US20150308240A1

US20150308240A1 - Downhole setting tool

Info

Publication number: US20150308240A1
Application number: US14/647,590
Authority: US
Inventors: Jørgen Hallundbæk; Ricardo Reves Vasques; Lars Stæhr; Ivan Sciera JENSEN
Original assignee: Welltec AS
Current assignee: Welltec AS
Priority date: 2012-12-07
Filing date: 2013-12-06
Publication date: 2015-10-29
Also published as: EP2929133A2; EP2740888A1; WO2014086962A2; RU2015124166A; CN104797779A; WO2014086962A3; AU2013353986A1; AU2013353986B2; BR112015011810A2; MX2015006505A; CA2892238A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a downhole setting tool for setting an annular sealing structure in an openhole part of a well, comprising: a tool body (5) having a tool axis, a shaft (7) having a first end and a second end, connected to the tool body at the second end, an expandable pipe (10) having a transport position in which the expandable pipe has an unexpanded diameter, and an expanded position in which the expandable pipe has an expanded diameter, an annular sealing element (11), and a pipe expansion element (12) arranged at the first end of the shaft for expanding at least the pipe, wherein the expandable pipe and the annular sealing element are arranged in succession along the tool axis in a non-overlapping manner. The tool further comprises a second expansion (14) with an inclined surface on which annular seal slides when being pushed by expansion element (12) onto the outside of the expandable pipe (10).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a downhole setting tool for setting an annular base structure in an openhole part of a well. The present invention also relates to an annular base structure, a downhole sealing system and a method of expanding an annular base structure in an openhole part of a well.

BACKGROUND ART

A well may be partly cased and partly openhole, meaning that the part of the well furthest away from the top of the well is an openhole part of the well. Most often, the production zone in which the hydrocarbon-containing fluid flows out of the reservoir is arranged in the openhole part of the well. In the event of a water breakthrough in the openhole part of the well, the production zone needs to be sealed off. Due to the fact the openhole part of the well has a larger diameter than the cased part, it may be difficult to set an annular sealing structure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to wholly or partly overcome the above disadvantages and drawbacks of the prior art. More specifically, it is an object to provide an improved downhole tool capable of setting an annular sealing structure in an openhole part of a well while being submergible through the cased part of the well.
The above objects, together with numerous other objects, advantages, and features, which will become evident from the below description, are accomplished by a solution in accordance with the present invention by a downhole setting tool for setting an annular base structure in an openhole part of a well, comprising:
a tool body having a tool axis,
a shaft having a first end and a second end, connected to the tool body at the second end,
an expandable pipe having a transport position in which the expandable pipe has an unexpanded diameter, and an expanded position in which the expandable pipe has an expanded diameter,
an annular sealing element, and
a pipe expansion element arranged at the first end of the shaft for expanding at least the pipe,
wherein the expandable pipe and the annular sealing element are arranged in succession along the tool axis in a non-overlapping manner.
In an embodiment, the annular sealing element may be arranged between the pipe expansion element and the expandable pipe.
Also, the downhole setting tool as described above may further comprise a second expansion element having an inclining outer face on which the annular sealing element slides for providing the annular sealing element with an inner diameter which is larger than the unexpanded outer diameter of the expandable pipe.
The second expansion element may be hollow and may extend around the shaft.
Moreover, the downhole setting tool as described above may further comprise a pushing element, wherein the annular sealing element may have a first end and a second end, the pushing element being arranged at the second end of the annular sealing element, and the second expansion element being arranged at the first end of the annular sealing element.
Said pushing element may be the expandable pipe element.
In addition, the downhole setting tool as described above may further comprise a hydraulic cylinder for pulling the shaft into the tool body.
Moreover, the hydraulic cylinder may be a stroking tool, such as the Well Stroker®.
Further, the hydraulic cylinder may comprise a cylinder housing and a piston, and the shaft may comprise the piston or the cylinder housing.
In an embodiment, the tool may comprise two hydraulic cylinders, one for moving the second expansion element and one for moving the shaft.
The above-mentioned pushing means may comprise several arms, and the second expansion element may have fastening means for engaging with the arms of the pushing means.
Also, expandable rings may be arranged at the first end and the second end of the annular sealing element.
Additionally, the downhole setting tool as described above may further comprise an expandable tubular arranged around the shaft between the tool body and the expandable pipe.
The second expansion element may comprise radial cavities in which an engagement means extends for engagement with the pipe expansion element.
Furthermore, the second expansion element may comprise an elongated part extending through the annular sealing element into the pipe expansion element, enabling engagement of the engagement means with the pipe expansion element.
In addition, the downhole setting tool may further comprise a tool housing from which the second expansion element is projectable.
Moreover, the pipe expansion element may comprise several cone segments movable in a radial direction.
In an embodiment, the expandable pipe may be made of metal.
Further, the annular sealing element may have an inclining surface facing the inclining outer face of the second expansion element.
Also, the annular sealing element may be made of an elastomeric material or natural or synthetic rubber.
The present invention also relates to an annular base structure as described above, comprising:
the annular sealing element made of an elastomeric material or natural or synthetic rubber, and
the expandable pipe of metal arranged inside the annular sealing element, pressing the annular sealing element radially outwards when in an expanded position.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a downhole sealing system for sealing off a production zone in an openhole part of a well, comprising:
a first and a second annular base structure set by the downhole setting tool as described above,
a tubular having a first tubular end and a second tubular end and being arranged between the two annular base structures so that the first tubular end overlaps the first annular base structure and the second tubular end overlaps the second annular base structure, and
two packers arranged between the annular base structure and the tubular.
Finally, the present invention relates to a method of expanding an annular base structure in an openhole part of a well, comprising the steps of:
inserting a downhole tool as described above into the openhole part of a well,
moving the second expansion element for expanding and sliding the annular sealing element on the outside of the expandable pipe,
expanding the expandable pipe and the annular sealing element by means of the pipe expansion element, and
retracting the tool from the expandable pipe.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention and its many advantages will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, which for the purpose of illustration show some non-limiting embodiments and in which

FIG. 1 shows a production zone sealed off by two base structures and a tubular arranged therebetween,

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a downhole setting tool according to the invention in its initial position,

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the downhole setting tool of FIG. 2 in which the annular sealing element has been partly pushed on the outside of the expandable pipe,

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the downhole setting tool of FIG. 2 in which the pipe expansion element expands the expandable pipe and the annular sealing element,

FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the downhole setting tool of FIG. 2 in which the pipe expansion element has fully expanded the expandable pipe and the annular sealing element,

FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the downhole setting tool in its initial position,

FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the downhole setting tool of FIG. 6 in which the second expansion element engages the shaft to be ready to push the annular sealing element,

FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the downhole setting tool of FIG. 6 in which the annular sealing element has been pushed on the outside of the expandable pipe,

FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the downhole setting tool of FIG. 6 in which the annular sealing element has been compressed, and

FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the downhole setting tool of FIG. 6 in which the pipe expansion element expands the expandable pipe and the annular sealing element.

All the figures are highly schematic and not necessarily to scale, and they show only those parts which are necessary in order to elucidate the invention, other parts being omitted or merely suggested.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a downhole sealing system 100 for sealing off a production zone 30 producing water 61 in an openhole part 3 of a well 4. The downhole sealing system 100 comprises a first and a second annular base structure 2 and a tubular 31 arranged between the two annular base structures so that a first tubular end 53 of the tubular overlaps the first annular base structure and a second tubular end 54 of the tubular overlaps the second annular base structure. The system 100 further comprises two packers 32 arranged between the annular base structure 2 and the tubular 31. The annular base structures 2 press against a wall 3 a of the openhole part of the well and thus provide—together with the packers—an annular barrier on the outside of the tubular 31, said annular barrier sealing off the production zone 30. Each annular base structure 2 comprises an annular sealing element 11 surrounding an expandable pipe 10 pressing the annular sealing element towards the wall 3 a of the openhole part 3 of the well 4.
The annular base structure is set by a downhole setting tool 1, as shown in FIGS. 2-10. The downhole setting tool 1 comprises a tool body 5 having a tool axis 6 and a shaft 7 connected to the tool body at a second end 9 of the shaft. A first end 8 of the shaft 7 projects from a tool housing 29 through the expandable pipe 10 in its transport position in which the expandable pipe has an unexpanded diameter d_u. In FIG. 1, the expandable pipe 10 has an expanded position in which the expandable pipe has an expanded diameter d_e. As shown in FIGS. 2-10, the shaft 7 extends further through the annular sealing element 11 and into a pipe expansion element 12 arranged at the first end of the shaft 7 for expanding the pipe 10 and the annular sealing element 11. Thus, the expandable pipe 10 and the annular sealing element 11 are arranged in succession along the tool axis 6, hence minimising the outer diameter of the setting tool 1. The setting tool 1 is hereby capable of passing down through the cased part of the well (not shown) to the openhole part 3 of the well 4.
As shown in FIG. 2, the downhole setting tool 1 further comprises a second expansion element 14 having an inclining outer face 15 on which the annular sealing element 11 slides, as shown in FIG. 3, for providing the annular sealing element with an inner diameter d, which is larger than an unexpanded outer diameter d_uof the expandable pipe 10. The annular sealing element 11 has an inclining surface 34 facing the outer face 15 of the expansion element 14, and upon retraction of the shaft 7 into the tool body 5, the first end 8 of the shaft having a wider part 27 presses against the annular sealing element 11 and thereby pushes the annular sealing element to slide on the inclining surface 34 of the second expansion element 14. The second expansion element 14 is hollow, extends around the shaft 7, is positioned partly under the expandable pipe 10 and is fastened to the expandable pipe by a breakable part 35, such as a shear pin. In this way, the annular sealing element 11 is pushed onto an outside 36 of the expandable pipe 10, as shown in FIG. 3. The expandable pipe element 12 is thus a pushing element.
In order to retract the shaft 7, the downhole setting tool 1 further comprises a hydraulic cylinder 19, as shown in FIG. 2. The hydraulic cylinder 19 comprises a cylinder housing 24 and a piston 23 forming part of the second end 9 of the shaft 7. The piston 23 divides the cylinder housing 24 into a first housing part 37 and a second housing part 38, and when pressurised fluid is injected into the first housing part, the piston on the shaft 7 moves and the shaft is retracted into the tool body 5.
When the annular sealing element 11 has been pushed all the way onto the expandable pipe 10, the shaft 7 is further retracted into the tool body 5, as shown in FIG. 4. The pipe expansion element 12 comprises several cone segments 20 which are movable in a radial direction, and at this stage, the cones 20 have moved radially outwards and thus climbed a stepwise, radially increasing surface 28 on the wider part 27. In this way, the outer diameter of the first end 8 of the shaft 7 is increased, and as the shaft is further retracted, the expandable pipe 10 and the annular sealing element 11 are expanded. The breakable part of the second expansion element 14 is broken, and the second expansion element is allowed to move onto the expandable pipe 10 as the wider part 27 of the first end 8 of the shaft 7 moves towards the tool body 5.
As the pipe expansion element 12 is moved even further towards the tool body 5, the expandable pipe 10 is fully expanded, as shown in FIG. 5, and the second expansion element is also pushed into the tool housing 29. In order to be able to fully expand the expandable pipe 10, the downhole setting tool 1 further comprises an expandable tubular in the form of a slotted liner 25 arranged around the shaft 7 between the tool body 5 and the expandable pipe 10. As the pipe expansion element 12 moves further towards the tool body 5, the slotted liner 25 is expanded by the pipe expansion element 12, thereby making the pipe expansion element 12 capable of passing under the slotted liner 25. In this way, the tool is capable of fully expanding the expandable pipe 10 and the annular sealing element 11 to press against the wall of the openhole part 3 of the well, as shown in FIG. 1, even though the openhole part of the well has a greater diameter than the cased part of the well because the annular sealing element 11 is pushed on the outside of the expandable pipe 10 and the pipe keeps the annular sealing element 11 pressed towards the wall of the openhole part 3 of the well.
In FIG. 7, the second expansion element 14 comprises an elongated part 50 arranged inside the tool housing. The second expansion element 14 is slidably arranged around the shaft 7 inside the expandable pipe 10. The shaft 7 extends from its second end in the hydraulic cylinder inside the tool housing 29 through the second expansion element 14 and the expandable pipe 10. The shaft 7 extends further through the annular sealing element 11 and through a separate pushing means 18 in order to, at its first end, penetrate a first and a second pipe expansion element 12, as shown in FIG. 6. In this embodiment, the expansion element 12 thus comprises two expansion sections. The first and second pipe expansion elements 12 comprise several cone segments 20 which are movable in a radial direction. When the cone segments 20 move radially outwards in the first pipe expansion element 12, a gap is created between two adjacent cone segments, and by arranging the second expansion element 14 behind and angularly displaced in relation to the first expansion element, the gaps from the first expansion element are covered by the cone segments of the second expansion element.
As shown in FIG. 10, the second expansion element 14 is projectable from the tool housing for extending through the annular sealing element 11 into the pipe expansion element 12, enabling engagement of engagement means 44 with cavities 41 in the pipe expansion element 12. When the engagement means 44 are arranged opposite the cavities 41, the engagement means 44 are forced outwards by springs (not shown) and to enter the cavities 41.
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the annular sealing element 11 has a first end 16 and a second end 17, and the pushing element 18 is arranged at the second end 17 of the annular sealing element 11 and the second expansion element 14 is arranged at the first end of the annular sealing element. Expandable rings 21 are arranged at the first and the second end of the annular sealing element 11 so that the pushing element 18 presses on one of the expandable rings 21 arranged therebetween.
In FIG. 7, the second expansion element 14 has moved through the annular sealing element 11, expanding the expandable rings 21 and an inner diameter d, of the annular sealing element 11. The second expansion element 14 comprises radial cavities in which engagement means 45 are pressed outwards by means of a spring 46 engaging cavities 42 in the pushing element 18. The pushing element 18 comprises several arms 52 which are forced radially outwards due to the inclining outer face 15 of the second expansion element 14 as the second expansion element 14 projects through the annular sealing element 11. The arms 52 of the pushing element 18 are held together by a flexible ring penetrating an opening in the arms. The flexible ring is made of a spring material and will therefore attempt to force the arms radially inwards.
When the second expansion element 14 has engaged the arms of the pushing element 18, the second expansion element 14 is retracted, pushing the annular sealing element 11 and the expandable rings 21 onto the expandable pipe 10 on the outside of the expandable pipe 10, as shown in FIG. 8. When the expandable ring 21 reaches a stop 47 arranged on the outside of the expandable pipe 10, the retraction of the second expansion element 14 is continued for compressing the annular sealing element 11, as shown in FIG. 9. In this way, the expandable pipe 10 is pressed into a cavity of the arms 52, releasing the fastening means 45, and the arms slide down the inclining outer face 15 of the second expansion element 14 as the shaft 7 and the second expansion element 14 are retracted even further, as shown in FIG. 10.
In FIG. 10, the first and second pipe expansion elements 12 have been pulled partly through the expandable pipe 10, and thus, the pipe 10 and the annular sealing element 11 have been expanded. The expansion process of the expandable pipe 10 is continued until the pipe has been fully expanded and the expandable pipe and the annular sealing element 11 have been set in such a way that the annular sealing element 11 presses against the wall 3 a of the openhole part 3 of the well 4.
The downhole setting tool 1 of FIGS. 6-10 comprises a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder. The first hydraulic cylinder moves the second expansion element 14 between its projected and retracted positions, and the second hydraulic cylinder moves the shaft 7.
In order to keep the annular sealing element 11 in its expanded position pressing against the wall of the openhole part of the well, the expandable pipe 10 is made of metal. The annular sealing element 11 is made of a flexible material such as an elastomeric material or natural or synthetic rubber in order that it can conform to the dented shape of the wall of the openhole part of the well.
The setting tool 1 is thus capable of providing the openhole part of the well with annular base structures comprising the annular sealing element 11 made of an elastomeric material or natural or synthetic rubber, and the expandable pipe 10 made of metal arranged inside the annular sealing element 11, pressing the annular sealing element radially outwards when in an expanded position. Due to the arrangement of the expandable pipe 10 and the annular sealing element 11 in succession along the tool axis, the tool 1 can be designed with an outer diameter which is small enough for the tool to pass the cased part of the well. Furthermore, by arranging the annular sealing element 11 opposite the expandable pipe 10 and subsequently expanding the pipe, the outer diameter of the base structure is increased so that the sealing element 11 is capable of reaching the wall of the openhole part of the well and pressing against it.
The hydraulic cylinder may be a stroking tool, such as the Well Stroker®. The stroking tool is a tool providing an axial force. The stroking tool comprises an electrical motor for driving a pump. The pump pumps fluid into a piston housing to move a piston acting therein. The piston is arranged on the stroker shaft which is the aforementioned shaft. The pump may pump fluid into the piston housing on one side and simultaneously suck fluid out on the other side of the piston.
By fluid or well fluid is meant any kind of fluid that may be present in oil or gas wells downhole, such as natural gas, oil, oil mud, crude oil, water, etc. By gas is meant any kind of gas composition present in a well, completion, or openhole, and by oil is meant any kind of oil composition, such as crude oil, an oil-containing fluid, etc. Gas, oil, and water fluids may thus all comprise other elements or substances than gas, oil, and/or water, respectively.
By a casing is meant any kind of pipe, tubing, tubular, liner, string etc. used downhole in relation to oil or natural gas production.
In the event that the tool is not submergible all the way into the casing, a downhole tractor can be used to push the tool all the way into position in the well. The downhole tractor may have projectable arms having wheels, wherein the wheels contact the inner surface of the casing for propelling the tractor and the tool forward in the casing. A downhole tractor is any kind of driving tool capable of pushing or pulling tools in a well downhole, such as a Well Tractor®.
Although the invention has been described in the above in connection with preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be evident for a person skilled in the art that several modifications are conceivable without departing from the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A downhole setting tool for setting an annular base structure in an openhole part of a well comprising:

a tool body having a tool axis,

a shaft having a first end and a second end, connected to the tool body at the second end,

an expandable pipe having a transport position in which the expandable pipe has an unexpanded diameter (d_u), and an expanded position in which the expandable pipe has an expanded diameter (d_e),

an annular sealing element, and

a pipe expansion element arranged at the first end of the shaft for expanding at least the pipe,

wherein the expandable pipe and the annular sealing element are arranged in succession along the tool axis in a non-overlapping manner.

2. A downhole setting tool according to claim 1, wherein the annular sealing element is arranged between the pipe expansion element and the expandable pipe.

3. A downhole setting tool according to claim 1, further comprising a second expansion element having an inclining outer face on which the annular sealing element slides for providing the annular sealing element with an inner diameter (d_i) which is larger than the unexpanded outer diameter of the expandable pipe.

4. A downhole setting tool according to claim 3, wherein the second expansion element is hollow and extends around the shaft.

5. A downhole setting tool according to claim 1, further comprising a pushing element wherein the annular sealing element has a first end and a second end, the pushing element being arranged at the second end of the annular sealing element, and the second expansion element being arranged at the first end of the annular sealing element.

6. A downhole setting tool according to claim 5, wherein the pushing element is the expandable pipe element.

7. A downhole setting tool, further comprising a hydraulic cylinder for pulling the shaft into the tool body.

8. A downhole setting tool according to claim 7, wherein the hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder housing and a piston, and the shaft comprises the piston or the cylinder housing.

9. A downhole setting tool according to claim 1, wherein expandable rings are arranged at the first end and the second end of the annular sealing element.

10. A downhole setting tool according to claim 1, further comprising an expandable tubular arranged around the shaft between the tool body and the expandable pipe.

11. A downhole setting tool according to claim 1, wherein the pipe expansion element comprises several cone segments movable in a radial direction.

12. A downhole setting tool according to claim 1, wherein the annular sealing element has an inclining surface facing the inclining outer face of the second expansion element.

13. An annular base structure according to claim 1, comprising:

the annular sealing element made of an elastomeric material or natural or synthetic rubber, and

the expandable pipe of metal arranged inside the annular sealing element, pressing the annular sealing element radially outwards when in an expanded position.

14. A downhole sealing system for sealing off a production zone in an openhole part of a well, comprising:

a first and a second annular base structure set by the downhole setting tool according to claim 1,

a tubular having a first tubular end and a second tubular end and being arranged between the two annular base structures so that the first tubular end overlaps the first annular base structure and the second tubular end overlaps the second annular base structure, and

two packers arranged between the annular base structure and the tubular.

15. A method of expanding an annular base structure in an openhole part of a well, comprising the steps of:

inserting a downhole tool according to claim 1 into the openhole part of a well,

moving the second expansion element for expanding and sliding the annular sealing element on an outside of the expandable pipe,

expanding the expandable pipe and the annular sealing element by means of the pipe expansion element, and

retracting the tool from the expandable pipe.