US20150313465A1 - Unreversed prism gonioscopy lens assembly - Google Patents
Unreversed prism gonioscopy lens assembly Download PDFInfo
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- US20150313465A1 US20150313465A1 US14/703,707 US201514703707A US2015313465A1 US 20150313465 A1 US20150313465 A1 US 20150313465A1 US 201514703707 A US201514703707 A US 201514703707A US 2015313465 A1 US2015313465 A1 US 2015313465A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/117—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for examining the anterior chamber or the anterior chamber angle, e.g. gonioscopes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
- A61B3/125—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes with contact lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0856—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors
- G02B17/086—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors wherein the system is made of a single block of optical material, e.g. solid catadioptric systems
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Abstract
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a double-reflecting contact lens assembly for viewing the anterior chamber of an eye is provided. The lens assembly includes: (a) a lens body having a contact end defining at least a portion of first surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of a second surface, wherein the lens body is a prism having an optical axis and magnification in the range of greater than 1× to about 2×; (b) a first reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body; and (c) a second reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body opposing the first reflecting surface. Other embodiments of the present disclosure include methods of making the lens assembly, methods of use, and a lens and handle assembly.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/012,189, filed Jun. 13, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/987,678, filed May 2, 2014, the disclosures of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
- In some ophthalmic procedures, it is desirable to view the periphery of the anterior chamber when the doctor's line of sight is along the optical axis of the eye. Having a line of sight along the optical axis of the eye is not possible with previously designed lenses. Therefore, there exists a need for a lens assembly enabling such a view for various ophthalmic procedures.
- This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is this summary intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
- The present disclosure relates generally to instruments of the type broadly applicable to ophthalmic procedures. As will be described in more detail below, the one or more examples of instruments includes a contact lens configured for direct contact for viewing parts of an eye.
- In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a double-reflecting contact lens assembly for viewing the anterior chamber of an eye is provided. The lens assembly includes: (a) a lens body having a contact end defining at least a portion of first surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of a second surface, wherein the lens body is a prism having an optical axis and magnification in the range of greater than 1× to about 2×; (b) a first reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body; and (c) a second reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body opposing the first reflecting surface.
- In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a double-reflecting contact lens assembly for viewing the anterior chamber of an eye is provided. The lens assembly includes: (a) a lens body having a contact end defining at least a portion of an eye contact surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of a viewing surface, wherein the lens body is a prism having an optical axis and magnification in the range of greater than 1× to about 1.5×; (b) a first reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body, wherein the first reflecting surface is substantially planar and intersects the viewing end of the lens body; (c) a second reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body opposing the first reflecting surface, wherein the second reflecting surface is substantially planar and intersects the contact and viewing ends of the lens body; (d) a first outer portion adjacent the first reflecting surface having a contact end defining at least a portion of the eye contact surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of the viewing surface; and (e) a second outer portion adjacent the second reflecting surface having a contact end defining at least a portion of the eye contact surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of the viewing surface, wherein the lens body and the first and second outer portions define a lens assembly having a substantially circular cross-section though a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
- In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of making a lens assembly is provided. The method includes: (a) obtaining a lens body having a contact end defining at least a portion of an eye contact surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of a viewing surface, wherein the lens body is a prism having an optical axis, a first planar surface and a second planar surface, and magnification in the range of greater than 1× to about 1.5×; (b) attaching first and second reflecting surfaces to the first and second planar surfaces of the lens body in an opposing relationship to one another; (c) attaching a first outer portion to the first reflective surface; (d) attaching a second outer portion to the second reflective surface; and (e) grinding and polishing the lens assembly to have a substantially circular cross-section through a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
- In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of using a lens assembly to view an anterior chamber of an eye is provided. The method includes: (a) obtaining a lens body having a contact end defining at least a portion of an eye contact surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of a viewing surface, wherein the lens body is a prism having an optical axis, a first planar surface and a second planar surface, and magnification in the range of greater than 1× to about 1.5×; and (b) viewing a first portion of the anterior chamber of the eye from a view substantially parallel to the optical axis of the eye.
- In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a double-reflecting contact lens and handle assembly for viewing the anterior chamber of an eye is provided. The lens and handle assembly includes (a) a lens including a lens body having a contact end defining at least a portion of first surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of a second surface, wherein the lens body is a prism having an optical axis and magnification in the range of greater than 1× to about 2×, a first reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body, and a second reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body opposing the first reflecting surface; and (b) a handle for carrying the lens in in a manner that provides rotation thereof, the handle including an actuator carried by the handle, wherein the actuator is configured to affect rotation of the lens.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the at least a portion of the first surface may be contoured to conform to the surface of an eye.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the first surface may have a contact diameter of less than 11 mm.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the first surface may have a contact diameter of less than 10 mm.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the viewing end may be angled relative to the optical axis.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the magnification of the lens body may be in the range of about 1.0× to about 2.0×, about 1.1× to about 1.5×, or about 1.2× to about 1.3×
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the first reflecting surface is angled relative to the optical axis, the angle being in the range of about 22 degrees to about 38 degrees.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the second reflecting surface may be angled relative to the optical axis, the angle being in the range of +/−10 degrees.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the first reflecting surface may intersect the contact and viewing ends of the lens body.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the first reflecting surface may intersect only the viewing end of the lens body.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the second reflecting surface may intersect the contact and viewing ends of the lens body.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the first reflecting surface may be substantially planar.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the second reflecting surface may be substantially planar.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the lens assembly may further include a first outer portion adjacent the first reflecting surface having a contact end defining at least a portion of the first surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of the second surface.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the lens assembly may further include a first outer portion adjacent the first reflecting surface having a viewing end defining at least a portion of the second surface.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the lens assembly may further include a second outer portion adjacent the second reflecting surface having a contact end defining at least a portion of the first surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of the second surface.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the lens body and the first and second outer portions define a lens assembly which may have a substantially circular cross-section though a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the lens assembly may further include a beveled edge at the first surface.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the lens assembly may further include a cut-out portion in the first surface.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the lens assembly does not include an outer protective coating.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the method of use may further include performing surgery on the first portion of the anterior chamber of the eye.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the method of use may further include rotating the lens assembly to view a second portion of the anterior chamber of the eye.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, rotation may be achieved by a rotating handle assembly.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the method of use may further include rotation may be achieved by one-handed actuation of the handle assembly.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the method of use may further include performing surgery on the second portion of the anterior chamber of the eye.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the lens may be surrounded by a collar, the collar defining a ring gear.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the actuator may include a drive shaft having a drive gear disposed on the distal end thereof, the drive gear configured and arranged to mesh with the ring gear.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the actuator may be manually actuated.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the actuator may be actuated via a drive motor.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the drive motor may be mounted to the handle and may interface with the drive shaft.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the handle may include a handle portion and a lens retainer portion.
- The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this disclosure will become more readily appreciated by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a contact lens assembly in contact with an eye in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 2 is a top isometric view of the contact lens assembly ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a bottom isometric view of the contact lens assembly ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIGS. 4-6 are various side views of the contact lens assembly ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the contact lens assembly ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view of a contact lens assembly in contact with an eye in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 9 is a top isometric view of the contact lens assembly ofFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 10 is a bottom isometric view of the contact lens assembly ofFIG. 8 ; -
FIGS. 11-13 are various side views of the contact lens assembly ofFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the contact lens assembly ofFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 15 is a side cross-sectional view of a previously designed Swan-Jacob Gonioprism contact lens; -
FIG. 16 is a side cross-sectional view of a previously designed Ahmed 1.5× Surgical Gonio contact lens; -
FIG. 17 is a side cross-sectional view of a previously designed Tano contact lens; -
FIGS. 18A and 18B are comparative microscope views showing the field of view with a previously designed Tano contact lens and a contact lens assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIGS. 19 and 20 are views of a contact lens assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, with the contact lens assembly including a beveled edge; -
FIGS. 21-23 are views of a contact lens assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, with the contact lens assembly having a wider field of view as compared to the embodiment shown inFIG. 8 ; and -
FIGS. 24A-36 are views of embodiments of lens handles for rotational control of the lenses. - Embodiments of the present disclosure are generally directed to contact lenses for use in ophthalmic procedures. Referring to
FIGS. 1-7 , acontact lens assembly 20 in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure is a lens designed for direct contact with the cornea C of an eye E (seeFIG. 1 ). Thelens assembly 20 is unreversed prism gonioscopy lens assembly designed to view the periphery of the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E. In that regard, thelens assembly 20 of the illustrated embodiment is a two-mirrored lens for an unreversed view. - Common lenses for use in gonioscopy (i.e., viewing the anterior chamber angle of the eye) are known as meniscus gonioscopy lenses, such as the commercially available Swan-Jacob Gonioprism Lens (the “Swan lens”) by Ocular Instruments, Inc. (see
FIG. 15 ). The Swan lens is a contact lens having a contact surface that conforms to the surface of an eye. The contact surface is curved and has an optical axis that may be aligned with the optical axis of the eye. The Swan lens also has a viewing surface that is offset in an anterior direction from the contact surface and has an optical axis that intersects the optical axis of the contact surface. When the Swan lens is positioned on the eye, the user may view the anterior chamber angle of the eye by looking into the Swan lens along an axis that crosses the contact surface optical axis. - Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to unreversed prism gonioscopy lens assemblies that allow for visualization of the anterior chamber angle A of the eye. The visualization is substantially normal to the surgical field, but not normal to an anterior curve that is offset at an angle relative to the patient's eye, as in typical Swan lenses. In that regard, the direction of observation, which may be through a microscope, is substantially parallel to the
optical axis 40 of the patient's eye E. In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, substantially normal to the surgical field may include a range of up to + or −10 degrees from normal. - One advantage of such a normal viewing angle is that the doctor may remain in one position without adjusting a microscope if using one, while simply rotating the lens to view the entire 360 degrees of the anterior chamber of the patient's eye. For 360 degree rotation without adjusting the position of the
lens assembly 20, the optical path P1 for viewing the anterior chamber angle A of the patient's eye E must be within a distance D from theoptical axis 40 of the patient's eye E, wherein the distance D is less than one half of the greatest distance L across the anterior chamber (seeFIG. 1 ). - An exemplary two-mirror unreversed lens assembly, although more difficult to build than a single-mirror lens assembly, allows the user to see the patient's eye in an unreversed view, as opposed to a reversed “mirror image” view seen by a single-mirror lens assembly. An exemplary single mirror lens assembly is the commercially available Ahmed 1.5× Surgical Gonio, by Ocular Instruments, Inc. (see
FIG. 16 ). The single mirror in the Ahmed lens provides visualization substantially normal to the surgical field, but the user sees the patient's eye in a reversed view. In contrast to a single-mirror view, a two-mirror unreversed view is particularly helpful when performing surgery because the tactile movements of the instruments match what is seen in the unreversed image. - Referring to
FIGS. 1-7 ,lens assembly 20 includes alens body 22 having acontact end 24 defining at least a portion of a first surface or aneye contact surface 26 and aviewing end 28 defining at least a portion of a second surface or aviewing surface 30. Thelens body 22 is a prism defining the viewing lens through which the user peers at the patient's eye E. Thelens body 22 may be manufactured from glass, acrylic, or any other material having suitable optics and capable of being cleaned and/or sterilized. - The
eye contact surface 26 is designed and configured for contact with the cornea region C of an eye E. Therefore, theeye contact surface 26 is concave in shape and conforms to and is compatible with the convex anterior surface of an eye E. In the illustrated embodiment, the radius of curvature of theeye contact surface 26 is about 7.85 mm; however, other radii of curvatures designed to approximate the curvature of an average human eye (or animal eye in veterinary applications) are within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the radius of curvature of theeye contact surface 26 may be in the range of about 6.5 mm to about 9 mm. - In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
lens assembly 20 may be sized to have acontact surface 26 diameter in the range of less than about 10 mm. In that regard, thelens assembly 20 is compatible with the average cornea, wherein the circular region where the cornea C meet the sclera S has a diameter of about 12 mm. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, thecontact surface 26 diameter may be about 9.75 mm.Optical axis 40 extends through theeye contact surface 26. The contact surface allows for a clear corneal incision, for example at a point of incision I inFIG. 1 such that a surgical tool (not shown) can be used in the anterior chamber angle A opposite the point of incision I. - The
viewing surface 30 may be a curved surface and its optical axis may intersect the eye'soptical axis 40. In the illustrated embodiment, the radius of curvature of theviewing surface 30 is about 20 mm; however,other viewing surface 30 curvatures are within the scope of the present disclosure. Theviewing surface 30 curvature can provide image magnification through thelens body 22. Laterally shifting and/or tilting theviewing surface 30 can enhance the image quality. - The use of prism (reflecting) surfaces 50 and 52 in the
lens assembly 20 allows for viewing the anterior chamber angle A while allowing the user to view from a view angle substantially parallel to theoptical axis 40 of the eye E (as opposed to a more tilted view angle). As mentioned above, such a view angle may be along theoptical axis 40, substantially parallel to theoptical axis 40, or within an angle range of up to + or −10 degrees of parallel to theoptical axis 40. Such a view angle provides the advantage of allowing the user to view multiple areas around the anterior chamber angle A the eye E without needing to adjust his or her body and/or the angle of the microscope relative to the patient. - As mentioned above, the
lens assembly 20 of the illustrated embodiment is an unreversed prism gonioscopy contact lens assembly. In that regard, thelens assembly 20 includes a first reflectingsurface 50 disposed adjacent thelens body 22. In the illustrated embodiment, the first reflectingsurface 50 is substantially planar and intersects the contact and viewing ends 24 and 28 of thelens body 22. Thelens assembly 20 further includes a second reflectingsurface 52 disposed adjacent thelens body 22 opposing the first reflectingsurface 50, wherein the second reflectingsurface 52 is substantially planar and intersects the contact and viewing ends 24 and 28 of thelens body 22. - The reflecting surfaces 50 and 52 may be total internal reflecting (TIR) surfaces or coated with appropriated surfaces to provide mirrored surfaces. In some embodiments, reflecting
surface 50 may be a TIR surface next to air. In some embodiments, reflectingsurface 52 may be a mirrored surface due to the typical angle of incidence. - In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second reflecting
surfaces surfaces - In the illustrated embodiment, the first reflecting
surface 50 is positioned at an angle of about 30 degrees relative to theoptical axis 40 and intersects theoptical axis 40 near theeye contact surface 26. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first reflectingsurface 50 may be positioned at an angle in the range of about 22 to about 38 degrees relative to theoptical axis 40, or in the range of about 25 to about 35 degrees relative to theoptical axis 40. - The second reflecting
surface 52 is positioned substantially parallel to theoptical axis 40. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second reflectingsurface 52 may be positioned at an angle in the range of about 85 to about 95 degrees+/−5 degrees relative to theoptical axis 40. In this configuration, the viewer views the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E along path P1. Likewise, the viewer may also view the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E from a slightly tilted view along one of paths P2 or P3. - As seen in the illustrated embodiment of
FIGS. 1-7 , thelens assembly 20 may have a circular cross-section through a plane perpendicular to theoptical axis 40. To make a circular cross-section, thelens assembly 20 may include optional first and secondouter portions FIG. 7 . In other embodiments of the present disclosure, either of first and secondouter portions lens assembly 20. - The first
outer portion 70 is attached to the first reflectingsurface 50 on the opposite side of the first reflectingsurface 50. The firstouter portion 70 may include acontact end 72 defining at least a portion of theeye contact surface 26 andviewing end 74 defining at least a portion of theviewing surface 30. Firstouter portion 70 is not needed optically, but is designed to protect first reflectingsurface 50 and to provide alens assembly 20 having a circular cross-section through a plane perpendicular to theoptical axis 40. - The second
outer portion 80 is attached to the second reflectingsurface 52 on the opposite side of the second reflectingsurface 52. The secondouter portion 80 may include acontact end 82 defining at least a portion of theeye contact surface 26 andviewing end 84 defining at least a portion of theviewing surface 30. Secondouter portion 80, like firstouter portion 70, is not needed optically, but is designed to protect second reflectingsurface 52 and to provide alens assembly 20 having a circular cross-section through a plane perpendicular to theoptical axis 40. - In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second
outer portions viewing surfaces lens assembly 20. However, in certain embodiments, the first and secondouter portions eye contact surface 26 to theviewing surface 30 of thelens assembly 20. In that regard, theseportions eye contact surface 26 and theviewing surface 30 of thelens assembly 20. (See, for example, the alternate embodiment ofFIGS. 8-14 .) - Referring to
FIGS. 19 and 20 , in one embodiment of the present disclosure, thecontact end 224 includes an optionalbeveled edge 290 at thecontact end 224 of thelens assembly 220. Thebeveled edge 290 allows for reduced contact area of thelens assembly 220 with the eye E (as compared to the viewing cross-sectional area of the lens assembly) to enable the use of surgical instruments on the eye E in or near the outer circumference of thebeveled edge 290. In that regard, there is reduced interference around the eye E for the user who may be performing surgery on the eye E while using thecontact lens assembly 220. In the illustrated embodiment, thebevel 90 is at a 45 degree angle relative to the optical axis. However, other angles for thebevel 290 are also within the scope of the present disclosure. - In addition to or in lieu of a bevel, exclusion of one or both of the first and second
outer portions 70 and 80 (seeFIG. 1 ) may also provide reduced interference around the eye E for the user who may be performing surgery on the eye E while using thecontact lens assembly 20. - The
lens body 22 is designed and configured to include magnification to aid in visualization of the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E. Magnification is typically provided by use of an external microscope. However, high magnification in an external microscope can decrease the field of view seen by the microscope, limiting the view outside the ophthalmic contact lens. For example, compare the field of view inFIG. 18A for a previously designed lens designed for vitrectomy viewing and having no magnification andFIG. 18B for a lens assembly in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure including 1.3× magnification. - In
FIG. 18A , a photograph of an eye is shown at a microscope setting of 25× using the Tano Lens (the “Tano lens”) by Ocular Instruments, Inc., commercially available in 1997. The Tano lenses, one example of which is seen inFIG. 17 , were developed for viewing the vitrectomy region in the back of the eye and/or the anterior chamber angle, but were not designed for surgical procedures in the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E. Referring toFIG. 17 , the Tano lens is a double-mirror lens assembly having no curvature on its viewing end. Therefore, the magnification provided by the Tano lens is less than 1×, at about 0.8×. The previously designed Tano lens for viewing the anterior chamber angle did not have enough magnification for surgery. Its primary use was for inspection of the anterior chamber angle during vitrectomy surgery. Therefore, the diameter of the Tano lens was designed to fit into common vitrectomey rings that are sutured to the eye during surgery. - Because of limitations in manufacturing processes, reflective surfaces, and adhesives in the 1990s, the Tano lens was coated with an outer protective coating P to prevent degradation of the lens particularly at the seams. Such protective coatings did not impair light entry for viewing the vitrectomy region in the back of the eye. However, the inventors found such protective coatings to impair the surgical view of the anterior chamber angle. Therefore, embodiments of the present disclosure are manufactured with advanced manufacturing processes, reflective surfaces, and adhesives without requiring an outer protective coating.
- Because of the reduced magnification in the Tano lens, high magnification of 25× is used in the microscope to adequately view the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E for surgery in the trabecular meshwork. The result of such high magnification in the microscope is a limited view of the surgical field, impairing the surgeon's ability to operate, as can be seen in
FIG. 18A . - Referring now to
FIG. 18B , a photograph of an eye is shown at a microscope setting of 16× using a lens assembly in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure having 1.3× magnification in the lens assembly. With reduced microscope magnification of 16× (as compared to 25× inFIG. 18A ), the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E can be adequately viewed while still provided a large view of the surgical field. - In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, magnification is provided in the
lens body 22 itself to increase magnification of the eye E while maintaining the microscope field of view. Suitable magnification may be in the range of greater than 1×, in the range of about greater than 1× to 2×, in the range of about 1.1× to about 1.5×, or in the range of about 1.2× to about 1.3×. - The illustrated embodiment of
FIGS. 1-7 may be useful in glaucoma examination and/or surgical procedures, for example, procedures for disorders such as open-angle and/or closed-angle glaucoma. Generally described, aqueous humor, a fluid that is produced within the eye, drains via the trabecular meshwork into the canal of Schlemm then into the scleral plexuses and into general blood circulation of the body. - The major risk factor for most glaucoma's, and the focus of treatment, is relieving increased intraocular pressure, which is a function of the production of liquid aqueous humor without adequate drainage. In open/wide-angle glaucoma, flow is reduced through the trabecular meshwork as a result of degeneration and/or obstruction of the trabecular meshwork. To relieve the increased intraocular pressure, one or more stents may be inserted into the trabecular meshwork in various locations.
- For example, a stent for Micro Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) has been recently approved by the FDA to improve fluid outflow in open-angle glaucoma patients for implantation in the patient's eye during cataract surgery
- In the cataract procedure, the microscope is generally positioned such that the doctor's line of sight is along the optical axis. Therefore, it is desirable to perform the anterior chamber angle procedures with the microscope in the same position. Embodiments of the present disclosure enable a view the periphery of the anterior chamber when the doctor's line of sight is along the optical axis.
- Other procedures performed after a cataract surgery may include ab interno approaches include synechiolysis, goniotomy, placenent of aqueas drainage stents etc. In ab interno approaches, the trabecular meshwork is engaged from inside the anterior chamber, having the benefits of only clear cornea healing with the sclera and conjunctiva left intact.
- To insert such stents during an open-angle glaucoma surgical procedure, the user may move or rotate the
lens assembly 20 to a first position on the eye E to insert a first stent into the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E, then to a second position on the eye E to insert a second stent into another place in the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E. Likewise, during an examination procedure, the user may move thelens assembly 20 from a first position on the eye E to examine a first portion of the anterior chamber angle A, then to a second position on the eye E to examine a second portion of the anterior chamber angle A. - Embodiments of the present disclosure may also be used in closed-angle glaucoma surgical procedures. In closed-angle glaucoma (or angle closure glaucoma), the iridocorneal angle may become closed because of forward displacement of the iris against the cornea. Such displacement may impede aqueous fluid flow from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber of the eye and then out of the trabecular network. This accumulation of aqueous humor causes an acute increase of pressure and pain.
- To view areas of the eye where the anterior chamber angle is closed, embodiments of the present disclosure allow the user to rotate the lens to view multiple positions along the perimeter of the anterior chamber angle and, in some cases, the entire periphery of the anterior chamber angle.
- In use, referring to
FIG. 1 , thelens assembly 20 is placed upon the eye E of a patient. To view the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E using thecontact lens assembly 20 of the present disclosure, the viewer views in a direction along or substantially parallel or slightly angled relative to theoptical axis 40 of the eye E, for example, along exemplary viewing paths P1, P2, or P2. - If surgically operating on the eye, surgical instruments may be inserted at the junction between the cornea C and sclera S regions of the eye E. The small sizing of the
lens assembly 20 and thebeveled edge 90 at thecontact end 24 of thelens assembly 20 provide for areas for surgical instruments to be inserted into the eye E. - The user may need to view and/or surgically operate on multiple regions around the perimeter of the anterior chamber angle A of the eye. Therefore, the user may need to rotate the
lens assembly 20 on the user's eye. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the user may hold thelens assembly 20 by hand and rotate thelens assembly 20. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the user may dispose thelens assembly 20 in ahandle assembly 92, and rotate the handle to rotate thelens assembly 20. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, thelens assembly 20 may be rotatable within a collar attached to the handle. Therefore, the user would hold the handle in one position with one hand and use the second handle to rotate thelens assembly 20 within the collar. - In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the handle assembly may be configured for rotating the
lens assembly 20 relative to the eye E. In one exemplary embodiment, the use can rotate thelens assembly 20 on the eye E by using a one-handed operation. In that regard, the user holds the handle assembly holding thelens assembly 20 steady against the patient's eye E. Then, the user moves a user-manipulatable actuator that affects rotational movement of thelens assembly 20 with respect to the handle assembly. An exemplary handle assembly designed for one-handed operation is described in greater detail below. - In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the lens handle may be a disposable or reusable lens handle. In some embodiments, the lens handle may be permanently affixed to the lens assembly. In one embodiment, the lens handle and the lens assembly are permanently affixed to one another and made for one-time use.
- A method of making the lens assembly will now be described in greater detail. First, the maker manufactures a
lens body 22 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Thelens body 22 has been designed to have acontact end 24 defining at least a portion of aneye contact surface 26 of thelens assembly 20 and aviewing end 28 defining at least a portion of aviewing surface 30 of thelens assembly 20. Thelens body 22 is a prism having anoptical axis 40, a firstplanar surface 42 and a secondplanar surface 44, and magnification in the range of about 1.1× to about 1.5×. - The maker of the
lens assembly 20 attaches first and second reflectingsurfaces planar surfaces lens body 22 in an opposing relationship to one another. Such reflecting surfaces may be plated on thelens body 22 using conventional plating techniques. - The maker of the
lens assembly 20 then attaches a firstouter portion 70 to the firstreflective surface 50 and a secondouter portion 80 to the secondreflective surface 52. Such first and secondouter portions lens assembly 20. - The
lens assembly 20 is then ground and polished to have desired ocular properties and a substantially circular cross-section through a plane perpendicular to theoptical axis 40. - Referring now to
FIGS. 8-14 , another embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. Thelens assembly 120 ofFIGS. 8-14 is substantially similar to thelens assembly 20 ofFIGS. 1-7 , except for differences regarding the shape and dimensions of the lens assembly and the contact surface and the configuration of the reflecting surfaces relative to the lens body. Like elements in thelens 120 ofFIGS. 8-14 use like numerals as thelens assembly 20 inFIGS. 1-7 , except enumerated in the 100 series. - The
contact lens 120 shown in the illustrated embodiment ofFIGS. 8-14 , like the embodiment ofFIGS. 1-7 , may be useful in glaucoma examination and/or surgical procedures. As described above, surgical tools may be inserted into the eye E at the junction between the cornea C and sclera S regions of the eye E. - In the illustrated
lens assembly 120 ofFIGS. 8-14 , theviewing surface 130 and the contact area of theeye contact surface 126 are larger than those surfaces of the previously described embodiment. In that regard, thelens body 122 is larger, providing a wider field of view, as compared to thelens body 22 of the illustrated embodiment ofFIGS. 1-7 . Thelarger lens body 122 has the advantageous effect of not having to be rotated as frequently for the user to view the portions or the entirety of the perimeter of the anterior chamber angle A. - In one embodiment, the
contact surface 126 diameter of thelens assembly 120 is larger than thecontact surface 26 diameter of the previously described embodiment ofFIGS. 1-7 . To enable use of alarger lens body 122 having alarger contact surface 126 diameter, thelens assembly 120 includes acutout portion 134 in thecontact end 124 to enable the insertion of surgical instruments, as can be seenFIGS. 8 , 10, 12, and 14. - Like the previously described embodiment, the
lens body 122 ofFIGS. 8-14 has twoplanar surfaces 142 and 144 (seeFIG. 14 ) that are configured as reflectingsurfaces 150 and 152 (seeFIG. 8 ) to define an unreversed prism gonioscopycontact lens assembly 120. The first reflectingsurface 150 is disposed adjacent thelens body 122. In the illustrated embodiment, the first reflectingsurface 150 is substantially planar and intersects only theviewing end 128 of thelens body 122. In that regard, the first reflectingsurface 150 is truncated atcorner 154 and includesshelf 172. This truncated configuration for the first reflectingsurface 150 may help in reducing glare for the user of thelens assembly 120. This truncated configuration may also increase the field of the anterior chamber angle A in the anterior direction and increase the central view (straight down through thelens body 122 without using a mirror) to show an instrument moving from the point of incision I to the anterior chamber angle A. - The second reflecting
surface 152 is disposed adjacent thelens body 122 opposing the first reflectingsurface 150. The second reflectingsurface 152 is substantially planar and extends between both the contact and viewing ends 124 and 128 of thelens body 122. The reflecting surfaces 150 and 152 may suitably be mirrored or TIR surfaces, or other reflecting surfaces. - In the illustrated embodiment, the first reflecting
surface 150 is positioned at an angle of about 30 degrees relative to theoptical axis 140 and intersects theoptical axis 140 near theeye contact surface 126. The second reflectingsurface 152 is positioned substantially parallel to theoptical axis 140. In this configuration, the viewer looking in view path parallel to theoptical axis 140 of the eye E, views the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E along path P3. Likewise, the viewer may also view the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E from a tilted view along path P4. - In use, referring to
FIG. 8 , thelens assembly 120 is placed upon the eye E of a patient against the eye. To view the periphery of the anterior chamber angle A of the eye E using thecontact lens assembly 120 of the present disclosure, the viewer views in a direction along or substantially parallel or slightly titled relative to theoptical axis 140 of the of thelens assembly 120, for example, along exemplary viewing paths P4, P5, or P6. - If surgically operating on the eye, surgical instruments may be inserted at the junction between the cornea C and sclera S regions of the eye E. The
cutout region 134 at thecontact end 124 of thelens assembly 120 provides an area for surgical instruments to be inserted into the eye E. - A method of making the lens assembly will now be described in greater detail. First, the maker manufactures a
lens body 122 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The maker of thelens assembly 120 attaches first and second reflectingsurfaces planar surfaces lens body 122 in an opposing relationship to one another. Such reflecting surfaces may be plated on thelens body 122 using plating techniques. - The maker of the
lens assembly 120 then attaches a firstouter portion 170 to the firstreflective surface 150 and a secondouter portion 180 to the secondreflective surface 152. Such first and secondouter portions lens assembly 20. - The
lens assembly 120 is then ground and polished to have desired ocular properties and a substantially circular cross-section through a plane perpendicular to theoptical axis 140. - Referring now to
FIGS. 21-23 , another embodiment of a contact lens assembly is provided. The embodiment ofFIGS. 21-23 is substantially similar to the embodiment ofFIGS. 8-14 in design and manufacture, except that reflectingsurfaces lens body 322 without using a mirror) to provide an enhanced view of an instrument moving from the point of incision I to the anterior chamber angle A. - Embodiments of handle assemblies for one-handed operation will now be described in greater detail with reference to
FIGS. 24A-36 . Such handle assemblies can be used in combination with the lenses described above. - Turning now to
FIGS. 24A-24B , there is shown one example of a lens handle, generally designated 420, formed in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The lens handle 420 is suitable for use during medical procedures of the eye, such as for example, the treatment of glaucoma or the like. Generally described, thelens handle 420 includes alens assembly 424 carried by or otherwise associated with ahandle 428. As will be described in more detail below, thelens handle 420 is configured for one-handed operation, including a user manipulatable actuator 430 (seeFIG. 24B ) that affects movement of thelens assembly 424 with respect to thehandle 428. In use, thelens handle 420 can be grasped with one hand of the user while the other hand of the user is free to hold another instrument associated with the particular medical procedure. While thelens handle 420 is in the hand of the user, thelens assembly 424 can be manipulated firstly by movement of thehandle 428 via the user's wrist or arm, and secondly, by actuation of theactuator 430 with the user's finger or fingers of the hand grasping thehandle 428. - Referring to
FIGS. 24A-30 , the components of thelens handle 420 will be described in more detail. As shown inFIGS. 24A , 24B, 25, and 30, thelens assembly 424 is carried at the end of thehandle 428. In that regard, thehandle 428 includes anelongate body 432 to which alens assembly retainer 434 is formed, attached, or otherwise provided at the distal end thereof. In the embodiment shown inFIGS. 24A and 30 , thelens assembly retainer 434 is in the form of a ring defining a cylindrical bore 436 (FIG. 30 ), and havingwalls 438 with a generally rectangular cross section and a top chamfered edge. Thelens assembly retainer 434 is disposed at an angle α with respect to the longitudinal axis of thehandle 428, as shown inFIG. 30 . In some embodiments, the angle α is approximately between 30 and 40 degrees or greater, and in one embodiment, is approximately 35 degrees. In other embodiments, the angle α is approximately between 0-15 degrees or greater for use with, for example, slit lamp lenses. As such, one or more embodiments may employ an angle α approximately between 0-50 degrees. As will be described in more detail below, thelens assembly retainer 434 is sized and configured to interface with thelens assembly 424 for releasable securement therewith. Once coupled, thelens assembly 424 is allowed to rotate about theaxis 440 of thebore 436. - Referring now to
FIG. 25 , thelens assembly 424 in some embodiments includes a collar-like lens housing 442 (“lens housing 442”) that surrounds alens 444. Thelens 444 can be any suitable “on-axis” style viewing lens (e.g., an unreversed viewing lens described above). - At its distal end, the
lens housing 442 includes alens retaining interface 450 configured to retain or hold thelens 444 in position during use. In some embodiments, thelens retaining interface 450 is in the form of a collet having a plurality of annularlydisposed legs 456 separated by kerfs orslots 458, as shown in inFIGS. 26 , 27, and 29. The collet defines a generally cylindrical,inner cavity 462 for receiving at least a portion of thelens 444 therein. As shown inFIG. 29 , the outer, free ends of thelegs 456 can be slanted generally inwardly in some embodiments, each forming anengagement flange segment 464. Together, theengagement flange segments 464 define the distal opening 468 (seeFIG. 27 ) of thelens housing 442, which communicates with theinner cavity 462. - In some embodiments, the
legs 456 are configured and arranged to slightly flex outwardly during installation of thelens 444. As a result, theengagement flange segments 464 of the slightly flexedlegs 456 apply pressure to the outer surface of thelens 444. This pressure, along with frictional forces between thelens 444 and the inner walls of thehousing 442, releasably retain or hold thelens 444. In the embodiment shown inFIGS. 24A and 24B , a portion of thelens 444 extends outwardly of the distal end of thelens housing 442 once retained by the collet of thelens housing 442. It will be appreciated that thelens 444 can be any type of lens useful in one or more surgical procedures, including but not limited to a direct viewing lens, a mirrored lens, an unreversed viewing lens, etc. - Returning to
FIGS. 26 , 27, and 29, thelens housing 442 also includes anannular flange 476 spaced proximally of the lens retaining interface 450 (e.g., collet, etc.). Theannular flange 476 extends radially outwardly of thehousing 442, and in some embodiments, has a somewhat truncated, right triangular-like cross section (FIG. 29 ). In that regard, theflange 476 defines a proximal facingsurface 480 positioned orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of thehousing 442 and aslanted surface 482. Extending from the slantedsurface 482 of theflange 476 are a plural ofgear teeth 486, thereby forming a ring gear 488 (seeFIGS. 26 and 27 ). In the embodiment shown, the ends of theteeth 486 of thering gear 488 are generally rounded and extend at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the housing 442 (seeFIG. 29 ). In some embodiments, the angle β is approximately between 30-40 degrees, and in one embodiment, is approximately 35 degrees. In these and other embodiments, the angle is approximately equal to the angle α. - The
lens housing 442 further includes ahandle coupling interface 494 disposed at its proximal end, opposite thelens retaining interface 450. Thehandle coupling interface 494 is configured to couple thelens housing 442 with thelens assembly retainer 434 of thehandle 428. In some embodiments, thehandle coupling interface 494 is configured to releasably couple thelens housing 442 to thehandle 428. - In the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 26 , 27, and 29, thehandle coupling interface 494 includes a pair of opposingsnap retainers 496 extending in the proximal direction from the outer annular walls of a proximal section of thelens housing 442. Thesnap retainers 496 include radially outwardly extendingflange sections 498, the bottoms of which form anannular channel 500 with the proximal facingsurface 480 of theannular ring 476. Thesnap extensions 496 are configured and arranged to slightly flex inwardly during coupling of thelens assembly 424 to thehandle 428. In that regard, theflange segments 498 snap back (with the snap extensions) after they pass through thebore 436 of thelens assembly retainer 434, causing thelens assembly retainer 434 to be disposed in thechannel 500 and surrounding thelens housing 442, and thus, coupling thelens assembly 424 to thehandle 428. Once coupled, thelens assembly 424 is allowed to rotate with respect to thehandle 428 about thelongitudinal axis 440 of thebore 436. In use, thelongitudinal axis 440 is generally aligned with the optical axis of the patient's eye. - In some embodiments, the
lens housing 442 includes an optional, innerannular flange 502 positioned somewhat in the proximal cavity. The innerannular flange 502 in some embodiments may be used as an end stop for insertion of thelens 444. - Returning now to
FIGS. 24A , 24B, and 30, theactuator 430 is carried by thebody 432, and is configured and arranged to interface with thelens assembly 424 in order to manipulate thelens assembly 424. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 30 , theactuator 430 includes adrive shaft 504 journaled for rotation about an axis parallel with the longitudinal axis of thehandle 428. At the distal end of thedrive shaft 504 there is formed, attached or otherwise provided adrive gear 508. Thedrive gear 508 includes a plurality ofteeth 512 configured and arranged to cooperate with theteeth 486 of thering gear 488 such that rotation of thedrive shaft 504 results in rotation of thelens assembly 424. Along the length of the body, thedrive shaft 504 can include a lever in the form of a knob or can be formed with a splined or knurled section to interface with a finger or fingers of the user. In that regard, thehandle body 432 may include arecess 446 or the like to provide access to thedrive shaft 504 in order for the user's finger to contact and rotate thedrive shaft 504. Access to thedrive shaft 504 is positioned in an ergonomic location such that the user (e.g., surgeon) can hold thehandle 428 and rotate the drive shaft in a one handed operation. Thehandle body 432 in some embodiments may be ergonomically configured for comfort when gripped by the doctor and can include one or more knurled surface sections. - Additionally or alternatively, the
drive shaft 504 may include anenlarged knob 506 formed, affixed, mounted, or otherwise disposed at the proximal end thereof. In several embodiments of the present disclosure, theknob 506 provides an alternative or additional lever suitable for use by the doctor in order to rotate thedrive shaft 504. -
FIGS. 31A and 31B illustrate another embodiment of alens handle 520 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The lens handle 520 is substantially identical to lens handle 420 described above with reference toFIGS. 24A-30 except for the differences that will now be described. In that regard, attention is directed toFIGS. 31A-36 , which illustrates one example of alens handle 520 in which theactuator 530 is driven by adrive motor 552. As best shown inFIGS. 31B and 32 , thedrive motor 552 is mounted to the proximal end of the handle body 532 via mountingbracket 554 or other suitable structure. Thedrive motor 552 includes an output shaft 590 that is configured to interface (e.g., keyed, splined, pinned, etc.) with theknob 606 of thedrive shaft 604 for effecting co-rotation therebetween. While the output shaft 590 is oriented coaxially with thedrive shaft 604, other configurations are possible. For example, in some embodiments, the output shaft 590 can be offset with thedrive shaft 604 or can be disposed orthogonal thereto, etc. - Drive signals for operating the
drive motor 552 with either continuous or incremental rotation can be supplied via activation of aswitch 594. Theswitch 594 can be mounted on thehandle 528 or remote therefrom, such as a foot switch, table mounted switch, etc. As such, activation of theswitch 594, such as by movement, delivers device specific control signals to be carried out by thedrive motor 552. In some embodiments, thedrive motor 552 can include but is not limited to AC or DC electric motor, a stepper motor, a servo motor, etc. - In one embodiment, the
drive motor 552 includes a stepper motor that receives signal pulses from acontroller 596, such as a microcontroller, via operation of theswitch 594. The stepper motor can be servo-controlled, depending on its intended application. In response to the signal pulses, the stepper motor rotates the output shaft 590 clockwise/counterclockwise, in increments or “steps” of full shaft rotation. In turn, the output shaft 590 drives the drive shaft 204 in order to rotate thelens assembly 524 from 0-90 degrees in some embodiments (e.g., using a 4-mirrored lens, etc.), and between 0-360 degrees in other embodiments. - The lens handle 520 also employs another example of a lens housing, generally designated 542. The
lens housing 542 can also be employed with thehandle 28 described above. In that regard, various configurations of the lens housing may be employed with the lens handles 420, 520 depending on its intended application (e.g., which lens is preferred by the doctor for a given ophthalmological procedure). In that regard, any lens housing that either permanently or selectively retains a lens while also providing a suitable interface with the actuator may be practiced with embodiments of the present disclosure. - As shown in
FIGS. 34-36 , thelens housing 542 is configured for use with, for example, a prism lens 544 (seeFIG. 34 ). In that regard, thelens housing 542 is generally collar shaped for retaining thelens 544. Thelens housing 542 includes ahandle coupling interface 594 configured to couple thelens housing 542 to thelens assembly retainer 534 of thehandle 528. In some embodiments, thehandle coupling interface 594 is configured to releasably couple thelens housing 542 to thehandle 528. - At its distal end, the
lens housing 542 includes alens retaining interface 550 configured to retain or hold thelens 544 in position during use. In some embodiments, thelens retaining interface 550 forms of aninternal shoulder 610 formed by adistal opening 568 of smaller cross section than theinterior cavity 562 of the main body of thelens housing 542. Theshoulder 610 andopening 568 cooperatively receive thelens 544 when assembled, as shown inFIG. 35 . - While one example of a gear arrangement has be illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that other rotary to rotary mechanisms may be employed in embodiments of the
lens handle lens assembly - It should be noted that for purposes of this disclosure, terminology such as “upper,” “lower,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “fore,” “aft,” “inner,” “outer,” “inwardly,” “outwardly,” “proximal”, “distal,” “front,” “rear,” etc., should be construed as descriptive and not limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter. Further, the use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Unless limited otherwise, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and “mounted” and variations thereof herein are used broadly and encompass direct and indirect connections, couplings, and mountings.
- While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
Claims (22)
1. A double-reflecting contact lens assembly for viewing the anterior chamber of an eye, the lens assembly comprising:
(a) a lens body having a contact end defining at least a portion of first surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of a second surface, wherein the lens body is a prism having an optical axis and magnification in the range of greater than 1× to about 2×;
(b) a first reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body; and
(c) a second reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body opposing the first reflecting surface.
2. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the first surface is contoured to conform to the surface of an eye.
3. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first surface has a contact diameter of less than 11 mm.
4. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first surface has a contact diameter of less than 10 mm.
5. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the viewing end is angled relative to the optical axis.
6. (canceled)
7. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first reflecting surface is angled relative to the optical axis, the angle being in the range of about 22 degrees to about 38 degrees.
8. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the second reflecting surface is angled relative to the optical axis, the angle being in the range of +/−10 degrees.
9. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first reflecting surface intersects the contact and viewing ends of the lens body.
10. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first reflecting surface intersects only the viewing end of the lens body.
11. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the second reflecting surface intersects the contact and viewing ends of the lens body.
12. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first reflecting surface is substantially planar.
13. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the second reflecting surface is substantially planar.
14. The lens assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a first outer portion adjacent the first reflecting surface having a contact end defining at least a portion of the first surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of the second surface.
15. The lens assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a first outer portion adjacent the first reflecting surface having a viewing end defining at least a portion of the second surface.
16. The lens assembly of claim 15 , further comprising a second outer portion adjacent the second reflecting surface having a contact end defining at least a portion of the first surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of the second surface.
17. The lens assembly of claim 16 , wherein the lens body and the first and second outer portions define a lens assembly having a substantially circular cross-section though a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
18. The lens assembly of claim 1 , further including a beveled edge at the first surface.
19. The lens assembly of claim 1 , further including a cut-out portion in the first surface.
20. The lens assembly of claim 1 , wherein the lens assembly does not include an outer protective coating.
21. A double-reflecting contact lens assembly for viewing the anterior chamber of an eye, the lens assembly comprising:
(a) a lens body having a contact end defining at least a portion of an eye contact surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of a viewing surface, wherein the lens body is a prism having an optical axis and magnification in the range of greater than 1× to about 1.5×;
(b) a first reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body, wherein the first reflecting surface is substantially planar and intersects the viewing end of the lens body;
(c) a second reflecting surface disposed adjacent the lens body opposing the first reflecting surface, wherein the second reflecting surface is substantially planar and intersects the contact and viewing ends of the lens body;
(d) a first outer portion adjacent the first reflecting surface having a contact end defining at least a portion of the eye contact surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of the viewing surface; and
(e) a second outer portion adjacent the second reflecting surface having a contact end defining at least a portion of the eye contact surface and a viewing end defining at least a portion of the viewing surface, wherein the lens body and the first and second outer portions define a lens assembly having a substantially circular cross-section though a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
22-35. (canceled)
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US15/953,181 US10729322B2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2018-04-13 | Unreversed prism gonioscopy lens and carrier assembly |
US15/953,212 US10716470B2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2018-04-13 | Unreversed prism gonioscopy lens |
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US201462012189P | 2014-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | |
US14/703,707 US20150313465A1 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2015-05-04 | Unreversed prism gonioscopy lens assembly |
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US15/953,212 Continuation US10716470B2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2018-04-13 | Unreversed prism gonioscopy lens |
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US15/953,181 Active US10729322B2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2018-04-13 | Unreversed prism gonioscopy lens and carrier assembly |
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JPWO2019012881A1 (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2020-05-07 | ソニー株式会社 | Image processing device, ophthalmic observation device, and ophthalmic observation system |
JP7092131B2 (en) | 2017-07-12 | 2022-06-28 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | Image processing device, ophthalmic observation device and ophthalmic observation system |
EP3666171A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-17 | Ocular Instruments, Inc. | Lens indexing assembly |
CN110261991A (en) * | 2019-06-01 | 2019-09-20 | 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 | A kind of periscope type lens mould group and the prism apparatus applied to periscope type lens mould group |
Also Published As
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WO2015168695A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
US10729322B2 (en) | 2020-08-04 |
US20180271365A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
US20180271366A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
US10716470B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 |
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