typically wetted until bicarbonate 116 in the sorbent decomposes to carbonate 118 and a stream 119 including water 120 and carbon dioxide gas 122 .
- Carbon dioxide gas 122 is substantially released from moisture swing sorbent 102 .
- Wetting module 108 includes a supply 123 of water 120 in fluid connection with wetting chamber 114 .
- wetting module 108 includes a filling mechanism 126 , e.g., a conduit and valve, to fill wetting chamber 114 with water 120 .
- wetting module 108 includes a spray mechanism 128 for spraying droplets 130 of water 120 on moisture swing sorbent 102 , which is positioned in wetting chamber 114 .
- Carbon dioxide collection module 110 includes a vacuum chamber 132 , a condenser 133 for removing water 120 from stream 119 , a pump 134 for creating a vacuum on a side 136 of moisture swing sorbent 102 to pull carbon dioxide gas 122 released from the moisture swing sorbent out of wetting chamber 114 , and a compressor 138 for compressing the carbon dioxide gas into a liquid form 122 ′.
- vacuum chamber 132 does not cover all of moisture swing sorbent 102 , e.g., it has a bubble-shaped cover (not shown) that only covers portions of the sorbent thus avoiding the need for a full vacuum chamber.
- Drying chamber 112 dries moisture swing sorbent 102 , which is substantially free of carbon dioxide 104 and bicarbonate 116 .
- spin drying is used to increase the amount of water 120 recovered from moisture swing sorbent 102 .
- a heat 140 generated by condenser 133 and compressor 138 is used to dry moisture swing sorbent 102 .
- the carbon dioxide released from the sorbent is re-dissolved into a solvent on the other side of the sorbent, e.g., re-dissolved into a sodium carbonate solution for capture and quantification of amount captured.
- a sweep gas that flows through the sorbent is used to capture and collect the carbon dioxide released from the sorbent.
- a counter-stream design is used, i.e., carbon dioxide and water vapor are transferred from nearly depleted and heated sorbent to partially loaded sorbent and fully loaded sorbent, which leaves the sorbent more depleted and less wet. The carbon dioxide concentration increases until it exits from end of the freshest sorbent.
- some embodiments include a method 200 for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air.
- a heterogeneous ion-exchange material is provided.
- the original exchangeable anions of the material are chloride ions.
- the material has a thickness of about 0.1 to about 1.5 millimeters and is a co-extruded sheet that includes a polymer matrix and a resin powder having quaternary ammonium functional groups.
- the resin powder is about 50 to about 70 percent by weight of the sheet and includes resin particles having a size of about 20 ⁇ m to about 60 ⁇ m.
- the sheet has a surface area of about 2.0 square meters per gram and the surface area of the resin powder is about 400 times an apparent surface area of the sheet.
- the sheet has a porous structure with pore sizes ranging from about 2 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m and the porous structure includes spaces between the resin powder resin and the polymer matrix.
- the material is soaked in deionized water. In some embodiments, the material is soaked for a period of about 24 to about 48 hours.
- the material is washed in hydroxide or carbonate solutions to replace the chloride ions with hydroxide or carbonate ions.
- the material is washed in one of a 1.0 M sodium hydroxide solution and a 0.5 M sodium carbonate solution.
- the material is rinsed in deionized water.
- the deionized water has a temperature of about 89 to about 95 degrees Celsius.
- Step 210 residuals of the soaking and the washing steps are collected and titrated into a residual solution.
- the amount of chloride in the residual solution is measured. Steps 202 thru 212 are repeated if the amount of chloride measured in the residual solution is greater than zero.
- the material is dried using either dry nitrogen gas or air free of carbon dioxide and water.
- some embodiments include a method 300 of regenerating a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air.
- a moisture swing sorbent that is substantially dry and loaded with bicarbonate substantially formed with carbon dioxide captured from air is provided.
- the moisture swing sorbent is wetted until the bicarbonate in the sorbent decomposes to carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide gas. When wetted, the carbon dioxide gas is substantially released from the sorbent.
- the carbon dioxide gas is collected.
- a vacuum is created to collect the carbon dioxide gas.
- the collected carbon dioxide gas is compressed until it is in a liquid form.
- the moisture swing sorbent is dried until it is substantially dry.
- Moisture swing offers a new approach to regenerating carbon dioxide sorbents. It trades input of heat in a thermal swing, or mechanical energy in a pressure-based swing, against the consumption of water, whose evaporation provides the free energy that drives the cycle. Such an energy source as water is low in cost. Compared to water consumption in biomass production, water consumption in a moisture swing is orders of magnitude smaller. Moisture swing driven absorption cycles are of interest to air capture but also may prove of interest in other situations, as for example in capture from natural gas fired power plants.
Abstract
Methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: providing a heterogeneous ion-exchange material; soaking the material in deionized water; washing the material in hydroxide or carbonate solutions; rinsing the material in deionized water; collecting and titrating residuals of the soaking and the washing steps into a residual solution; measuring an amount of chloride in the residual solution; repeating all of the steps if the amount of chloride measured in the residual solution is greater than zero; and drying the material with either dry nitrogen gas or air free of carbon dioxide and water.
Description
- This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/240,053 filed Feb. 21, 2014, now patented under U.S. Pat. No. 9,283,510, which was the National Stage International of Patent Application no. PCT/US2012/051717, filed Aug. 21, 2012, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/526,063, filed Aug. 22, 2011, the entireties of which are incorporated by reference as if disclosed herein.
- Current carbon capture and storage (CCS) techniques focus on capture from large point sources. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, about 60 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuels are attributed to large stationary sources. Assuming 90 percent capture efficiency and 90 percent coverage of all sources, about 50 percent of global emissions would still be released into the atmosphere. This is far too much to allow for the stabilization of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and insufficient to constrain the growth of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations as the world economy grows.
- Direct capture of carbon dioxide from ambient air was first suggested by Lackner et al. in 1999 as a method to counteract global warming. Energy requirement and cost analysis studies claim that air capture is feasible and economically viable. At the same time, the uncertainty in economic assessments for future air capture implementation is significant, considering technique and market development. Success will depend on a more energy efficient sorbent cycle.
- Aspects of the disclosed subject matter include methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air and for regenerating a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air.
- Referring now to
FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, an amine-based anion exchange resin dispersed in a flat sheet of polypropylene is prepared in alkaline forms so that it captures carbon dioxide from air. The resin, with quaternary ammonium cations attached to the polymer structure and hydroxide or carbonate groups as mobile counterions, absorbs carbon dioxide when dry and releases it when wet. In ambient air, the moist resin dries spontaneously and subsequently absorbs carbon dioxide. This constitutes a moisture induced cycle, which stands in contrast to thermal pressure swing based cycles. The absorption and desorption process is described well by a Langmuir isothermal model. The equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide over the resin at a given loading state can be increased significantly by wetting the resin. - The drawings show embodiments of the disclosed subject matter for the purpose of illustrating the invention. However, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a moisture swing sorbent according to some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of methods and systems according to some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; -
FIG. 3 is a chart of a method according to some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; and -
FIG. 4 is a chart of a method according to some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. - Aspects of the disclosed subject matter include methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air. Some embodiments include the use of a water swing at room temperature or a humidity swing at elevated temperatures to release the carbon dioxide capture by the sorbent. Typically, the loaded sorbent is wetted, e.g., either by submersion in water or increased humidity via spraying of water droplets, to release the carbon dioxide gas and the gas is collected via a vacuum. The carbon dioxide gas is then compressed to liquid form and the sorbent dried for re-use.
- Referring now to
FIG. 2 , some embodiments include asystem 100 for regenerating amoisture swing sorbent 102 forcarbon dioxide 104 capture fromair 106.System 100 includes awetting module 108, a carbondioxide collection module 110, and a dryingchamber 112, all of which are in fluid communication with one another. - Wetting
module 108 includes a wettingchamber 114 for wettingmoisture swing sorbent 102, which is substantially dry and loaded with bicarbonate 116. Bicarbonate 116 is substantially formed withcarbon dioxide 104 captured fromair 106.Moisture swing sorbent 102 is typically wetted until bicarbonate 116 in the sorbent decomposes to carbonate 118 and astream 119 includingwater 120 andcarbon dioxide gas 122.Carbon dioxide gas 122 is substantially released frommoisture swing sorbent 102. Wettingmodule 108 includes asupply 123 ofwater 120 in fluid connection with wettingchamber 114. In some embodiments, wettingmodule 108 includes afilling mechanism 126, e.g., a conduit and valve, to fill wettingchamber 114 withwater 120. In some embodiments, wettingmodule 108 includes aspray mechanism 128 for sprayingdroplets 130 ofwater 120 onmoisture swing sorbent 102, which is positioned in wettingchamber 114. - Carbon
dioxide collection module 110 includes avacuum chamber 132, acondenser 133 for removingwater 120 fromstream 119, apump 134 for creating a vacuum on aside 136 ofmoisture swing sorbent 102 to pullcarbon dioxide gas 122 released from the moisture swing sorbent out of wettingchamber 114, and acompressor 138 for compressing the carbon dioxide gas into aliquid form 122′. In some embodiments,vacuum chamber 132 does not cover all ofmoisture swing sorbent 102, e.g., it has a bubble-shaped cover (not shown) that only covers portions of the sorbent thus avoiding the need for a full vacuum chamber. - Drying
chamber 112 driesmoisture swing sorbent 102, which is substantially free ofcarbon dioxide 104 and bicarbonate 116. In some embodiments, spin drying is used to increase the amount ofwater 120 recovered frommoisture swing sorbent 102. In some embodiments, aheat 140 generated bycondenser 133 andcompressor 138 is used to drymoisture swing sorbent 102. - In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide released from the sorbent is re-dissolved into a solvent on the other side of the sorbent, e.g., re-dissolved into a sodium carbonate solution for capture and quantification of amount captured. In some embodiments, a sweep gas that flows through the sorbent is used to capture and collect the carbon dioxide released from the sorbent. In some embodiments, a counter-stream design is used, i.e., carbon dioxide and water vapor are transferred from nearly depleted and heated sorbent to partially loaded sorbent and fully loaded sorbent, which leaves the sorbent more depleted and less wet. The carbon dioxide concentration increases until it exits from end of the freshest sorbent.
- Referring now to
FIG. 3 , some embodiments include amethod 200 for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air. - At 202, a heterogeneous ion-exchange material is provided. In some embodiments, the original exchangeable anions of the material are chloride ions. In some embodiments, the material has a thickness of about 0.1 to about 1.5 millimeters and is a co-extruded sheet that includes a polymer matrix and a resin powder having quaternary ammonium functional groups. In some embodiments, the resin powder is about 50 to about 70 percent by weight of the sheet and includes resin particles having a size of about 20 μm to about 60 μm. In some embodiments, the sheet has a surface area of about 2.0 square meters per gram and the surface area of the resin powder is about 400 times an apparent surface area of the sheet. In some embodiments, the sheet has a porous structure with pore sizes ranging from about 2μm to about 50 μm and the porous structure includes spaces between the resin powder resin and the polymer matrix.
- At 204, the material is soaked in deionized water. In some embodiments, the material is soaked for a period of about 24 to about 48 hours.
- At 206, the material is washed in hydroxide or carbonate solutions to replace the chloride ions with hydroxide or carbonate ions. In some embodiments, the material is washed in one of a 1.0 M sodium hydroxide solution and a 0.5 M sodium carbonate solution.
- At 208, the material is rinsed in deionized water. In some embodiments, the deionized water has a temperature of about 89 to about 95 degrees Celsius.
- At 210, residuals of the soaking and the washing steps are collected and titrated into a residual solution. At 212, the amount of chloride in the residual solution is measured.
Steps 202 thru 212 are repeated if the amount of chloride measured in the residual solution is greater than zero. - At 214, the material is dried using either dry nitrogen gas or air free of carbon dioxide and water.
- Referring now to
FIG. 4 , some embodiments include amethod 300 of regenerating a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air. At 302, a moisture swing sorbent that is substantially dry and loaded with bicarbonate substantially formed with carbon dioxide captured from air is provided. - At 304, the moisture swing sorbent is wetted until the bicarbonate in the sorbent decomposes to carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide gas. When wetted, the carbon dioxide gas is substantially released from the sorbent.
- At 306, the carbon dioxide gas is collected. In some embodiments, a vacuum is created to collect the carbon dioxide gas. In some embodiments, the collected carbon dioxide gas is compressed until it is in a liquid form.
- At 308, the moisture swing sorbent is dried until it is substantially dry.
- Moisture swing offers a new approach to regenerating carbon dioxide sorbents. It trades input of heat in a thermal swing, or mechanical energy in a pressure-based swing, against the consumption of water, whose evaporation provides the free energy that drives the cycle. Such an energy source as water is low in cost. Compared to water consumption in biomass production, water consumption in a moisture swing is orders of magnitude smaller. Moisture swing driven absorption cycles are of interest to air capture but also may prove of interest in other situations, as for example in capture from natural gas fired power plants.
- Although the disclosed subject matter has been described and illustrated with respect to embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that features of the disclosed embodiments can be combined, rearranged, etc., to produce additional embodiments within the scope of the invention, and that various other changes, omissions, and additions may be made therein and thereto, without parting from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A method of regenerating a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air said method comprising:
providing a moisture swing sorbent that is substantially dry and loaded with bicarbonate substantially formed with carbon dioxide captured from air;
wetting said moisture swing sorbent until said bicarbonate in said sorbent decomposes to carbonate and a stream including water and carbon dioxide gas, wherein said carbon dioxide gas is substantially released from said sorbent;
collecting said carbon dioxide gas; and
drying said moisture swing sorbent until it is substantially dry.
2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
compressing said carbon dioxide gas into a liquid form.
3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
creating a vacuum to collect said carbon dioxide gas.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
redissolving said carbon dioxide gas into a solvent.
5. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said solvent is a sodium carbonate solution.
6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
condensing said stream to remove water from said stream.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of collecting said carbon dioxide gas includes the step of flowing a sweep gas through said sorbent.
8. A system for regenerating a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air, said system comprising:
a wetting module including a wetting chamber for wetting a moisture swing sorbent that is substantially dry and loaded with bicarbonate substantially formed with carbon dioxide captured from air until said bicarbonate in said sorbent decomposes to carbonate and a stream including water and carbon dioxide gas, wherein said carbon dioxide gas is substantially released from said sorbent;
a carbon dioxide collection module for collecting said carbon dioxide gas released from said moisture swing sorbent and compressing it into a liquid form, said carbon dioxide collection module including a condenser for removing said water from said stream, a pump for creating a vacuum on a side of said moisture swing sorbent to pull said carbon dioxide gas released from said moisture swing sorbent out of said wetting chamber, and a compressor for compressing said carbon dioxide gas it into said liquid form; and
a drying chamber for drying said moisture swing sorbent.
9. A system according to claim 8 , wherein said system is substantially operated at room temperature.
10. A system according to claim 8 , said wetting module further comprising:
a supply of water in fluid connection with said wetting chamber; and
at least one of a filling mechanism to fill said wetting chamber with water and a spray mechanism for spraying water droplets on said moisture swing sorbent positioned in said wetting chamber.
11. A system according to claim 8 , wherein at least one of said condenser and said compressor provide heat to said drying chamber.
12. A system according to claim 8 , wherein said drying chamber is substantially free of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate.
13. A system according to claim 8 , wherein said drying chamber comprises a spin dryer.
14. A system according to claim 8 , wherein said vacuum chamber does not cover all of said moisture swing sorbent.
Priority Applications (1)
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US15/066,042 US20160207037A1 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2016-03-10 | Methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air |
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US201161526063P | 2011-08-22 | 2011-08-22 | |
PCT/US2012/051717 WO2013028688A1 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2012-08-21 | Methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air |
US201414240053A | 2014-06-17 | 2014-06-17 | |
US15/066,042 US20160207037A1 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2016-03-10 | Methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air |
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US14/240,053 Division US9283510B2 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2012-08-21 | Method for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air |
PCT/US2012/051717 Division WO2013028688A1 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2012-08-21 | Methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air |
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US15/066,042 Abandoned US20160207037A1 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2016-03-10 | Methods and systems for producing a moisture swing sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from air |
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EP (1) | EP2747870A4 (en) |
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Cited By (1)
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WO2018208139A1 (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-15 | Monroy Samperi Carlos | System for capturing and monitoring atmospheric pollutants |
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WO2016164563A1 (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-10-13 | Bruce Rittmann | Systems and methods of atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment and delivery to photobioreactors via membrane carbonation |
US10413858B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2019-09-17 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Metal-organic framework-based sorbents and methods of synthesis thereof |
US11655421B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2023-05-23 | Carbon Engineering Ltd. | Method and system for synthesizing fuel from dilute carbon dioxide source |
US10501640B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2019-12-10 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Nanoporous materials, method of manufacture and methods of use |
CN116496018A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2023-07-28 | 蓝色星球系统公司 | Carbonate aggregate compositions and methods of making and using the same |
US11577222B2 (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2023-02-14 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Carbon dioxide capture |
US11571658B2 (en) | 2021-01-04 | 2023-02-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Carbon dioxide capture |
CN112957872B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-04-22 | 西北大学 | Purifying CO2Removal of SO2In a semiconductor device |
US11560322B1 (en) | 2022-04-20 | 2023-01-24 | James Cheng-Shyong Lu | Self-sufficient systems for carbon dioxide removal and sequestration |
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US3134697A (en) | 1959-11-03 | 1964-05-26 | Gen Electric | Fuel cell |
JPS607652B2 (en) | 1976-06-12 | 1985-02-26 | 三菱油化株式会社 | Manufacturing method of anion exchanger |
US5797979A (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1998-08-25 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Removal of acid gases from gas mixtures using ion exchange resins |
JP3644182B2 (en) | 1997-02-27 | 2005-04-27 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Deionized water production equipment |
US6338794B1 (en) * | 1999-11-01 | 2002-01-15 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Desulfurization with zinc titanate sorbents |
US7635062B2 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2009-12-22 | Bha Group, Inc. | Composite membrane |
CN101998876B (en) | 2006-10-02 | 2015-03-25 | 环球研究技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for extracting carbon dioxide from air |
US20090232861A1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2009-09-17 | Wright Allen B | Extraction and sequestration of carbon dioxide |
US20110203311A1 (en) | 2008-08-22 | 2011-08-25 | Wright Allen B | Removal of carbon dioxide from air |
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WO2018208139A1 (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-15 | Monroy Samperi Carlos | System for capturing and monitoring atmospheric pollutants |
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EP2747870A1 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
WO2013028688A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
EP2747870A4 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
US20140356275A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
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