US20150314257A9 - Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors - Google Patents
Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150314257A9 US20150314257A9 US13/853,364 US201313853364A US2015314257A9 US 20150314257 A9 US20150314257 A9 US 20150314257A9 US 201313853364 A US201313853364 A US 201313853364A US 2015314257 A9 US2015314257 A9 US 2015314257A9
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- wire
- washer
- end portion
- standoff
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
- F28F3/083—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning capable of being taken apart
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
- F28F9/0075—Supports for plates or plate assemblies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/619,007, filed Apr. 2, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The present invention relates to improved stackable structural reactors having increased efficiency and productivity, and in particular, improved stackable structural reactors having one or more wire standoff arrangements for increased heat transfer and reactor efficiency.
- Reactor components for carrying out catalytic reactions, such as those used to produce syngas and hydrogen, can generally contact reactor tubes exposed to a heat source, for example a furnace, to support reactions. In contrast, other types of reactions, such as exothermic reactions, can require a cooling source, such as a cooling jacket. The reactor tubes can be loaded with various arrangements of components, such as foil-supported or structured catalysts in the form of fans, fins, foams, coils or monoliths. In some instances, the reactor components can be expandable, such as those formed from foil, for example, a fan.
- To improve heat transfer and fluid flow through a reactor, the fit of foil-supported catalysts can be enhanced. In a reactor tube, expandable catalyst-coated reactor components can be positioned to increase heat transfer, such as being located near the reactor wall exposed to a heating or cooling source. Thus, it is desirable to fit reactors with accessories to promote increased heat transfer and reactor efficiency, such as features that create turbulent fluid flow through the reactor components. Various embodiments of wire standoffs and arrangements of the same for improving performance of reactors are discussed herein.
- A reactor including an outer tube that houses one or more reactor components and a wire standoff. The one or more reactor components can have a circular diameter and have an outer circumferential face, such that the outer diameter surface of the one or more reactor components is not in direct contact with the outer tube. The wire standoff can include a portion thereof that is positioned between the inner wall surface of the outer tube and the outer diameter surface of the one or more reactor components. As arranged, the wire standoff prevents the one or more reactor components from touching the inner wall surface of the outer tube but the wire itself can be in direct contact with the tube wall and the one or more reactor components. The wire standoff can be secured to the one or more reactor components or one or more washers also located in the outer tube.
- A wire standoff for use in a reactor. The wire standoff can be a metal wire. The metal wire can have a portion positioned between an outer tube and a reactor component of the reactor, wherein the reactor component is located within the outer tube. As arranged in the reactor, the portion of the metal wire separating the outer tube and reactor component from touching can itself be in direct contact with the outer tube and the reactor component. The metal wire can have a first end portion and a second end portion defining its terminal ends. The first end portion of the metal wire can be secured to a reactor component or washer contained in the reactor. Similarly, the second end portion can be secured to a reactor component or washer of the reactor. For purposes of securing either end portion of the metal wire to a washer, the metal wire can have a hook. The metal wire can have an end portion having a straight segment for securing the wire to a reactor component, such as a fan, wherein the end portion extends inward into a reactor component and past its outer circumferential face.
- The following figures illustrate various aspects of one or more embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention to the embodiments shown.
-
FIG. 1 shows a cross-section view of a reactor tube having multiple wire standoffs arranged along the outer diameter face of reactor components and between the outer tube and the components. -
FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a stack of reactor components having multiple wire standoffs arranged along the outer diameter face of the reactor components wherein the wire standoffs traverse the face of multiple components. -
FIG. 3 shows a cross-section view of a wire standoff arranged on a washer for purposes of securing the wire standoff on the washer. -
FIG. 4 shows a cross-section view of a wire standoff arranged on a washer for purposes of securing the wire standoff on the washer. -
FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a stack of reactor components having multiple wire standoffs arranged along the outer diameter face of the reactor components. -
FIG. 6 shows a cross-section view of a wire standoff arranged on a washer for purposes of securing the wire standoff on the washer. -
FIG. 7 shows a cross-section view of a wire standoff arranged through an opening in a washer for purposes of securing the wire standoff on the washer. -
FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a stack of reactor components having multiple wire standoffs arranged along the outer diameter face of the reactor components. -
FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a wire standoff having hook ends for securing the wire standoff to a reactor component or washer. -
FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a stack of reactor components having multiple wire standoffs arranged along the outer diameter face of the reactor components. -
FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a wire standoff having a zig-zag pattern and end portions having a straight segment for securing the wire standoff to a reactor component. -
FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a stack of reactor components having multiple wire standoffs arranged along the outer diameter face of the reactor components. -
FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a wire standoff having straight ends for securing the wire standoff to one or more reactor components. - As used herein, when a range such as 5-25 is given, this means at least or more than 5 and, separately and independently less than or not more than 25. Materials of construction for all reactor components or parts thereof, such as catalyst supports, fans, monoliths, coils, washers and inner and outer tubes, as discussed herein, can include any suitable material as known in the art, for example, metal, non-ferrous metal, metal foil, steel, stainless steel, alloys, foils, non-metals such as plastics or glass, ceramic, or combinations thereof
- The reactors as described herein, sometimes referred to as a stackable structural reactors (“SSR”), can include multiple catalyst support components arranged around or stacked on a center support, such as a central rod or mandrel, pipe, post or the like, in order to form a monolith of general annular cross section as viewed in the direction of flow of fluid through the reactor. The monolith or stacked catalyst supports can occupy all or a portion of the annular space between two concentrically arranged tubes, such as a reactor or outer tube and an inner tube. Alternatively, reactor components can fill a reactor tube with or without a center support such that no center hollow section is formed concentric tubes. As described herein, various modifications and embodiments of the reactors and associated reactor components can be used in connection with wire standoffs to promote heat transfer and reactor efficiency.
- The
outer tube 3 having an inner wall face and an outer wall face, such as a reformer tube, can house one ormore reactor components 2, such as vertically stackedfans 2, arranged on acentral rod 1. The diameter of theouter tube 3 is preferably constant along its entire length.Reactor components 2, such as fans, can be constructed to have a central opening oraperture 12 for receiving thecentral rod 1 such that the components can slide on the central rod and be positioned in the outer tube. For example, acylindrical rod 1 can be used as shown to support thereactor components 2 having centeredcircular openings 12. Thecylindrical rod 1 can have a diameter about the same or slightly less than the diameter of theopenings 12 in the reactor components. Thecentral rod 1 can have a length to accommodate the length of theouter tube 3. - The
central rod 1 can further include a bracket, bushing, base plate and the like for providing a stop fitting so the components do not slide off of the central rod. The base plate can be located at or near the bottom end of the central rod and can have a shape and diameter or dimensions to permit ease of install in the outer tube. For instance, the stop plate can have a circular shape with a diameter about the same or less than the inner diameter of the outer tube. The central rod can be preloaded with any number of reactor components or washers before being inserted into an outer tube. - As shown in the figures, the
fans 2 can be stacked vertically, one on top of another, to form layers ofreactor components 2. Although reactor components are shown vertically stacked herein, the components can be arranged in alternative ways such as horizontal to accommodate orientation of a reactor or certain technology requirements.Washers 4 as described below can be inserted between one or more reactor components (e.g., fans) 2 as desired, for example, each fan can be separated by a washer wherein the washer creates an open space between the components.Washers 4, in the shape of rings, can function as spacers and the reactor components and washers can be arranged in an alternating series. Stacked reactor components can be arranged vertically as desired, for example, in the range of 0.5 to 4 feet, to create a subassembly. Multiple subassemblies can be stacked together in a reactor, for example from 1 to 60 subassemblies can be stacked. The stacked subassemblies can have a height in the range of 2 to 60 feet. -
Fluid 10, such as gas or liquid, to be reacted generally flows vertically, either up flow or down flow 10 a, 10 b as desired, through theouter tube 3 and through eachcomponent 2 arranged on thecentral rod 1.Reactor components 2 direct fluid flow in other non-vertical directions to increase heat transfer, for example fans direct or guide fluid flow radially (perpendicular to the overall vertical direction) towards the outer tube wall. The fans can be in contact with or near the inner wall surface of theouter tube 3, which effectively transfers heat from the exterior of the reactor to thereactor components 2 andfluid 10 contained therein. Preferably, the fans located within the outer tube have a diameter less than the inner diameter of the reactor tube to create a gap or free space 7 between the outer circumferential face of the fans and the inner wall surface of the outer tube. The gap 7 between the outer diameter face of the fans and the inner wall surface of the outer tube can be at least 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 15, mm and preferably in the range of 0.5 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 3 mm. The gap 7 promotes heat transfer and forces fluid flow traveling toward the inner wall surface of the reactor wall to be directed back towards the inner portion of the reactor. - The stacked arrangement of
reactor components 2 is designed to promote heat transfer for carrying out catalytic reactions such thatreactor components 2 andwashers 4 can be coated with a catalyst to effectively distribute catalyst contact with most of the volume offluid 10 flowing through the reactor. Catalytic material for coating reactor components is known in the art and can include, but is not limited to, nickel, palladium, platinum, zirconium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, cobalt and oxides of aluminum, cerium, and zirconium. - As discussed below,
wire standoffs 5 can have various designs and configurations and can be positioned and arranged in many ways with thereactor components 2 andwashers 4. Turning to the figures,FIG. 1 shows a reactor havingwire standoffs 5 arranged inside anouter tube 3 for preventing the reactor components and washers from contacting the inner wall surface of the outer tube. As shown, thereactor components 2 are arranged vertically in a stacked manner with alternating washers within theouter tube 3. The reactor components are arranged on acentral rod 1 that traverses the length of the outer tube. To prevent the stacked reactor components and washers from sliding downward and off of the central rod, astop plate 6 is positioned at or near the bottom end of thecentral rod 1.Fluid 10 can flow through thereactor components 2 and downward/upward through theouter tube 1.Fluid 10 contacts catalyst supports for carrying out reactions in the outer tube. - Secured to the
washers 4 orreactor components 2,wire standoffs 5 are positioned around the outer diameter surface of thecomponents 2 orwashers 4. The wire standoffs 5 can be made of any suitable material, such as metal, steel, stainless steel, alloys, such as nickel and/or chromium, foil, and non-metal materials such as plastic. For example, the wire standoff can be a metal wire, cable, cord or filament. Preferably, thewire standoffs 5 are flexible such that suitable structural modifications can be made to alter the wire standoff to a particular reactor component or components. The wire standoffs 5 can be preferably made from circular diameter flexible wire that can have a constant diameter along the entire length of the wire. The wire standoff can have a circular diameter of at least 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 mm, and preferably in the range of 0.25 to 5 mm, and more preferably 0.5 to 2 mm. Optionally, square or alternate cross section shapes can be used for making the wire standoffs as desired. - The wire standoffs 5 can be designed to extend lengthwise, such as vertically, along the
outer diameter face 2 a of one ormore reactor components 2 as shown in the figures. In some instances, thewire standoffs 5 can traverse vertically across at least one reactor component or in other cases across substantially the entire reactor sleeve of stacked components. Traversing the across theouter diameter surface 2 a of one ormore reactor components 2, thewire standoffs 5 prevent the one or more reactor components, and anywashers 4 in the stack, from directly contacting theouter tube 3. As shown in the cross-section view,multiple wire standoffs 5 can be arranged to ensure a substantially constant annular gap 7 between the outer diameter face of the reactor components and washers and the inner wall surface of the outer tube. Any number of wire standoffs can be used to ensure the annular gap, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 wire standoffs can be used. The gap 7 between the outer diameter face of the reactor components and washers and the inner wall surface of theouter tube 3 created by the wired standoffs can be at least 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 10, mm and preferably in the range of 0.5 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 3 mm. - The wire standoffs 5 can have inward-facing
end portions 5 a at each end (first and second) such that the inward-facing end portions bend or extend into areactor component 2 or around awasher 4 as shown, which can prevent theend portions 5 a of thewire standoff 5 from catching against thereactor tube 3 during installation or operation. The wire standoff has two ends, a first end or end portion and a second end or end portion.FIG. 1 shows anend portion 5 a of the wire standoff having a hook for securing theend potion 5 a to thewasher 4. The hook of theend portion 5 a of the wire standoff can have a bend angle in the range of 70 to 180 degrees. As shown, an end portion of a wire standoff can extend inward through the outerdiameter surface plane 2 a of areactor component 2, such as a fan, over the top surface of awasher 4 and bend downward at about a 90-degree angle around theinner diameter face 4 a of thewasher 4 to secure thewire standoff 5. In this arrangement, theend portion 5 a of the wire standoff has a 90-degree hook for securing the wire standoff to the washer. - Separate from the
end portions 5 a, thewire standoff 5 has another portion, such as a middle section or portion, positioned between the outer diameter surface of thereactor components 2 a and the inner wall surface of theouter tube 3. The wire standoffs 5 can be spaced radially around the diameter of awasher 4 as desired and along other washers located above and/or below as shown to provide perimeter coverage to the reactor components. -
FIG. 2 shows twowire standoffs 5 positioned diagonally across the outer diameter surface of threestacked reactor components 2. Each reactor component has anopening 12 for accommodating a central rod for positioning the components in a stacked arrangement in an outer tube.Washers 4 in the shape of rings having anouter diameter 4 b, a flat body section and aninner diameter 4 a are positioned between eachreactor component 2. The first andsecond end portions 5 a of the twowire standoffs 5 are secured to the top most washer and the bottom most washer. The first and second end portions of the wire standoffs extend inward towards the center of the reactor components and traverse across the top of the flat body section of eachwasher 4. As can be seen at the bottom most washer, theend portions 5 a of the wire standoffs are bent near theinner diameter 4 a of the washers such that the end portions extend downward to hook around theinner diameter 4 a of the washers. As noted above, thewire standoffs 5 can have a hook portion for securing the wires to the washers, wherein the hook portion can have a bend in the 70 to 180 degree range. - As arranged in an outer tube, the
fans 2 have multipleradial fluid ducts fluid flow 10 through the reactor. As shown, the radial fluid ducts are of approximately triangular shape and extend outward from the center opening 12 to form a circular cross section as viewed from the top of thefans 2. The radial fluid ducts terminate along the outer diameter face of each fan to form triangular openings facing the inner wall surface of an outer tube. As viewed in the downward direction of fluid flow, fluid flows in oneend 10 a of the stack offans 2, radially through the triangular-shaped ducts openly facing upward 2 b towards the outer diameter face of thefans 2 for contacting the reactor tube, around the outer diameter face of thefans 2 into the triangular-shaped ducts openly facing downward 2 c, radially towards the center of thefans 2 and onto the next fan and/or core in the same manner until the fluid exits the stack of fans at theother end 10 b. In one arrangement, for example as shown inFIG. 2 , thefans 2 can be stacked in an arrangement that vertically aligns the approximately triangular-shaped ducts openly facing upward 2 b of one fan with the approximately triangular-shaped ducts openly facing downward 2 c of thefan 2 positioned directly above or below. - In between the two
end portions 5 a of eachwire standoff 5 is a portion positioned between the outer tube and the outer face of thereactor components 2 to prevent the components from coming into contact with the outer tube (not shown). The middle portion for ensuring a gap between the outer tube and reactor components can traverse diagonally as shown along the outer diameter face of the fans, or in another direction or pattern as desired, for example, vertical or in a curved pattern, such as a “C” shape, spiral, wave or zig zag pattern. Diagonal positioning of the middle section of thewire standoffs 5 can be on an angle in the range of 5 to 70 degrees. Multiple wire standoffs can be arranged around the outer diameter surface of thestacked fans 2 to provide 360 degree coverage of the stacked components for ensuring a specified gap is maintained around the components and between the inner wall of the outer tube. Although three components are shown, the stack can include more components and the wire standoffs can have a length to accommodate any number of components. - The
end 5 a and middle portions of thewire standoffs 5 can be secured to awasher 4 or areactor component 2 in a number of different ways. Wire standoffs as described herein can have one or more securing features. For instance, eachend portion 5 a of a wire standoff can have a different securing feature, such as a hook, and the middle portion of that standoff can further include yet another embodiment of a securing feature. The selection and variety of securing features for a wire standoff can be chosen as desired. The securing features of the wire standoffs are preferably integral to the construction of the standoffs. For example, a metal wire can be bent and manipulated to form a hook or notch at either end or the middle portion for securing the wire standoff to a washer or reactor component. -
FIG. 3 shows one embodiment for securing anend portion 5 a of awire standoff 5 to awasher 4. As shown, a cross-section view of awasher 4 has anend portion 5 a of awire standoff 5 extended along its width over the top of its body section. At theinner diameter 4 a of thewasher 4, theend portion 5 a of the wire standoff has a bend at about a 90-degree angle such that the bent end forms a hook that fits on theinner diameter 4 a of the washer. The hook prevents thewire standoff 5 from sliding or being pulled off thewasher 4 during installation or operation of the reactor. The hook can be secured on the washer by tension. For example, the wire standoff can be flexed or pushed on the washer to force the hook around theinner diameter 4 a of thewasher 4. Theend portion 5 a of thewire standoff 5 can be welded, such as tack weld or laser weld, on thewasher 4 to permanently secure the wire standoff to the washer. -
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment for securing awire standoff 5 to awasher 4. Theend portion 5 a of thewire standoff 5 can have a hook portion that forms approximately a 180-degree bend for hooking the end portion around theinner diameter 4 a of a washer. As shown, the inner diameter of the washer is in direct contact with the inside surface of the hook of the end portion. The bend angle of the hook can be less than 180 degrees, for example, at least 120, 130, 140, 150, 160 or 170 degrees. - The wire standoffs 5 can be secured to
washers 4 positioned in the outer tube by means ofend portions 5 a of the wire standoffs being inserted into openings orapertures 14 located in thewashers 4, for example, in the body section. Thewashers 4 can have one ormore openings 14 for accommodating theend portion 5 a of a wire standoff. For example, awasher 4 can have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ormore openings 14 for securing wire standoffs. The openings can be spaced along the body section of the washer as desired and can be selected to accommodate wire standoffs for providing coverage across the entire face of stacked reactor components. Theopening 14 can be any shape and have dimensions greater than the diameter or cross-section area of the end portion of the wire standoff. For example, thewasher openings 14 can be circular and have a circular diameter of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20 or 25 mm. -
FIG. 5 shows awire standoff 5 diagonally positioned across the outer diameter face of two vertically-stackedfans 2 wherein the wire standoff has twoend portions 5 a, a first and second, that extend throughopenings 14 in thewashers 4. Theend portions 5 a can form a hook by having a bend in the range of 70 to 180 degrees. The hook can be forced through theopening 14 in the washer to secure the wire standoff.FIG. 7 shows anend portion 5 a of awire standoff 5 extending downward through anopening 14 in awasher 4. The end portion has a hook having a bend angle of about 90 degrees. - In another embodiment of securing a wire standoff to a washer,
FIG. 5 shows a wire standoff with a middle portion having a hook ornotch 5 b that forms an open slot. The hook ornotch 5 b can be an indented portion along the length of thewire standoff 5, for example in the portion that is positioned between the outer tube and reactor components. One ormore notches 5 b can be positioned anywhere along the length of the wire standoff to align with the desiredreactor components 2. For instance, awasher 4 can be positioned or nested in the open slot of thehook 5 b for securing the wire standoff to the washer. The wire standoff can be flexed or forced around theinner diameter 4 a of a washer to slide the open slot of the middle portion over the washer for securing the wire standoff. The remaining twoend portions 5 a of the wire standoff can include securing features as discussed herein, such as a hook having a bend angle in the range of 70 to 180 degrees.FIG. 6 shows a cross-section view of awasher 4 positioned in the open slot of a middle portion of a wire standoff having anotch 5 b. As shown, theinner diameter face 4 a of the washer is in direct contact with the open slot formed by thenotch 5 b in the wire standoff. It may be desirable to have one or more open slot hooks 5 b between the twoend portions 5 a of a wire standoff for securing the standoff to vertical arrangement ofwashers 4. Multiple open slots can provide structural integrity and rigidity to the portions of the wire standoff positioned between the outer tube and the outer diameter face of the reactor components. -
FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of awire standoff 5. A wire standoff can be designed to have a middle portion having a V-shape. The angle of the V-shape can be in the range of 30 to 90 degree. The V-shape of the middle portion can be arranged upward as shown or downward for traversing across the outer diameter face of one or more stacked reactor components. Alternatively, multiple V-shaped wire standoffs can be arranged around the outer diameter face of reactor components in an upward/downward alternating pattern to provide 360-degree coverage of the outer diameter face of the components for ensuring the reactor components do not come into contact with the outer tube. Any number of wire standoffs can be used to encompass the outer diameter face of one or more reactor components. The V-shape portion can cover at least 1, 2, 3, 4 or more reactor components, such as fans. - As shown in
FIG. 9 , the twoend portions 5 a of the V-shapedwire standoff 5 can have a hook for securing the standoff to a washer. The hook can have a bend angle in the range of 70 to 180 degrees. The hook can form a notch for nesting a washer or alternatively the end portion can have a hook for extending through an opening in a washer. - In another embodiment, a wire standoff can be secured to a reactor component. An
end portion 5 a of a wire standoff can be a straight section without a hook. The straight end portion can extend inward into the at least onereactor component 2 through the outer circumferential face, for example into a fluid channel orduct FIG. 10 , the straight section or segment of theend portion 5 a can extend into theflow channel fan reactor component 2. The end portion can be secured to the reactor component by welding or tension caused by flexing thewire standoff 5 to fit the end portion in theflow channel -
FIG. 10 shows that the middle portion of a wire standoff, between the twoend portions 5 a secured to reactor components, can have a series of zig zags in an alternating “Z” pattern. Multiple wire standoffs having a zig zag pattern can be used to encompass the outer diameter face of one ormore reactor components 2. As arranged on the outer diameter face of reactor components, the wire standoff can have a height of at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more reactor components or 4 to 30 inches. -
FIG. 11 shows a wire standoff having a middle portion with a zig zag pattern for being positioned between an outer tube and one or more reactor components. Eachend portion 5 a of thewire standoff 5 has a straight section or leg for extending inward towards the center of the reactor. The straight section of the end portions should have sufficient length to prevent the wire standoff from detaching from the reactor components during installation. The straight section of the end portions of the wire standoff can be in the range of 20 to 80 mm. - The
wire standoff 5 can be positioned on the outer diameter face of thereactor components 2 by flexing or bending the standoff to align both end portions with a flow channel in the one or more fans. Once in position, the wire standoff can be released to provide a non-flexed state thereby creating tension at both end portions. Theend portions 5 a can press and provide a tension fitting at the flow channels for securing the wire standoff to the one or more reactor components. As noted above, theend portions 5 a of the wire standoffs can be welded to theflow channels reactor components 2 for securing them. -
FIGS. 12 and 13 show another embodiment of awire standoff 5 that can be secured toreactor components 2. Eachend portion 5 a of a wire standoff can have a straight section that can extend into areactor component 2. The straight section can extend into the reactor component in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the outer circumferential face of the reactor component and the inner wall surface of the outer tube. In between the twoend portions 5 a of each wire standoff is a portion positioned between the outer tube and the outer face of the reactor components to prevent the components from coming into contact with the outer tube. As shown, the middle portion of the wire standoff for ensuring a gap between the outer tube and reactor components can be substantially straight and traverse diagonally along the face of the components. - Diagonal positioning of the middle section of the wire standoffs can be on an angle in the range of 5 to 70 degrees. Multiple wire standoffs can be arranged around the outer diameter surface of the stacked fans to provide 360 degree coverage of the stacked components for ensuring a specified gap is maintained around the components and between the inner wall of the outer tube. Although three components are shown, the stack can include more components and the wire standoffs can have a length to accommodate any number of components.
- While various embodiments in accordance with the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and is susceptible to numerous changes and modifications as known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, this invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein, and includes all such changes and modification as encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
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US13/853,364 US9403138B2 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2013-03-29 | Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors |
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US201261619001P | 2012-04-02 | 2012-04-02 | |
US13/853,364 US9403138B2 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2013-03-29 | Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors |
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EP (1) | EP2834586B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6105042B2 (en) |
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IN (1) | IN2014DN08104A (en) |
MX (1) | MX356694B (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ700757A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2621852C2 (en) |
SG (1) | SG11201406148YA (en) |
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JP6603666B2 (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2019-11-06 | ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニー | Seal for use with catalyst structure |
US10543470B2 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-01-28 | Intramicron, Inc. | Reactors and methods for processes involving partial oxidation reactions |
JP7340602B2 (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2023-09-07 | ベーリンガー インゲルハイム インターナショナル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Continuous flow reactor for virus inactivation |
GB202009969D0 (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-08-12 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Low-carbon hydrogen process |
GB202201332D0 (en) | 2022-02-02 | 2022-03-16 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Low-carbon hydrogen process |
WO2023197077A1 (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-19 | Carbonova Corp. | A reactor for converting gaseous carbon-containing reactants to solid carbon product and associated methods |
WO2023215475A1 (en) * | 2022-05-04 | 2023-11-09 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Chemical flow-reactor |
GB202211765D0 (en) | 2022-08-11 | 2022-09-28 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Method of preventing metal dusting in a gas heated reforming apparatus |
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NZ700757A (en) | 2016-09-30 |
MX2014011853A (en) | 2015-04-10 |
WO2013151885A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
MX356694B (en) | 2018-06-11 |
AU2013243709A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
RU2014144297A (en) | 2016-05-27 |
EP2834586B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
BR112014024443B1 (en) | 2020-11-03 |
RU2621852C2 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
US20130259767A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
CN104335001A (en) | 2015-02-04 |
ZA201407106B (en) | 2020-02-26 |
EP2834586A1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
EP2834586A4 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
SG11201406148YA (en) | 2014-10-30 |
BR112014024443A2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
US9403138B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
IN2014DN08104A (en) | 2015-05-01 |
JP2015512333A (en) | 2015-04-27 |
JP6105042B2 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
AU2013243709B2 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
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