US20150359445A1 - Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath - Google Patents
Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150359445A1 US20150359445A1 US14/834,399 US201514834399A US2015359445A1 US 20150359445 A1 US20150359445 A1 US 20150359445A1 US 201514834399 A US201514834399 A US 201514834399A US 2015359445 A1 US2015359445 A1 US 2015359445A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- opening
- transfer tube
- occlusion
- proximal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/0215—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by means inserted into the body
- A61B5/02158—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by means inserted into the body provided with two or more sensor elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/0215—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by means inserted into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
- A61M25/0108—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning using radio-opaque or ultrasound markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M2025/0001—Catheters; Hollow probes for pressure measurement
- A61M2025/0002—Catheters; Hollow probes for pressure measurement with a pressure sensor at the distal end
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M2025/0001—Catheters; Hollow probes for pressure measurement
- A61M2025/0003—Catheters; Hollow probes for pressure measurement having an additional lumen transmitting fluid pressure to the outside for measurement
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to intravascular medical devices and methods for monitoring and measuring fluid pressure. More specifically, the present invention relates to intravascular diagnostic devices and methods for monitoring and measuring fluid pressure at selected points in coronary vessels or arteries. Still more specifically, the present invention relates to intravascular devices and methods for monitoring and measuring fluid pressure at selected points in an artery on opposite sides of an occlusion or partial blockage. Those skilled in the art will recognize the benefits of applying the present invention to similar fields not discussed herein.
- Angioplasty procedures have gained wide acceptance in recent years as efficient and effective methods for treating many types of vascular disease.
- angioplasty is widely used for opening stenosis or occlusions in the coronary arteries, although it is also used for the treatment of stenosis in other parts of the vascular system.
- angioplasty makes use of a dilation catheter which has an inflatable balloon at its distal end. Inflation of the balloon at the site of the occlusion causes a widening of the vessel or artery to reestablish an acceptable blood flow through the vessel or artery.
- FIG. 1 which does not illustrate a prior art device, but which instead illustrates one disclosed embodiment
- two occlusions 11 , 12 are shown in an arterial wall 13 .
- knowledge of the ratio of the pressures P 2 :P 1 is important.
- a ratio of P 2 :P 1 of less than 0.75 is indicative of an occlusion requiring treatment and a ratio of P 2 :P 1 of greater than 0.75 is indicative of an occlusion not requiring treatment.
- the ratio P 3 :P 2 is less than 0.75, it would be an indication that the occlusion 12 would require treatment. If the ratio P 3 :P 2 is greater than 0.75, it would be an indication that the occlusion 12 does not require treatment.
- Devices that are used for this purpose include catheter-like members with some type of pressure-sensing device incorporated therein.
- One known device measures the pressure as a function of the deflection of a diaphragm located at the proximal end of the catheter.
- One problem associated with currently available pressure-sensing devices is that they are unable to measure pressure at points both proximal and distal to the occlusion without moving the device. When the device or catheter is moved, it can often cause physical changes to the occlusion thereby affecting the second pressure measurement. Further, unnecessary movement of the catheter can dislodge a portion of the plaque that forms the occlusion.
- an improved intravascular pressure-sensing device which can monitor and measure pressure at multiple points along a vessel or artery without moving the device. Still further, there is a need for an intravascular pressure-sensing device which can monitor and measure pressure at multiple points along a vessel or artery simultaneously.
- the present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a pressure monitoring and measuring device that comprises an elongated tube having an opening.
- the elongated tube is slidably received in a tubular sheath.
- the tubular sheath comprises at least two spaced apart openings.
- the elongated tube is slidably within the tubular sheath thereby allowing the opening of the elongated tube to be selectively aligned with both openings of the tubular sheath.
- the elongated tube is positioned within the tubular sheath so that its opening is aligned with one of the openings of the tubular sheath. A pressure measurement is made in this position.
- the elongated tube is moved within the tubular sheath so that its opening is aligned with the other opening of the tubular sheath.
- a second pressure measurement is made in this position.
- the above described embodiment would be introduced into a patient's vasculature in advance to a point whereby one of the openings of the tubular sheath is disposed distal to an occlusion and the other of the openings in the tubular sheath is disposed proximal to the occlusion.
- the elongated tube can be manipulated to take a pressure reading at points both distal and proximal to the occlusion without moving the tubular sheath.
- a method for monitoring and measuring pressure on opposing sides of an occlusion comprises the steps of providing a pressure measuring device comprising an elongated tube having an opening.
- the elongated tube is slidably received in a tubular sheath.
- the tubular sheath comprises either at least two spaced apart openings or one elongated opening.
- the elongated tube has a proximal end connected to a pressure transducer.
- the method further includes the step of inserting the pressure measuring device into a vessel having an occlusion until one of the openings of the tubular sheath is disposed on one side of the occlusion and the other openings of the tubular sheath is disposed on an opposite side of the occlusion.
- the method further includes the steps of aligning the opening of the elongated tube with one of the openings of the tubular sheath or a portion of the elongated opening on one side of the occlusion, measuring the pressure at the one opening of the tubular sheath through the elongated tube, aligning the opening of the elongated tube with the other openings of the tubular sheath or a portion of the elongated opening on an opposite side of the occlusion, and measuring the pressure at the other opening of the tubular sheath through the elongated tube.
- FIG. 1 is a partial sectional schematic view illustrating a vessel or artery with two occlusions and the distal end of a disclosed pressure measuring device inserted into the vessel or artery and wherein the elongated tube of the pressure measuring device is in a first position to measure a pressure P 3 distal to the occlusion 12 .
- FIG. 2 is another partial sectional schematic view of the artery and device shown in FIG. 1 but with the elongated tube of the device moved to a second position to measure a pressure P 2 proximal to the occlusion 12 and distal to the occlusion 11 .
- FIG. 3 is another partial sectional schematic view of a vessel or artery and the device shown in FIG. 1 but with the device moved to a third position for measuring the pressure P t proximal to the occlusion 11 .
- FIG. 4 is a partial elevational view of the tubular sheath of the pressure measuring device shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 5 is a partial elevational view of the elongated tube of the pressure measuring device shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 6 is an end sectional view taken substantially along line 6 - 6 of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 7A is an end sectional view of an alternative pressure measuring device taken substantially along line 7 A- 7 A of FIG. 7B
- FIG. 7B is a partial side sectional view of the pressure measuring device shown in FIG. 7A .
- FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view of a proximal end of a disclosed pressure measuring device.
- FIG. 9 is a partial elevational view of another alternative tubular sheath.
- FIG. 10 is a partial elevational view of another elongated tube.
- FIG. 11 is a partial sectional view illustrating a connection mechanism between the elongated tube and tubular sheath of one disclosed embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a partial sectional view illustrating a connection mechanism between the elongated tube and tubular sheath of another disclosed embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a partial sectional view illustrating a connection mechanism between the elongated tube and tubular sheath of yet another disclosed embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a partial sectional view illustrating a connection mechanism between the elongated tube and tubular sheath of another disclosed embodiment.
- FIG. 1 a vessel or artery 13 which includes occlusions 11 and 12 .
- the physician it is important for the physician to know the arterial pressure both proximal and distal to the occlusions 11 and 12 in order to make a determination as to whether the occlusions 11 and 12 require treatment.
- the physician needs to know the pressures P 2 and P 3 .
- the physician needs to know the pressures P 1 and P 2 .
- a pressure measuring device 14 has been inserted into the vessel or artery 13 so that its distal end 15 is disposed past or distal to the occlusion 12 .
- the device 14 includes an outer tubular sheath 16 having two openings 17 , 18 .
- the device 14 has been positioned in the vessel 13 so that the opening 17 is proximal to the occlusion 12 and the opening 18 is distal to the occlusion 12 .
- a spring tip is shown schematically at 19 . It will be understood that the spring tip 19 can be of a conventional type, two examples of which are shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,964,714 and 5,860,938, both of which are assigned to the assignee of this application and which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the device 14 further includes an elongated tube 21 that is slidably received within the tubular sheath 16 .
- the elongated tube includes at least one opening 22 .
- the elongated tube 21 can be moved with respect to the tubular sheath 16 so that the opening 22 of the elongated tube 21 can be moved from a position in substantial registry with the opening 18 of the tubular sheath 16 as shown in FIG. 1 to the position shown in FIG. 2 where the opening 22 of the elongated tube 21 is in substantial registry with the opening 17 of the tubular sheath 16 .
- the device 14 can measure the pressure P 3 , i.e., the pressure distal to the occlusion 12 .
- the elongated tube 21 is rotationally aligned with respect to the tubular sheath 16 .
- the elongated tube 21 may be slidably received within the tubular sheath 16 , but fixed in a single position, for example, by way of a key and keyway, so they may not be rotatably moved relative to each other.
- the device 14 can be manufactured so that the elongated tube 21 is frictionally received within the tubular sheath 16 . That is, the device 14 can be constructed so that the inside surface 23 of the tubular sheath 16 engages the outside surface 24 of the elongated tube 21 so that fluid communication between the two surfaces is substantially prevented. If the device 14 is constructed in this way, a closed end for the tubular sheath 16 is not necessary. As shown in FIG. 8 , the proximal end 26 of the elongated tube 21 extends outward from the proximal end 27 of the tubular sheath 16 . The proximal end 26 of the elongated tube 21 is received in a pressure transducer 28 .
- a seal 29 is provided at the proximal end 27 of the tubular sheath 16 , which allows the elongated tube 21 to slide with respect to the tubular sheath 16 without allowing fluid to pass between the outside of the elongated tube 21 and the sheath 16 .
- the device 14 is in a position where the pressure P 3 can be measured.
- the elongated tube 21 has been shifted with respect to the tubular sheath 16 so that the opening 22 of the elongated tube 21 is now in registry with the opening 17 of the tubular sheath 16 .
- the pressure P 2 can be measured without moving the tubular sheath 16 .
- the device 14 in order to measure the pressure P 1 proximal to the occlusion 11 , the device 14 is moved laterally to the left or in a proximal direction so that either the opening 17 or opening 18 of the tubular sheath 16 is proximal to the occlusion 11 and the elongated tube 21 is shifted accordingly. As shown in FIG. 3 , movement of the tubular sheath 16 is minimized and the opening 17 of the tubular sheath is moved to a position distal to the occlusion 11 and no shift of the elongated tube with respect to the tubular sheath 16 is necessary.
- the proximal end 26 of the elongated tube 21 may include a plurality of markings 31 , 32 (see FIG. 8 ). Because the proximal end 26 of the elongated tube 21 extends outward from the proximal end 27 of the tubular sheath 16 , the markings can be useful to the physician for lining up the opening 22 of the elongated tube 21 with the openings 17 , 18 of the tubular sheath 16 . In the examples shown in FIGS.
- a mark 32 can be provided at the proximal end 21 or at the seal 29 when the opening 22 of the elongated tube 21 is in registry with the opening 17 of the tubular sheath 16 .
- a second mark 31 can be provided that is aligned with the proximal end 27 of the tubular sheath 16 or seal 29 when the opening 22 of the elongated tube is in registry with the opening 18 of the tubular sheath 16 .
- Other positioned indicators will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
- radiopaque markers 33 a, 33 b and 33 c may be provided in the form of a coil or band loaded into the sheath 16 or tube 21 which can viewed by positions using fluoroscopy.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 a sectional view of the embodiment 14 shown in FIGS. 1-5 and 8 is shown in FIG. 6 while a sectional view of an alternative embodiment 35 is shown in FIG. 7 .
- the tubular sheath 36 includes a wall 37 that extends along the length of the sheath 36 thereby creating two separate lumens 38 , 39 .
- An opening 43 in the sheath 36 is in alignment with the lumen 38 and an opening 44 is provided in the sheath 36 which is in alignment with the lumen 39 . With the openings 43 , 44 being laterally spaced apart, pressures at points proximal and distal to an occlusion can be measured simultaneously.
- the device 35 is positioned within a vessel or artery so that one of the openings 43 is proximal to an occlusion and the other of the openings 44 is distal to the occlusion, and two elongated tubes are provided in the position shown in FIG. 7 , simultaneous pressure measurements at points both proximal and distal to the occlusion can be made.
- FIG. 9 is a partial view of a tubular sheath 50 with a single elongated slot or opening 51 .
- the opening 51 is sufficiently long enough so that it can traverse a typical occlusion thereby leaving portions of the opening 51 at points both proximal and distal to the occlusion.
- An elongated tube 52 as shown in FIG. 10 is inserted into the sheath 50 and the small opening 53 can be moved to points proximal and distal to the occlusion for communicating a pressure reading through the opening 51 .
- FIGS. 11-14 illustrate various mechanisms for connecting the elongated tubes 21 a - 21 c to the tubular sheaths 16 a - 16 d.
- the elongated tube 21 a is equipped with a wedge portion 60 that is disposed distal to a radially inwardly extending section 61 of the tubular sheath 16 a.
- the wedge 60 can be formed by grinding the tube 21 a or additional material can be applied to the wedge section 60 such as a polymeric sleeve for purposes of enlarging the wedge section 60 .
- a detent 62 is provided on the tubular sheath 16 b which is received in a recess 63 in the elongated tube 21 b.
- a similar wedge structure 64 is formed in the elongated tube 21 c.
- the wedge 64 is received in a recess 65 in the tubular sheath 16 c that is bound by a radially inwardly extending restricted portion 66 and a detent 67 .
- a similar wedge structure 68 is provided on the elongated tube 2 Id and is disposed between a restricted portion 70 of the tubular sheath and complimentary threads 71 , 72 disposed on the tubular sheath 16 d and elongated tube 2 Id, respectively.
- the embodiments shown in FIGS. 11-13 are free to rotate with respect to each other while the threaded connection provided by the thread 71 , 72 of FIG. 14 provide a more secure connection.
- Both the sheath and tube of the disclosed pressure measuring devices can be made from a variety of materials, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
- the sheaths are preferably made from material suitable for the manufacture of pressure measuring guidewires. Such materials are commonly metallic, but it is anticipated that other polymeric materials may also be suitable for fabricating the sheath.
- the elongated tubes may also be made from metallic or polymer materials.
- Such suitable metallic or polymer materials include, but are not limited to polymer materials such as PebaxTM, ArnitelTM, polybutylene terephthalente (PBT), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), polyamide and NylonTM and metallic alloy materials such as Inconel 617TM, Inconel 625TM, Hastelloy STM, Hastelloy XTM, Nimonic 90TM, Incoloy 800TM, MP35-N ElgiloyTM, 304LVTM, 316 LVMTM, Aermet 100TM, Aermet 310TM, CRB-7TM, Custom 450TM, Custom 455TM, Custom 465mTM, NiMark 250TM, NiMark 250 NCOTMNiMark 300TM, Nickel 200TM, 304LVTM316 LVMTM, 321TM, 347TM, Aermet 100TM, A
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Abstract
A pressure sensing device is provided that can monitor and measure pressure at two points in a vessel or artery without moving the outer sheath or catheter of the device. The outer sheath or catheter includes two spaced apart openings that may be positioned in a vessel or artery on opposing sides of an occlusion. The device also includes an inner elongated tube with at least one opening. The inner elongated tube is slidable with respect to the outer sheath or catheter thereby permitting the opening of the elongated tube to be moved into selective registration with one of the openings of the outer sheath. A pressure measurement may be taken through one of the openings in the outer sheath by aligning the opening of the elongated tube with said opening and, then, a second pressure reading may be taken by sliding the elongated tube within the outer sheath so that the opening of the elongated tube is in registry with the other opening of the tubular sheath. As a result, pressure measurements at two points in a vessel or artery may be taken without moving the outer sheath or catheter.
Description
- The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/203,025, filed Mar. 10, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,113,790 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/027,154, filed Dec. 20, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,668,650, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference into the present application in its entirety.
- The present invention generally relates to intravascular medical devices and methods for monitoring and measuring fluid pressure. More specifically, the present invention relates to intravascular diagnostic devices and methods for monitoring and measuring fluid pressure at selected points in coronary vessels or arteries. Still more specifically, the present invention relates to intravascular devices and methods for monitoring and measuring fluid pressure at selected points in an artery on opposite sides of an occlusion or partial blockage. Those skilled in the art will recognize the benefits of applying the present invention to similar fields not discussed herein.
- Angioplasty procedures have gained wide acceptance in recent years as efficient and effective methods for treating many types of vascular disease. In particular, angioplasty is widely used for opening stenosis or occlusions in the coronary arteries, although it is also used for the treatment of stenosis in other parts of the vascular system.
- The most widely used form of angioplasty makes use of a dilation catheter which has an inflatable balloon at its distal end. Inflation of the balloon at the site of the occlusion causes a widening of the vessel or artery to reestablish an acceptable blood flow through the vessel or artery.
- It often is desirable to determine the severity of the occlusion in order to properly choose a dilation catheter or to make a determination as to whether treatment is required. Various techniques have been used to determine the severity of the occlusion. One way of determining the severity of the occlusion is to measure pressure both proximal to and distal of the occlusion.
- Specifically, referring to
FIG. 1 (which does not illustrate a prior art device, but which instead illustrates one disclosed embodiment), twoocclusions arterial wall 13. In determining the severity of theocclusion 11, knowledge of the ratio of the pressures P2:P1 is important. A ratio of P2:P1 of less than 0.75 is indicative of an occlusion requiring treatment and a ratio of P2:P1 of greater than 0.75 is indicative of an occlusion not requiring treatment. Similarly, with reference to the occlusion shown at 12 inFIG. 1 , if the ratio P3:P2 is less than 0.75, it would be an indication that theocclusion 12 would require treatment. If the ratio P3:P2 is greater than 0.75, it would be an indication that theocclusion 12 does not require treatment. - Devices that are used for this purpose include catheter-like members with some type of pressure-sensing device incorporated therein. One known device measures the pressure as a function of the deflection of a diaphragm located at the proximal end of the catheter. One problem associated with currently available pressure-sensing devices is that they are unable to measure pressure at points both proximal and distal to the occlusion without moving the device. When the device or catheter is moved, it can often cause physical changes to the occlusion thereby affecting the second pressure measurement. Further, unnecessary movement of the catheter can dislodge a portion of the plaque that forms the occlusion. Further, because it is often difficult to insert catheters in coronary arteries and other vessels, physicians are often reluctant to move a catheter in a proximal direction once the catheter is in position. Hence, once a physician inserts a catheter past the point of occlusion, the physician is often reluctant to move the catheter to a point proximal to the occlusion to take a pressure measurement if a catheter must be moved back to a location distal to the occlusion at a later time in the procedure.
- Accordingly, there is a need for an improved intravascular pressure-sensing device which can monitor and measure pressure at multiple points along a vessel or artery without moving the device. Still further, there is a need for an intravascular pressure-sensing device which can monitor and measure pressure at multiple points along a vessel or artery simultaneously.
- It would be desirable to make use of both multi-point intravascular pressure sensing devices and methods in order to provide a physician with sufficient diagnostic information to make a determination as to whether the occlusion should be treated. The ideal multiple point pressure measurement device would be accurate, low profile, flexible and have a fast response time. Both the cost and ease of use of the complete system needs to be considered as well to produce a commercially successful product. Presently available devices are not capable of simultaneously meeting these various requirements.
- The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a pressure monitoring and measuring device that comprises an elongated tube having an opening. The elongated tube is slidably received in a tubular sheath. The tubular sheath comprises at least two spaced apart openings. The elongated tube is slidably within the tubular sheath thereby allowing the opening of the elongated tube to be selectively aligned with both openings of the tubular sheath. In use, the elongated tube is positioned within the tubular sheath so that its opening is aligned with one of the openings of the tubular sheath. A pressure measurement is made in this position. Then, the elongated tube is moved within the tubular sheath so that its opening is aligned with the other opening of the tubular sheath. A second pressure measurement is made in this position.
- In use, the above described embodiment would be introduced into a patient's vasculature in advance to a point whereby one of the openings of the tubular sheath is disposed distal to an occlusion and the other of the openings in the tubular sheath is disposed proximal to the occlusion. In this way, the elongated tube can be manipulated to take a pressure reading at points both distal and proximal to the occlusion without moving the tubular sheath.
- In another embodiment, a method for monitoring and measuring pressure on opposing sides of an occlusion is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a pressure measuring device comprising an elongated tube having an opening. The elongated tube is slidably received in a tubular sheath. The tubular sheath comprises either at least two spaced apart openings or one elongated opening. The elongated tube has a proximal end connected to a pressure transducer. The method further includes the step of inserting the pressure measuring device into a vessel having an occlusion until one of the openings of the tubular sheath is disposed on one side of the occlusion and the other openings of the tubular sheath is disposed on an opposite side of the occlusion. The method further includes the steps of aligning the opening of the elongated tube with one of the openings of the tubular sheath or a portion of the elongated opening on one side of the occlusion, measuring the pressure at the one opening of the tubular sheath through the elongated tube, aligning the opening of the elongated tube with the other openings of the tubular sheath or a portion of the elongated opening on an opposite side of the occlusion, and measuring the pressure at the other opening of the tubular sheath through the elongated tube.
-
FIG. 1 is a partial sectional schematic view illustrating a vessel or artery with two occlusions and the distal end of a disclosed pressure measuring device inserted into the vessel or artery and wherein the elongated tube of the pressure measuring device is in a first position to measure a pressure P3 distal to theocclusion 12. -
FIG. 2 is another partial sectional schematic view of the artery and device shown inFIG. 1 but with the elongated tube of the device moved to a second position to measure a pressure P2 proximal to theocclusion 12 and distal to theocclusion 11. -
FIG. 3 is another partial sectional schematic view of a vessel or artery and the device shown inFIG. 1 but with the device moved to a third position for measuring the pressure Pt proximal to theocclusion 11. -
FIG. 4 is a partial elevational view of the tubular sheath of the pressure measuring device shown inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 5 is a partial elevational view of the elongated tube of the pressure measuring device shown inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 6 is an end sectional view taken substantially along line 6-6 ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 7A is an end sectional view of an alternative pressure measuring device taken substantially alongline 7A-7A ofFIG. 7B -
FIG. 7B is a partial side sectional view of the pressure measuring device shown inFIG. 7A . -
FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view of a proximal end of a disclosed pressure measuring device. -
FIG. 9 is a partial elevational view of another alternative tubular sheath. -
FIG. 10 is a partial elevational view of another elongated tube. -
FIG. 11 is a partial sectional view illustrating a connection mechanism between the elongated tube and tubular sheath of one disclosed embodiment. -
FIG. 12 is a partial sectional view illustrating a connection mechanism between the elongated tube and tubular sheath of another disclosed embodiment. -
FIG. 13 is a partial sectional view illustrating a connection mechanism between the elongated tube and tubular sheath of yet another disclosed embodiment. -
FIG. 14 is a partial sectional view illustrating a connection mechanism between the elongated tube and tubular sheath of another disclosed embodiment. - Turning to
FIG. 1 , a vessel orartery 13 which includesocclusions occlusions occlusions occlusion 12, the physician needs to know the pressures P2 and P3. In order to make a determination as to theocclusion 11, the physician needs to know the pressures P1 and P2. - Still referring to
FIG. 1 , apressure measuring device 14 has been inserted into the vessel orartery 13 so that itsdistal end 15 is disposed past or distal to theocclusion 12. Thedevice 14 includes an outertubular sheath 16 having twoopenings device 14 has been positioned in thevessel 13 so that theopening 17 is proximal to theocclusion 12 and theopening 18 is distal to theocclusion 12. A spring tip is shown schematically at 19. It will be understood that thespring tip 19 can be of a conventional type, two examples of which are shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,964,714 and 5,860,938, both of which are assigned to the assignee of this application and which are incorporated herein by reference. - The
device 14 further includes anelongated tube 21 that is slidably received within thetubular sheath 16. The elongated tube includes at least oneopening 22. Theelongated tube 21 can be moved with respect to thetubular sheath 16 so that theopening 22 of theelongated tube 21 can be moved from a position in substantial registry with theopening 18 of thetubular sheath 16 as shown inFIG. 1 to the position shown inFIG. 2 where theopening 22 of theelongated tube 21 is in substantial registry with theopening 17 of thetubular sheath 16. In the position shown atFIG. 1 , thedevice 14 can measure the pressure P3, i.e., the pressure distal to theocclusion 12. In a preferred embodiment, theelongated tube 21 is rotationally aligned with respect to thetubular sheath 16. In alternative embodiments, theelongated tube 21 may be slidably received within thetubular sheath 16, but fixed in a single position, for example, by way of a key and keyway, so they may not be rotatably moved relative to each other. - The
device 14 can be manufactured so that theelongated tube 21 is frictionally received within thetubular sheath 16. That is, thedevice 14 can be constructed so that theinside surface 23 of thetubular sheath 16 engages theoutside surface 24 of theelongated tube 21 so that fluid communication between the two surfaces is substantially prevented. If thedevice 14 is constructed in this way, a closed end for thetubular sheath 16 is not necessary. As shown inFIG. 8 , theproximal end 26 of theelongated tube 21 extends outward from theproximal end 27 of thetubular sheath 16. Theproximal end 26 of theelongated tube 21 is received in apressure transducer 28. Aseal 29 is provided at theproximal end 27 of thetubular sheath 16, which allows theelongated tube 21 to slide with respect to thetubular sheath 16 without allowing fluid to pass between the outside of theelongated tube 21 and thesheath 16. - Returning to
FIG. 1 , thedevice 14 is in a position where the pressure P3 can be measured. Turning toFIG. 2 , theelongated tube 21 has been shifted with respect to thetubular sheath 16 so that theopening 22 of theelongated tube 21 is now in registry with theopening 17 of thetubular sheath 16. In the position shown inFIG. 2 , the pressure P2 can be measured without moving thetubular sheath 16. For the embodiment illustrated in inFIGS. 1-3 , in order to measure the pressure P1 proximal to theocclusion 11, thedevice 14 is moved laterally to the left or in a proximal direction so that either theopening 17 or opening 18 of thetubular sheath 16 is proximal to theocclusion 11 and theelongated tube 21 is shifted accordingly. As shown inFIG. 3 , movement of thetubular sheath 16 is minimized and theopening 17 of the tubular sheath is moved to a position distal to theocclusion 11 and no shift of the elongated tube with respect to thetubular sheath 16 is necessary. - Turning to
FIGS. 4 , 5 and 8, it will be noted that theproximal end 26 of theelongated tube 21 may include a plurality ofmarkings 31, 32 (seeFIG. 8 ). Because theproximal end 26 of theelongated tube 21 extends outward from theproximal end 27 of thetubular sheath 16, the markings can be useful to the physician for lining up theopening 22 of theelongated tube 21 with theopenings tubular sheath 16. In the examples shown inFIGS. 4 , 5 and 8, amark 32 can be provided at theproximal end 21 or at theseal 29 when theopening 22 of theelongated tube 21 is in registry with theopening 17 of thetubular sheath 16. Further, asecond mark 31 can be provided that is aligned with theproximal end 27 of thetubular sheath 16 orseal 29 when theopening 22 of the elongated tube is in registry with theopening 18 of thetubular sheath 16. Other positioned indicators will be apparent to those skilled in the art. - Further, referring to
FIGS. 4 and 5 ,radiopaque markers sheath 16 ortube 21 which can viewed by positions using fluoroscopy. - Turning to
FIGS. 6 and 7 , it will be noted that a sectional view of theembodiment 14 shown inFIGS. 1-5 and 8 is shown inFIG. 6 while a sectional view of analternative embodiment 35 is shown inFIG. 7 . In thealternative embodiment 35, thetubular sheath 36 includes awall 37 that extends along the length of thesheath 36 thereby creating twoseparate lumens opening 43 in thesheath 36 is in alignment with thelumen 38 and anopening 44 is provided in thesheath 36 which is in alignment with thelumen 39. With theopenings device 35 is positioned within a vessel or artery so that one of theopenings 43 is proximal to an occlusion and the other of theopenings 44 is distal to the occlusion, and two elongated tubes are provided in the position shown inFIG. 7 , simultaneous pressure measurements at points both proximal and distal to the occlusion can be made. -
FIG. 9 is a partial view of atubular sheath 50 with a single elongated slot oropening 51. Theopening 51 is sufficiently long enough so that it can traverse a typical occlusion thereby leaving portions of theopening 51 at points both proximal and distal to the occlusion. Anelongated tube 52 as shown inFIG. 10 is inserted into thesheath 50 and thesmall opening 53 can be moved to points proximal and distal to the occlusion for communicating a pressure reading through theopening 51. -
FIGS. 11-14 illustrate various mechanisms for connecting theelongated tubes 21 a-21 c to thetubular sheaths 16 a-16 d. InFIG. 11 , theelongated tube 21 a is equipped with awedge portion 60 that is disposed distal to a radially inwardly extendingsection 61 of thetubular sheath 16 a. Thewedge 60 can be formed by grinding thetube 21 a or additional material can be applied to thewedge section 60 such as a polymeric sleeve for purposes of enlarging thewedge section 60. InFIG. 12 , adetent 62 is provided on thetubular sheath 16 b which is received in arecess 63 in theelongated tube 21 b. InFIG. 13 , asimilar wedge structure 64 is formed in theelongated tube 21 c. Thewedge 64 is received in arecess 65 in thetubular sheath 16 c that is bound by a radially inwardly extending restrictedportion 66 and adetent 67. InFIG. 14 , asimilar wedge structure 68 is provided on the elongated tube 2 Id and is disposed between a restrictedportion 70 of the tubular sheath andcomplimentary threads 71, 72 disposed on thetubular sheath 16 d and elongated tube 2Id, respectively. The embodiments shown inFIGS. 11-13 are free to rotate with respect to each other while the threaded connection provided by thethread 71, 72 ofFIG. 14 provide a more secure connection. - Both the sheath and tube of the disclosed pressure measuring devices can be made from a variety of materials, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The sheaths are preferably made from material suitable for the manufacture of pressure measuring guidewires. Such materials are commonly metallic, but it is anticipated that other polymeric materials may also be suitable for fabricating the sheath. The elongated tubes may also be made from metallic or polymer materials. Such suitable metallic or polymer materials include, but are not limited to polymer materials such as Pebax™, Arnitel™, polybutylene terephthalente (PBT), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), polyamide and Nylon™ and metallic alloy materials such as Inconel 617™, Inconel 625™, Hastelloy S™, Hastelloy X™, Nimonic 90™, Incoloy 800™, MP35-N Elgiloy™, 304LV™, 316 LVM™, Aermet 100™, Aermet 310™, CRB-7™, Custom 450™, Custom 455™, Custom 465m™, NiMark 250™, NiMark 250 NCO™NiMark 300™, Nickel 200™, 304LV™316 LVM™, 321™, 347™, Aermet 100™, Aermet 310™, Haynes 214™, Haynes 230™, Inconel 600™, Inconel 601™, Inconel 617™, Inconel 625™, RA 333™, Hastelloy B™, Hastelloy N™, Hastelloy S™, Hastelloy W™, Hastelloy X™, Hastelloy C-276™, Haynes HR-120™, Haynes HR-160™, Nimonic 75™, Nimonic 86™, Haynes 556™, Incoloy 800™, Incoloy 800H™, Incoloy 800HT™, Incoloy 801™, Incoloy 802™, MP35-N™ and Elgiloy™ can be utilized.
- While the specification describes preferred designs and methods, those skilled in the art will appreciate the spirit and scope of the invention with reference to the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A pressure measuring medical device, comprising:
a tubular sheath comprising at least one opening disposed in a distal end region thereof;
a pressure transfer tube disposed within the tubular sheath, the pressure transfer tube comprising distal opening adjacent to a distal end region of the pressure transfer tube; and
a pressure sensor coupled to the pressure transfer tube and positioned proximal to the distal opening;
wherein the pressure transfer tube is capable of being disposed within a blood vessel so that the distal opening is positioned distally of an intravascular occlusion and the pressure sensor is positioned proximally of the intravascular occlusion.
2. The pressure measuring medical device of claim 1 , wherein the device is configured to obtain a pressure measurement distal to the intravascular occlusion and a pressure measurement proximal to the intravascular occlusion simultaneously.
3. The pressure measuring medical device of claim 1 , wherein the pressure transfer tube further comprises a proximal opening positioned proximally of the distal opening.
4. The pressure measuring medical device of claim 3 , wherein the distal opening of the pressure transfer tube is in fluid communication with a first lumen of the of the pressure transfer tube and the proximal opening of the pressure transfer tube is in fluid communication with a second lumen of the pressure transfer tube.
5. The pressure measuring device of claim 4 , wherein the first lumen is fluid isolated from the second lumen.
6. The pressure measuring device of claim 3 , wherein the proximal opening is circumferentially offset from the distal opening.
7. The pressure measuring medical device of claim 1 , further comprising a radiopaque marker disposed adjacent the distal opening of the pressure transfer tube.
8. The pressure measuring medical device of claim 1 , further comprising a radiopaque marker disposed adjacent the distal end region of the tubular sheath.
9. A pressure measuring medical device, comprising:
a pressure transfer tube, the pressure transfer tube comprising:
a first opening and a second opening, the second opening axially spaced from the first opening;
a first lumen in fluid communication with the first opening; and
a second lumen in fluid communication with the second opening; and
at least one pressure sensor coupled to the pressure transfer tube and positioned proximal to the first opening and the second opening.
10. The pressure measuring medical device of claim 9 , wherein the pressure transfer tube is capable of being disposed within a blood vessel so that a the first opening is positioned distally of an intravascular occlusion and the second opening is positioned proximally of the intravascular occlusion.
11. The pressure measuring medical device of claim 10 , wherein a pressure measurement at a location adjacent to the first opening and a pressure measurement at a location adjacent the second opening are obtained simultaneously.
12. The pressure measuring medical device of claim 9 , wherein the first lumen is fluidly isolated from the second lumen.
13. The pressure measuring medical device of claim 9 , wherein the second opening is circumferentially offset from the first opening.
14. The pressure measuring medical device of claim 9 , further comprising at least one radiopaque marker disposed on the pressure transfer tube adjacent a distal end thereof.
15. A method for measuring pressure on opposing sides of an occlusion, the method comprising:
inserting a pressure measuring device into a vessel having an occlusion, the pressure measuring device comprising:
a pressure transfer tube disposed within the tubular sheath, the pressure transfer tube comprising a proximal opening and a distal opening axially spaced from one another; and
at least one pressure sensor coupled to the pressure transfer tube and positioned proximal to the proximal opening;
advancing the pressure measuring device through the vessel until the distal opening of the pressure transfer tube is on a first side of the occlusion and the proximal opening of the pressure transfer tube is on a second side of the occlusion;
measuring the pressure through the distal opening; and
measuring the pressure through the proximal opening.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the measuring steps are carried out simultaneously
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the pressure transfer tube further comprises a first lumen in fluid communication with the distal opening and a second lumen in fluid communication with the proximal opening.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first lumen is fluidly isolated from the second lumen.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the pressure transfer tube further comprises a radiopaque marker positioned adjacent to one of the proximal or distal openings.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the distal opening in the pressure transfer tube is circumferentially offset from the proximal opening in the pressure transfer tube.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/834,399 US20150359445A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2015-08-24 | Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/027,154 US8668650B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath |
US14/203,025 US9113790B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2014-03-10 | Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath |
US14/834,399 US20150359445A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2015-08-24 | Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/203,025 Continuation US9113790B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2014-03-10 | Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath |
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US20150359445A1 true US20150359445A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
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US10/027,154 Active 2029-05-23 US8668650B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath |
US14/203,025 Expired - Fee Related US9113790B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2014-03-10 | Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath |
US14/834,399 Abandoned US20150359445A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2015-08-24 | Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath |
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US10/027,154 Active 2029-05-23 US8668650B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath |
US14/203,025 Expired - Fee Related US9113790B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2014-03-10 | Pressure-sensing guidewire and sheath |
Country Status (3)
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US (3) | US8668650B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002364066A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003053237A2 (en) |
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US20160067456A1 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-03-10 | Volcano Corporation | Pressure guide wire pullback catheter |
US20170325696A1 (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2017-11-16 | Masayoshi Yoshida | Methods for estimating post-pci fractional flow reserve |
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WO2003030982A2 (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2003-04-17 | Boston Scientific Limited | Composite guidewire |
US20160000341A1 (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2016-01-07 | Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd. | Intravascular pressure drop derived arterial stiffness and reduction of common mode pressure effect |
JP6375389B2 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2018-08-15 | ボストン サイエンティフィック サイムド,インコーポレイテッドBoston Scientific Scimed,Inc. | Pressure sensing guidewire system with reduced pressure offset |
US10244951B2 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2019-04-02 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | Physiological sensor delivery device and method |
EP3644846B1 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2022-10-19 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Systems for assessing fractional flow reserve |
EP3755215B1 (en) | 2018-02-23 | 2022-07-20 | Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. | System for assessing a vessel with sequential physiological measurements |
US11850073B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2023-12-26 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical device with pressure sensor |
WO2019195721A1 (en) | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-10 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical device with pressure sensor |
JP7102544B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2022-07-19 | ボストン サイエンティフィック サイムド,インコーポレイテッド | Evaluation method of blood vessels by sequential physiological measurement |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2003053237A9 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
WO2003053237A3 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
AU2002364066A1 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
US8668650B2 (en) | 2014-03-11 |
WO2003053237A2 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
US20030120175A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
US9113790B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
US20140187986A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
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Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |