US20150257382A1 - Organic acid antimicrobial compositions - Google Patents
Organic acid antimicrobial compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150257382A1 US20150257382A1 US14/657,680 US201514657680A US2015257382A1 US 20150257382 A1 US20150257382 A1 US 20150257382A1 US 201514657680 A US201514657680 A US 201514657680A US 2015257382 A1 US2015257382 A1 US 2015257382A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- composition
- antimicrobial
- antimicrobial composition
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NVNLLIYOARQCIX-MSHCCFNRSA-N Nisin Chemical compound N1C(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(=C)NC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C(=C/C)/NC(=O)[C@H](N)[C@H](C)CC)CSC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(NCC(=O)N[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](CS[C@@H]2C)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N[C@H](CC=4NC=NC=4)C(=O)N[C@H](CS[C@@H]3C)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=3NC=NC=3)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O)=O)CS[C@@H]2C)=O)=O)CS[C@@H]1C NVNLLIYOARQCIX-MSHCCFNRSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010053775 Nisin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004309 nisin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010297 nisin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004275 glycolic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940068965 polysorbates Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229960004543 anhydrous citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000021472 generally recognized as safe Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920013800 TRITON BG-10 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000589220 Acetobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- OLHLJBVALXTBSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lupulone Natural products CC(C)CC(=O)C1C(=O)C(CC=C(C)C)C(=O)C(CC=C(C)C)(CC=C(C)C)C1=O OLHLJBVALXTBSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010067482 No adverse event Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002141 anti-parasite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005417 food ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSDULPZJLTZEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lupulone Chemical class CC(C)CC(=O)C1=C(O)C(CC=C(C)C)=C(O)C(CC=C(C)C)(CC=C(C)C)C1=O LSDULPZJLTZEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017066 negative regulation of growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001937 non-anti-biotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing keto or thioketo groups as part of a ring, e.g. cyclohexanone, quinone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ketals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/34635—Antibiotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3472—Compounds of undetermined constitution obtained from animals or plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/3508—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stable composition, consisting of GRAS substances, for microbial control, specifically in fermentation processes
- Organic carboxylic acids are generally known to have antimicrobial properties. Recent work has shown synergistic effect between organic carboxylic acids and other types of antimicrobial agent, such as hops acid.
- hops acid such as hops acid.
- US application 2004/0175480 described that the hops beta acids were more effective as antimicrobial agent if they were in combination with food grade acid, such as lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, a potassium ion source, and an antioxidant.
- Antimicrobial organic acids are generally soluble in water at high concentration, but some of the organic acid antimicrobial agents are not soluble in water or salted out in the presence of electrolyte.
- hops acids are known to have limited solubility in water and the antimicrobial compositions of hops acids described in prior arts are low in active even with the use of organic solvents such as glycols or suspension agents.
- One way to combine the different antimicrobial is to spray the liquid antimicrobial agent onto the powdery organic acid or salt, but the resulting composition is not easily dispersible in water.
- wetting or/and emulsifying agents can be formulated into the solid composition, it is more convenient to have liquid products with high active content for handling and use. Products with high active content also save cost in processing, transportation and storage from the sustainability point of view.
- surfactant can help solubilize hydrophobic material in water.
- Surfactants such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,374,614, 7,655,613 and 7,846,889 were utilized to form microemulsions, a thermodynamically stable isotropic liquid, from water-soluble and water-insoluble ingredients.
- microemulsion compositions containing organic acids were also described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,294,364, 6,251,844, 7,030,070 and 7,642,227 as acidic cleaning liquids.
- the organic acid content is low and surfactants used might be prohibited from applications in food or articles in contact with food.
- the invention provides for an aqueous antimicrobial composition
- an aqueous antimicrobial composition comprising: (i) water soluble organic acids or their salts, (ii) antimicrobial agents with limited water-solubility, and (iii) surfactants.
- This invention provides a non-hazardous stable aqueous antimicrobial composition
- a non-hazardous stable aqueous antimicrobial composition comprising water soluble organic acids and antimicrobial agents of limited water-solubility at high active content, preferably greater than 10%, more preferably greater than 20% and most preferably greater than 30% of the total weight of the composition.
- the compositions are formulated with GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) ingredients that are authorized to be used in food and beverage and the compositions are classified as none hazardous materials in terms of flammability and corrosively.
- the compositions are stable as homogeneous liquid for greater than 1 month, preferably greater 3 months and most preferably greater than 6 months at room temperature or below.
- compositions according to the present invention were designed to function as antimicrobial agents, preferably in reducing or controlling the concentration of undesirable micro-organisms in fermentation processes. Such similar compositions could also be used for other purposes such as for anti-parasites or as concentrating cleaning, de-scaling and disinfecting agents.
- the active components of the composition comprise one or more organic acids or their salts, and one or more antimicrobial agents of limited water solubility, with a total active content (organic acid plus antimicrobial agent) greater than 5% by weight, preferably greater than 15% and most preferably greater than 25% based on the total weight of the composition.
- the compositions also comprise one or more surfactant solubilizer.
- anionic surfactants include but not limited to anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants and cationic surfactants.
- Additional ingredients such as neutralizing agent, solvent can also be added to increase the total active content without destabilizing the composition.
- Functional agents could also be added such as chelating agents, sequestrants, corrosion inhibitor, enzymes, surface modification agents, dyes and fragrances.
- the water soluble organic acids preferred for use in the invention are selected from water-soluble organic mono- and polycarboxylic acids with two to eight carbon atoms in the molecule and optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.
- Suitable classes are alkanoic acids, hydroxyalkanioc acids, alkyl polycarboxylic acids and hydroxyalkyl polycarboxylic acids.
- Preferred herein are mono- and polycarboxylic acids which have a pKa value, related to the first dissociation stage of less than about 6.
- acetic acid adipic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glutaric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, methanesulphonic acid, oxalic acid, propionic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof as well as their salts.
- a preferred acid is citric acid or its salt.
- hops acids is not an organic acid.
- the water soluble organic acid content is from 5 to 70%, from 5 to 60%, from 5 to 50%, preferably 15 to 60%, most preferably 25-50% by weight within the total composition.
- Suitable antimicrobial agents of limited solubility include hops acids or nisin.
- hops acids as used herein includes hops beta acids, hops alpha acids, their isomerized or derivatized products and their salts. It also includes hops extracts such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,506.
- the chemical identities of alpha and beta hops acids include cohumulones, humulones, adhumulones, colupulones, lupulones and adlupulones. These all are included in the term “hops acids” as use herein. Hops acids can be prepared by extraction and purification from natural hops or by chemical synthesis. A preferred antimicrobial agent is hops acids.
- the hydrophobic antimicrobial component preferably hops acids, active contents are from 0.05 to 15%, preferably 0.1 to 10%, most preferably 0.5-5% by weight within the total composition.
- the surfactant solubilizing or emulsifying agents for antimicrobial components of low water-solubility include nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants.
- Surfactants described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,846,889, 7,030,070, 6,251,844 and 5,294,364 are herein incorporated by reference.
- Preferred surfactants are those authorized to be used as food and pharmaceutical ingredients or in articles with potential food contact.
- surfactants include polysorbates (polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters) such as the Tweens (Croda Inc), mono or dialkyl sulfosuccinates such as Aerosol OT (Cytec), alkyl polyglucosides such as Glucopons (BASF) and alkyl sulfates.
- Preferred surfactants for use in the invention include polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate and alkyl polyglucosides.
- the composition can contain one or more surfactants from one single group or from different groups of surfactants.
- the amount of one or more surfactants in the compositions is from 0.1 to 30%, preferably 1 to 20%, most preferably 2-15% by weight within the total composition.
- a limited amount of organic solvent or co-surfactants can also be used so that the amount of surfactant can be reduced.
- examples are fatty alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, glycols or polyhydric alcohol of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol; fatty acids or diacids such as butanoic acid, adipic acid, octanoic acid.
- Preferred co-surfactants include ethanol, propylene glycol and adipic acid.
- the composition may contain one or more co-surfactants or organic solvents from one single group or from different types.
- the amount of the one or more co-surfactants or organic solvents in the composition is from 0.1 to 30%, preferably 1 to 20%, most preferably 2-10% by weight within the composition.
- the organic acid can be neutralized totally or partially with alkali or alkali earth hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, or organic amines. Examples are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonia.
- the degree of neutralization depends on the type and the amount of organic acids. Typically, the composition should be neutralized to pH above 2 to reduce the corrosiveness of the organic acid, but no more than pH 4 to retain the highest active content possible. However, for high stability of the composition, neutralization to alkaline pH is preferred.
- the composition is preferred to be formulated as a micro-emulsion, a thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid mixture of oil and water containing surfactant preferably with a co-surfactant or solvent.
- the organic acid is first dissolved in water and neutralized to the desired pH, and then mixed with at least one surfactant, at least one co-surfactant and at least one antimicrobial agent of limited water-solubility. It is preferred that the hydrophobic antimicrobial agent is first dissolved in at least one surfactant and at least one co-surfactant or at least one solvent to make a pre-blend, which is then diluted with neutralized organic acid aqueous solution.
- the antimicrobial composition is authorized as food ingredients or granted GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status by FDA. It is also preferred the composition is none hazardous in terms of corrosiveness and flammability.
- compositions provide a powerful, non-antibiotic, antimicrobial treatment.
- the composition can be used for reducing undesirable microorganism concentration, promoting desirable microorganism propagation, and increasing desirable microorganism efficiency in an aqueous system.
- the “undesirable” microorganisms intended to be reduced are those that compete for nutrients with the desirable microorganisms that promote the desired fermentation processes.
- Unwanted or undesirable microbes in fermentation include the lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) and the acetic acid producing bacteria of which Lactobacillus and Acetobacter are prominent representatives. Any microbe that competes for the fermentable substrate, denying it to the intended fermenting organism and thus reducing yields can be considered undesirable.
- the hops acid extract and organic acid employed in the present method do not detrimentally affect the growth and viability of desirable, fermentation-promoting microorganisms, but does eliminate or suppress the growth of undesirable microorganisms that interfere with the fermentation process. Moreover, the elimination or suppression of undesirable microorganisms has a favorable effect on the growth and viability of desirable microorganisms.
- the method of controlling undesirable microorganism concentration in an aqueous solution employed in a fermentation process comprising the steps of: introducing a fermentable carbohydrate to an aqueous solution, introducing at least one yeast to the aqueous solution, and introducing the composition containing (a) the water soluble organic acids or their salts, (b) the antimicrobial agents with limited water-solubility, and (c) the surfactants to the aqueous solution.
- the composition is added to the fermentation system in order to control the undesirable microorganism concentration such that the amount of the organic acid in the fermentation system is from 12500 ppm down to 100 ppm, from 6250 down to 100 ppm, or from 4000 down to 100 ppm, or from 4000 down to 200 ppm. Generally at least 100 ppm or at least 200 ppm or at least 300 ppm of organic acid is used.
- the composition is added to the fermentation system such that the amount of the antimicrobial agent with limited water-solubility in the fermentation system is from 0.5 ppm to 200 ppm, or from 0.5 ppm to 150 ppm, or from 2 to 150 ppm, or from 2 to 100 ppm.
- the amount of hops acid used in is at least 2 ppm or at least 5 ppm.
- Tween 80 polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate
- 10.82 parts absolute ethanol, 3.74 parts and hops acid, potassium salt (30% active acid)
- 3.15 parts in the order described to give a homogeneous liquid.
- dissolve citric acid anhydrous 34.49 parts in demineralized water 34.49 part, and the cold solution was then neutralized by adding ammonium hydroxide of 28-30% ammonia content, 6.02 parts.
- the partially neutralized citric acid was then added to the organic phase containing hops acid, resulting in an isotropic liquid of about 35% active combined antimicrobial agents.
- the composition was found stable at 4° C. without crystallization of citrate salt and stayed as homogeneous for 1 month at 50° C. No negative effect was observed as an antimicrobial agent with the formulation.
- Example #1 The same procedure as in Example #1 was applied with the charges listed in Table 1 to yield a composition of 38% active combined active antimicrobial agents.
- the composition was found stable for at 4° C. and room temperature without crystallization of citrate salt and stayed as homogeneous for 37 days at 50° C. (Table 1). Again, no adverse effects were observed in antimicrobial properties with the formulation.
- Three GRAS status surfactants that is, Tween 80, Aerosol OT-70PG (Cytec), and alkyl polyglucoside of Triton BG-10 (Dow) or Glucopon 215 UP (BASF), were formulated in these Examples according to charges listed in Table 2.
- Citric acid was first dissolved in water and then partially neutralized with ammonia.
- the surfactants, Tween 80, Aerosol OT-70PG, Triton BG-10 or Glucopon 215 UP were added as listed, followed by hops acids and ethanol. After thorough mixing, a homogeneous liquid was always obtained with shelf life listed in Table 2.
- potassium hydroxide was used as neutralizing agent.
- the same procedure as Examples #3-10 was followed with charges by weight listed in Table 3.
- the active contents of antimicrobial agents were increased to above 40%, but the shelf life was limited. The instability was thought to be caused by the acid-liable surfactant solubilizers.
- potassium hydroxide was used to neutralize the acids toward alkaline pH for high stability.
- Alternative co-surfactants of non-flammable propylene and/or adipic acid were also used as shown in Table 4 of these compositions. The same procedure as Examples #3-10 was followed with charges by weight listed in Table 4. No hydrolysis of the surfactants used was expected, and no destabilization and little discoloration of hops acid were observed upon aging for more than 6 weeks at 4, 22 and 50° C.
- propylene glycol was added to mitigate the flammability of the compositions (Table 7). But propylene glycol is not a good solvent for citric acid, the active content is limited.
- the endpoint used to measure levels of antimicrobial activity is known as the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, or MIC. This is the lowest concentration of a substance or substances which can achieve complete inhibition of growth.
- Example 1 40:1 L. plantarum MRS Broth 781
- Example 1 40:1 S. aureus M9YG 781-3125 TSB 391-1563
- Example 1 40:1 B. subtilis M9YG 781-1563 TSB 781-3125
- Example 2 80:1 L. plantarum MRS Broth 781-1563
- Example 11 30:1 L. plantarum MRS Broth 1722
- Example 14 30:1 L. plantarum MRS Broth 2365
- Example 16 30:1 L. plantarum MRS Broth 781-1563
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims the priority of U.S. provisional application No. 61/953,416 filed Mar. 14, 2014, the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- The present invention relates to a stable composition, consisting of GRAS substances, for microbial control, specifically in fermentation processes
- Organic carboxylic acids are generally known to have antimicrobial properties. Recent work has shown synergistic effect between organic carboxylic acids and other types of antimicrobial agent, such as hops acid. For example, US application 2004/0175480 described that the hops beta acids were more effective as antimicrobial agent if they were in combination with food grade acid, such as lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, a potassium ion source, and an antioxidant.
- Antimicrobial organic acids are generally soluble in water at high concentration, but some of the organic acid antimicrobial agents are not soluble in water or salted out in the presence of electrolyte. As an example, hops acids are known to have limited solubility in water and the antimicrobial compositions of hops acids described in prior arts are low in active even with the use of organic solvents such as glycols or suspension agents.
- One way to combine the different antimicrobial is to spray the liquid antimicrobial agent onto the powdery organic acid or salt, but the resulting composition is not easily dispersible in water. Although wetting or/and emulsifying agents can be formulated into the solid composition, it is more convenient to have liquid products with high active content for handling and use. Products with high active content also save cost in processing, transportation and storage from the sustainability point of view.
- It is known that surfactant can help solubilize hydrophobic material in water. Surfactants such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,374,614, 7,655,613 and 7,846,889 were utilized to form microemulsions, a thermodynamically stable isotropic liquid, from water-soluble and water-insoluble ingredients. Such microemulsion compositions containing organic acids were also described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,294,364, 6,251,844, 7,030,070 and 7,642,227 as acidic cleaning liquids. The organic acid content is low and surfactants used might be prohibited from applications in food or articles in contact with food.
- It is desirable to have a single product with all synergistic antimicrobial components in a stable concentrated form with water as the solvent. It is much preferred that the antimicrobial product is of little concern in terms of flammability, corrosivity, toxicity and regulatory requirements.
- The invention provides for an aqueous antimicrobial composition comprising: (i) water soluble organic acids or their salts, (ii) antimicrobial agents with limited water-solubility, and (iii) surfactants.
- This invention provides a non-hazardous stable aqueous antimicrobial composition comprising water soluble organic acids and antimicrobial agents of limited water-solubility at high active content, preferably greater than 10%, more preferably greater than 20% and most preferably greater than 30% of the total weight of the composition. The compositions are formulated with GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) ingredients that are authorized to be used in food and beverage and the compositions are classified as none hazardous materials in terms of flammability and corrosively. The compositions are stable as homogeneous liquid for greater than 1 month, preferably greater 3 months and most preferably greater than 6 months at room temperature or below.
- The compositions according to the present invention were designed to function as antimicrobial agents, preferably in reducing or controlling the concentration of undesirable micro-organisms in fermentation processes. Such similar compositions could also be used for other purposes such as for anti-parasites or as concentrating cleaning, de-scaling and disinfecting agents. The active components of the composition comprise one or more organic acids or their salts, and one or more antimicrobial agents of limited water solubility, with a total active content (organic acid plus antimicrobial agent) greater than 5% by weight, preferably greater than 15% and most preferably greater than 25% based on the total weight of the composition. The compositions also comprise one or more surfactant solubilizer. These include but not limited to anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants and cationic surfactants. Additional ingredients such as neutralizing agent, solvent can also be added to increase the total active content without destabilizing the composition. Functional agents could also be added such as chelating agents, sequestrants, corrosion inhibitor, enzymes, surface modification agents, dyes and fragrances.
- The water soluble organic acids preferred for use in the invention are selected from water-soluble organic mono- and polycarboxylic acids with two to eight carbon atoms in the molecule and optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy groups. Suitable classes are alkanoic acids, hydroxyalkanioc acids, alkyl polycarboxylic acids and hydroxyalkyl polycarboxylic acids. Preferred herein are mono- and polycarboxylic acids which have a pKa value, related to the first dissociation stage of less than about 6. These include, for example, acetic acid, adipic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glutaric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, methanesulphonic acid, oxalic acid, propionic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof as well as their salts. A preferred acid is citric acid or its salt. For purposes of this invention hops acids is not an organic acid.
- The water soluble organic acid content is from 5 to 70%, from 5 to 60%, from 5 to 50%, preferably 15 to 60%, most preferably 25-50% by weight within the total composition.
- Suitable antimicrobial agents of limited solubility include hops acids or nisin. The term “hops acids” as used herein includes hops beta acids, hops alpha acids, their isomerized or derivatized products and their salts. It also includes hops extracts such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,506. The chemical identities of alpha and beta hops acids include cohumulones, humulones, adhumulones, colupulones, lupulones and adlupulones. These all are included in the term “hops acids” as use herein. Hops acids can be prepared by extraction and purification from natural hops or by chemical synthesis. A preferred antimicrobial agent is hops acids.
- The hydrophobic antimicrobial component, preferably hops acids, active contents are from 0.05 to 15%, preferably 0.1 to 10%, most preferably 0.5-5% by weight within the total composition.
- The surfactant solubilizing or emulsifying agents for antimicrobial components of low water-solubility include nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants. Surfactants described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,846,889, 7,030,070, 6,251,844 and 5,294,364 are herein incorporated by reference. Preferred surfactants are those authorized to be used as food and pharmaceutical ingredients or in articles with potential food contact. These surfactants include polysorbates (polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters) such as the Tweens (Croda Inc), mono or dialkyl sulfosuccinates such as Aerosol OT (Cytec), alkyl polyglucosides such as Glucopons (BASF) and alkyl sulfates. Preferred surfactants for use in the invention include polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate and alkyl polyglucosides.
- The composition can contain one or more surfactants from one single group or from different groups of surfactants. The amount of one or more surfactants in the compositions is from 0.1 to 30%, preferably 1 to 20%, most preferably 2-15% by weight within the total composition.
- A limited amount of organic solvent or co-surfactants can also be used so that the amount of surfactant can be reduced. Examples are fatty alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, glycols or polyhydric alcohol of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol; fatty acids or diacids such as butanoic acid, adipic acid, octanoic acid. Preferred co-surfactants include ethanol, propylene glycol and adipic acid.
- The composition may contain one or more co-surfactants or organic solvents from one single group or from different types. The amount of the one or more co-surfactants or organic solvents in the composition is from 0.1 to 30%, preferably 1 to 20%, most preferably 2-10% by weight within the composition.
- The organic acid can be neutralized totally or partially with alkali or alkali earth hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, or organic amines. Examples are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonia. The degree of neutralization depends on the type and the amount of organic acids. Typically, the composition should be neutralized to pH above 2 to reduce the corrosiveness of the organic acid, but no more than pH 4 to retain the highest active content possible. However, for high stability of the composition, neutralization to alkaline pH is preferred.
- The composition is preferred to be formulated as a micro-emulsion, a thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid mixture of oil and water containing surfactant preferably with a co-surfactant or solvent. The organic acid is first dissolved in water and neutralized to the desired pH, and then mixed with at least one surfactant, at least one co-surfactant and at least one antimicrobial agent of limited water-solubility. It is preferred that the hydrophobic antimicrobial agent is first dissolved in at least one surfactant and at least one co-surfactant or at least one solvent to make a pre-blend, which is then diluted with neutralized organic acid aqueous solution.
- It is preferred all components of the antimicrobial composition are authorized as food ingredients or granted GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status by FDA. It is also preferred the composition is none hazardous in terms of corrosiveness and flammability.
- The compositions provide a powerful, non-antibiotic, antimicrobial treatment. The composition can be used for reducing undesirable microorganism concentration, promoting desirable microorganism propagation, and increasing desirable microorganism efficiency in an aqueous system.
- In the foregoing method, the “undesirable” microorganisms intended to be reduced are those that compete for nutrients with the desirable microorganisms that promote the desired fermentation processes. Unwanted or undesirable microbes in fermentation include the lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) and the acetic acid producing bacteria of which Lactobacillus and Acetobacter are prominent representatives. Any microbe that competes for the fermentable substrate, denying it to the intended fermenting organism and thus reducing yields can be considered undesirable. In this regard, the hops acid extract and organic acid employed in the present method do not detrimentally affect the growth and viability of desirable, fermentation-promoting microorganisms, but does eliminate or suppress the growth of undesirable microorganisms that interfere with the fermentation process. Moreover, the elimination or suppression of undesirable microorganisms has a favorable effect on the growth and viability of desirable microorganisms.
- The method of controlling undesirable microorganism concentration in an aqueous solution employed in a fermentation process comprising the steps of: introducing a fermentable carbohydrate to an aqueous solution, introducing at least one yeast to the aqueous solution, and introducing the composition containing (a) the water soluble organic acids or their salts, (b) the antimicrobial agents with limited water-solubility, and (c) the surfactants to the aqueous solution.
- The composition is added to the fermentation system in order to control the undesirable microorganism concentration such that the amount of the organic acid in the fermentation system is from 12500 ppm down to 100 ppm, from 6250 down to 100 ppm, or from 4000 down to 100 ppm, or from 4000 down to 200 ppm. Generally at least 100 ppm or at least 200 ppm or at least 300 ppm of organic acid is used. The composition is added to the fermentation system such that the amount of the antimicrobial agent with limited water-solubility in the fermentation system is from 0.5 ppm to 200 ppm, or from 0.5 ppm to 150 ppm, or from 2 to 150 ppm, or from 2 to 100 ppm. Generally the amount of hops acid used in is at least 2 ppm or at least 5 ppm.
- Mixing Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), 10.82 parts, absolute ethanol, 3.74 parts and hops acid, potassium salt (30% active acid), 3.15 parts in the order described to give a homogeneous liquid. In a separate vessel, dissolve citric acid, anhydrous 34.49 parts in demineralized water 34.49 part, and the cold solution was then neutralized by adding ammonium hydroxide of 28-30% ammonia content, 6.02 parts. The partially neutralized citric acid was then added to the organic phase containing hops acid, resulting in an isotropic liquid of about 35% active combined antimicrobial agents. The composition was found stable at 4° C. without crystallization of citrate salt and stayed as homogeneous for 1 month at 50° C. No negative effect was observed as an antimicrobial agent with the formulation.
-
TABLE 1 Compositions of Citric and Hops Acid (percent by weight) Example # 1 2 Citric Acid, anhydrous 34.49 37.84 D. Water 41.78 45.84 Ethanol, 99.5%, absolute 3.74 2.05 Tween 80 10.82 5.94 Ammonium hydroxide, 28-30% NH3 6.02 6.60 HOPS Acid, 30% 3.15 1.73 Stability: F/T (−20° C.) Stable as liquid Stable as liquid 4° C. (crystallization) >46 days >46 days 22° C. >76 days >76 days 32° C. >70 days >70 days 50° C. (liquid phase separation) 30 days 37 days - The same procedure as in Example #1 was applied with the charges listed in Table 1 to yield a composition of 38% active combined active antimicrobial agents. The composition was found stable for at 4° C. and room temperature without crystallization of citrate salt and stayed as homogeneous for 37 days at 50° C. (Table 1). Again, no adverse effects were observed in antimicrobial properties with the formulation.
- Three GRAS status surfactants, that is, Tween 80, Aerosol OT-70PG (Cytec), and alkyl polyglucoside of Triton BG-10 (Dow) or Glucopon 215 UP (BASF), were formulated in these Examples according to charges listed in Table 2. Citric acid was first dissolved in water and then partially neutralized with ammonia. The surfactants, Tween 80, Aerosol OT-70PG, Triton BG-10 or Glucopon 215 UP were added as listed, followed by hops acids and ethanol. After thorough mixing, a homogeneous liquid was always obtained with shelf life listed in Table 2.
-
TABLE 2 Compositions of Citric and Hops Acid (percent by weight) Example # 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Citric Acid, anhydrous 34.49 33.77 32.33 33.37 34.18 33.56 33.35 34.49 32.03 D. Water 41.78 40.90 39.15 40.41 41.38 40.64 40.40 41.78 38.99 Ethanol, 99.5%, absolute 4.15 4.19 3.86 3.98 4.13 4.07 4.16 4.30 3.34 Tween 80 11.62 10.16 2.72 10.25 11.82 Aerosol OT-70PG 4.94 1.48 10.86 1.75 1.47 Triton BG-10 5.48 10.68 5.20 1.08 10.01 Glucopon 215 UP 11.70 4.57 Aq. NH3, 28-30% 6.02 5.90 5.65 5.83 5.97 5.86 5.83 6.02 5.62 HOPS Acid, 30% 3.14 3.08 2.96 3.04 3.11 3.14 3.10 3.16 3.63 Stability: F/T (−20° C.) liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid stable stable stable 4° C. (crystallization), days >43 >70 >43 >70 >70 >70 >56 >56 >36 22° C., days 20 d >70 d 20 d >70 d >70 d >70 d >56 d >56 d >36 50° C. (phase separation), days 2 36 2 54 70 30 34 56 >36 - In these examples potassium hydroxide was used as neutralizing agent. The same procedure as Examples #3-10 was followed with charges by weight listed in Table 3. The active contents of antimicrobial agents were increased to above 40%, but the shelf life was limited. The instability was thought to be caused by the acid-liable surfactant solubilizers.
- In these examples potassium hydroxide was used to neutralize the acids toward alkaline pH for high stability. Alternative co-surfactants of non-flammable propylene and/or adipic acid were also used as shown in Table 4 of these compositions. The same procedure as Examples #3-10 was followed with charges by weight listed in Table 4. No hydrolysis of the surfactants used was expected, and no destabilization and little discoloration of hops acid were observed upon aging for more than 6 weeks at 4, 22 and 50° C.
-
TABLE 3 Compositions of Citric and Hops Acid (percent by weight) Example # 12 13 D. Water 39.47 41.96 Aerosol OT-75 (in ethanol) 3.78 2.87 Tween 80 5.27 2.81 Citric acid, anhydrous 39.39 41.47 45% KOH 8.50 9.00 30% Isoalpha Acid, Extract 3.59 1.89 Stability: F/T (−20° C.) Stay as liquid Stay as liquid 4° C. >2 month >2 month 22° C. 10 weeks 4 weeks 50° C. <24 hr <24 hr -
TABLE 4 Alkaline Compositions of Citric and Hops Acid (percent by weight) Example # 14 15 16 Citric Acid 25.30 25.76 25.76 Adipic Acid 3.22 3.23 3.20 Potasium Hydroxide, 45% 53.90 54.78 54.80 Glucopon 215UP, 62% 11.80 10.40 10.40 Hops acid, 30% 2.87 2.92 2.92 Ethanol, 99.5% 2.91 2.91 Propylene glycol 2.92 pH 8.80 8.88 9.13 - In these examples, ethanol was used as solvent to dissolve both hops acid and citric acid in water (Table 6). However, this composition is considered flammable due to the presence of large amount of flammable solvent.
-
TABLE 6 Hops/Citric Acid Compositions in Ethanol/Water (percent by weight) Example # 17 18 Ethanol, 99.5% absolute 35.08 32.79 Citric acid, anhydrous 39.50 40.82 30% Isoalpha Acid, Extract 3.60 1.66 D. Water 21.82 24.53 - In these samples, propylene glycol was added to mitigate the flammability of the compositions (Table 7). But propylene glycol is not a good solvent for citric acid, the active content is limited.
-
TABLE 7 Hops/Citric Acid Compositions in Propylene Glycol/Ethanol/Water (percent by weight) Example # 19 20 Ethanol, 99.5% absolute 10.90 10.90 Propylene glycol 45.18 42.50 Citric acid, anhydrous 22.93 24.80 30% Isoalpha Acid, Extract 2.09 1.13 D. Water 18.90 20.67 - In the following examples, the endpoint used to measure levels of antimicrobial activity is known as the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, or MIC. This is the lowest concentration of a substance or substances which can achieve complete inhibition of growth.
- Five milliliters of growth medium were inoculated with the appropriate test microbe and were incubated with shaking overnight. These overnight cultures (ON) were diluted 1:100 (100 μl of ON into 10 mL PBS). Corning 96-well microtiter plates were used and prepared by dispensing 252 μl of media into column 1 and 140 μl into columns 2-12. Next, 28 μl of the formulation was dispensed into column 1 to achieve a 1:10 dilution and the highest concentration of the composition to be tested. Column 1 was mixed by pipetting and twofold serial dilutions were carried out across the plate (140 μl of media+composition transferred each time). Column 12 was used as a composition-free control, therefore 140 μl of media+formulation from column 11 was removed to waste. Finally, 5 μl of bacteria was added to each well, yielding ˜5×105 cfu/ml. The 96 well plates were covered, sealed with parafilm and incubated at the appropriate temperature for 18-24 hours. The wells were scored as positive or negative for growth based on a visual examination for turbid wells, with turbidity being an indicator of growth. The lowest concentration of antimicrobial which completely inhibits growth (e.g., a clear well) is designated the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration.
-
TABLE 8 MIC Values MIC Citric Test Growth (ppm Formulation Acid:Hops Acid Microbe Media product) Example 1 40:1 L. plantarum MRS Broth 781 Example 1 40:1 S. aureus M9YG 781-3125 TSB 391-1563 Example 1 40:1 B. subtilis M9YG 781-1563 TSB 781-3125 Example 2 80:1 L. plantarum MRS Broth 781-1563 Example 11 30:1 L. plantarum MRS Broth 1722 Example 14 30:1 L. plantarum MRS Broth 2365 Example 16 30:1 L. plantarum MRS Broth 781-1563
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US20170044466A1 (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-02-16 | Gregory van Buskirk | Cleaning Formulations for Chemically Sensitive Individuals: Compositions and Methods |
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BR112020001282A2 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-07-28 | Unilever Nv | antimicrobial composition, method of cleaning or disinfecting a surface and uses of a composition |
IT201700109583A1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-03-29 | Piante Acqua Natura Srl P A N | NEW LYMPH-COMPATIBLE FORMULATE |
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US9603362B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
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