US20150273597A1 - Drilling tool and device for drilling with cryogenic cooling and method for drilling a stack of heterogeneous materials - Google Patents
Drilling tool and device for drilling with cryogenic cooling and method for drilling a stack of heterogeneous materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150273597A1 US20150273597A1 US14/430,164 US201314430164A US2015273597A1 US 20150273597 A1 US20150273597 A1 US 20150273597A1 US 201314430164 A US201314430164 A US 201314430164A US 2015273597 A1 US2015273597 A1 US 2015273597A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- drill bit
- liquid nitrogen
- drilling
- cutting edge
- stack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 Invar® Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/04—Drills for trepanning
- B23B51/0486—Drills for trepanning with lubricating or cooling equipment
- B23B51/0493—Drills for trepanning with lubricating or cooling equipment with exchangeable cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B35/00—Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1015—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work by supplying a cutting liquid through the spindle
- B23Q11/1023—Tool holders, or tools in general specially adapted for receiving the cutting liquid from the spindle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
- B23Q11/1053—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using the cutting liquid at specially selected temperatures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
- B23Q11/1061—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using cutting liquids with specially selected composition or state of aggregation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
- B23B2222/88—Titanium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
- B23B2226/27—Composites
- B23B2226/275—Carbon fibre reinforced carbon composites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
- B23B2226/31—Diamond
- B23B2226/315—Diamond polycrystalline [PCD]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/36—Multi-layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during turning, boring or drilling
- B23B2250/12—Cooling and lubrication
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/03—Processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/44—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product
- Y10T408/45—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product including Tool with duct
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of tools and devices intended for drilling materials.
- the invention relates to a drill bit and a drilling device for drilling into stacks of metal materials and composite materials such as those produced during the assembly of aircraft structures.
- titanium alloys the thermal conductivity of which is low, around ten times lower than that of an aluminum, are generally drilled using tools having substrates made of tungsten carbide (WC) with cobalt binder that withstand temperatures that may reach 1000° C. during the drilling using an oily lubricant. These high temperatures are the cause of accelerated wear of the drill bits used for the drilling.
- WC tungsten carbide
- composite materials which have high abrasive characteristics, in particular in the case of carbon fibers, which damage the drilling tool by abrasion, are generally dry drilled with tools made of tungsten carbide with diamond or diamond-coated inserts, preferably polycrystalline diamond (PCD) inserts.
- PCD polycrystalline diamond
- the one-step drilling of a stack of these various materials is in general carried out with a tool suitable for drilling titanium while increasing as much as necessary the amount of lubricant in order to limit the increase in temperature.
- the drilling of the part of the stack made of composite material is then penalized by an accelerated wear of the drilling tool via abrasion.
- the invention provides a solution to these various problems by means of a drill bit, equipped for drilling a stack comprising at least one layer of a metal material, for example a titanium-based alloy, and at least one layer of a composite material comprising fibers held in a hardened matrix, for example carbon fibers in a cured organic resin matrix.
- a drill bit equipped for drilling a stack comprising at least one layer of a metal material, for example a titanium-based alloy, and at least one layer of a composite material comprising fibers held in a hardened matrix, for example carbon fibers in a cured organic resin matrix.
- the drill bit comprises one liquid nitrogen flow channel, at least, inside the drill bit, that passes through a body of the drill bit along an axis which for example corresponds substantially to a rotational axis of the drill bit during a drilling operation, the channel opening for example near a tail end via which the drill bit is intended to be held on a rotary driving machine, the channel comprising near at least one cutting edge of the drill bit, which edge is located at an end opposite the tail end along a length of the drill bit, at least one liquid nitrogen ejection duct opening close to the at least one cutting edge, the at least one cutting edge being formed by an insert made with polycrystalline diamond and attached to the body of the drill bit.
- the polycrystalline diamond tipped drill bit thus formed makes it possible, by being combined with means for distributing cryogenic liquid nitrogen into the channel, to drill metal materials releasing a large amount of thermal energy that is difficult to remove without causing excessive heating of the tool that is capable of very rapidly damaging the tool.
- the drill bit comprises a plurality of cutting edges and each cutting edge comprises at least one liquid nitrogen ejection duct that opens close to the cutting edge in question so that the liquid nitrogen is concentrated toward the corresponding cutting edge during a drilling operation.
- each cutting edge comprises at least one liquid nitrogen ejection duct that opens on a cutting face of this cutting edge and at least one liquid nitrogen ejection duct that opens on a wear face of this cutting edge which makes it possible both to increase the flow rate of liquid nitrogen cooling the edge in question and also to spread the liquid nitrogen that provides the cooling of this cutting edge over the two faces of the insert forming the cutting edge.
- the liquid nitrogen flow channel is for example axial which makes it possible, via a straight channel having a diameter that is as wide as possible, to reduce the pressure drops and to facilitate the circulation of the liquid nitrogen.
- the channel of the drill bit is insulated internally by a layer of a thermally insulating material over at least one portion of a length of the channel.
- the channel of the drill bit comprises an enlarged cross section that forms a reservoir in a region of the body located near the cutting edge(s).
- a reservoir of liquid nitrogen is formed that provides an increased cooling mass close to the heating region and a buffer volume of liquid nitrogen in the event of failure in the supply of liquid nitrogen or in the event of premature cut-off of the liquid nitrogen at the end of the drilling of a metal material.
- the liquid nitrogen flow channel that passes through the body and the liquid nitrogen ejection ducts are sized so as to provide a flow rate of liquid nitrogen, substantially at the temperature of 77 kelvin, sufficient for keeping the cutting edge(s) at a temperature below a temperature for converting the polycrystalline diamond of the insert(s) into graphite when the drill bit is used for drilling into a titanium-based alloy according to the intended cutting conditions so that the one-step drilling of a stack comprising a titanium-based alloy is industrially possible.
- a drilling device for drilling a stack comprising at least one layer of a metal material and at least one layer of a composite material comprising fibers held in a hardened matrix, comprises a drill bit as claimed in one of the preceding claims, a liquid nitrogen production unit and a system for distributing liquid nitrogen from said production unit to the drill bit so that the device ensures the cooling of the drill bit when drilling is in progress.
- the invention also relates to a drilling method, suitable for drilling a stack comprising at least one layer of a metal material, for example a titanium-based alloy, and at least one layer of a composite material comprising fibers held in a hardened matrix, for example carbon fibers in a cured organic resin matrix, in which drilling is carried out in one pass of a drill bit comprising at least one cutting edge, formed by an insert made with polycrystalline diamond and attached to a body of the drill bit, and in which liquid nitrogen at cryogenic temperature is transported close to the cutting edge by a channel of the drill bit, opening via at least one ejection duct close to the cutting edge, when the cutting edge formed by the insert made with polycrystalline diamond is in contact with the metal material during the drilling of the stack.
- a drilling method suitable for drilling a stack comprising at least one layer of a metal material, for example a titanium-based alloy, and at least one layer of a composite material comprising fibers held in a hardened matrix, for example carbon fibers in a cured organic resin matrix, in
- the liquid nitrogen is sent close to the cutting edge simultaneously on a cutting face of the cutting edge and on a wear face of the cutting edge, and this being the case for each cutting edge.
- the liquid nitrogen is sent into the channel as a function of a measured or estimated position of the drill bit with respect to the stack when the position determines that the drilling of the metal material is in progress or likely, it being possible for such a condition to be obtained from a knowledge of the characteristics of the drilled stack and for measuring or estimating the position of the end of the drill bit with respect to a frame of reference of the stack in the course of drilling.
- the liquid nitrogen is transported with a flow rate sufficient for keeping the temperature of the drill bit below a temperature for converting the diamond into graphite when said drill bit drills a titanium-based metal alloy.
- FIG. 1 a drilling device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 along a longitudinal cross section, an example of a drill bit used in the drilling device of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 the steps of a method for drilling a stack using the drilling device of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 an example of fitting a drilling device to a portable drilling unit in position on a drilling grid.
- the device 100 represented in FIG. 1 comprises a drill bit 101 , a unit 102 for producing low-temperature nitrogen in the liquid state and a system 103 for distributing liquid nitrogen from the production unit 102 to the drill bit 101 .
- the production unit 102 consists of any means that can produce liquid nitrogen substantially at ambient pressure, that is to say cryogenic nitrogen at a temperature of the order of 77 kelvin, with the flow rate desired as a function of the operating conditions of the drill bit 101 .
- the production unit 102 consists of a reinforced thermally insulated tank of cryostat type containing a stock of liquid nitrogen.
- the production unit consists of an apparatus for producing liquid nitrogen by condensation of atmospheric nitrogen, for example using a Stirling cycle machine.
- the distribution system 103 consists of any means capable of conveying the liquid nitrogen from the production unit 102 to the drill bit 101 and of controlling the flow rate thereof.
- the distribution system 103 comprises at least one liquid nitrogen delivery duct, a portion of said duct being advantageously incorporated into a rotary driving machine, not represented in FIG. 1 , which rotates the drill bit 101 .
- Such a rotary driving machine is for example a fixed drilling machine, to which parts forming a stack that has to be drilled are clamped, or a portable drilling unit used at the assembling stations of large structural assemblies, a station for joining an aircraft wing to the fuselage for example.
- stack will be used here generically to denote a region of a structure comprising two or more parts comprising different materials, and/or two or more different materials, including at least one metal material and at least one composite material, in the path of a drilling operation to be carried out.
- the drill bit 101 comprises a body 10 of overall cylindrical shape having an axis 11 corresponding to a longitudinal axis of the drill bit about which said drill bit is rotated during drilling operations.
- a first end of the body 10 forms a tail end 12 via which the drill bit is attached to a rotary driving machine, where appropriate by means of a mounting cone not represented, and a second end of the body, opposite on the body 10 to the first end, comprises one or more cutting edges 13 as illustrated in the detail a) of FIG. 1 of a drill bit with two cutting edges.
- a channel 20 inside the body 10 passes through said body along a substantially axial length and opens, on the one hand, in a region of the tail end 12 at at least one liquid nitrogen inlet opening 21 and on the other hand, close to the cutting edge(s) 13 at the nitrogen ejection ducts 22 .
- each cutting edge 13 is associated with at least one ejection duct opening onto a cutting face 131 of said cutting edge and with at least one ejection duct opening onto a wear face 132 of said cutting edge, detail a) of FIG. 1 .
- Diamond inserts 30 in practice inserts made with industrially produced polycrystalline diamond (PCD), are attached to the body 10 so as to form the cutting edges 13 .
- PCD polycrystalline diamond
- liquid nitrogen inlet opening 21 is arranged on one face of the first end of the drill bit 10 substantially centered on the axis 11 .
- the channel 20 has an enlarged cross section over one portion at least of a length of said channel so as to form a reservoir 23 .
- the channel 20 comprises a thermally insulating coating 24 , for example a sheath made of an alloy having a high content of chromium and nickel, such as Invar®, or a non-metallic material, for example cork or a polymer material such as polytetrafluorocarbon, so that the material constituting the body 10 is not in direct contact with the liquid nitrogen passing through said channel and limits thermal exchanges at the body 10 .
- the thermally insulating coating 24 only affects a portion of the channel 20 from the inlet opening 21 to an uninsulated region 25 , it being possible for said region for example to correspond to the reservoir 23 when the drill bit is provided with such a reservoir.
- a transverse cross section of the channel 20 is in practice as big as possible, without however weakening the mechanical strength of the drill bit 101 to a point that could result in rupture of said drill bit under forces expected during a drilling operation, in order to favor a high flow rate of liquid nitrogen passing through the body 10 in order to keep the temperature at the cutting edges at an acceptable value for the drill bit.
- the transverse cross section of the channel 20 in the same way as a cross section of the reservoir 25 , limited by the depth of the flutes of the drill bit, is for example determined by drill bit mechanical strength calculations.
- the device 100 is mounted 510 on a drilling unit 40 , for example an independent drilling unit as represented in FIG. 4 , that can be transported to an assembling station and moved to various locations where drilling must be carried out through a stack 41 of parts 411 , 412 comprising metal materials, in particular based on titanium such as an alloy Ti6A14V, and composite materials with mineral fibers, in particular carbon fibers.
- the drill bit 101 is attached to a head for rotating and advancing the drilling unit suitable for enabling a flow of liquid nitrogen to the inlet opening 21 of the drill bit and the drilling unit 40 is connected to the distribution system 103 for example by means of a flexible connector 104 in order to deliver the liquid nitrogen.
- the device 100 and the drilling unit 40 form a cryogenic drilling unit comprising a source of liquid nitrogen 102 at a pressure close to ambient pressure, means for rotating, where appropriate for advancing the drilling, a drill bit in accordance with the drill bit 101 described above, and the liquid nitrogen distribution system 103 transporting liquid nitrogen from the tank to the drill bit, passing through a head of the drilling unit via which the drill bit is attached to said drilling unit.
- a second step 520 the drilling unit 40 and the stack 41 through which drilling must be carried out, are clamped in the desired relative position, for example by means of a drilling grid 42 .
- a third step 530 the drilling is initiated, that is to say that the drill bit 101 is rotated and that an advance, that is to say an axial displacement movement in the direction of the assembly to be drilled, is started.
- liquid nitrogen at cryogenic temperature is sent 531 into the channel 20 from the production unit 102 via the distribution system 103 at least into the positions of the drill bit 101 , the advance of which corresponds to drilling into a metal.
- the knowledge of the assembly to be drilled makes it possible to determine for which penetration depths of the drill bit the cutting edges of the second end of the drill bit are in contact with a metal material.
- the position of the drill bit along the direction of advance corresponding to the penetration depth is for example obtained by a signal from a sensor used to activate a valve 105 of the distribution system 103 .
- the flow of nitrogen transported to the cutting edges 13 is determined in order to maintain a temperature of the drill bit 101 at said cutting edges of below 800° C. when the material drilled is a titanium alloy, the case considered here to be the most constraining, in practice below a temperature for which the diamond of the drill bit could be converted into graphite.
- care will be taken to take into account all the uncertainties of measurement by the sensor(s) and the deviation of the thicknesses of the various materials of the stack to be drilled so that the liquid nitrogen arrives from the start of the drilling of a metal material, preferably at least a short time before the start of the drilling of the metal material, and continues to the end of this drilling, preferably at least a short time after this end of drilling, in order to prevent heating of the drill bit.
- liquid nitrogen is sent throughout the drilling operation of the stack from the start of the advance to the withdrawal of the drill bit, or at least up to a step 540 in which the advance movement is reversed in order to free the drill bit from the drilling made.
- the drilling unit is stopped and is separated 550 from the drilled assembly.
- step 510 is not necessarily carried out when the drilling unit 40 is simply moved, for example to another position of the same drilling grid 42 , without having been separated from the device 100 .
- PCD polycrystalline diamond
- Such a polycrystalline diamond tipped drill bit is very suitable for drilling highly abrasive composite materials, such as carbon fiber composite materials, and consequently the drilling of the stack of various metal and composite materials is carried out in a single pass with the same drill bit.
- the service life of the drill bit is also increased by a factor of three on average.
- the use of a cooling of the drill bit with liquid nitrogen transported as close as possible to the cutting edges, that is to say as close as possible to the creation of thermal energy during the drilling, proves to be much more effective than with known oily lubricants.
- the service life of the drill bits 101 of the invention are in particular increased by an estimated factor of three under industrial drilling conditions compared to drill bits having a tungsten carbide substrate that are used with oily lubricants for drilling such stacks.
- the liquid nitrogen used is an inert substance which presents no problems with respect to the environment, which is not the case for oily lubricants.
- the cost of the liquid nitrogen is also much lower than that of the oily lubricants, especially since for the latter is necessary to take into account the costs linked to the reprocessing of the lubricants that have been used.
- Liquid nitrogen besides its chemical inertness, is vaporized almost instantaneously during a drilling operation and the result of this is increased safety for the operators.
- the reservoir is filled with liquid nitrogen as soon as the liquid nitrogen is sent into the channel 20 and, by remaining supplied with nitrogen, guarantees that the end of the drill bit will be kept at a low temperature by serving as a heat sink.
- a partial vaporization of the liquid nitrogen will have the effect, on the one hand, of absorbing more thermal energy and of promoting the flow of low-temperature nitrogen through the ejection ducts 22 .
- the reservoir 23 also acts as a buffer in the event of a momentary interruption in the supply of liquid nitrogen and delays a rise in temperature to a damaging level for the drill bit.
- the channel 20 comprises a thermally insulating coating
- a risk of premature vaporization of the nitrogen in the channel and also a risk of external condensation and/or icing of the body 10 are reduced and, by limiting the thermal losses, the cooling is better concentrated in the region of the cutting edges 13 .
- Another advantage of the device 100 is its safety with respect to the drilled stack.
- the cost of the parts forming the stack is generally, at the stage of the final assembly thereof, very high, in any case disproportionate with respect to the cost of a drill bit, and damaging the parts at this stage may have significant economic consequences both with respect to the parts themselves and implications regarding the production cycle of the products manufactured.
- the drill bit is suitable for dry drilling without the need for cooling in the composite material but requires significant cooling in the metal material.
- a loss of the liquid nitrogen cooling function for example by running out of the liquid nitrogen or by a breakdown of the distribution system 103 , during the drilling of the metal material will result only in the destruction of the tool, which is not suitable in the absence of cooling, without damaging the metal part.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention belongs to the field of tools and devices intended for drilling materials.
- In particular, the invention relates to a drill bit and a drilling device for drilling into stacks of metal materials and composite materials such as those produced during the assembly of aircraft structures.
- The production of structures having high mechanical performances and weights that are as low as possible leads the designers of the structures to use titanium-based metal alloys and composite materials comprising carbon, glass or aramid fibers held in a hardened organic matrix, in general a polymer resin.
- When these parts must be drilled or reamed in order to produce assemblies, the drilling conditions must be adapted as a function of the material machined.
- Thus, titanium alloys, the thermal conductivity of which is low, around ten times lower than that of an aluminum, are generally drilled using tools having substrates made of tungsten carbide (WC) with cobalt binder that withstand temperatures that may reach 1000° C. during the drilling using an oily lubricant. These high temperatures are the cause of accelerated wear of the drill bits used for the drilling.
- On the other hand, composite materials, which have high abrasive characteristics, in particular in the case of carbon fibers, which damage the drilling tool by abrasion, are generally dry drilled with tools made of tungsten carbide with diamond or diamond-coated inserts, preferably polycrystalline diamond (PCD) inserts.
- Owing to these very different drilling conditions and to the need to use drill bits specific to each of these conditions, the drilling of a stack of parts made of materials of a titanium alloy and of a carbon fiber composite proves difficult.
- In particular, owing to the fact that composite materials, for the most common ones, should not locally exceed a glass transition temperature of the resin, in the case of the most common ones a temperature of the order of 180° C., and that the tools for drilling composite materials are not suitable for drilling titanium alloys due to the temperature reached which would damage the tool, the graphitization of the diamond taking place at around 800° C., the one-step drilling of a stack of these various materials is in general carried out with a tool suitable for drilling titanium while increasing as much as necessary the amount of lubricant in order to limit the increase in temperature.
- The drilling of the part of the stack made of composite material is then penalized by an accelerated wear of the drilling tool via abrasion.
- The invention provides a solution to these various problems by means of a drill bit, equipped for drilling a stack comprising at least one layer of a metal material, for example a titanium-based alloy, and at least one layer of a composite material comprising fibers held in a hardened matrix, for example carbon fibers in a cured organic resin matrix. The drill bit comprises one liquid nitrogen flow channel, at least, inside the drill bit, that passes through a body of the drill bit along an axis which for example corresponds substantially to a rotational axis of the drill bit during a drilling operation, the channel opening for example near a tail end via which the drill bit is intended to be held on a rotary driving machine, the channel comprising near at least one cutting edge of the drill bit, which edge is located at an end opposite the tail end along a length of the drill bit, at least one liquid nitrogen ejection duct opening close to the at least one cutting edge, the at least one cutting edge being formed by an insert made with polycrystalline diamond and attached to the body of the drill bit.
- The polycrystalline diamond tipped drill bit thus formed makes it possible, by being combined with means for distributing cryogenic liquid nitrogen into the channel, to drill metal materials releasing a large amount of thermal energy that is difficult to remove without causing excessive heating of the tool that is capable of very rapidly damaging the tool.
- The customary wear via abrasion of the composites is slowed down by the use of PCDs.
- In one embodiment, the drill bit comprises a plurality of cutting edges and each cutting edge comprises at least one liquid nitrogen ejection duct that opens close to the cutting edge in question so that the liquid nitrogen is concentrated toward the corresponding cutting edge during a drilling operation.
- In one embodiment, each cutting edge comprises at least one liquid nitrogen ejection duct that opens on a cutting face of this cutting edge and at least one liquid nitrogen ejection duct that opens on a wear face of this cutting edge which makes it possible both to increase the flow rate of liquid nitrogen cooling the edge in question and also to spread the liquid nitrogen that provides the cooling of this cutting edge over the two faces of the insert forming the cutting edge.
- The liquid nitrogen flow channel is for example axial which makes it possible, via a straight channel having a diameter that is as wide as possible, to reduce the pressure drops and to facilitate the circulation of the liquid nitrogen.
- In order to improve the effectiveness of the liquid nitrogen cooling by limiting the thermal losses before the liquid nitrogen arrives close to the cutting edge(s), the channel of the drill bit is insulated internally by a layer of a thermally insulating material over at least one portion of a length of the channel.
- In one embodiment, the channel of the drill bit comprises an enlarged cross section that forms a reservoir in a region of the body located near the cutting edge(s). Thus, during operation of the device a reservoir of liquid nitrogen is formed that provides an increased cooling mass close to the heating region and a buffer volume of liquid nitrogen in the event of failure in the supply of liquid nitrogen or in the event of premature cut-off of the liquid nitrogen at the end of the drilling of a metal material.
- Advantageously, the liquid nitrogen flow channel that passes through the body and the liquid nitrogen ejection ducts are sized so as to provide a flow rate of liquid nitrogen, substantially at the temperature of 77 kelvin, sufficient for keeping the cutting edge(s) at a temperature below a temperature for converting the polycrystalline diamond of the insert(s) into graphite when the drill bit is used for drilling into a titanium-based alloy according to the intended cutting conditions so that the one-step drilling of a stack comprising a titanium-based alloy is industrially possible.
- A drilling device, for drilling a stack comprising at least one layer of a metal material and at least one layer of a composite material comprising fibers held in a hardened matrix, comprises a drill bit as claimed in one of the preceding claims, a liquid nitrogen production unit and a system for distributing liquid nitrogen from said production unit to the drill bit so that the device ensures the cooling of the drill bit when drilling is in progress.
- The invention also relates to a drilling method, suitable for drilling a stack comprising at least one layer of a metal material, for example a titanium-based alloy, and at least one layer of a composite material comprising fibers held in a hardened matrix, for example carbon fibers in a cured organic resin matrix, in which drilling is carried out in one pass of a drill bit comprising at least one cutting edge, formed by an insert made with polycrystalline diamond and attached to a body of the drill bit, and in which liquid nitrogen at cryogenic temperature is transported close to the cutting edge by a channel of the drill bit, opening via at least one ejection duct close to the cutting edge, when the cutting edge formed by the insert made with polycrystalline diamond is in contact with the metal material during the drilling of the stack.
- The drilling of the stack comprising metal materials with a tool suitable for drilling composite materials is thus made possible by the method.
- In order to ensure sufficient cooling of the cutting edges and to enable relatively rapid drilling of metal materials, the liquid nitrogen is sent close to the cutting edge simultaneously on a cutting face of the cutting edge and on a wear face of the cutting edge, and this being the case for each cutting edge.
- In order to limit the liquid nitrogen consumption of a drilling operation if necessary, the liquid nitrogen is sent into the channel as a function of a measured or estimated position of the drill bit with respect to the stack when the position determines that the drilling of the metal material is in progress or likely, it being possible for such a condition to be obtained from a knowledge of the characteristics of the drilled stack and for measuring or estimating the position of the end of the drill bit with respect to a frame of reference of the stack in the course of drilling.
- In order to ensure a satisfactory service life of the drill bit used for drilling into metals having poor heat conduction, the liquid nitrogen is transported with a flow rate sufficient for keeping the temperature of the drill bit below a temperature for converting the diamond into graphite when said drill bit drills a titanium-based metal alloy.
- The present invention is described with reference to the figures which, nonlimitingly, schematically represent:
-
FIG. 1 : a drilling device according to the invention; -
FIG. 2 : along a longitudinal cross section, an example of a drill bit used in the drilling device ofFIG. 1 -
FIG. 3 : the steps of a method for drilling a stack using the drilling device ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 : an example of fitting a drilling device to a portable drilling unit in position on a drilling grid. - The figures are not to scale, both among the figures and among the parts of one and the same figure, in order to facilitate the understanding thereof and similar parts of different figures bear identical references.
- The
device 100 represented inFIG. 1 comprises adrill bit 101, aunit 102 for producing low-temperature nitrogen in the liquid state and asystem 103 for distributing liquid nitrogen from theproduction unit 102 to thedrill bit 101. - The
production unit 102 consists of any means that can produce liquid nitrogen substantially at ambient pressure, that is to say cryogenic nitrogen at a temperature of the order of 77 kelvin, with the flow rate desired as a function of the operating conditions of thedrill bit 101. In a simple embodiment, theproduction unit 102 consists of a reinforced thermally insulated tank of cryostat type containing a stock of liquid nitrogen. In another embodiment, the production unit consists of an apparatus for producing liquid nitrogen by condensation of atmospheric nitrogen, for example using a Stirling cycle machine. - The
distribution system 103 consists of any means capable of conveying the liquid nitrogen from theproduction unit 102 to thedrill bit 101 and of controlling the flow rate thereof. - In particular, the
distribution system 103 comprises at least one liquid nitrogen delivery duct, a portion of said duct being advantageously incorporated into a rotary driving machine, not represented inFIG. 1 , which rotates thedrill bit 101. - Such a rotary driving machine is for example a fixed drilling machine, to which parts forming a stack that has to be drilled are clamped, or a portable drilling unit used at the assembling stations of large structural assemblies, a station for joining an aircraft wing to the fuselage for example.
- The term “stack” will be used here generically to denote a region of a structure comprising two or more parts comprising different materials, and/or two or more different materials, including at least one metal material and at least one composite material, in the path of a drilling operation to be carried out.
- The
drill bit 101 comprises abody 10 of overall cylindrical shape having an axis 11 corresponding to a longitudinal axis of the drill bit about which said drill bit is rotated during drilling operations. - A first end of the
body 10 forms atail end 12 via which the drill bit is attached to a rotary driving machine, where appropriate by means of a mounting cone not represented, and a second end of the body, opposite on thebody 10 to the first end, comprises one ormore cutting edges 13 as illustrated in the detail a) ofFIG. 1 of a drill bit with two cutting edges. - As illustrated in
FIG. 2 , schematically representing the drill bit in axial cross section, achannel 20 inside thebody 10 passes through said body along a substantially axial length and opens, on the one hand, in a region of thetail end 12 at at least one liquid nitrogen inlet opening 21 and on the other hand, close to the cutting edge(s) 13 at thenitrogen ejection ducts 22. - In one preferred embodiment, each
cutting edge 13 is associated with at least one ejection duct opening onto acutting face 131 of said cutting edge and with at least one ejection duct opening onto awear face 132 of said cutting edge, detail a) ofFIG. 1 . - Diamond inserts 30, in practice inserts made with industrially produced polycrystalline diamond (PCD), are attached to the
body 10 so as to form thecutting edges 13. - In one embodiment, the liquid nitrogen inlet opening 21 is arranged on one face of the first end of the
drill bit 10 substantially centered on the axis 11. - In one embodiment, the
channel 20 has an enlarged cross section over one portion at least of a length of said channel so as to form areservoir 23. - In one embodiment, the
channel 20 comprises a thermally insulatingcoating 24, for example a sheath made of an alloy having a high content of chromium and nickel, such as Invar®, or a non-metallic material, for example cork or a polymer material such as polytetrafluorocarbon, so that the material constituting thebody 10 is not in direct contact with the liquid nitrogen passing through said channel and limits thermal exchanges at thebody 10. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the thermally insulatingcoating 24 only affects a portion of thechannel 20 from the inlet opening 21 to anuninsulated region 25, it being possible for said region for example to correspond to thereservoir 23 when the drill bit is provided with such a reservoir. - A transverse cross section of the
channel 20 is in practice as big as possible, without however weakening the mechanical strength of thedrill bit 101 to a point that could result in rupture of said drill bit under forces expected during a drilling operation, in order to favor a high flow rate of liquid nitrogen passing through thebody 10 in order to keep the temperature at the cutting edges at an acceptable value for the drill bit. The transverse cross section of thechannel 20, in the same way as a cross section of thereservoir 25, limited by the depth of the flutes of the drill bit, is for example determined by drill bit mechanical strength calculations. - The advantages of the
device 100 which has just been described will be better understood from the description of thedrilling method 500,FIG. 3 , using said device. - In a
first step 510, thedevice 100 is mounted 510 on adrilling unit 40, for example an independent drilling unit as represented inFIG. 4 , that can be transported to an assembling station and moved to various locations where drilling must be carried out through a stack 41 ofparts drill bit 101 is attached to a head for rotating and advancing the drilling unit suitable for enabling a flow of liquid nitrogen to the inlet opening 21 of the drill bit and thedrilling unit 40 is connected to thedistribution system 103 for example by means of aflexible connector 104 in order to deliver the liquid nitrogen. - At the end of this first step, the
device 100 and thedrilling unit 40 form a cryogenic drilling unit comprising a source ofliquid nitrogen 102 at a pressure close to ambient pressure, means for rotating, where appropriate for advancing the drilling, a drill bit in accordance with thedrill bit 101 described above, and the liquidnitrogen distribution system 103 transporting liquid nitrogen from the tank to the drill bit, passing through a head of the drilling unit via which the drill bit is attached to said drilling unit. - In a
second step 520, thedrilling unit 40 and the stack 41 through which drilling must be carried out, are clamped in the desired relative position, for example by means of adrilling grid 42. - In a
third step 530, the drilling is initiated, that is to say that thedrill bit 101 is rotated and that an advance, that is to say an axial displacement movement in the direction of the assembly to be drilled, is started. - During this
third step 530, liquid nitrogen at cryogenic temperature is sent 531 into thechannel 20 from theproduction unit 102 via thedistribution system 103 at least into the positions of thedrill bit 101, the advance of which corresponds to drilling into a metal. - In practice, the knowledge of the assembly to be drilled makes it possible to determine for which penetration depths of the drill bit the cutting edges of the second end of the drill bit are in contact with a metal material.
- The position of the drill bit along the direction of advance corresponding to the penetration depth is for example obtained by a signal from a sensor used to activate a
valve 105 of thedistribution system 103. - The flow of nitrogen transported to the
cutting edges 13 is determined in order to maintain a temperature of thedrill bit 101 at said cutting edges of below 800° C. when the material drilled is a titanium alloy, the case considered here to be the most constraining, in practice below a temperature for which the diamond of the drill bit could be converted into graphite. - In this case, care will be taken to take into account all the uncertainties of measurement by the sensor(s) and the deviation of the thicknesses of the various materials of the stack to be drilled so that the liquid nitrogen arrives from the start of the drilling of a metal material, preferably at least a short time before the start of the drilling of the metal material, and continues to the end of this drilling, preferably at least a short time after this end of drilling, in order to prevent heating of the drill bit.
- In one embodiment, less economic in terms of liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen is sent throughout the drilling operation of the stack from the start of the advance to the withdrawal of the drill bit, or at least up to a
step 540 in which the advance movement is reversed in order to free the drill bit from the drilling made. - When the
drilling operation 500 is finished, the drilling unit is stopped and is separated 550 from the drilled assembly. - Another drilling operation can then be carried out in which the
step 510 is not necessarily carried out when thedrilling unit 40 is simply moved, for example to another position of thesame drilling grid 42, without having been separated from thedevice 100. - Thus, contrary to the accepted principles for drilling metal materials, in particular titanium alloys, it has been made possible to use a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tipped drill bit, the temperature of which during the drilling is kept well below temperatures which would have led to the destruction of the tool.
- Such a polycrystalline diamond tipped drill bit is very suitable for drilling highly abrasive composite materials, such as carbon fiber composite materials, and consequently the drilling of the stack of various metal and composite materials is carried out in a single pass with the same drill bit.
- This possibility results in a significant time saving, estimated at around 40%, over a drilling cycle time.
- Moreover, the service life of the drill bit is also increased by a factor of three on average.
- The use of a cooling of the drill bit with liquid nitrogen transported as close as possible to the cutting edges, that is to say as close as possible to the creation of thermal energy during the drilling, proves to be much more effective than with known oily lubricants. The service life of the
drill bits 101 of the invention are in particular increased by an estimated factor of three under industrial drilling conditions compared to drill bits having a tungsten carbide substrate that are used with oily lubricants for drilling such stacks. - The liquid nitrogen used is an inert substance which presents no problems with respect to the environment, which is not the case for oily lubricants.
- The cost of the liquid nitrogen is also much lower than that of the oily lubricants, especially since for the latter is necessary to take into account the costs linked to the reprocessing of the lubricants that have been used.
- Liquid nitrogen, besides its chemical inertness, is vaporized almost instantaneously during a drilling operation and the result of this is increased safety for the operators.
- In the case of a
drill bit 101 comprising areservoir 23 close to the second end of said drill bit, the reservoir is filled with liquid nitrogen as soon as the liquid nitrogen is sent into thechannel 20 and, by remaining supplied with nitrogen, guarantees that the end of the drill bit will be kept at a low temperature by serving as a heat sink. In the event of a momentary rise in temperature, a partial vaporization of the liquid nitrogen will have the effect, on the one hand, of absorbing more thermal energy and of promoting the flow of low-temperature nitrogen through theejection ducts 22. - The
reservoir 23 also acts as a buffer in the event of a momentary interruption in the supply of liquid nitrogen and delays a rise in temperature to a damaging level for the drill bit. - When the
channel 20 comprises a thermally insulating coating, a risk of premature vaporization of the nitrogen in the channel and also a risk of external condensation and/or icing of thebody 10 are reduced and, by limiting the thermal losses, the cooling is better concentrated in the region of the cutting edges 13. - Another advantage of the
device 100 is its safety with respect to the drilled stack. - Indeed, the cost of the parts forming the stack is generally, at the stage of the final assembly thereof, very high, in any case disproportionate with respect to the cost of a drill bit, and damaging the parts at this stage may have significant economic consequences both with respect to the parts themselves and implications regarding the production cycle of the products manufactured.
- In the case of the
device 100, the drill bit is suitable for dry drilling without the need for cooling in the composite material but requires significant cooling in the metal material. However, a loss of the liquid nitrogen cooling function, for example by running out of the liquid nitrogen or by a breakdown of thedistribution system 103, during the drilling of the metal material will result only in the destruction of the tool, which is not suitable in the absence of cooling, without damaging the metal part. - The parts forming the stack in the process of being drilled are therefore protected in the event of failure of the device, at the expense of a drill bit, the cost of which in general remains much lower than that of the parts worked.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1258901A FR2995808B1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2012-09-21 | DRILLING TOOL AND CRYOGENIC COOLING DRILLING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DRILLING A STACK OF HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS |
FR1258901 | 2012-09-21 | ||
PCT/EP2013/069506 WO2014044769A1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2013-09-19 | Drilling tool and device for drilling with cryogenic cooling and method for drilling a stack of heterogeneous materials |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2013/069506 A-371-Of-International WO2014044769A1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2013-09-19 | Drilling tool and device for drilling with cryogenic cooling and method for drilling a stack of heterogeneous materials |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/348,135 Division US10124416B2 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2016-11-10 | Drilling tool and device for drilling with cryogenic cooling and method for drilling a stack of heterogeneous materials |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20150273597A1 true US20150273597A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
Family
ID=47594906
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/430,164 Abandoned US20150273597A1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2013-09-19 | Drilling tool and device for drilling with cryogenic cooling and method for drilling a stack of heterogeneous materials |
US15/348,135 Active US10124416B2 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2016-11-10 | Drilling tool and device for drilling with cryogenic cooling and method for drilling a stack of heterogeneous materials |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/348,135 Active US10124416B2 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2016-11-10 | Drilling tool and device for drilling with cryogenic cooling and method for drilling a stack of heterogeneous materials |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20150273597A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2897748A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104755207A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2995808B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014044769A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9937567B2 (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2018-04-10 | Kennametal Inc. | Modular drill |
US10040132B2 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2018-08-07 | Kennametal Inc. | Rotary tool, in particular a drill for such a rotary tool |
US10052698B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 | 2018-08-21 | Kennametal Inc. | Modular carrier tool and tool head |
US10058930B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2018-08-28 | Kennametal Inc. | Tool head for rotary cutting tool and rotary cutting tool including same |
US10071430B2 (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2018-09-11 | Kennametal Inc. | Cutting head, rotary tool and support for the rotary tool and for the accommodation of the cutting head |
US10213845B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 | 2019-02-26 | Kennametal Inc. | Rotary tool, in particular a drill, and a cutting head for said rotary tool |
US10537943B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2020-01-21 | Kennametal Inc | Modular rotary tool and modular tool system |
US10799958B2 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2020-10-13 | Kennametal Inc. | Modular rotary cutting tool |
US20200376565A1 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-03 | Qingdao university of technology | Electrocaloric assisted internal cooling texture turning tool and nanofluid minimal quantity lubrication intelligent working system |
US11565356B2 (en) | 2017-07-13 | 2023-01-31 | Kennametal Inc. | Method for producing a cutting head |
US11911830B2 (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2024-02-27 | Kennametal India Ltd. | Indexable drilling inserts |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106475591B (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-02-27 | 西北工业大学 | Fibrous composite and metallic stacked structure low temperature punching device and method |
TWI624326B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-05-21 | Prec Machinery Research&Development Center | Spindle and cooling circuit module |
CN107764628B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2023-06-06 | 中南大学 | Test device and test method for simulating excavation unloading under deep three-dimensional loading condition |
CN107764658B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2023-08-11 | 中南大学 | Test device and method for simulating two-dimensional loading liquid nitrogen cooling roadway excavation unloading |
CN107764657B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2024-01-09 | 中南大学 | Test device and method for simulating two-dimensional loading liquid nitrogen cooling mechanical excavation unloading |
CN108907297A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-30 | 佛山市蓝瑞欧特信息服务有限公司 | A kind of cold and hot drill bit |
Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4648759A (en) * | 1985-08-28 | 1987-03-10 | Waukesha Cutting Tools, Inc. | Automatic coolant inducer arrangement |
JPH11309616A (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-09 | Ebara Corp | Oil mist machining drill |
US6045301A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 2000-04-04 | Kennametal Hertel Ag Werkzeuge +Hartstoffe | Drill with cooling-lubricant channel |
US6116825A (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 2000-09-12 | Kennametal Hertel Ag Werkzeuge + Hartstoffe | Rotating cutting tool with a coolant passage and a method of providing it with coolant |
US6637984B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-10-28 | Masao Murakawa | Heat absorbing throw-away tip and heat absorbing throw-away tool using the throw-away tip |
US6746185B2 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2004-06-08 | University Of Missouri Board Of Curators | Nozzle for lubricating a workpiece |
EP1468768A2 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2004-10-20 | GÜHRING, Jörg, Dr. | High-speed chip removing method |
WO2005025794A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-24 | Seco Tools Ab | Tool for chip removal with a central channel |
US20060123801A1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-15 | Cool Clean Technologies, Inc. | Device for applying cryogenic composition and method of using same |
US7252024B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-08-07 | Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. | Apparatus and method for machining with cryogenically cooled oxide-containing ceramic cutting tools |
US7387477B2 (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2008-06-17 | Shimane University | Controlled atmosphere cutting method using oxygen enrichment and cutting tool |
US20090311055A1 (en) * | 2006-10-09 | 2009-12-17 | Vincenzo Galota | Milling tool and method, in particular for milling composite materials |
JP2010214545A (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-30 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | End mill |
US20100272529A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | Jay Christopher Rozzi | Indirect Cooling of a Rotary Cutting Tool |
US20100272530A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | Jay Christopher Rozzi | Device for Axial Delivery of Cryogenic Fluids Through a Machine Spindle |
US8777529B2 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2014-07-15 | Creare Incorporated | Mechanism for delivering cryogenic coolant to a rotating tool |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3096668A (en) * | 1962-04-25 | 1963-07-09 | Harlan J Maynard | Mist cooled cutting tool |
US4770570A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1988-09-13 | Cbc Industries, Inc. | Gun drill coolant bushing |
US5006021A (en) * | 1988-11-16 | 1991-04-09 | Ltv | High pressure gas drilling |
JPH04201107A (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1992-07-22 | Yoshino Seiki:Kk | Rotary cutting tool |
CN2178590Y (en) * | 1993-08-28 | 1994-10-05 | 张达奇 | Cooling device of CNC lathe drill thrust tool |
US5415500A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1995-05-16 | Rockwell International Corp. | Method of drilling holes in reinforced metal matrix composites |
US5595462A (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1997-01-21 | Western Atlas, Inc. | Machine tool coolant delivery method and apparatus |
DE10140718A1 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-04-03 | Walter Jaeger | Process and tool for machining workpieces with cooling |
DE20211592U1 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-04-01 | Gühring, Jörg, Dr. | Drill bit in particular suitable for sandwich sheets as used in airplane construction, comprising two differently shaped segments |
ITRM20050238A1 (en) * | 2005-05-13 | 2006-11-14 | Natalino Capone | INNOVATIVE DRILLING TECHNOLOGY |
JP4990650B2 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2012-08-01 | 東芝機械株式会社 | Deep hole machining method and apparatus |
US9539652B2 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2017-01-10 | Kennametal Inc. | Rotary cutting tool having PCD cutting tip |
FR2966371B1 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2013-08-16 | Air Liquide | PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR MACHINING WITH CRYOGENIC COOLING |
CN202270995U (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2012-06-13 | 杭州西湖台钻有限公司 | Inner cooling type drilling machine |
-
2012
- 2012-09-21 FR FR1258901A patent/FR2995808B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-09-19 CN CN201380055988.5A patent/CN104755207A/en active Pending
- 2013-09-19 WO PCT/EP2013/069506 patent/WO2014044769A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-09-19 EP EP13765365.5A patent/EP2897748A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-09-19 US US14/430,164 patent/US20150273597A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2016
- 2016-11-10 US US15/348,135 patent/US10124416B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4648759A (en) * | 1985-08-28 | 1987-03-10 | Waukesha Cutting Tools, Inc. | Automatic coolant inducer arrangement |
US6045301A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 2000-04-04 | Kennametal Hertel Ag Werkzeuge +Hartstoffe | Drill with cooling-lubricant channel |
US6116825A (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 2000-09-12 | Kennametal Hertel Ag Werkzeuge + Hartstoffe | Rotating cutting tool with a coolant passage and a method of providing it with coolant |
JPH11309616A (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-09 | Ebara Corp | Oil mist machining drill |
US6637984B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-10-28 | Masao Murakawa | Heat absorbing throw-away tip and heat absorbing throw-away tool using the throw-away tip |
US6746185B2 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2004-06-08 | University Of Missouri Board Of Curators | Nozzle for lubricating a workpiece |
US7252024B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-08-07 | Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. | Apparatus and method for machining with cryogenically cooled oxide-containing ceramic cutting tools |
US7387477B2 (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2008-06-17 | Shimane University | Controlled atmosphere cutting method using oxygen enrichment and cutting tool |
EP1468768A2 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2004-10-20 | GÜHRING, Jörg, Dr. | High-speed chip removing method |
WO2005025794A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-24 | Seco Tools Ab | Tool for chip removal with a central channel |
US20060123801A1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-15 | Cool Clean Technologies, Inc. | Device for applying cryogenic composition and method of using same |
US20090311055A1 (en) * | 2006-10-09 | 2009-12-17 | Vincenzo Galota | Milling tool and method, in particular for milling composite materials |
JP2010214545A (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-30 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | End mill |
US20100272529A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | Jay Christopher Rozzi | Indirect Cooling of a Rotary Cutting Tool |
US20100272530A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | Jay Christopher Rozzi | Device for Axial Delivery of Cryogenic Fluids Through a Machine Spindle |
US8215878B2 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2012-07-10 | Creare Incorporated | Indirect cooling of a rotary cutting tool |
US8777529B2 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2014-07-15 | Creare Incorporated | Mechanism for delivering cryogenic coolant to a rotating tool |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10058930B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2018-08-28 | Kennametal Inc. | Tool head for rotary cutting tool and rotary cutting tool including same |
US10052698B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 | 2018-08-21 | Kennametal Inc. | Modular carrier tool and tool head |
US10213845B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 | 2019-02-26 | Kennametal Inc. | Rotary tool, in particular a drill, and a cutting head for said rotary tool |
US10040132B2 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2018-08-07 | Kennametal Inc. | Rotary tool, in particular a drill for such a rotary tool |
US9937567B2 (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2018-04-10 | Kennametal Inc. | Modular drill |
US10071430B2 (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2018-09-11 | Kennametal Inc. | Cutting head, rotary tool and support for the rotary tool and for the accommodation of the cutting head |
US10537943B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2020-01-21 | Kennametal Inc | Modular rotary tool and modular tool system |
US11565356B2 (en) | 2017-07-13 | 2023-01-31 | Kennametal Inc. | Method for producing a cutting head |
US10799958B2 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2020-10-13 | Kennametal Inc. | Modular rotary cutting tool |
US20200376565A1 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-03 | Qingdao university of technology | Electrocaloric assisted internal cooling texture turning tool and nanofluid minimal quantity lubrication intelligent working system |
US11911830B2 (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2024-02-27 | Kennametal India Ltd. | Indexable drilling inserts |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104755207A (en) | 2015-07-01 |
FR2995808B1 (en) | 2015-05-15 |
US10124416B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 |
EP2897748A1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
WO2014044769A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
FR2995808A1 (en) | 2014-03-28 |
US20170056983A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10124416B2 (en) | Drilling tool and device for drilling with cryogenic cooling and method for drilling a stack of heterogeneous materials | |
Rodríguez et al. | Drilling of CFRP-Ti6Al4V stacks using CO2-cryogenic cooling | |
Shyha et al. | Drilling of titanium/CFRP/aluminium stacks | |
Shyha et al. | Hole quality assessment following drilling of metallic-composite stacks | |
Wang et al. | Drilling temperature and hole quality in drilling of CFRP/aluminum stacks using diamond coated drill | |
CN101730603B (en) | Ejector drill system | |
JP6256865B2 (en) | Cutting auxiliary lubricant and cutting method | |
US7575401B1 (en) | PCD drill for composite materials | |
Kuo et al. | Development of single step drilling technology for multilayer metallic-composite stacks using uncoated and PVD coated carbide tools | |
Xu et al. | On the interpretation of drilling CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks using the orthogonal cutting method: Chip removal mode and subsurface damage formation | |
CN103273651B (en) | The associated methods of metal parts and carbon fibre composite in aviation structural member | |
陈燕 et al. | Review and prospect of drilling technologies for carbon fiber reinforced polymer | |
US20170239740A1 (en) | Thread cutting tap | |
CN105378211A (en) | Vacuum drilling system and methods | |
CN108179398A (en) | A kind of diamond-coated drill and preparation method thereof | |
US8240404B2 (en) | Roof bolt bit | |
Yildiz et al. | Cryogenic machining of composites | |
南成根 et al. | Study on the drilling quality of carbon fiber reinforced plastic and titanium stacks | |
Dahnel et al. | Analysis of tool wear and hole quality during Ultrasonic Assisted Drilling (UAD) of Carbon Fibre Composite (CFC)/titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) stacks | |
Mueller-Hummel | Process understanding of dry drilling CFRP/aluminium and AL/AL stacks in IT8 quality | |
US2870836A (en) | Trepanned core cutoff tool | |
CN108969053A (en) | The embedded rapid cooling orthopaedics fluted drill of one kind and manufacturing method | |
CN104582024B (en) | A kind of sub-sectional cooling is with adding heat pipe and using method thereof | |
Kuo et al. | Performance of multi-margin coated tools in one-shot drilling of metallic-composite stack materials under varying feed rate and pecking conditions | |
Li et al. | The Critical Axial Force Model in Drilling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites under Different Stacking Modes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AIRBUS GROUP SAS, FRANCE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ALIAGA, DANIEL;SCHUSTER, DOMINIQUE;VINHAS, FERNAND;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:035365/0262 Effective date: 20150403 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AIRBUS GROUP SAS, FRANCE Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:EUROPEAN AERONAUTIC DEFENCE AND SPACE COMPANY EADS FRANCE, PARIS, FRANCE;REEL/FRAME:042369/0676 Effective date: 20140702 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AIRBUS SAS, FRANCE Free format text: MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNORS:AIRBUS GROUP SAS;AIRBUS SAS;REEL/FRAME:045857/0407 Effective date: 20170701 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |