US20160093250A1 - Organic light-emitting diode pixel structure - Google Patents

Organic light-emitting diode pixel structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160093250A1
US20160093250A1 US14/619,158 US201514619158A US2016093250A1 US 20160093250 A1 US20160093250 A1 US 20160093250A1 US 201514619158 A US201514619158 A US 201514619158A US 2016093250 A1 US2016093250 A1 US 2016093250A1
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control component
electrically coupled
pixel structure
layer
emitting diode
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Chia-Hwa Lee
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AU Optronics Corp
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AU Optronics Corp
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Publication of US20160093250A1 publication Critical patent/US20160093250A1/en
Priority to US15/896,261 priority Critical patent/US10354595B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3275—Details of drivers for data electrodes
    • H01L27/3211—
    • H01L27/3248—
    • H01L27/3262—
    • H01L27/3276—
    • H01L51/5218—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/805—Electrodes
    • H10K50/81—Anodes
    • H10K50/818—Reflective anodes, e.g. ITO combined with thick metallic layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/121—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/121—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements
    • H10K59/1213—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements the pixel elements being TFTs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/131—Interconnections, e.g. wiring lines or terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
    • H10K59/353—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels characterised by the geometrical arrangement of the RGB subpixels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/805—Electrodes
    • H10K59/8051—Anodes
    • H10K59/80518—Reflective anodes, e.g. ITO combined with thick metallic layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/02—Composition of display devices
    • G09G2300/023—Display panel composed of stacked panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0666—Adjustment of display parameters for control of colour parameters, e.g. colour temperature

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a transparent display technology, more particularly to a pixel structure for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
  • OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
  • a transparent displayer using OLEDs can be into a display region and a penetrative region according to pixels of the displayer.
  • the display region is disposed with a pixel structure and actually emits light. Since the penetrative region has nothing inside, the back of the displayer can be seen through a transparent substrate. In a pixel, the penetrative region can overlap the display region, be abreast of the display region, or be among monochromatic LEDs. Because the area of the active luminous region is smaller than that of the non-transparent region, the transparent displayer usually has a lower brightness and a lower contrast of the background.
  • the disclosure provides an OLED pixel structure.
  • the OLED pixel structure has a first region and a second region and includes a substrate, a first control component, a first electrode layer, a first luminous layer, a second control component, a second electrode layer, a second luminous layer, and an opposite electrode layer.
  • the substrate is extended to the first region and the second region.
  • the first control component is located on the substrate.
  • the first electrode layer is located in the first region, is electrically coupled to the first control component, and includes a reflection layer.
  • the first luminous layer is located on the first electrode layer and electrically coupled to the first electrode layer.
  • the second control component is located on the substrate.
  • the second electrode layer is transparent, is located in the second region, and is electrically coupled to the second control component.
  • the second luminous layer is located on the second electrode layer and is electrically coupled to the second electrode layer.
  • the opposite electrode layer is located on the first luminous layer and the second luminous layer and is electrically coupled to the first luminous layer and the second luminous layer.
  • the disclosure provides a displayer.
  • the displayer includes the aforementioned OLED pixel structures and a driving unit.
  • the OLED pixel structures are arranged in a matrix form.
  • the driving unit drives the first control components according to first image data to control the first luminous layers to generate a first image according to the first image data.
  • the driving unit also drives the second control components according to second image data to control the second luminous layers to generate a second image according to the second image data.
  • the first image is opaque, and the second image is transparent or translucent.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an OLED pixel structure according to an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the OLED pixel structure according to an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the OLED pixel structure according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 4A to 7 are schematic diagrams of the OLED pixel structure in different embodiments.
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of a displayer according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram of a pixel matrix in the displyer according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of a first image displayed by the first luminous layer according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of a second image displayed by the second luminous layer according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9C is a schematic diagram of a frame image shown on the displayer according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram of a first image displayed by the first luminous layer according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram of a second image displayed by the second luminous layer according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10C is a schematic diagram of a frame image shown on the displayer according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an OLED pixel structure (as referred to pixel structure hereinafter) in the disclosure.
  • the pixel structure provides two main circuit pathes.
  • First one of the two main circuit pathes includes, for example, a first control component (as referred to control component hereinafter) 101 , a first electrode layer 131 , a first luminous layer (as referred to luminous layer hereinafter) 151 , and a opposite electrode layer 161 that are electrically coupled to each other.
  • Second one of the two main circuit pathes includes, for example, a second control component (as referred to control component hereinafter) 102 , a second electrode layer 132 , a second luminous layer (as referred to luminous layer hereinafter) 152 , and a opposite electrode layer 162 that are electrically coupled to each other.
  • a second control component as referred to control component hereinafter
  • a second electrode layer 132 a second electrode layer 132
  • a second luminous layer as referred to luminous layer hereinafter
  • opposite electrode layer 162 that are electrically coupled to each other.
  • control components 101 and 102 respectively drive the luminous layers 151 and 152 according to a data signal DT.
  • data received by the control components 101 and 102 can be different to each other.
  • the control components 101 and 102 are respectively controlled by the control signals S 1 and S 2 separated.
  • the control signals S 1 and S 2 can be power or digital control manner.
  • the first control component 101 can be controlled by or operate according to the control signal S 1 , or the first luminous layer 151 can indirectly be powered by the control signal S 1 .
  • the first control component 101 receives the data signal DT and the first circuit path is enabled, the first luminous layer 151 between the electrode layers 131 and 161 opposite will be driven to emit light.
  • the first electrode layer 131 functions as an anode terminal while the opposite electrode layer 161 functions as a cathode terminal. In another embodiment, the first electrode layer 131 functions as a cathode terminal while the opposite electrode layer 161 functions as an anode terminal.
  • the second control component 102 is controlled by and operates according to the control signal S 2 , and the second luminous layer 152 is indirectly powered by the control signal S 2 .
  • the second control component 102 receives the data signal through the first control component 101 or by being connected to the first control component 101 in parallel and the second circuit path is enabled, the second luminous layer 152 between the electrode layers 132 and 162 will be driven to emit light.
  • the opposite electrode layers 161 and 162 are separated from each other.
  • the luminous layers 151 and 152 share one opposite electrode layer.
  • the electrode layers 161 and 162 are the same or are electrically connected to each other.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the OLED pixel structure in FIG. 1 in the disclosure.
  • the pixel structure further includes a substrate 10 and has a first region and a second region. The first region and the second region correspond to the display region and the penetrative region in the art, respectively.
  • the substrate 10 is extended to the two regions.
  • the control components 101 and 102 are located on the substrate 10 .
  • the control components 101 includes a first thin film transistor (TFT) 11
  • the control component 102 includes a second TFT 12 .
  • the first TFT 11 has a first gate terminal 110 , a first source/a drain terminal 112 , 114 , and a first channel 113 .
  • the first gate terminal 110 of the first TFT 11 is located on the substrate 10 .
  • the first channel 113 is coupled with the terminals 112 and 114 such that charges can flow between the terminals 112 and 114 .
  • the first channel 113 is carried by, for example, semiconductor material.
  • One (e.g. the terminal 114 ) of the terminals 112 and 114 of the first control component 101 is electrically coupled to the first electrode layer 131 in the first region.
  • the first electrode layer 131 includes a reflection layer 14
  • the first electrode layer 131 in FIG. 2 is the conductive part of the first electrode layer.
  • the reflection layer 14 causes that the first region functions as a display region that is opaque and has high contrast.
  • the reflection layer 14 is made of, for example, metal.
  • the first electrode layer 131 and the reflection layer 14 are not independent and belong to the same opaque metallic electrode.
  • the first electrode layer 131 is a transparent electrode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) and is electrically coupled to the reflection layer 14 made of matel. Moreover, the luminous layer 151 on the substrate 10 at least overlaps that of the reflection layer 14 on the substrate 10 . In an embodiment, the terminal 114 is electrically coupled to the first electrode layer 131 through the reflection layer 14 .
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the second TFT 12 has a second gate terminal 120 , a second source/a drain terminal 122 , 124 , and a second channel 123 .
  • the second gate terminal 120 of the second TFT 12 is located on the substrate 10 .
  • the second channel 123 is coupled with the terminals 122 and 124 such that charges can flow between the terminals 122 and 124 .
  • the second channel 123 is carried out by, for example, semiconductor material.
  • One (e.g. the terminal 122 ) of the terminals 122 and 124 of the second control component 102 is electrically coupled to the second electrode layer 132 in the second region.
  • the control components 101 and 102 are opaque and are disposed in the first region.
  • the control components 101 and 102 are disposed behind the reflection layer 14 . In other words, the control components 101 and 102 can be in the shadow that the reflection layer 14 is projected on the substrate 10 .
  • the pixel structure in FIG. 2 further includes a gate insulation layer 17 that is on the substrate 10 and also covers on the gate terminals 110 and 120 .
  • the control components 101 and 102 are partially located on the gate insulation layer 17 .
  • the thin film transistors 11 and 12 except their gate terminals 110 and 120 are located on the gate insulation layer 17 .
  • the first luminous layer 151 is located on the first electrode layer 131
  • the second luminous layer 152 is located on the second electrode layer 132 .
  • the luminous layers 151 and 152 share the opposite electrode layer 16 that is located on the luminous layers 151 and 152 .
  • the first electrode layer 131 , the first luminous layer 151 , and the opposite electrode layer 16 are electrically coupled to each other, and the second electrode layer 132 , the second luminous layer 152 , and the opposite electrode layer 16 are electrically coupled to each other.
  • the second electrode layer 132 can be made of, for example, transparent material.
  • the second luminous layer 152 , the opposite electrode layer 16 , and the substrate 10 can be made of, for example, transparent or translucent material.
  • the second region can be a penetrative region with a variable transparence value.
  • the backlight behine or under the substrate 10 can pass through the substrate 10 and travel upon or before the opposite electrode layer 16 .
  • the second luminous layer 152 will display images with relative lower contrast.
  • the first region may overlap the second region or not.
  • there is a partition layer 18 between the luminous layers 151 and 152 on the substrate 10 and the first region and the second region in the partition layer 18 partially overlap each other along the horizontal direction of FIG. 2 .
  • the first electrode layer 131 may be not electrically coupled to the second electrode layer 132 or the second luminous layer 152 and the second electrode layer 132 may be not electrically coupled to the first luminous layer 151 .
  • the pixel structure further includes at least one flat layer 19 at least in the first region, especially on the thin film transistors 11 and 12 , such that the first electrode layer 131 can be formed on the smooth surface.
  • the flat layer 19 can be made of, for instance, silicon nitride.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of an embodiment of the OLED pixel structure in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 3 does not show the opposite electrode layer 16 in FIG. 2 .
  • the pixel structure includes, for example, first luminous layers 151 R, 151 G and 151 B in the first region and includes, for example, second luminous layers 152 R, 152 G and 152 B in the second region.
  • the first luminous layers 151 R, 151 G and 151 B are electrically coupled to the first electrode layer
  • the second luminous layers 152 R, 152 G and 152 B are electrically coupled to the second electrode layer.
  • the first luminous layers 151 R, 151 G and 151 B are separated from the second luminous layers 152 R, 152 G and 152 B by the partition layer 18 .
  • the partition layer 18 may be also formed among the first luminous layers 151 R, 151 G and 151 B or among the second luminous layers 152 R, 152 G and 152 B.
  • the luminous layers 151 R and 152 R emit red light
  • the luminous layers 151 G and 152 G emit green light
  • the luminous layers 151 B and 152 B emit blue light. Therefore, red, green and blue light emitted by these luminous layers in the pixel structure can be mixed to form full color.
  • the first luminous layers 151 R, 151 G and 151 B are marked by dense meshes to present that the first region is opaque because of the reflection layer 14
  • the second luminous layers 152 R, 152 G and 152 B are marked by sparse meshes to present that the second region is transparent or translucent. Since pixels for an entire frame image shown on the displayer are adjacent, each first luminous layer is regularly adjacent to one of the second luminous layers.
  • the control components 101 and 102 are carried out by n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (nMOSFET).
  • nMOSFET n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
  • the switch unit 103 a e.g. a nMOSFET controlled by the scan signal SC cooperates with the capacitor C to support the control components 101 and 102 to receive the data signal DT.
  • the scan signal SC can cause the switch unit 103 a on or off.
  • the switch unit 103 a is on, the data signal DT is sent to the first gate terminal 110 so the first TFT 11 can provide the luminous layer 151 with electricity according to the data signal DT.
  • the first gate terminal 110 is electrically coupled to the switch unit 103 a , the terminal 112 receives the input voltage OVDD, and the capacitor C affects the voltage between the first gate terminal 110 and the terminal 114 .
  • the second control component 102 further includes a switch unit 127 .
  • the gate terminal of the switch unit 127 is controlled by a switch signal EM, and the source or drain terminal receives the input voltage OVDD. Similar to the control components 101 and 102 in FIG. 1 respectively controlled by the control signals S 1 and S 2 , the input voltage to the first TFT 11 and the switch unit 127 can be the input voltage OVDD or be different.
  • the terminal 124 of the second TFT 12 is electrically coupled to the switch unit 127 , and the terminal 122 is electrically coupled to the second electrode layer 132 .
  • the second gate terminal 120 of the second TFT 12 is electrically coupled to the switch unit 103 a , the first gate terminal 110 , and the capacitor C to receive the data signal DT.
  • the second gate terminal 120 of the second TFT 12 is electrically coupled to other data resources.
  • the first gate terminal 110 of the first TFT 11 is electrically coupled to a first data line
  • the second gate terminal 120 of the second TFT 12 is electrically coupled to a second data line. Two data signals respectively provided by the first data line and the second data line are different.
  • the data signal (referred to as the first data signal) sent from the first data line to the first control component 101 and the data signal (referred to as the second data signal) sent from the second data line to the second control component 102 have difference in data content therebetween such that the luminous layers 151 and 152 may have a difference in performance therebetween.
  • the electrode layers 131 and 132 are electrically coupled to the luminous layers 151 and 152 , respectively.
  • the luminous layers 151 and 152 are electrically connected to the opposite electrode layer 16 , as shown by the output voltage OVSS in FIG. 4A .
  • the operation of the pixel structure is described as follows by referring to FIGS. 2 and 4 A.
  • the switch unit 103 a When the scan signal SC to the gate terminal of the switch unit 103 a is at a high voltage level, the switch unit 103 a will be on such that the data signal DT passes through the switch unit 103 a to power the first gate terminal 110 of the first TFT 11 and the capacitor C. Since the switch unit 103 a is turned on, the capacitor C stores electricity and voltage level of the data signal DT and changes the voltage difference between the gate terminal and source terminal of the first TFT 11 so as to control the current flowing through the first TFT 11 .
  • the first luminous layer 151 is driven to emit light according to the current generated from the voltage distance between the input voltage OVDD and an output voltage OVSS and the equivalent circuit load.
  • the switch unit 103 a When the scan signal SC at the gate terminal of the switch unit 103 a is at a low voltage level, the switch unit 103 a will be off and the data signal DT will be blocked by the switch unit 103 a . Therefore, the first TFT 11 is off, and the first luminous layer 151 does not emit light.
  • the capacitor C decides the voltage on the second gate terminal 120 of the second TFT 12 .
  • the switch signal EM to the gate terminal of the switch unit 127 is at a high voltage level, the switch unit 127 will be on and the data signal DT will control the current flowing through the second TFT 12 . Therefore, the second luminous layer 152 is driven to emit light according to the current generated by the voltage difference between the input voltage OVDD and the output voltage OVSS and the equivalent circuit load.
  • the switch unit 103 a or the switch unit 127 When the scan signal SC to the gate terminal of the switch unit 103 a is at a low voltage level or when the switch signal EM to the gate terminal of the switch unit 127 is at a low voltage level, the switch unit 103 a or the switch unit 127 will be off. Herein, the data signal DT will be blocked by the switch unit 103 a , and the current to the switch unit 127 and the second TFT 12 will be blocked by the switch unit 127 . Therefore, when the switch unit 103 a or the switch unit 127 is off, the second luminous layer 152 will not emit light.
  • control components 101 and 102 are carried out by p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (pMOSFET).
  • pMOSFET p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
  • the switch unit 103 b e.g. a pMOSFET controlled by the scan signal SC cooperates with the capacitor C to support the control components 101 and 102 to receive the data signal DT.
  • the thin film transistors 11 and 12 may be different or the same in standard or size and the switch unit 103 a (or 103 b ) and the switch unit 127 may be different or the same in standard or size.
  • the luminous layers 151 and 152 can achieve the best brightness scheme by adjusting the aspect ratios of the TFTs 11 and 12 during the manufacture, whereby the actively-display and transparency of the pixel structure may harmonize.
  • the terminal 124 of the second TFT 12 receives the input voltage OVDD, and the terminal 122 of the second TFT 12 is coupled with the second electrode layer 132 through the switch unit 127 . Therefore, the second gate terminal 120 and the terminal 124 have a stable and higher voltage therebetween, thereby positively affecting the current passing through the second luminous layer 152 and the brightness of light emitted by the second luminous layer 152 .
  • the locations of the second TFT 12 and the switch unit 127 in FIG. 4C are the reverse of those in FIG. 4B .
  • the control components 101 and 102 and the switch unit 103 b in FIG. 4C are carried out by pMOSFETs.
  • the switch unit 103 b is controlled by the scan signal SC.
  • the capacitor C affects the voltage difference between the first gate terminal 110 and the terminal 112 .
  • the first gate terminal 110 of the first TFT 11 and the second gate terminal 120 of the second TFT 12 are coupled with the switch unit 103 a and the capacitor C to receive the data signal DT.
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an OLED pixel structure in the disclosure.
  • the pixel structure mainly has two main circuit paths, the first one includes a first control component 101 , a first electrode layer 131 , a first luminous layer 151 , and a opposite electrode layer 161 , and the second one includes a second control component 102 , a second electrode layer 132 , a second luminous layer 152 , and a opposite electrode layer 162 .
  • the first control component 101 , the first electrode layer 131 , the first luminous layer 151 , and the opposite electrode layer 161 are electrically coupled to each other, and the second control component 102 , the second electrode layer 132 , the second luminous layer 152 , and the opposite electrode layer 162 are electrically coupled to each other.
  • the control component 101 receives a data signal DT to drive the first luminous layer 151
  • the control component 102 receives a data signal DT′ to drive the second luminous layer 152
  • the control components 101 and 102 can receive other different data, that is, the control components 101 and 102 are controlled by two independent control signals S 1 and S 2 , respectively.
  • the control signals S 1 and S 2 are power or digital control manner.
  • the control signal S 1 can drive the first control component 101 to operate or not or can indirectly provide the first luminous layer 151 with electricity.
  • the first control component 101 under operation receives the data signal DT, the first circuit path is enabled and the first luminous layer 151 between the opposite electrode layers 131 and 161 is driven to emit light.
  • the first electrode layer 131 is anode as the opposite electrode layer 161 is cathode.
  • the first electrode layer 131 is cathode as the opposite electrode layer 161 is anode.
  • the second control component 102 and the first control component 101 can respectively connect to different data sources. Therefore, the penetrative region of the pixel structure can have higher contrast and brightness, and the first luminous layer and the second luminous layer in the same pixel are driven by different data to form two different images that are combined to form a frame image shown on the displayer.
  • the image formed by the display region and the image formed by the penetrative region can be combined by any suitable ratio, and alternately, pixels in the penetrative region can display an image different from that displayed by the display region (i.e. a non-penetrative region). As shown in FIG.
  • the switch unit 103 c is controlled by the scan signal SC cooperates with the capacitor C′ to support the second control component 102 to receive a data signal DT′.
  • the switch unit 103 c and the switch unit 103 b are synchronous.
  • the second gate terminal 120 of the second TFT 12 is electrically coupled to the switch unit 103 c
  • the terminal 122 of the second TFT 12 is electrically coupled to the second electrode layer 132 and the second luminous layer 152 through the switch unit 127 .
  • the terminal 124 is supplied with the input voltage OVDD.
  • the capacitor C′ affects and stores the voltage between the terminal 124 and the second gate terminal 120 .
  • the luminous layers 151 and 152 are electrically connected to the opposite electrode layers 161 and 162 respectively, as shown by the output voltage OVSS in FIG. 5B .
  • the opposite electrode layers 161 and 162 belong to the opposite electrode layer 16 in practice.
  • the opposite electrode layers 161 and 162 are saperated from each other and respectively belong to two independent electrodes in physical structure. The operation of the circuit in FIG. 5B can be referred to that in FIG. 4A and will not be repeated hereinafter.
  • the substrate 10 is also in a third region of the pixel structure, and the pixel structure can further include a third control component 102 ′ on the substrate 10 (e.g. on the first region).
  • the third control component 102 ′ includes the third TFT 12 ′ and the third switch unit 127 ′.
  • the third TFT 12 ′ and the third switch unit 127 ′ are connected in series.
  • the gate terminal of the third TFT 12 ′ is coupled with the switch unit 103 b and is controlled by the scan signal SC.
  • FIG. 1 the scan signal
  • the third control component 102 ′ is connected to the second control component 102 that includes the second TFT 12 and the switch unit 127 connected in series in FIG. 4 .
  • the third switch unit 127 ′ is coupled with the second electrode layer 132 .
  • the TFT 12 and 12 ′ can have difference in aspect ratio so that no matter when the control components 102 and 102 ′ operate together or not, the second luminous layer 152 can be driven differently to change the saturation degree of the entire pixel structure.
  • a third control component 102 ′ is electrically coupled to a third electrode layer 132 ′ in the third region, a third luminous layer 152 ′ is on the third electrode layer 132 ′, and the opposite electrode layer 16 marked by the output voltage OVSS is on the third luminous layer 152 ′.
  • the third TFT 12 ′, the third electrode layer 132 ′, and the third luminous layer 152 ′ in the pixel structure can be arranged by referring to the arrangement of the second TFT 12 , the second electrode layer 132 , and the second luminous layer 152 in FIG. 2 .
  • the third TFT 12 ′ has a third gate terminal, a third source terminal, a third drain terminal, and a third channel.
  • the third gate terminal of the third TFT 12 ′ is on the substrate 10 .
  • the third channel of the third TFT 12 ′ is coupled with the third source terminal and drain terminal of the third TFT 12 ′ such that electric charges can flow between the third source terminal and drain terminal of the third TFT 12 ′.
  • the third channel can be made of semiconductor material.
  • One of the third source terminal or third drain terminal of the third control component 102 ′ (e.g. the third source terminal) is electrically coupled to the third electrode layer 132 ′ in the third region.
  • the control components 101 , 102 and 102 ′ are opaque and are in the first region. For a top-emitting pixel structure, these control components are behind the reflection layer 14 . In other words, the control components 101 , 102 and 102 ′ can be in the shadow that the reflection layer 14 is projected on the substrate 10 .
  • the third electrode layer 132 ′, the third luminous layer 152 ′, and the opposite electrode layer 16 are electrically coupled to each other. Since the third TFT 12 ′, the third switch unit 127 ′, and the third luminous layer 152 ′ in FIG. 7 can be designed in their specification according to actual requirements, the pixel structure in FIG. 7 is more elastic than that in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a displayer in the disclosure.
  • the displayer includes, for example, a driving unit 801 a and a pixel matrix 802 a .
  • the driving unit 801 a is coupled with the pixel matrix 802 a to output a scan signal SC and a data signal DT to the pixel matrix 802 a so that pixels of the pixel matrix 802 a are driven to emit light to display images.
  • the pixel matrix 802 a is carried out by the pixel structure in the disclosure.
  • the pixel structure has, for example, the aforementioned first region and the aforementioned second region.
  • FIG. 8B is a top view of an embodiment of the pixel matrix 802 a where the aforementioned opposite electrode layer 16 of each pixel structure is not shown.
  • the adjacent pixels in the pixel matrix 802 a are arranged as shown in FIG. 8B so that first regions (or second regions) of pixels in the same pixel line are aligned as a first line and second regions of pixels in the same pixel line are aligned as a second line.
  • the first lines and the second lines are separated from each other by blocking layers, and each first line is between adjacent two of the second lines.
  • first luminous layers 801 R, 801 G, 801 B, 805 R, 805 G and 805 B in the first regions of a pixel line are aligned in one first line while first luminous layers 803 R, 803 G, 803 B, 807 R, 807 G and 807 B in the first regions of another pixel line are aligned in one adjacent first line.
  • second luminous layers 802 R, 802 G, 802 B, 806 R, 806 G and 806 B in second regions of a pixel line are aligned in one second line while second luminous layers 804 R, 804 G, 804 B, 808 R, 808 G and 808 B in second regions of another pixel line are aligned in one adjacent second line.
  • the first and second lines are vertically arranged in parallel as shown in FIG. 8B .
  • the first and second lines are horizontally arranged in parallel or have any angle with a horizontal line of the drawing.
  • the pixel structure may further include the aforementioned first luminous layer 151 in the first region, the aforementioned second luminous layer 152 in the second region, the aforementioned first control component 101 , and the aforementioned second control component 102 .
  • the first control component 101 is controlled by the scan signal SC and the data signal DT to drive the first luminous layer 151 to emit light
  • the second control component 102 is controlled by the scan signal SC and the data signal DT to drive the second luminous layer 152 to emit light.
  • FIG. 9A schematically illustrates the first image displayed by the first luminous layer 151
  • FIG. 9B schematically illustrates the second image displayed by the second luminous layer 152
  • the FIG. 9C schematically illustrates the frame image shown on the displayer.
  • the first and second images in FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B and the frame image in FIG. 9C are simply drawn by different straight sloping lines with different meshes and can be dynamic images. Two different straight sloping lines represent two different transparency values of image, respectively.
  • the driving unit 801 a drives the first luminous layer 151 and the second luminous layer 152 by the data signal DT to emit light of images for the displayer to display.
  • the light emitted by the first luminous layer 151 forms a first image that is opaque, as shown in FIG. 9A .
  • the light emitted by the second luminous layer 152 forms a second image that is transparent or translucent, as shown in FIG. 9B .
  • the first and second images are combined to form a combined frame image on screen, as shown in FIG. 9C .
  • the first luminous layer 151 and the second luminous layer 152 are driven by the data signal DT, the first image 151 and the second image 152 have difference in brightness and contrast but show image information carried by the data signal DT.
  • the driving unit 801 a adjusts the current flowing through the first luminous layer 151 and the current flowing through the second luminous layer 152 , to control the luminances of the first luminous layer 151 and the second luminous layer 152 .
  • Controlling the luminances of the first luminous layer 151 and the second luminous layer 152 is to control the contrast and brightness of the first image and the contrast and brightness of the second image, whereby the ratio of the first image to the second image can be controlled during the combination of the first and second images to harmonize the brightness or contrast of frame images.
  • FIGS. 10A to 10C also illustrate the first image, the second image, and the frame image respectively, and the drawing manner in FIGS. 10A to 10C can be referred to that in FIGS. 9A to 9C and will not be repeated hereinafter.
  • the driving unit drives the first luminous layer 151 by the data signal DT and drives the second luminous layer 152 by another data signal DT.
  • the displayer in this embodiment illustrated by FIGS. 10A to 10C drives the first luminous layer 151 and the second luminous layer 152 respectively by different signals.
  • the image content, brightness, and/or contrast of the first image are different from those of the second image while the frame image on the displayer simultaneously shows the first image 151 and the second image 152 .
  • the driving unit adjusts the current flowing through the first luminous layer and the current flowing through the second luminous layer to control the light-emitting of the first luminous layer 151 and the second luminous layer 152 .
  • Controlling the light-emitting of the first luminous layer 151 and the second luminous layer 152 is to control the contrast and brightness of the first and second images, thereby controlling the ratio of first image to second image during combining them.
  • the pixel structure further includes a third luminous layer 152 ′ in the third region that can be deduced by the description related to FIG. 2 and FIG. 6 , the driving unit drives the first luminous layer 151 by the data signal DT and drives the second luminous layer 152 and the third luminous layer 152 ′ by the data signal DT′.
  • the brightness and contrast of the second image can slightly be adjusted by the second luminous layer 152 and the third luminous layer 152 ′.
  • the transparent penetrative region of a displayer i.e. the second region
  • the second luminous layer and different control components When the second control component does not operate, the pixel structure may achieve the highest transparent degree, and when the second control component operates, the pixel structure may have high contrast.

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