US20150271682A1 - Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network - Google Patents
Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150271682A1 US20150271682A1 US14/597,486 US201514597486A US2015271682A1 US 20150271682 A1 US20150271682 A1 US 20150271682A1 US 201514597486 A US201514597486 A US 201514597486A US 2015271682 A1 US2015271682 A1 US 2015271682A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- spectrum
- white space
- peer
- band
- base station
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/42—Arrangements for resource management
- H04H20/423—Transmitter side
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to use of vacant TV band channels and, in particular, to a peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network that operates in vacant TV band channels.
- Vacant TV band channels also known as “TV white space” are ideally suited for unlicensed wireless communications services. Access to vacant TV band channels facilitates a market for low-cost, high-capacity, mobile wireless broadband networks, including emerging in-building networks. Using TV white space, the wireless broadband industry can deliver wireless communications services to households and handholds at an inexpensive rate. However, as the TV band spectrum “belongs” to TV broadcasters, any secondary usage must necessarily be conditional. Therefore, the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) engineering office released a Report and Order (FCC R&O) on Nov. 14, 2008, that spelled out the conditions which TV band devices must satisfy in order to use the TV white space.
- FCC Federal Communications Commission
- WS white space
- the WS database includes TV channel allocation and location of principal venues, such as stadiums, electronic news groups (ENGs), theatres, churches, etc. that operate wireless microphone systems.
- the database access and sensing capabilities should enable TV band devices to share TV white space with other secondary services without interfering with primary services.
- Personal/Portable TV band devices must either be under the control of a fixed TV band device, or must employ geo-location and/or database access and spectrum sensing capabilities. When a protected signal is detected in a TV channel being used by a TV band device, the TV band device must cease operation in that TV channel within 2 seconds.
- FCC R&O specifies a maximum transmission power for fixed TV band devices of up to 1 watt with an antenna gain of 4 watts equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP). Personal/portable TV band devices are permitted to radiate up to 100 milliwatts EIRP with no antenna gain. When operating on a TV channel adjacent to a protected TV channel, the power radiation shall be limited to 40 milliwatts EIRP.
- EIRP equivalent isotropic radiated power
- TV channel Assignment Fixed and portable TV band devices can operate on any vacant TV band channel, from TV channel 21 to TV channel 51 , excluding TV channel 37 which is reserved for telemetry. Communication between two fixed TV band devices is also allowed on TV channel 2 and TV channels 5 to 20 , except those used by the private land-mobile radio services for public safety.
- Adjacent TV channel Limitation Fixed TV band devices are not allowed to operate on TV channels immediately adjacent to an ATSC protected TV channel. Portable TV band devices are allowed to operate on a TV channel immediately adjacent to a protected TV channel, but their out-of-band emission on the side of the adjacent TV channel should be limited to 55 dB below the power level at which they operate.
- the wireless industry is contemplating using the TV band white space by developing standards for technology convergence into an architecture that is comfortable, easy to use and attractively priced.
- the IEEE 802.22 Working Group formed in 2004, received a mandate to develop a standard for Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN).
- WRAN Wireless Regional Area Networks
- the goal of this standard is to provide rural area broadband services to single-family residential, multi-dwelling units, small office/home office, small businesses, etc.
- the standard will be used by license-exempt devices that operate in the TV white space and conform to the FCC R&O.
- the draft of the 802.22 standard specifies that the network should operate in a point to multipoint configuration, where a base transceiver station (BTS) or an access point (AP) controls the medium access for all customer premise equipment it serves, while avoiding interference with broadcast services present in the operating area.
- BTS base transceiver station
- AP access point
- One key feature of the WRAN BTS/AP is the capability to perform distributed spectrum sensing, where the customer premises equipment senses the spectrum and sends periodic reports to the serving BTS/AP informing it about what has been sensed. Based on the information gathered, the BTS/AP determines whether the current operating channel must be changed.
- a TV band device should be capable of sensing its environment and location and altering its power, frequency, modulation and other parameters to dynamically use TV white space.
- TV band devices should allow spectrum sharing on a negotiated or opportunistic basis, adapt spectrum use to the real-time conditions of the operating environment, offer the potential for more flexible, efficient and comprehensive use of available spectrum, and reduce the risk of harmful interference.
- a TV band wireless system may have 4 major components, i.e. a Sensing and Database Engine (SDE), a Physical Layer Processor (PHY), a MAC processor and a Spectrum manager 50 a (SM).
- SDE Sensing and Database Engine
- PHY Physical Layer Processor
- MAC Medium Access Management Entity
- SM Spectrum manager 50 a
- Spectrum sensing and WS database engine operates to detect incumbent signals generated by primary services such as TV signals and wireless microphone systems.
- Significant effort has been invested in drafting the 802.22 Standard, including contributions on both ATSC signal sensing and wireless microphone sensing.
- Several key algorithms were developed and tested, based on various characteristics of the signals, such as signal energy detection, correlation, cyclostationary feature extraction, eigenvalue decomposition, fine FFT etc.
- ATSC signal sensing detection is based on the ATSC signal format, which includes known embedded bit sequences, namely the ATSC pilot and pseudo-noise (PN) sequences.
- PN pseudo-noise
- various solutions are being proposed by 802.22 contributors.
- the hardware implementation of a sensor/detector still presents significant challenges due to lack of affordable, low-cost front-end components.
- Today, most proposed designs involve modifying the current TV tuner design to enable it to handle a required ⁇ 114 dBm sensitivity.
- current consensus on ATSC signal sensing is that the FCC Rules and Orders may not meet broadcasters' real requirements.
- the broadcasters provide contours of the TV channels they operate, while the FCC Rules and Orders require that TV band devices use sensing to ensure that they do not interfere with TV channels operating in their area.
- a TV band device will fail to sense a TV signal even if it is located within the contour of a TV channel licensed in that area. This could occur if the TV station is not broadcasting on that TV channel at the time. Broadcasters do not permit others to use their spectrum, even when it is not in use.
- the sensing engine is located inside a building where a TV signal is not detectable (e.g. in the basement of a building) the broadcast may not be detected by the TV band device.
- Sensing/detecting a wireless microphone signal is an even more complex operation. This is partly because there is no universal standard for wireless microphone systems.
- wireless microphones may use UHF or VHF frequencies, frequency modulation (FM), amplitude modulation (AM), or various digital modulation schemes. More advanced models operate on a user selectable frequency to avoid interference, and permit the concurrent use of several microphones.
- the FM waveform has an energy concentration about 40 kHz which may drift around within a 200 kHz bandwidth.
- the wireless microphone signals do not have any known sequence and the detection threshold based on the signal energy has been set very low (at ⁇ 114 dBm). This makes the detection extremely challenging, and there are no proven solutions or viable proposals available yet.
- the IEEE 802.22 Working Group also proposed use of WS database servers with WS databases for storing all meaningful system information and policy related radio parameters, to assist operation of TV band devices in a given area.
- the information stored in these WS databases would include the number of the protected TV channels, geo-location and TV channel contours of each TV tower and each stadium or other site using a wireless microphone system, and terrain elevation for the service region, maximum EIRP for the licensed TV channel, antenna height and gain, propagation models, interference scenarios.
- the information in the WS database will also include identification and geo-location information for the fixed TV WS (white space) devices in the service area, their transmission power and operating TV channels, etc.
- the WS database should be pulled by the TV band devices or pushed to the TV band devices. It is also expected that such WS database servers would be provided to serve each local network and that a regional WS database may also be available.
- system information is used to designate the information stored in the WS database.
- FIG. 1 illustrates relationships and interactions between entities that operate, use and maintain a WS database 10 using a WS database server 12 .
- Broadcasters 14 and regulators 16 are the owners of the WS database server 12 and the WS database 10 ; users of the WS database 10 are TVWS service providers 18 and TV band device users 20 .
- This system is organized in a client-server architecture where the WS database server 12 is the central registering unit, as well as the only provider of content and service.
- the remaining entities, TVWS service providers 18 and TV band devices 20 can only request content or the provision of services, without the possibility of sharing any of their own resources.
- Broadcasters 14 and regulators 16 provide an identification of the available TV channels (i.e. by TV channel number) and an identification of the protected TV channels in their service area, with associated service contours.
- the owners 14 , 16 must regularly update the WS database 10 with any new information available to them. They also perform any authorization, authentication and administration (AAA) functionality.
- AAA authorization, authentication and administration
- the TV WS service providers 18 and the TV band devices 20 which are the WS database 10 users, shall provide their configuration/transmission parameters to the WS database, together with any sensed data regarding the presence of a primary service they may have identified (sensed, detected) in that area.
- these entities 14 , 16 must be validated (authentication and authorization) upon requesting WS database access.
- the information downloaded by these users is submitted to a validation and security verification process; the broadcasters 14 and/or regulators 16 shall confirm data before updating the WS database 10 .
- TV band devices 20 shall access the WS database 10 to acquire protected TV channel information, available TV channel information, interference status, power limitation data, etc, which is used to configure spectrum usage, and convey that information to any TV band device 20 under their control .
- BTS base transceiver stations
- AP access points
- TV band devices 20 should reconfigure their spectrum information within 30 seconds. For example, when a broadcaster decides to use a TV channel, that TV channel must be vacated within a 30-second time frame.
- Broadcasters 14 and regulators 16 may push updates to all TV band devices 20 in the service area either directly or via the TV WS service providers 18 .
- the TV WS service providers 18 provide an anchor point where the WS database server 12 can push data.
- Broadcasters 14 and regulators 16 may push/update a particular data type to clear a TV channel or multiple TV channels within a certain time.
- Many control networks and network entities and for managing TV white space spectrum usage by wireless radio access networks have been described. However, those control networks and network entities are based on a client-server architecture, which are expensive to implement, requires extensive maintenance, and is susceptible to single point of failure.
- Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for a peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network (WRAN), in which peer spectrum managers serve as base station controllers to manage white space spectrum usage in the WRAN.
- WRAN wireless radio access network
- a peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network includes a peer TV band sensing engine that collects TV band spectrum occupancy information; a peer geolocation engine that collects geolocation information from the base stations and the TV band devices in the wireless radio access network; and a peer spectrum manager and base station controller having a communications link to a white space database server, and a processor that processes spectrum occupancy information received from the peer TV band sensing engine, the peer geolocation engine, and the white space database, and allocates white space spectrum to at least one base station and TV band devices associated with the at least one base station.
- a method of controlling TV band white space spectrum usage by base stations of a remote wireless access network includes provisioning the remote wireless access network with a peer-to-peer control network that comprises peer spectrum manager and base station controllers respectively having a communications link to a white space database server, and a processor that processes TV band spectrum occupancy information received from peer TV Band sensing engines, peer geolocation engines, and the white space database, and allocate the TV band white space spectrum to the base stations and TV band devices associated with the base stations based on the TV band spectrum occupancy information.
- a spectrum manager and base station controller in a peer-to-peer control network for a TV band white space wireless radio access network have a TV band white space allocation policy; a communications link to a white space database server; and a processor that processes spectrum occupancy information received from a peer TV band sensing engine, a peer geolocation engine, and the white space database, and allocates white space spectrum to the base station and TV band devices associated with the base station.
- FIG. 1 illustrates relationships and interactions between prior art entities that operate, use and maintain a white space database using a white space database server;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a peer-to-peer control network with spectrum managers in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an embodiment of a spectrum manager shown in FIG. 2 that resides on a base transceiver station;
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the spectrum manager that serves multiple base transceiver stations/access points.
- FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating principle actions of the spectrum manager in the peer-to-peer control network in accordance with the invention.
- the invention provides a peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network (WRAN), in which peer spectrum managers serve as base station controllers to manage white space spectrum usage in the WRAN.
- the peer-to-peer relationship between the spectrum managers depends on the type of network in which the peer-to-peer control network is deployed. In the case of 802.22 type networks, the peer-to-peer relationship is structured. For an 802.11 (WiFi) type network, the P2P relationship depends on the network topology. For an Extended Service Set (ESS) used by enterprises, it is structured. For both Basic Service Set (BSS) and Independent BSS topologies used in small office/home office (SOHO) or home environments, it is unstructured.
- BSS Basic Service Set
- SOHO small office/home office
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a peer-to-peer control network 20 in accordance with the invention.
- the peer-to-peer control network 20 includes peer management and control entities, hereinafter referred to as spectrum managers.
- An instance of the spectrum managers, spectrum manager 50 a can reside on a BTS/AP, function as a standalone entity that serves two or more BTS s/APs and/or two or more TVWS service providers 16 , or be distributed among two or more TVWS service provider servers, as will be explained in more detail below.
- the main function of the spectrum manager 50 a is to control and manage access to, and use of, white space spectrum by all of the BTS(s)/AP(s) 70 and associated TV band devices 20 that it serves and controls.
- the spectrum manager 50 a is a network node in the peer-to-peer control network 20 , and can act as a client or a server, with or without centralized control, and with or without continuous connectivity.
- a processor 51 a of the spectrum manager 50 a executes programme instructions to perform functions that may be generally categorized as:
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the spectrum manager 50 a.
- the spectrum manager 50 a resides on, or is co-existent with, a BTS/AP 70 .
- the processor 51 a of the spectrum manager 50 a interfaces with the PHY and MAC layer management entities 74 , 76 and 78 of the BTS/AP 70 , as well as with upper layers 72 , such as internet protocol (IP) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), through an IEEE 802.1d compliant convergence sub-layer (not shown).
- IP internet protocol
- ATM asynchronous transfer mode
- the spectrum manager 50 a controls use of, and access to, white space spectrum for an entire cell served by the BTS/AP 70 and all associated TV band Devices 20 served by the BTS/AP 70 . It is also possible to equip the TV band devices 20 with another instance, and optionally less complex version, of the spectrum manager (SM 22 ).
- the peer-to-peer architecture provides autonomous behavior necessary to ensure non-interfering operation of the TV band devices 20
- the TV band sensing functionality 56 and the geolocation functionality 58 a respectively process and analyze information received from the TV band sensing engine 60 and the geolocation engine 62 to support cognitive abilities of the spectrum manager 50 a.
- the MAC layer 54 a provides mechanisms for flexible and efficient data communication, while providing reliable protection for incumbent services in the TV band and coexistence with other TV band devices 20 (i.e. enables multiple TV band devices 20 to operate in the same area by applying the white space spectrum allocation policy 52 a, which is designed to address potential interference between those devices).
- the spectrum manager 50 a resides on or is co-existent with a BTS/AP, as shown in FIG. 4 , it may optimize link level performance and maximize data throughput of a cell supported by the BTS/AP 70 .
- the spectrum manager 50 a can also be co-located with a service provider server, or associated with two or more service provider servers, e.g. Server 1 and Server N, as show in FIG. 4 .
- the functionality of the spectrum manager 50 a can be distributed peer-to-peer between one or more BTS(s)/AP(s) and one or more TVWS service provider server(s).
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the spectrum manager 50 a serves multiple BTSs/APs, including BTSs/APs belonging to TVWS service provider 80 (TVWS Service Provider Server 1 ) and TVWS service provider 84 (TVWS Service Provider Server N).
- the spectrum manager 50 a serves as a BTS/AP controller.
- TVWS service provider 80 provides service to TV band devices 20 (not shown) via BTS/AP 82 a, 82 b and 82 c.
- TVWS service provider 84 provides service to other TV band devices 20 (not shown) via BTS/AP 86 a, 86 b, 86 c and 86 d.
- the spectrum manager 50 a directly controls each BTS/AP 82 a - 82 c and 86 a - 86 d.
- the spectrum manager 50 a may require different system architectures and, therefore, require different performance metrics and business models.
- the spectrum manager 50 a can optimize the entire network using the white space allocation policy 52 a, interference mitigation, radio resource coordination and management, power optimization and diversity data routing, etc.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart that provides a high-level overview of the operations performed by the processor 51 a in conjunction with other software and hardware components of the spectrum manager 50 a. For simplicity, the operations are explained with reference only to the spectrum manager 50 a.
- the spectrum manager 50 a acquires ( 100 ) information about protected TV channels from the WS database 10 . As explained above, this information may be pulled by the spectrum manager 50 a from the WS database 10 , or pushed to the spectrum manager 50 a by the WS database 10 .
- the spectrum manager 50 a also receives ( 102 ) TV channel occupation information from its peer TV band sensing engine 60 , which collects, analyzes and distills TV channel sensing information from TV channel sensing sources, including the TV band devices 20 .
- the sensing manager 50 a also receives ( 104 ) geolocation information from its peer geolocation engine 62 , which collects, analyzes and distills device location information from geolocation sensing sources, including from global positioning system (GPS) sensors on base stations 82 a - 82 c and 86 a - 86 d and TV band devices 20 .
- the sensing manager 50 a may also receive ( 104 ) other data, such as radio configurations of both the TV band devices 20 under its control and those belonging to other service providers, and performance metrics such as location based bit error rate/frame error rate (BER/FER), received signal strength indication (RSSI), carrier to interference ratio (C/I), etc. from the base stations 82 a - 82 c and 86 a - 86 d and/or the TV band devices 20
- BER/FER location based bit error rate/frame error rate
- RSSI received signal strength indication
- C/I carrier to interference ratio
- the spectrum manager 50 a then computes white space spectrum allocations ( 106 ) based on the white space spectrum allocation policy 52 a, taking into account white space reuse schemes, network topology, and other factors, in order to optimize network throughput.
- the spectrum manager 50 a serves as an anchor point for broadcasters 14 and regulators 16 , enabling those entities to intervene in the management of TV band devices 20 under the control of the spectrum manager 50 a. If the WS database 10 pushes ( 108 ) TV channel usage data to the spectrum manager 50 a, the spectrum manager 50 a reacts (actively and proactively) to guarantee that incumbent system broadcasts are protected, while minimizing any interruption of services provided to the TV band devices 20 that are active in the area(s) served.
- the spectrum manager 50 a determines ( 106 ) whether re-calculation of its white space spectrum allocations is required. As an example, if that TV channel, or a portion of it, is part of the spectrum allocated by the spectrum manager 50 a, the spectrum manager 50 a re-computes its white space spectrum allocations ( 106 ).
- any change in white space spectrum allocations may generate a change in the interference environment, so the spectrum manager 50 a reacts ( 114 ) by optimizing the interference environment parameters across all of the TV band devices 20 that it serves, either as a courtesy under the spectrum usage etiquette and/or to re-optimize network data throughput by re-deploying the frequency plan and spectrum sharing plan and guiding the TV band devices 20 to re-associate with their respective BTS/AP 70 .
- the spectrum manager 50 a may consider the white space spectrum usage by the other service providers when allocating white space spectrum to BTS/AP(s) 70 under its control, and may negotiate with another peer spectrum manager operated by the other service provider(s) when white space spectrum sharing is required.
- the spectrum manager 50 a has the flexibility to adapt to different WS database 10 architectures.
- the spectrum manager 50 a may have some overlap of functionality with a radio resource management (RRM) entity which may reside on the same BTS/AP 70 .
- RRM radio resource management
- the RRM operates to manage radio resources across a certain part of the TV spectrum; in which case, the spectrum manager 50 a acquires information from the RRM, and then determines which spectrum piece(s) to use.
- DSP digital signal processor
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- a general-purpose processor is hardware and can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any hardware processor or controller, microcontroller.
- a processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
- a software module can reside in computer or controller accessible on computer-readable storage media including RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium including a network storage medium.
- An exemplary storage medium can be coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
- the storage medium can be integral to the processor.
- the processor and the storage medium can also reside in an ASIC.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A spectrum manager and base station controller for a wireless radio access network allocates TV band white space to all TV band devices under its control using: an allocation policy; information pulled/pushed from a white space database, spectrum usage data supplied by a spectrum sensing engine, and information received from at least one other peer spectrum manager and base station controller for the wireless radio access network.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/793,969, filed Jun. 4, 2010, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 61/185,097 filed Jun. 8, 2009.
- This invention relates in general to use of vacant TV band channels and, in particular, to a peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network that operates in vacant TV band channels.
- Vacant TV band channels, also known as “TV white space”, are ideally suited for unlicensed wireless communications services. Access to vacant TV band channels facilitates a market for low-cost, high-capacity, mobile wireless broadband networks, including emerging in-building networks. Using TV white space, the wireless broadband industry can deliver wireless communications services to households and handholds at an inexpensive rate. However, as the TV band spectrum “belongs” to TV broadcasters, any secondary usage must necessarily be conditional. Therefore, the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) engineering office released a Report and Order (FCC R&O) on Nov. 14, 2008, that spelled out the conditions which TV band devices must satisfy in order to use the TV white space. Currently under consideration is construction of a database for assisting the TV band devices in locating TV white space that can be used for secondary wireless services. The main requirement is not to interfere with the primary wireless services active in any given geographical area. Thus, the signals broadcast by any TV band device operating in the TV white space must follow the FCC R&O so that the quality of the primary wireless services, such as digital television (DTV) broadcasts, wireless microphone systems, or other emerging licensed services already deployed, or to be deployed, will not be degraded by signals transmitted by the TV band devices. The term “white space etiquette” is used for the regulations that must be taken into account when designing and using devices adapted to operate in the TV white space. For conformity with these requirements, FCC R&O specifies several requirements, of which the 4 most relevant are summarized below.
- Capability: For compliance with this requirement, FCC mandates that both fixed and mobile white space devices include geo-location and sensing capabilities and use a database, referred to herein as the “white space (WS) database”, which provides information regarding the primary services active in each TV market. The WS database includes TV channel allocation and location of principal venues, such as stadiums, electronic news groups (ENGs), theatres, churches, etc. that operate wireless microphone systems. The database access and sensing capabilities should enable TV band devices to share TV white space with other secondary services without interfering with primary services. Personal/Portable TV band devices must either be under the control of a fixed TV band device, or must employ geo-location and/or database access and spectrum sensing capabilities. When a protected signal is detected in a TV channel being used by a TV band device, the TV band device must cease operation in that TV channel within 2 seconds.
- Power Radiation: FCC R&O specifies a maximum transmission power for fixed TV band devices of up to 1 watt with an antenna gain of 4 watts equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP). Personal/portable TV band devices are permitted to radiate up to 100 milliwatts EIRP with no antenna gain. When operating on a TV channel adjacent to a protected TV channel, the power radiation shall be limited to 40 milliwatts EIRP.
- TV channel Assignment: Fixed and portable TV band devices can operate on any vacant TV band channel, from TV channel 21 to TV channel 51, excluding TV channel 37 which is reserved for telemetry. Communication between two fixed TV band devices is also allowed on
TV channel 2 and TV channels 5 to 20, except those used by the private land-mobile radio services for public safety. - Adjacent TV channel Limitation: Fixed TV band devices are not allowed to operate on TV channels immediately adjacent to an ATSC protected TV channel. Portable TV band devices are allowed to operate on a TV channel immediately adjacent to a protected TV channel, but their out-of-band emission on the side of the adjacent TV channel should be limited to 55 dB below the power level at which they operate.
- The wireless industry is contemplating using the TV band white space by developing standards for technology convergence into an architecture that is comfortable, easy to use and attractively priced. For example, the IEEE 802.22 Working Group, formed in 2004, received a mandate to develop a standard for Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN). The goal of this standard is to provide rural area broadband services to single-family residential, multi-dwelling units, small office/home office, small businesses, etc. The standard will be used by license-exempt devices that operate in the TV white space and conform to the FCC R&O. The draft of the 802.22 standard specifies that the network should operate in a point to multipoint configuration, where a base transceiver station (BTS) or an access point (AP) controls the medium access for all customer premise equipment it serves, while avoiding interference with broadcast services present in the operating area. One key feature of the WRAN BTS/AP is the capability to perform distributed spectrum sensing, where the customer premises equipment senses the spectrum and sends periodic reports to the serving BTS/AP informing it about what has been sensed. Based on the information gathered, the BTS/AP determines whether the current operating channel must be changed.
- Conceptually, a TV band device should be capable of sensing its environment and location and altering its power, frequency, modulation and other parameters to dynamically use TV white space. TV band devices should allow spectrum sharing on a negotiated or opportunistic basis, adapt spectrum use to the real-time conditions of the operating environment, offer the potential for more flexible, efficient and comprehensive use of available spectrum, and reduce the risk of harmful interference. In general, a TV band wireless system may have 4 major components, i.e. a Sensing and Database Engine (SDE), a Physical Layer Processor (PHY), a MAC processor and a Spectrum
manager 50 a (SM). - Spectrum sensing and WS database engine (SDE) operates to detect incumbent signals generated by primary services such as TV signals and wireless microphone systems. Significant effort has been invested in drafting the 802.22 Standard, including contributions on both ATSC signal sensing and wireless microphone sensing. Several key algorithms were developed and tested, based on various characteristics of the signals, such as signal energy detection, correlation, cyclostationary feature extraction, eigenvalue decomposition, fine FFT etc.
- For ATSC signal sensing, detection is based on the ATSC signal format, which includes known embedded bit sequences, namely the ATSC pilot and pseudo-noise (PN) sequences. As such, various solutions are being proposed by 802.22 contributors. However, the hardware implementation of a sensor/detector still presents significant challenges due to lack of affordable, low-cost front-end components. Today, most proposed designs involve modifying the current TV tuner design to enable it to handle a required −114 dBm sensitivity. However, current consensus on ATSC signal sensing is that the FCC Rules and Orders may not meet broadcasters' real requirements. Namely, the broadcasters provide contours of the TV channels they operate, while the FCC Rules and Orders require that TV band devices use sensing to ensure that they do not interfere with TV channels operating in their area. However, it is quite possible that a TV band device will fail to sense a TV signal even if it is located within the contour of a TV channel licensed in that area. This could occur if the TV station is not broadcasting on that TV channel at the time. Broadcasters do not permit others to use their spectrum, even when it is not in use. Alternatively, if the sensing engine is located inside a building where a TV signal is not detectable (e.g. in the basement of a building) the broadcast may not be detected by the TV band device.
- Sensing/detecting a wireless microphone signal is an even more complex operation. This is partly because there is no universal standard for wireless microphone systems. For example, wireless microphones may use UHF or VHF frequencies, frequency modulation (FM), amplitude modulation (AM), or various digital modulation schemes. More advanced models operate on a user selectable frequency to avoid interference, and permit the concurrent use of several microphones. For the wireless microphone systems that use frequency modulation, the FM waveform has an energy concentration about 40 kHz which may drift around within a 200 kHz bandwidth. However, the wireless microphone signals do not have any known sequence and the detection threshold based on the signal energy has been set very low (at −114 dBm). This makes the detection extremely challenging, and there are no proven solutions or viable proposals available yet. One solution proposed by the IEEE 802.22 Working Group in 802.22 TG-1 is to add a beacon mechanism to the wireless microphone signals, which should facilitate wireless microphone sensing. However, this solution is not ideal, since it is impractical to retrofit existing wireless microphones with a beacon mechanism.
- The IEEE 802.22 Working Group also proposed use of WS database servers with WS databases for storing all meaningful system information and policy related radio parameters, to assist operation of TV band devices in a given area. The information stored in these WS databases would include the number of the protected TV channels, geo-location and TV channel contours of each TV tower and each stadium or other site using a wireless microphone system, and terrain elevation for the service region, maximum EIRP for the licensed TV channel, antenna height and gain, propagation models, interference scenarios. The information in the WS database will also include identification and geo-location information for the fixed TV WS (white space) devices in the service area, their transmission power and operating TV channels, etc. It is expected that the type and extent of information stored in the WS database will be agreed upon by broadcasters, regulators and service providers, and will be updated regularly. The WS database should be pulled by the TV band devices or pushed to the TV band devices. It is also expected that such WS database servers would be provided to serve each local network and that a regional WS database may also be available. The term “system information” is used to designate the information stored in the WS database.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates relationships and interactions between entities that operate, use and maintain aWS database 10 using aWS database server 12.Broadcasters 14 and regulators 16 (or their authorized representatives) are the owners of theWS database server 12 and theWS database 10; users of theWS database 10 areTVWS service providers 18 and TVband device users 20. This system is organized in a client-server architecture where theWS database server 12 is the central registering unit, as well as the only provider of content and service. The remaining entities,TVWS service providers 18 andTV band devices 20 can only request content or the provision of services, without the possibility of sharing any of their own resources. -
Broadcasters 14 andregulators 16 provide an identification of the available TV channels (i.e. by TV channel number) and an identification of the protected TV channels in their service area, with associated service contours. Theowners WS database 10 with any new information available to them. They also perform any authorization, authentication and administration (AAA) functionality. - The TV
WS service providers 18 and theTV band devices 20, which are theWS database 10 users, shall provide their configuration/transmission parameters to the WS database, together with any sensed data regarding the presence of a primary service they may have identified (sensed, detected) in that area. As users of the WS database, theseentities broadcasters 14 and/orregulators 16 shall confirm data before updating theWS database 10.TV band devices 20, particularly base transceiver stations (BTS) and access points (AP), shall access theWS database 10 to acquire protected TV channel information, available TV channel information, interference status, power limitation data, etc, which is used to configure spectrum usage, and convey that information to anyTV band device 20 under their control . Each time an AP or BTS receives updates from theWS database 10,TV band devices 20 should reconfigure their spectrum information within 30 seconds. For example, when a broadcaster decides to use a TV channel, that TV channel must be vacated within a 30-second time frame. -
Broadcasters 14 andregulators 16 may push updates to allTV band devices 20 in the service area either directly or via the TVWS service providers 18. Preferably, the TVWS service providers 18 provide an anchor point where theWS database server 12 can push data.Broadcasters 14 andregulators 16 may push/update a particular data type to clear a TV channel or multiple TV channels within a certain time. Many control networks and network entities and for managing TV white space spectrum usage by wireless radio access networks have been described. However, those control networks and network entities are based on a client-server architecture, which are expensive to implement, requires extensive maintenance, and is susceptible to single point of failure. - There therefore exists a need for a control network for a wireless radio access network that is robust and inexpensive to implement.
- Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for a peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network (WRAN), in which peer spectrum managers serve as base station controllers to manage white space spectrum usage in the WRAN.
- In one aspect a peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network includes a peer TV band sensing engine that collects TV band spectrum occupancy information; a peer geolocation engine that collects geolocation information from the base stations and the TV band devices in the wireless radio access network; and a peer spectrum manager and base station controller having a communications link to a white space database server, and a processor that processes spectrum occupancy information received from the peer TV band sensing engine, the peer geolocation engine, and the white space database, and allocates white space spectrum to at least one base station and TV band devices associated with the at least one base station.
- In another aspect a method of controlling TV band white space spectrum usage by base stations of a remote wireless access network includes provisioning the remote wireless access network with a peer-to-peer control network that comprises peer spectrum manager and base station controllers respectively having a communications link to a white space database server, and a processor that processes TV band spectrum occupancy information received from peer TV Band sensing engines, peer geolocation engines, and the white space database, and allocate the TV band white space spectrum to the base stations and TV band devices associated with the base stations based on the TV band spectrum occupancy information.
- In a further aspect a spectrum manager and base station controller in a peer-to-peer control network for a TV band white space wireless radio access network have a TV band white space allocation policy; a communications link to a white space database server; and a processor that processes spectrum occupancy information received from a peer TV band sensing engine, a peer geolocation engine, and the white space database, and allocates white space spectrum to the base station and TV band devices associated with the base station.
- These and other aspects and advantages of the invention may be further understand upon a review of the following description and the accompanying figures.
- The invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the following drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates relationships and interactions between prior art entities that operate, use and maintain a white space database using a white space database server; -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a peer-to-peer control network with spectrum managers in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an embodiment of a spectrum manager shown inFIG. 2 that resides on a base transceiver station; -
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the spectrum manager that serves multiple base transceiver stations/access points; and -
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating principle actions of the spectrum manager in the peer-to-peer control network in accordance with the invention. - The invention provides a peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network (WRAN), in which peer spectrum managers serve as base station controllers to manage white space spectrum usage in the WRAN. The peer-to-peer relationship between the spectrum managers depends on the type of network in which the peer-to-peer control network is deployed. In the case of 802.22 type networks, the peer-to-peer relationship is structured. For an 802.11 (WiFi) type network, the P2P relationship depends on the network topology. For an Extended Service Set (ESS) used by enterprises, it is structured. For both Basic Service Set (BSS) and Independent BSS topologies used in small office/home office (SOHO) or home environments, it is unstructured. After reading this description, it will become apparent to one skilled in the art how to implement the invention in various alternative embodiments and alternative applications. Although various embodiments of the present invention are described herein, it is understood that these embodiments are presented by way of example only, and not limitation. As such, this detailed description of various alternative embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope or breadth of the present invention. The systems and methods disclosed herein can accelerate the learning of a novice and assist in the transition from a novice to expert level faster than conventional learning techniques.
-
FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a peer-to-peer control network 20 in accordance with the invention. The peer-to-peer control network 20 includes peer management and control entities, hereinafter referred to as spectrum managers. An instance of the spectrum managers,spectrum manager 50 a, can reside on a BTS/AP, function as a standalone entity that serves two or more BTS s/APs and/or two or moreTVWS service providers 16, or be distributed among two or more TVWS service provider servers, as will be explained in more detail below. The main function of thespectrum manager 50 a is to control and manage access to, and use of, white space spectrum by all of the BTS(s)/AP(s) 70 and associatedTV band devices 20 that it serves and controls. Thespectrum manager 50 a is a network node in the peer-to-peer control network 20, and can act as a client or a server, with or without centralized control, and with or without continuous connectivity. Aprocessor 51 a of thespectrum manager 50 a executes programme instructions to perform functions that may be generally categorized as: -
- (a) Communication with Local or Regional WS databases 10: The
spectrum manager 50 a pulls, and/or is pushed, information from/by: a peer TVband sensing engine 60; a peer geolocation engine 62: apeer spectrum manager 50 b: and/or, aWS database 10. The information pushed/pulled includes: TV channel information (availability and usage); information aboutTVWS service providers 18 andTV band devices 20, such as: geo-location, antenna gain, and performance metrics; interference scenarios (both self interference and interference among different TVWS service providers); carrier to interference ratios (C/I); signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements; etc. - (b) Spectrum Allocation: The
spectrum manager 50 a is responsible for allocating white space spectrum to theTV band devices 20 under its control. Anallocation policy 52 a adheres to the FCC R&O, and thespectrum manager 50 a has the authority to shut down TV band devices 20 (FIG. 1 ) and to report to higher authorities any problematicTV band device 20 under its control. In general, thespectrum manager 50 a operates to control white space spectrum allocation with built-in service fairness. - (c) Communication with the BTS/AP, the
peer sensing engine 60,peer geolocation engine 62,peer spectrum manager 50 b, and the WS database 10: Thespectrum manager 50 a has a direct communications link with each BTS/AP 70 under its control. Thespectrum manager 50 a also has a direct communications link with thesensing engine 60,geolocation engine 62, andspectrum manager 50 b, as well as all other spectrum managers (not shown) in the peer-to-peer control network. Furthermore, thespectrum managers WS database server 12, therefore enabling thebroadcasters 14 and theregulators 16 to indirectly manageTV band devices 20. - (d) White space spectrum usage optimization: The
spectrum manager 50 a performs allocation of white space spectrum, while attempting to optimize white space spectrum usage. To this end, theprocessor 51 a of thespectrum manager 50 a processes all information available from the local/regional WS database 10, as well as information collected from theTV band devices 20 it serves and makes spectrum allocation decisions based on the white spacespectrum allocation policy 50 a and the information collected from all other sources. The spectrum allocation decisions can be made for a single BTS/AP 70 or for a group of BTSs/APs 70 to optimize hardware efficiency, throughput, service latency, reliability, coverage and connectivity, coexistence with other wireless systems or networks, etc.
- (a) Communication with Local or Regional WS databases 10: The
-
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of thespectrum manager 50 a. In this embodiment, thespectrum manager 50 a resides on, or is co-existent with, a BTS/AP 70. Theprocessor 51 a of thespectrum manager 50 a interfaces with the PHY and MAClayer management entities AP 70, as well as withupper layers 72, such as internet protocol (IP) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), through an IEEE 802.1d compliant convergence sub-layer (not shown). Thespectrum manager 50 a controls use of, and access to, white space spectrum for an entire cell served by the BTS/AP 70 and all associatedTV band Devices 20 served by the BTS/AP 70. It is also possible to equip theTV band devices 20 with another instance, and optionally less complex version, of the spectrum manager (SM 22). The peer-to-peer architecture provides autonomous behavior necessary to ensure non-interfering operation of theTV band devices 20 in any situation. - There are three main functions at the PHY layer of the
spectrum manager 50 a: data communications (MAC layer 54 a); TVband sensing functionality 56 a; and, thegeolocation functionality 58 a. The TV band sensing functionality 56 and thegeolocation functionality 58 a respectively process and analyze information received from the TVband sensing engine 60 and thegeolocation engine 62 to support cognitive abilities of thespectrum manager 50 a. TheMAC layer 54 a provides mechanisms for flexible and efficient data communication, while providing reliable protection for incumbent services in the TV band and coexistence with other TV band devices 20 (i.e. enables multipleTV band devices 20 to operate in the same area by applying the white spacespectrum allocation policy 52 a, which is designed to address potential interference between those devices). When thespectrum manager 50 a resides on or is co-existent with a BTS/AP, as shown inFIG. 4 , it may optimize link level performance and maximize data throughput of a cell supported by the BTS/AP 70. - As explained above, the
spectrum manager 50 a can also be co-located with a service provider server, or associated with two or more service provider servers,e.g. Server 1 and Server N, as show inFIG. 4 . Alternatively, the functionality of thespectrum manager 50 a can be distributed peer-to-peer between one or more BTS(s)/AP(s) and one or more TVWS service provider server(s). -
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which thespectrum manager 50 a serves multiple BTSs/APs, including BTSs/APs belonging to TVWS service provider 80 (TVWS Service Provider Server 1) and TVWS service provider 84 (TVWS Service Provider Server N). In this embodiment, thespectrum manager 50 a serves as a BTS/AP controller.TVWS service provider 80 provides service to TV band devices 20 (not shown) via BTS/AP TVWS service provider 84 provides service to other TV band devices 20 (not shown) via BTS/AP spectrum manager 50 a directly controls each BTS/AP 82 a-82 c and 86 a-86 d. - Different implementations of the
spectrum manager 50 a may require different system architectures and, therefore, require different performance metrics and business models. When aspectrum manager 50 a is co-located with aservice provider server spectrum manager 50 a can optimize the entire network using the whitespace allocation policy 52 a, interference mitigation, radio resource coordination and management, power optimization and diversity data routing, etc. -
FIG. 5 is a flow chart that provides a high-level overview of the operations performed by theprocessor 51 a in conjunction with other software and hardware components of thespectrum manager 50 a. For simplicity, the operations are explained with reference only to thespectrum manager 50 a. Thespectrum manager 50 a acquires (100) information about protected TV channels from theWS database 10. As explained above, this information may be pulled by thespectrum manager 50 a from theWS database 10, or pushed to thespectrum manager 50 a by theWS database 10. Thespectrum manager 50 a also receives (102) TV channel occupation information from its peer TVband sensing engine 60, which collects, analyzes and distills TV channel sensing information from TV channel sensing sources, including theTV band devices 20. Thesensing manager 50 a also receives (104) geolocation information from itspeer geolocation engine 62, which collects, analyzes and distills device location information from geolocation sensing sources, including from global positioning system (GPS) sensors on base stations 82 a-82 c and 86 a-86 d andTV band devices 20. Thesensing manager 50 a may also receive (104) other data, such as radio configurations of both theTV band devices 20 under its control and those belonging to other service providers, and performance metrics such as location based bit error rate/frame error rate (BER/FER), received signal strength indication (RSSI), carrier to interference ratio (C/I), etc. from the base stations 82 a-82 c and 86 a-86 d and/or theTV band devices 20 - The
spectrum manager 50 a then computes white space spectrum allocations (106) based on the white spacespectrum allocation policy 52 a, taking into account white space reuse schemes, network topology, and other factors, in order to optimize network throughput. As indicated above, thespectrum manager 50 a serves as an anchor point forbroadcasters 14 andregulators 16, enabling those entities to intervene in the management ofTV band devices 20 under the control of thespectrum manager 50 a. If theWS database 10 pushes (108) TV channel usage data to thespectrum manager 50 a, thespectrum manager 50 a reacts (actively and proactively) to guarantee that incumbent system broadcasts are protected, while minimizing any interruption of services provided to theTV band devices 20 that are active in the area(s) served. If thepeer spectrum manager 50 b informs (110) thepeer spectrum manager 50 a that one or more of its base station(s) has changed its white space spectrum usage, e. g., the TV channel it is using for service provision, thespectrum manager 50 a determines (106) whether re-calculation of its white space spectrum allocations is required. As an example, if that TV channel, or a portion of it, is part of the spectrum allocated by thespectrum manager 50 a, thespectrum manager 50 a re-computes its white space spectrum allocations (106). As understood by those skilled in the art, any change in white space spectrum allocations may generate a change in the interference environment, so thespectrum manager 50 a reacts (114) by optimizing the interference environment parameters across all of theTV band devices 20 that it serves, either as a courtesy under the spectrum usage etiquette and/or to re-optimize network data throughput by re-deploying the frequency plan and spectrum sharing plan and guiding theTV band devices 20 to re-associate with their respective BTS/AP 70. Even though aspectrum manager 50 a that serves only one service provider server cannot change the white space spectrum usage of any other service provider, thespectrum manager 50 a may consider the white space spectrum usage by the other service providers when allocating white space spectrum to BTS/AP(s) 70 under its control, and may negotiate with another peer spectrum manager operated by the other service provider(s) when white space spectrum sharing is required. - The
spectrum manager 50 a has the flexibility to adapt todifferent WS database 10 architectures. Thespectrum manager 50 a may have some overlap of functionality with a radio resource management (RRM) entity which may reside on the same BTS/AP 70. For example, in some embodiments, the RRM operates to manage radio resources across a certain part of the TV spectrum; in which case, thespectrum manager 50 a acquires information from the RRM, and then determines which spectrum piece(s) to use. - Various illustrative implementations of the present invention have been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will see that additional implementations are also possible and within the scope of the present invention. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative modules and method steps described in connection with the above described figures and the embodiments disclosed herein can often be implemented as electronic hardware, software, firmware or combinations of the foregoing. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative modules and method steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled persons can implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the invention. In addition, the grouping of functions within a module or step is for ease of description. Specific functions can be moved from one module or step to another without departing from the invention.
- Moreover, the various illustrative modules and method steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented or performed with hardware such as a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (“DSP”), an application specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), field programmable gate array (“FPGA”) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor is hardware and can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any hardware processor or controller, microcontroller. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
- Additionally, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module can reside in computer or controller accessible on computer-readable storage media including RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium including a network storage medium. An exemplary storage medium can be coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium can be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium can also reside in an ASIC.
- The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is to be understood that the description and drawings presented herein represent exemplary embodiments of the invention and are therefore representative of the subject matter which is broadly contemplated by the present invention. It is further understood that the scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments and that the scope of the present invention is accordingly limited by nothing other than the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A method of operating a spectrum usage manager, comprising:
receiving geolocation information, spectrum occupancy information and white space database information;
allocating white space spectrum to a base station and to a television (TV) band device associated with the base station;
the white space spectrum being for an area encompassing the base station; the allocating in accordance with the received geolocation information, spectrum occupancy information and white space database information;
the geolocation information being associated with at least one of the base station and the area encompassing the base station; the spectrum occupancy information indicating availability of the allocated white space spectrum.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising pushing at least one of spectrum occupancy information and white space database information from a peer spectrum manager to the spectrum manager.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising pushing at least one of spectrum occupancy information and white space database information from the spectrum manager to a peer spectrum manager.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising determining whether band white space allocations to the base station and the TV band device must be re-computed when the pushed at least one of spectrum occupancy information and white space database information changes.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein receiving geolocation information includes having a communications link with a geolocation engine.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein receiving spectrum occupancy information includes having a communications link with a TV band sensing engine.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein receiving white space database information includes having a communications link with a white space database server.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein allocating white space spectrum to the base station and to the TV band device includes optimizing band white space spectrum usage.
9. A method of operating a spectrum manager of a peer-to-peer control network for a television (TV) band white space wireless radio access network, the method comprising:
receiving geolocation information associated with a geographical area encompassing a base station of the peer-to-peer network from a geolocation engine;
receiving spectrum occupancy information indicating availability of TV white space spectrum from a TV band sensing engine;
receiving white space database information from a white space database server;
computing TV white space spectrum allocation for the base station and a TV band device associated with the base station in accordance with the geolocation information, the spectrum occupancy information, and the white space database information; and
communicating the white space spectrum allocation to the base station.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the spectrum manager is pushed TV white space spectrum allocation for a peer base station from a peer spectrum manager.
11. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the spectrum manager pushes the TV white space spectrum allocation for the base station and the TV band device to a peer spectrum manager.
12. The method as claimed in claim 10 , further comprising determining whether TV band white space allocation of the base station and the TV band device must be re-computed when pushed TV white space spectrum allocation for the peer base station.
13. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein computing TV white space spectrum allocation for the base station and a TV band device is based on an allocation policy that adheres to a Federal Communications Commission Ruling and Order respecting TV band white space usage.
14. The method as claimed in claim 9 , further comprising shutting down the TV band device and reporting the TV band device to a higher authority when the TV band device becomes problematic.
15. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the spectrum manager has a client-server interface with the white space database server and the method further includes enabling a broadcaster to indirectly control the TV band device.
16. A spectrum manager of a peer-to-peer control network for a television (TV) band white space wireless radio access network, the spectrum manager comprising:
a communication link to a geolocation engine for receiving geolocation information associated with a geographical area encompassing a base station;
a communication link to a TV band sensing engine for receiving spectrum occupancy information indicating availability of TV white space spectrum;
a communication link to a white space database server for receiving white space database information; and
a processor that computes TV white space spectrum allocation for the base station and a TV band device associated with the base station in accordance with the geolocation information, the spectrum occupancy information, and the white space database information.
17. The spectrum manager as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the spectrum manager resides on the base station.
18. The spectrum manager as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the spectrum manager is a standalone device that serves a plurality of base stations and a plurality of TV band devices associated with the plurality of base stations.
19. The spectrum manager as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the spectrum manager is functionally distributed among a plurality of base stations in the peer-to-peer control network.
20. The spectrum manager as claimed in claim 16 , further comprising an allocation policy that adheres to a Federal Communications Commission Ruling and Order respecting TV band white space usage.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/597,486 US20150271682A1 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2015-01-15 | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18509709P | 2009-06-08 | 2009-06-08 | |
US12/793,969 US8937872B2 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2010-06-04 | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network |
US14/597,486 US20150271682A1 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2015-01-15 | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/793,969 Continuation US8937872B2 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2010-06-04 | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20150271682A1 true US20150271682A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
Family
ID=43300675
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/793,969 Expired - Fee Related US8937872B2 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2010-06-04 | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network |
US14/597,486 Abandoned US20150271682A1 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2015-01-15 | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/793,969 Expired - Fee Related US8937872B2 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2010-06-04 | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8937872B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2441307A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2012529780A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20120026578A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102450069A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010142021A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10757712B2 (en) | 2016-02-22 | 2020-08-25 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Restricted frequency band interference cancellation |
Families Citing this family (91)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI474690B (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2015-02-21 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | A radio sensor for detecting wireless microphone signals and a method thereof |
US8937872B2 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2015-01-20 | Wi-Lan, Inc. | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network |
JP5565082B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2014-08-06 | ソニー株式会社 | Transmission power determination method, communication apparatus, and program |
JP5531767B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2014-06-25 | ソニー株式会社 | Transmission power control method, communication apparatus, and program |
US8565811B2 (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2013-10-22 | Microsoft Corporation | Software-defined radio using multi-core processor |
JP5429036B2 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2014-02-26 | ソニー株式会社 | COMMUNICATION DEVICE, TRANSMISSION POWER CONTROL METHOD, AND PROGRAM |
JP5358737B2 (en) | 2009-09-09 | 2013-12-04 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | Channel scanning method in wireless RAN system |
US9753884B2 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2017-09-05 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Radio-control board for software-defined radio platform |
WO2011049314A2 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2011-04-28 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for scanning existing networks in tvws |
US8627189B2 (en) * | 2009-12-03 | 2014-01-07 | Microsoft Corporation | High performance digital signal processing in software radios |
US20110136439A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Analyzing Wireless Technologies Based On Software-Defined Radio |
JP5565834B2 (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2014-08-06 | 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 | Method and system for coexistence between wireless communication networks |
WO2011111917A1 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for protecting a primary service in wlan system |
US8583129B2 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2013-11-12 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for acquiring available channel information in a wireless local area network system |
GB2479173A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-05 | Sony Corp | Reducing interference at a television receiver by identifying channel maps |
US8913511B2 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2014-12-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Interference management to support peer-to-peer communication in a wide area network |
WO2011122861A2 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method for providing information such that different types of access points can coexist |
CA2795715C (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2015-06-30 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a white space map information in a wireless local area network system |
WO2011136560A2 (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2011-11-03 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method for operating a station in a white space, and apparatus for same |
US8792589B2 (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2014-07-29 | Wi-Lan Inc. | System and method for protecting transmissions of wireless microphones operating in television band white space |
WO2011145796A1 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2011-11-24 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for dynamic station enablement procedure in a wireless local area network system |
KR101829839B1 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2018-02-19 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method and apparatus for a station to operate within wlan system |
US9094837B2 (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2015-07-28 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Transmitting data in a wireless white space network |
FI20105665A0 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | Valtion Teknillinen | Method and apparatus for selecting one or more resources for use among a group of resources |
US8451789B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2013-05-28 | Nokia Corporation | Method to request resources in TV white spaces type environment |
JP5581975B2 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2014-09-03 | ソニー株式会社 | COMMUNICATION CONTROL DEVICE, COMMUNICATION CONTROL METHOD, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, AND COMMUNICATION DEVICE |
WO2012030174A2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-08 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method of making a coexistence decision on distributed topology |
US8412247B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2013-04-02 | Nokia Corporation | Method for generating a coexistence value to define fair resource share between secondary networks |
US8385286B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2013-02-26 | Nokia Corporation | Resource sharing between secondary networks |
JP5645008B2 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2014-12-24 | 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 | Coexistence communication system, coexistence processing method between communication networks |
US9408082B2 (en) * | 2010-10-31 | 2016-08-02 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method for acquiring resources in a coexistence system, and apparatus using same |
US9173218B2 (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2015-10-27 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Protocols for enabling mode 1 and mode 2 devices in TV white space networks |
JP5717089B2 (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2015-05-13 | 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 | Management device, wireless device |
US8406780B2 (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2013-03-26 | Intel Mobile Communications GmbH | LTE operation in white spaces |
US8363602B2 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2013-01-29 | Nokia Corporation | Method, apparatus and computer program product for resource allocation of coexistent secondary networks |
JP5742233B2 (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2015-07-01 | ソニー株式会社 | Information distribution apparatus and method, and information distribution system |
EP2485519B1 (en) * | 2011-02-02 | 2016-10-12 | Airbus Defence and Space Oy | Improved control of transmission in coexisting wireless communications systems |
US8310991B2 (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2012-11-13 | Nokia Corporation | Method, apparatus and computer program for controlling coexistence between wireless networks |
JP5796325B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2015-10-21 | ソニー株式会社 | COMMUNICATION CONTROL DEVICE, COMMUNICATION CONTROL METHOD, AND COMMUNICATION CONTROL SYSTEM |
US10033508B2 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2018-07-24 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and arrangement for white space device transmission |
US9282464B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2016-03-08 | Alcatel Lucent | QoS aware multi radio access point for operation in TV whitespaces |
US8514802B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2013-08-20 | Nokia Corporation | Method to evaluate fairness of resource allocations in shared bands |
EP2705631B1 (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2022-07-27 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | Spectrum allocation for base station |
US9578515B2 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2017-02-21 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatuses for frequency spectrum sharing |
GB201114079D0 (en) | 2011-06-13 | 2011-09-28 | Neul Ltd | Mobile base station |
GB2491837A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2012-12-19 | Neul Ltd | Whitespace channel allocations in dependence on geographical location and an estimated coverage area of a communications station |
GB2491840B (en) | 2011-06-13 | 2015-09-16 | Neul Ltd | Inter-device communication |
US8929831B2 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2015-01-06 | Nokia Corporation | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for wireless network discovery based on geographical location |
DE102011080380A1 (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for automatically assigning frequency ranges |
US8948801B2 (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2015-02-03 | Spectrum Bridge, Inc. | Systems and methods for provisioning and allocating a commoditized spectrum object |
JP6112420B2 (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2017-04-12 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Radio base station apparatus, radio resource management method, radio resource management program, radio communication apparatus, and radio communication system |
US9130711B2 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2015-09-08 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Mapping signals from a virtual frequency band to physical frequency bands |
US8989286B2 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2015-03-24 | Microsoft Corporation | Mapping a transmission stream in a virtual baseband to a physical baseband with equalization |
US9019909B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2015-04-28 | Nokia Corporation | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for coexistence management |
US8437790B1 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-05-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Location determination for white space utilization |
KR20140113976A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2014-09-25 | 인터디지탈 패튼 홀딩스, 인크 | Methods, apparatus, and systems for dynamic spectrum allocation |
US20130172032A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Controlling Communication Between Whitespace Devices |
WO2013113359A1 (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-08 | Nokia Siemens Networks Oy | Mechanism for controlling a communication by using white space database |
TW201347480A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-11-16 | 內數位專利控股公司 | Architecture of multi-anchor systems |
US8909274B2 (en) | 2012-03-12 | 2014-12-09 | Nokia Corporation | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for resource allocation conflict handling in RF frequency bands |
US9473946B2 (en) | 2012-03-12 | 2016-10-18 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for temporary release of resources in radio networks |
US20140106674A1 (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2014-04-17 | Wojciech Maciej Grohman | Managed spectrum control and Information system |
CN103327500B (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2017-02-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for suppressing interference |
US9826525B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2017-11-21 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Resource management method and apparatuses for device to device communications |
US9544777B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2017-01-10 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | White space utilization |
US9288681B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2016-03-15 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | White space utilization |
US8942701B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 | 2015-01-27 | Nokia Corporation | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for transferring responsibility between network controllers managing coexistence in radio frequency spectrum |
US9094834B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2015-07-28 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | White space utilization |
WO2014054985A1 (en) * | 2012-10-02 | 2014-04-10 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Network node and method for handling spectrum bands in a mobile radio communication system |
WO2014058366A1 (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-17 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Methods and nodes for balancing load on channels |
US9107089B2 (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2015-08-11 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for location based query for interferer discovery in coexistence management system |
KR20140083500A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-04 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Apparatus and method for controlling transmitting power of wireless device |
US9288682B2 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2016-03-15 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | White space utilization |
US9854501B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-12-26 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Radio spectrum utilization |
CN104113843B (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2020-09-11 | 索尼公司 | Spectrum management system and method |
US9386558B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2016-07-05 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Radio channel utilization |
US9392568B2 (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2016-07-12 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Radio channel utilization |
JP6139441B2 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-05-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Wireless communication method, in-vehicle wireless communication device, and program |
US20150296386A1 (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2015-10-15 | Eden Rock Communications, Llc | System and method for spectrum sharing |
DE102015209618A1 (en) | 2015-05-26 | 2016-12-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | transport device |
DE102015209613A1 (en) | 2015-05-26 | 2016-12-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | transport device |
US11758527B2 (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2023-09-12 | Federated Wireless, Inc. | Generalized content-aware spectrum allocation system |
EP3603280B1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2024-05-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | Technique for allocating radio resources in a radio access network |
US10536859B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 | 2020-01-14 | Charter Communications Operating, Llc | Methods and apparatus for dynamic control and utilization of quasi-licensed wireless spectrum |
US10340976B2 (en) | 2017-10-16 | 2019-07-02 | Charter Communications Operating, Llc | Methods and apparatus for coordinated utilization of quasi-licensed wireless spectrum |
US10492204B2 (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2019-11-26 | Charter Communications Operating, Llc | Methods and apparatus for utilization of quasi-licensed wireless spectrum for IoT (Internet-of-Things) services |
US10405192B2 (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2019-09-03 | Charter Communications Operating, Llc | Methods and apparatus for allocation and reconciliation of quasi-licensed wireless spectrum across multiple entities |
US11129171B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2021-09-21 | Charter Communications Operating, Llc | Methods and apparatus for wireless signal maximization and management in a quasi-licensed wireless system |
US11026205B2 (en) | 2019-10-23 | 2021-06-01 | Charter Communications Operating, Llc | Methods and apparatus for device registration in a quasi-licensed wireless system |
US11363466B2 (en) | 2020-01-22 | 2022-06-14 | Charter Communications Operating, Llc | Methods and apparatus for antenna optimization in a quasi-licensed wireless system |
US12089240B2 (en) | 2020-07-06 | 2024-09-10 | Charter Communications Operating, Llc | Methods and apparatus for access node selection and link optimization in quasi-licensed wireless systems |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090080389A1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-03-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Method, system and a data frame for communication in a wireless communication system |
US20090298522A1 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Coexistence and incumbent protection in a cognitive radio network |
US8937872B2 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2015-01-20 | Wi-Lan, Inc. | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network |
Family Cites Families (151)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4750036A (en) | 1986-05-14 | 1988-06-07 | Radio Telcom & Technology, Inc. | Interactive television and data transmission system |
US6334219B1 (en) | 1994-09-26 | 2001-12-25 | Adc Telecommunications Inc. | Channel selection for a hybrid fiber coax network |
US5956642A (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1999-09-21 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | Adaptive channel allocation method and apparatus for multi-slot, multi-carrier communication system |
US6002728A (en) | 1997-04-17 | 1999-12-14 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises Inc. | Synchronization and tracking in a digital communication system |
US6859506B1 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2005-02-22 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Ultra wideband communication system, method, and device with low noise reception |
US6505032B1 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2003-01-07 | Xtremespectrum, Inc. | Carrierless ultra wideband wireless signals for conveying application data |
US6700939B1 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 2004-03-02 | Xtremespectrum, Inc. | Ultra wide bandwidth spread-spectrum communications system |
JP2967193B2 (en) | 1998-03-20 | 1999-10-25 | 郵政省通信総合研究所長 | Information transmission method using orthogonal wavelets |
EP1110155A1 (en) | 1998-09-03 | 2001-06-27 | Conexant Systems, Inc. | A method of frequency domain filtering employing a real to analytic transform |
US6385434B1 (en) | 1998-09-16 | 2002-05-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Wireless access unit utilizing adaptive spectrum exploitation |
AUPP673398A0 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 1998-11-19 | Citr Pty Ltd | Management of terminations in a communications network |
JP2000175110A (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2000-06-23 | Toshiba Corp | Transmitter, receiver and transmitter-receiver |
US6850733B2 (en) | 1998-12-11 | 2005-02-01 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Method for conveying application data with carrierless ultra wideband wireless signals |
US6327300B1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2001-12-04 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for dynamic spectrum allocation |
US6735238B1 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2004-05-11 | Xtremespectrum, Inc. | Ultra wideband communication system, method, and device with low noise pulse formation |
JP4810050B2 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2011-11-09 | フリースケール セミコンダクター インコーポレイテッド | Carrier-free ultra-wideband radio signal for transferring application data |
US7079604B1 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2006-07-18 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Ultrawide bandwidth system and method for fast synchronization using multiple detection arms |
AU2001290932A1 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2002-03-26 | Efficient Spectrum, Inc. | System and method and apparatus for enabling dynamic utilization of all available spectrum and dynamic allocation of spectrum |
WO2002031988A2 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2002-04-18 | Xtremespectrum, Inc. | Ultra wide bandwidth noise cancellation mechanism and method |
US6384773B1 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2002-05-07 | Harris Corporation | Adaptive fragmentation and frequency translation of continuous spectrum waveform to make use of discontinuous unoccupied segments of communication bandwidth |
US7096007B2 (en) | 2001-01-09 | 2006-08-22 | Thomson Licensing | Mobile communication system having a direct and broadcast link |
US7075967B2 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2006-07-11 | Raze Technologies, Inc. | Wireless communication system using block filtering and fast equalization-demodulation and method of operation |
US7027391B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2006-04-11 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | Adaptive bandwidth allocation by wavelet decomposition and energy analysis of network traffic |
US6735264B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2004-05-11 | Rainmaker Technologies, Inc. | Compensation for non-linear distortion in a modem receiver |
US20030081538A1 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2003-05-01 | Walton Jay R. | Multiple-access hybrid OFDM-CDMA system |
JP4027647B2 (en) | 2001-11-22 | 2007-12-26 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | Communication control method, communication control system, mobile device and base station |
US7627056B1 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2009-12-01 | Scientific Research Corporation | System and method for orthogonally multiplexed signal transmission and reception on a non-contiguous spectral basis |
US7450604B2 (en) | 2002-04-20 | 2008-11-11 | Conexant Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for establishing circuit connections over local area networks with frequency selective impairments |
US20040052228A1 (en) | 2002-09-16 | 2004-03-18 | Jose Tellado | Method and system of frequency and time synchronization of a transceiver to signals received by the transceiver |
US7292622B2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2007-11-06 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Method and apparatus for raking in a wireless network |
JP2004336723A (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2004-11-25 | Sharp Corp | Terminal apparatus and center apparatus, control method and control program thereof communication system, and recording medium recording these programs |
US7324036B2 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2008-01-29 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Adaptive, intelligent transform-based analog to information converter method and system |
JP4356392B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2009-11-04 | パナソニック株式会社 | Communication device |
US7352829B2 (en) | 2004-01-12 | 2008-04-01 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Data-aided channel estimation |
KR100922948B1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2009-10-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Pilot-aided channel estimation technique in uplink ofdma system |
CN1993904B (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2011-09-07 | 高通股份有限公司 | Non-frequency translating repeater with detection and media access control |
US8050874B2 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2011-11-01 | Papadimitriou Wanda G | Autonomous remaining useful life estimation |
US7333665B2 (en) | 2004-06-23 | 2008-02-19 | Xtendwave, Inc. | Optimal filter-bank wavelet modulation |
KR20070041551A (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2007-04-18 | 텍사스 인스트루먼츠 인코포레이티드 | Time-domain windowing of multi-band ofdm system to enable spectral sculpting |
US8316088B2 (en) | 2004-07-06 | 2012-11-20 | Nokia Corporation | Peer-to-peer engine for object sharing in communication devices |
JP4619077B2 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2011-01-26 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | Frequency band allocation device |
US8032086B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2011-10-04 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for managing communications |
US9161231B2 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2015-10-13 | Alcatel Lucent | Method and system for wireless networking using coordinated dynamic spectrum access |
JP4407465B2 (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2010-02-03 | ソニー株式会社 | Wireless communication device |
DE102004052899B4 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2011-08-18 | Lantiq Deutschland GmbH, 85579 | Both on sporadic as well as on continuous data communication oriented OFDM transmission method for a WLAN |
US7324832B2 (en) | 2004-12-13 | 2008-01-29 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for a mobile architecture that supports a cellular or wireless network and broadcast utilizing an integrated single chip cellular and broadcast silicon solution |
US7949341B2 (en) | 2004-12-13 | 2011-05-24 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for mobile receiver antenna architecture for world band cellular and broadcasting services |
KR100927292B1 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2009-11-18 | 후지쯔 가부시끼가이샤 | Wireless communication system and wireless communication method |
US20060203794A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Systems and methods for beamforming in multi-input multi-output communication systems |
US20060209890A1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Radiospire Networks, Inc. | System, method and apparatus for placing training information within a digital media frame for wireless transmission |
KR100965699B1 (en) | 2005-03-25 | 2010-06-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Transmitting method and transmitting/receiving apparatus subchannel signal and method for allocating frequency resource in mobile communication system |
JP4555185B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2010-09-29 | パナソニック株式会社 | Transmitter, receiver and control method thereof |
JP2007036491A (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Transmitter, receiver, and control method thereof |
DE602005008949D1 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2008-09-25 | St Microelectronics Srl | Method and system for dynamic spectrum allocation, and corresponding computer program product |
CN101292486B (en) | 2005-09-06 | 2012-10-10 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | Radio transmitting apparatus, radio receiving apparatus, radio transmitting method, radio receiving method, wireless communication system and wireless communication method |
JP2007081860A (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2007-03-29 | Fujitsu Ltd | Data transmission method, terminal device, and computer program |
WO2007031958A2 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2007-03-22 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Spectrum management in dynamic spectrum access wireless systems |
CN1941762B (en) | 2005-09-27 | 2010-09-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for protecting sub-carrier in distributing orthogonal multi-path frequency-division duplicating system |
JP2007104397A (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-19 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Radio base station, communication program and communication method |
JP4635947B2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2011-02-23 | パナソニック株式会社 | Power line communication device, integrated circuit, and power line communication method |
WO2007043827A1 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-19 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Method of frequency channel assignment using effective spectrum sensing in multiple fa system |
US7710919B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2010-05-04 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics | Systems, methods, and apparatuses for spectrum-sensing cognitive radios |
US7668262B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2010-02-23 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics | Systems, methods, and apparatuses for coarse spectrum-sensing modules |
CN101297512A (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2008-10-29 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Transmitting device, receiving device, transmitting method, receiving method and wireless communication system |
US8045655B2 (en) | 2005-11-03 | 2011-10-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for signal detection in a cognitive radio-based wireless communication system |
KR101152460B1 (en) | 2005-11-04 | 2012-07-03 | 인하대학교 산학협력단 | Resource management method and system in a wireless communication system |
KR101202901B1 (en) | 2005-11-05 | 2012-11-19 | 인하대학교 산학협력단 | Method for partitioning resource in a wireless communication system based on cognitive radio scheme |
WO2007053196A1 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-10 | Thomson Licensing | A digital detector for atsc digital television signals |
CN101305628A (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2008-11-12 | 汤姆森特许公司 | Apparatus and method for dynamic frequency selection in OFDM networks |
WO2007060493A2 (en) | 2005-11-24 | 2007-05-31 | Nokia Corporation | Method, device, and system for “listen-before-talk” measurement to enable identifying of one or more unoccupied rf sub-bands |
US7652979B2 (en) | 2005-12-08 | 2010-01-26 | University Of South Florida | Cognitive ultrawideband-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing |
JP2007166068A (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2007-06-28 | Sony Corp | Wireless communication apparatus and wireless communication method |
US7969311B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2011-06-28 | Invisitrack, Inc. | Multi-path mitigation in rangefinding and tracking objects using reduced attenuation RF technology |
JP4364194B2 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2009-11-11 | 株式会社東芝 | Wireless communication system, wireless channel monitoring device, and wireless communication method |
GB0600141D0 (en) | 2006-01-05 | 2006-02-15 | British Broadcasting Corp | Scalable coding of video signals |
US8588115B2 (en) | 2006-01-11 | 2013-11-19 | Thomson Licensing | Apparatus for controlling channel switching in wireless networks |
WO2007094604A1 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-23 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Method for sensing spectrum and arranging quiet period in cognitive radio system, customer premise equipment, base station and superframe structure using the same |
TWI474694B (en) | 2006-02-22 | 2015-02-21 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | System, apparatus, and method for a two-stage mechanism for quiet period management in spectrum agile radio networks |
US20070202867A1 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Waltho Alan E | Facilitating reuse of frequencies by unlicensed cognitive devices |
CN101395944B (en) | 2006-03-01 | 2013-06-05 | 汤姆森许可贸易公司 | Method and apparatus for sensing channel availability in wireless networks |
US7826422B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2010-11-02 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Synchronized, semi-dynamic frequency hopping method for WRAN and other wireless networks |
FI20065269A0 (en) | 2006-04-26 | 2006-04-26 | Nokia Corp | Spectrum utilization in a radio system |
US8023956B2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2011-09-20 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Scheduling methods for connection-based, over-the-air, inter-system communications for wireless networks |
JP4772582B2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2011-09-14 | 株式会社東芝 | Cognitive radio system |
US7869402B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2011-01-11 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method of efficiently utilizing resources in a wireless communication system |
US20080010208A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2008-01-10 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for communication by a secondary user of spectrum |
US7656327B2 (en) | 2006-07-24 | 2010-02-02 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Saturation detection for analog-to-digital converter |
KR101227510B1 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2013-01-30 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Apparatus and method of allocating radio resource dynamically |
EP2078340B1 (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2013-05-22 | LG Electronics Inc. | Method for cognitive radio based communication and method for broadcasting policy information for the same |
US20090323610A1 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2009-12-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Bonding adjacent tv bands, sub-carrier allocation, data burst definition and spread ofdma in a physical layer for 802.22 wran communication systems |
US7848446B2 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2010-12-07 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Reduction of peak-to-average-power ratio in a telecommunications system |
US7860197B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2010-12-28 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics | Spectrum-sensing algorithms and methods |
US20080086749A1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-10 | Netanel Goldberg | Device, method and system of wireless communication of user input to a video source |
US7831414B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2010-11-09 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for detecting a presence of a signal in a communication channel |
US8494546B2 (en) | 2006-10-16 | 2013-07-23 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Method of inter-system communications dynamic spectrum access network systems-logical control connections |
CN101175308B (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2011-11-09 | 株式会社Ntt都科摩 | Ascending link resource scheduling method in honeycomb communication system |
RU2454017C2 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2012-06-20 | Квэлкомм Инкорпорейтед | Shared use of multi-carrier and single-carrier multiplexing schemes for wireless communication |
US8031807B2 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2011-10-04 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Systems and methods for detecting the presence of a transmission signal in a wireless channel |
US8155127B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2012-04-10 | Powerwave Cognition, Inc. | Autonomous dynamic spectrum access |
EP2082492A4 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2015-12-16 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Method and arrangement for pilot pattern based control signalling in mimo systems |
US8879573B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2014-11-04 | Microsoft Corporation | Media access control (MAC) protocol for cognitive wireless networks |
US7876786B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2011-01-25 | Microsoft Corporation | Dynamic time-spectrum block allocation for cognitive radio networks |
US10069591B2 (en) | 2007-01-04 | 2018-09-04 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for distributed spectrum sensing for wireless communication |
US8077676B2 (en) | 2007-01-07 | 2011-12-13 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | System and method for wireless channel sensing |
US7610036B2 (en) | 2007-01-08 | 2009-10-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | Space-time-frequency sensing of RF spectrum in cognitive radios |
US8687563B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 | 2014-04-01 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Simultaneous sensing and data transmission |
JP2010516175A (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2010-05-13 | トムソン ライセンシング | Apparatus and method for sensing ATSC signals at low signal-to-noise ratios |
US8081997B2 (en) | 2007-01-22 | 2011-12-20 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Power and/or data rate control based on pilot channel information |
US7865170B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2011-01-04 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | RF radio and method for monitoring multiple channels to acquire warning alert data |
WO2008090509A2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Quiet period management in wirelses networks |
US7848370B2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2010-12-07 | Telaris Inc. | Electronically phase-locked laser systems |
US20100166053A1 (en) | 2007-01-31 | 2010-07-01 | Sony Corporation | Information processing device and method |
WO2008097253A1 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-14 | Thomson Licensing | Apparatus and method for detecting free atse channels |
KR100878755B1 (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2009-01-14 | 한국과학기술원 | Cognitive radio based air interface method in wireless communication system |
WO2008103773A1 (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2008-08-28 | Haiyun Tang | Digital predistortion for cognitive radio |
US8437314B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2013-05-07 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Radio frequency architecture for spectrum access networks |
US8483329B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2013-07-09 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Robust sensing for detecting signals using correlation |
US8249966B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2012-08-21 | Spectrum Bridge, Inc. | System and method for spectrum management |
US8515473B2 (en) | 2007-03-08 | 2013-08-20 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Cognitive radio methodology, physical layer policies and machine learning |
KR20090120518A (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2009-11-24 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | Fft-based pilot sensing for incumbent signals |
JP2008259106A (en) | 2007-04-09 | 2008-10-23 | Nec Access Technica Ltd | Video/audio transmission system and transmitter, and video/audio transmission method |
US8655283B2 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2014-02-18 | Lingna Holdings Pte., Llc | Cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio systems |
US8041380B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2011-10-18 | Lingna Holdings Pte., Llc | Power control in cognitive radio systems based on spectrum sensing side information |
CN101299875A (en) | 2007-04-30 | 2008-11-05 | 世意法(北京)半导体研发有限责任公司 | Inquiry database for solving question of blind base station operation colliding with protective service |
WO2008140417A1 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-20 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | A method of determining as to whether a received signal includes a data signal |
US8130880B1 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2012-03-06 | Hypress, Inc. | Wideband digital spectrometer |
US8081972B2 (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2011-12-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method and system for sensing discontiguous channels in a wireless network |
FR2916919B1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2009-09-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | OPPORTUNISTIC RADIO TERMINAL |
US8126410B2 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2012-02-28 | Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. | Miniature sub-resonant multi-band VHF-UHF antenna |
US7881726B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2011-02-01 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for spectrum sharing between an incumbent communications system and a cognitive radio system |
US20090060001A1 (en) | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-05 | Waltho Alan E | Cognitive frequency hopping radio |
US8213954B2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2012-07-03 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method for addressing user location errors in a cognitive radio system |
GB0716966D0 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2007-10-10 | Fujitsu Ltd | Wireless communication systems |
US7920462B2 (en) | 2007-10-01 | 2011-04-05 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Amplitude attenuation estimation and recovery systems for OFDM signal used in communication systems |
US8442445B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2013-05-14 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Protocol reference model, security and inter-operability in a cognitive communications system |
US8151311B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2012-04-03 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | System and method of detecting potential video traffic interference |
US8068826B2 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2011-11-29 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling transmit power and incumbent protection in a cognitive radio system |
CN101262702B (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2011-01-12 | 清华大学 | An amalgamation and coexistence method for two time division duplex systems sharing spectrum resources |
TWI474690B (en) | 2008-02-15 | 2015-02-21 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | A radio sensor for detecting wireless microphone signals and a method thereof |
KR20090093800A (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-02 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method of transmitting ACK/NACK signal in wireless communication system |
US8155039B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2012-04-10 | Wi-Lan, Inc. | System and apparatus for cascading and redistributing HDTV signals |
US8428632B2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2013-04-23 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Dynamic allocation of spectrum sensing resources in cognitive radio networks |
US8451917B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2013-05-28 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detection of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals by cognitive radios |
WO2010022156A2 (en) | 2008-08-19 | 2010-02-25 | Shared Spectrum Company | Method and system for dynamic spectrum access using specialty detectors and improved networking |
US8150328B2 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2012-04-03 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for distributed sensing management and control within a cognitive radio network |
US8583067B2 (en) | 2008-09-24 | 2013-11-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Apparatus and method for improved wireless communication reliability and performance in process control systems |
US8107391B2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2012-01-31 | Wi-Lan, Inc. | Systems and etiquette for home gateways using white space |
US8135424B2 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2012-03-13 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method to improve diversity gain in a cooperative spectrum sensing network |
US8305917B2 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2012-11-06 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | System and method for maintaining a backup radio operating parameter list in a secondary use communication system |
US20100309317A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 | 2010-12-09 | Wi-Lan Inc. | Device and method for detecting unused tv spectrum for wireless communication systems |
US8373759B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2013-02-12 | Wi-Lan, Inc. | White space spectrum sensor for television band devices |
-
2010
- 2010-06-04 US US12/793,969 patent/US8937872B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-08 CN CN2010800226756A patent/CN102450069A/en active Pending
- 2010-06-08 JP JP2012513425A patent/JP2012529780A/en active Pending
- 2010-06-08 KR KR1020117031411A patent/KR20120026578A/en active Search and Examination
- 2010-06-08 EP EP10785619.7A patent/EP2441307A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-06-08 WO PCT/CA2010/000856 patent/WO2010142021A1/en active Application Filing
-
2015
- 2015-01-15 US US14/597,486 patent/US20150271682A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090080389A1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-03-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Method, system and a data frame for communication in a wireless communication system |
US20090298522A1 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Coexistence and incumbent protection in a cognitive radio network |
US8937872B2 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2015-01-20 | Wi-Lan, Inc. | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10757712B2 (en) | 2016-02-22 | 2020-08-25 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Restricted frequency band interference cancellation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2012529780A (en) | 2012-11-22 |
US20100309806A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
WO2010142021A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
US8937872B2 (en) | 2015-01-20 |
KR20120026578A (en) | 2012-03-19 |
EP2441307A1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
CN102450069A (en) | 2012-05-09 |
EP2441307A4 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8937872B2 (en) | Peer-to-peer control network for a wireless radio access network | |
KR101509360B1 (en) | Method for generating a coexistence value to define fair resource share between secondary networks | |
US8310991B2 (en) | Method, apparatus and computer program for controlling coexistence between wireless networks | |
EP2209333B1 (en) | Communication system, communication device, program and communication control method | |
US8305917B2 (en) | System and method for maintaining a backup radio operating parameter list in a secondary use communication system | |
AU2010322652B2 (en) | Method and system for selective scalable channel-based station enablement and de-enablement in television band white spaces | |
US8923881B2 (en) | Communication control method, communication device, and program | |
US11533780B2 (en) | Wireless backbone and structured wireless | |
Gonçalves et al. | The value of sensing for TV white spaces | |
US20130157706A1 (en) | Method of making a coexistence decision on hybrid topology | |
US20120108179A1 (en) | Coexistence of heterogeneous secondary networks | |
US20120106364A1 (en) | Heterogeneous coexistence management in secondary networks | |
JP5493078B2 (en) | Cognitive radio system coexistence manager | |
US20220329979A1 (en) | Automated frequency coordination and device location awareness | |
US11937102B2 (en) | Optimizing utilization and performance of one or more unlicensed bands in a network | |
JP2022546902A (en) | Radio backbone and structured radio | |
Martinez Alonso et al. | IoT‐Based Management Platform for Real‐Time Spectrum and Energy Optimization of Broadcasting Networks | |
Amine et al. | Toward enhancing connectivity through TVWS in outdoor rural isolated environment | |
US12052608B2 (en) | Gateway management | |
JP5988515B2 (en) | Wireless communication system and wireless communication method | |
KR20120026990A (en) | System and method for managing resource in communication system | |
Shellhammer et al. | TV white space regulations | |
Patil | Spectrum Utilisation and Management in Cognitive Radio Networks | |
Bedogni | Cooperative Cognitive Wireless Networks over TV White and Gray Spaces | |
Lopez-Perez et al. | 8 Uncoordinated femtocell deployments |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WI-LAN, INC., CANADA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WU, SHIQUAN;YEE, JUNG;REEL/FRAME:034724/0714 Effective date: 20100528 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |