US20150245268A1 - Traffic Steering Between WLAN and Cellular Networks - Google Patents
Traffic Steering Between WLAN and Cellular Networks Download PDFInfo
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- US20150245268A1 US20150245268A1 US14/419,814 US201414419814A US2015245268A1 US 20150245268 A1 US20150245268 A1 US 20150245268A1 US 201414419814 A US201414419814 A US 201414419814A US 2015245268 A1 US2015245268 A1 US 2015245268A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
- H04W36/22—Performing reselection for specific purposes for handling the traffic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/08—Reselecting an access point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
- H04W36/18—Performing reselection for specific purposes for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/18—Selecting a network or a communication service
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- H04W76/021—
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- H04W76/023—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
- H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
- H04W76/14—Direct-mode setup
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/02—Access restriction performed under specific conditions
- H04W48/06—Access restriction performed under specific conditions based on traffic conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
- H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
Definitions
- Licensed spectrum used for 3GPP cellular networks is a premium commodity with a higher per bit cost compared to the unlicensed WLAN spectrum. Therefore, network operators are increasingly utilizing WLANs as a data offload strategy for 3GPP cellular networks. Therefore, dual mode UEs offered by most network operators dual exhibit a marked preference for connecting via a WLAN for data services rather than a 3GGP network when a WLAN is available.
Abstract
A method and apparatus are disclosed for steering a UE (103) from a WLAN (105) to a cellular network (106) with an overlapping coverage area. The UE (103) is connected to the WLAN (105) through an access point (AP) (102). The AP (102) suppresses the broadcast of a network identifier of the WLAN (105) and de-authenticates the UE (103) from the WLAN (105).
After de-authenticating the UE (103), the AP (102) ignores probe requests from the UE (103). The UE (103) will conclude that the WLAN (105) is no longer available and will connect to the cellular network. From the perspective of the UE (103), the suppression of the network makes it appear to the UE (103) that it has moved out of range of the AP (102) so the UE (103) will not “blacklist” the WLAN (105). The suppression of the network ID will not impact UEs not targeted, which will continue to communicate via WLAN (105) even when the network ID is suppressed.
Description
- This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/943,071, filed Feb. 21, 2014, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
- The present disclosure relates generally to connection management for dual mode User equipments (UEs) and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus for steering UEs between a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and cellular networks.
- Most UEs currently on the market are dual mode UEs with the ability to connect to both cellular networks and WLANs. For example, a dual mode UE may be capable of connecting to either a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) cellular network, such as a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network, or to a WLAN, such as a WiFi network based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.
- UEs as described herein may comprise or represent any device used for wireless communications. Examples of user equipment that may be used in certain embodiments of the described wireless and mobile networks are wireless devices such as mobile phones, mobile terminals, terminals, stations (e.g. in the IEEE 802.11 standard a UE may be a station (STA)), smart phones, portable computing devices such as lap tops, handheld devices, tablets, net books, computers, personal digital assistants, machine-to-machine devices such as sensors or meters (e.g. wireless devices in which there is no end user associated with the device), and other wireless communication devices that may connect to wireless and/or mobile networks.
- Licensed spectrum used for 3GPP cellular networks is a premium commodity with a higher per bit cost compared to the unlicensed WLAN spectrum. Therefore, network operators are increasingly utilizing WLANs as a data offload strategy for 3GPP cellular networks. Therefore, dual mode UEs offered by most network operators dual exhibit a marked preference for connecting via a WLAN for data services rather than a 3GGP network when a WLAN is available.
- Due to the inherent preference for WLANs over 3GPP cellular networks, steering a UE to connect to a WLAN is not difficult. However, most UEs dislike moving from a WLAN to 3GPP cellular network for their data service even when the user experience with the WLAN is poor. In such situations, de-authentication techniques can be used to steer a UE from the WLAN and to a 3GPP cellular network. However, forcing UEs to steer away from the WLAN using traditional de-authentication techniques may result in the UEs “blacklisting” the WLAN's Service Set Identifier (SSID). When the UE is de-authenticated, the WLAN may still be visible to the UE and the UE may attempt to reconnect to the WLAN. If the UE is de-authenticated and subsequent attempts to reconnect are ignored, the UE may “blacklist” the WLAN. The UE may also blacklist if the UE is de-authenticated three times within a five minute time window. Once a UE “blacklists” a WLAN, the UE will consider the WLAN as unavailable. The
- UE will exclude the “blacklisted” WLAN when subsequently attempting to connect to a communication network even if the “blacklisted” WLAN is available. The UE will not attempt to connect back to the “blacklisted” WLAN until one of the following events happens:
- (1) the user explicitly asks for the UE to connect to the “blacklisted” network;
- (2) the UE is placed (or automatically goes) in a sleep mode and is then waken; or
- (3) a new application is invoked that requires data connection.
- The network operator has no control over UE access selection making it difficult to steer the UE back to the WLAN. The operator's inability to control access selection results in sub-optimal utilization of network resources, potential loss of revenue, and poor user experience in congested networks. Thus, for an operator who has deployed both 3GPP cellular networks and WLANs which provide overlapping coverage, it is highly desirable to control which UEs connect to which networks for data services.
- The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for steering UEs connected to a WLAN from the WLAN to a cellular network or other network with an overlapping coverage area. To steer a connected UE from a WLAN to a cellular network, the access point (AP) in the WLAN de-authenticates the UE and suppresses the transmission of the SSID to avoid “blacklisting.” Probe requests from the UE are ignored. From the perspective of the UE, the suppression of the SSID makes it appear to the UE that it has moved out of range of the AP so the UE will not “blacklist” the WLAN. In some embodiments, the AP in the WLAN can be preconfigured to always suppress transmission of the SSID. UEs may be pre-programmed with or provided settings for connecting to the “hidden” access node. In other embodiments, the transmission of the SSID can be dynamically suppressed to steer UEs away from the WLAN as needed depending on congestion levels or other factors.
- Exemplary embodiments of the disclosure comprise methods implemented by an access point (AP) in a WLAN for steering a connected UE from the WLAN to a cellular network with an overlapping coverage area. In one embodiment of the method, the AP suppresses the broadcast of the network identifier (ID) for the WLAN and de-authenticates the UE. After de-authenticating the UE, the AP ignores probe requests from the UE to steer the UE to the cellular network.
- In some embodiments of the method, the suppressing comprises suppressing the broadcast of the unique network identifier of the WLAN in the entire WLAN coverage area.
- In some embodiments of the method, the suppressing comprises suppressing the broadcast of the unique network identifier of the WLAN in a part of the WLAN coverage area.
- In some embodiments of the method, the suppressing comprises dynamically suppressing the broadcast of the unique network identifier during one time period and enabling the broadcast of the unique network identifier during another time period.
- In some embodiments of the method, the unique network identifier of the WLAN comprises a Service Set Identifier (SSID) of the WLAN.
- In some embodiments of the method, the suppressing comprises setting the length of a Service Set Identifier (SSID) Information Element (IE) to be zero in beacon frames sent by the AP.
- In some embodiments of the method, the de-authenticating comprises sending a reason code to the UE indicating the UE is not within the coverage area of the WLAN.
- In some embodiments of the method, the WLAN and the cellular network are operated by the same network operator.
- Some embodiments of the method the de-authenticating is performed responsive to instructions from a network node in the WLAN.
- Other embodiments of the disclosure comprise an AP in a WLAN configured to steer a UE from the WLAN to a cellular network with an overlapping coverage area, wherein the UE is connected to the WLAN through the AP. In one embodiment of the AP, the AP comprises a transceiver circuit and a processing circuit. The transceiver circuit is configured to communicate with the UE. The processing circuit is configured to suppress the broadcast of a unique network ID of the WLAN and de-authenticate the UE from the WLAN. The processing circuit is further configured to ignore probe requests from the UE to steer the UE to connect to the cellular network.
- In some embodiments of the AP, the processing circuit is configured to suppress the broadcast of the unique network identifier of the WLAN in the entire WLAN coverage area.
- In some embodiments of the AP, the processing circuit is configured to suppress the broadcast of the unique network identifier of the WLAN in a part of the WLAN coverage area.
- In some embodiments of the AP, the processing circuit is configured to dynamically suppress the broadcast of the unique network identifier during one time period and enabling the broadcast of the unique network identifier during another time period.
- In some embodiments of the AP, the processing circuit is configured to transmit a Service Set Identifier (SSID) of the WLAN as the network identifier.
- In some embodiments of the AP, the processing circuit is configured to suppress comprises setting the length of a Service Set Identifier (SSID) Information Element (IE) to be zero in beacon frames sent by the AP.
- In some embodiments of the AP, the processing circuit is configured to de-authenticate a UE by sending a reason code to the UE indicating the UE is not within the coverage area of the WLAN.
- In some embodiments of the AP, the WLAN and the cellular network are operated by the same network operator.
- In some embodiments of the AP, the processing circuit is configured to de-authenticate a UE responsive to instructions from a network node in the WLAN.
- The methods and apparatus above not only enable UE traffic steering, but will also make sure that the UE will not “blacklist” the WLAN. This ensures that the UE may undergo network transitions between WLAN and cellular networks without requiring user intervention of any kind.
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FIG. 1 illustrates a WLAN and a cellular network with an overlapping coverage area. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a procedure for steering a UE from a WLAN to a cellular network. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a procedure of steering the UE back to the WLAN. -
FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary method for steering a UE between the WLAN to a cellular network. -
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary access point configured to steer UEs a UE between the WLAN to a cellular network -
FIG. 6 illustrates the main functional components of a processing circuit in an AP configured for steering UEs between a WLAN and cellular network. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a computer program product for steering UEs between a WLAN and cellular network. - Referring now to the drawings,
FIG. 1 illustrates acommunication network 10 comprising aWLAN 105 and acellular network 106 with overlapping coverage areas. TheWLAN 105 may comprise a WiFi network based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Thecellular network 106 may comprise a 3GPP cellular network, such as a WCDMA network or LTE network. Adual mode UE 103 is located in the overlapping area of theWLAN 105 andcellular network 106. TheUE 103 may connect to thecellular network 106 through abase station 104 or to theWLAN 105 through anAP 102. In some embodiments, aWLAN controller 101 in the WLAN configures and manages theAP 102. WhileFIG. 1 illustrates only one UE, it will be appreciated manydual mode UEs 103 may be operating in the overlapping coverage area. - The
WLAN 105 and acellular network 106 may be operated by the same network operator or by different network operators. When theWLAN 105 and acellular network 106 are jointly operated, it is to the operator's advantage to manage the UEs' connections in order to meet a number of operating goals, such as improved user experience, higher per-UE throughput, load balancing between networks, or other goals set by the operator to optimize network performance in some manner. Due to the inherent preference for a WLAN connection over the cellular network connection, thedual mode UE 103 located in the overlapping area of aWLAN 105 and acellular network 106 will normally choose to connect to theWLAN 105 even if the connection is poor. The techniques described herein may be used to steer aUE 103 connected to an AP in theWLAN 105 to thecellular network 106. -
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary procedure for steering aUE 103 from aWLAN 105 to acellular network 106 according to one embodiment. TheUE 103 initially connects to the WLAN 105 (S201-S204). To establish the connection, theAP 102 inWLAN 105 broadcasts the SSID of theWLAN 105 or other network ID in a beacon frame, or transmits the network ID responsive to a probe request from the UE 103 (S201). When theUE 103 obtains the network ID of theWLAN 105, theUE 103 sends a probe request to the AP step (S202). An authentication procedure is performed between theWLAN 105 and the UE 103 (step S203). After successful authentication, a connection between theUE 103 andAP 102 is established (S204). - After the connection to the
WLAN 105 is established, theWLAN controller 101 may determine a need to change the connection of one ormore UEs 103 from theWLAN 105 to a cellular network 106 (S205). The determination may be based on several factors such as network congestion, signal quality, user experience, or other factors. TheWLAN controller 101 may send instructions to theAP 102 to offload or steer traffic to another network (step S206). In some embodiments, the instruction may designate aparticular UE 103 or particular group ofUEs 103 to be steered to thecellular network 106. In other embodiments, the WLAN controller may not specify which UEs to steer and theAP 102 determines whichUEs 103 to steer. In other embodiments, theAP 102 itself may determine the need to steer traffic to thecellular network 106. - When the
AP 102 receives an instruction to steer traffic to another network, theAP 102 dynamically suppresses transmission of the SSID or other network ID for the WLAN 105 (S207). The SSID may be suppressed, for example, by setting the length of the SSID Information Element (IE) in the beacon frames to zero. After suppressing the transmission of the network ID, theAP 102 de-authenticates the UE 103 (S208). In one embodiment, theAP 102 may de-authenticate theUE 103 by sending a de-authentication message with a reason code indicating theUE 103 is not within the coverage area of theWLAN 105. For example, in an 802.11 WiFi network, theAP 102 may set the value of the ReasonCode IE in the de-authentication message equal to 3 indicating that theUE 103 is leaving or has left the area where theAP 102 provides coverage. The de-authentication message with the ReasonCode IE set to 3 causes theUE 103 to flush the cache for the beacon frames. The de-authentication message may be addressed to aparticular UE 103 or group ofUEs 103. TheUEs 103 not targeted for steering will not be de-authenticated. - The suppression of the SSID by the
AP 102 makes it appear to theUE 103 that it has moved out of the coverage area of theAP 102. TheUE 103 may still send probe requests to theAP 102 to obtain the network ID of the WLAN (S209). TheAP 102 may ignore the probe requests sent by the UE 103 (S210). If no response to the probe requests is received, theUE 103 will conclude that theWLAN 105 is no longer available and establish a connection with the cellular network 105 (S211). - The suppression of the SSID will have no impact on
UEs 103 that remain connected to theWLAN 105, but may preventother UEs 103 from connecting to theWLAN 105 as long as the SSID is suppressed. The network operator can still enable connection byother UE 103 to the “hidden”WLAN 105 by pre-programmingUEs 103 with settings for connecting to theWLAN 105, or by transmitting a message to theUEs 103 including the proper settings for connecting to theWLAN 105. - In some embodiments, the
AP 102 may suppress the broadcast of the SSID in the entire WLAN coverage area. Alternatively, the AP may suppress the broadcast of the SSID in a part of WLAN coverage area, e.g., the overlapping area or the area surrounding thede-authenticated UE 103. In some embodiments, theAP 102 may suppress the broadcast of the network ID of theWLAN 105 in a part of the overlapping area, e.g., the vicinity area of theUE 103. - After steering the
UE 103 to the cellular network, theWLAN controller 101 may decide to allow theUE 103 to reconnect to theWLAN 105, e.g., when theWLAN 105 has low load. The procedure for reconnecting to theWLAN 105 is illustrated inFIG. 3 . TheWLAN controller 101 determines that reconnection to theWLAN 105 is allowed (S301). TheWLAN controller 101 may send an instruction to allow connection to theWLAN 105 to the AP 102 (S302). TheAP 102 changes the SSID setting from suppressed to broadcast and begins broadcast of the unique network ID (S303). After obtaining the SSID of theWLAN 105, theUE 103 may send a probe request to the WLAN 105 (S304). TheAP 102 andUE 103 perform an authenticating procedure (S305). After successful authentication, the UE may disconnect from the cellular network 106 (S306) and connect to the available again WLAN (S307). Thus, the traffic is steered back to theWLAN 105 and all data traffic of the UE will now be served by theWLAN 105. Later, if it is desired to steer traffic from theWLAN 105 to thecellular network 106, theAP 102 may dynamically suppress the broadcast of the unique network ID and de-authenticate one ormore UEs 103. - In the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 2 and 3 , theAP 102 dynamically suppresses the broadcast of the unique network ID during some time periods and enables the broadcast of the unique network ID during other time periods as needed to achieve operational goals of the network operator. In such situations, the network ID is may be supressed for a predetermined time period or until conditions change. In other embodiments of the invention, theAP 102 may be configured to always suppress transmission of the SSID of theWLAN 105.UEs 103 may be pre-programmed with or provided settings for connecting to the “hidden”AP 102. -
FIG. 4 illustrates anexemplary method 400 implemented by anAP 102 in theWLAN 105 for steering aconnected UE 103 from theWLAN 105 to acellular network 106 or other alternative network. TheAP 102 determines a need to steer aUE 103 from theWLAN 105 to the cellular network 106 (block 410). In some embodiments, theAP 102 may receive an instruction from aWLAN controller 101 or other network node to steer a specific UE, a group of UEs or unspecified UEs from theWLAN 105 to a cellular network 106 (step S410). In other embodiments, theAP 102 may autonomously determine that steering is needed. TheAP 102 suppresses the broadcast of the network ID, e.g., the SSID, of the WLAN 105 (step 420). As previously noted, theAP 102 may suppress the transmission of the network ID (e.g., SSID) dynamically or, alternatively, theAP 102 may be configured to always suppress broadcast a network ID. After determining a need to steer aUE 103 from theWLAN 105 to thecellular network 106, theAP 102 de-authenticates theUE 103, for example, by sending a de-authentication message to the UE 103 (step 430). The de-authentication message may include a reason code indicating that theUE 103 is moving out of the coverage area of theAP 102. After de-authenticating theUE 103, theAP 102 ignores probe requests sent by the UE (step 440). -
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary access point (AP) 500 for implementing the method described herein. TheAP 500 may be theAP 102 as shown inFIGS. 1-3 . TheAP 500 comprises atransceiver circuit 510, aprocessing circuit 520, andmemory 530. Thetransceiver circuit 510 is configured to communicate with the one ormore UEs 103 over an air interface of theWLAN 105. Theprocessing circuit 520 processes signals transmitted and received by theAP 500, and provides operational control and configuration for theAP 500. Theprocessing circuit 520 may comprise one or more processors, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof. Theprocessing circuit 520 is configured to implement the method as shown inFIG. 4 . Thememory 530 may comprise both Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only Memory (ROM), or other non-transitory computer readable medium. Computer program instructions and data required for operation and configuration of theAP 500 may be stored in non-volatile memory, such as Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), and/or flash memory.Memory 530 may be implemented as discrete devices, stacked devices, or integrated with one or more processors. -
FIG. 6 illustrates the main functional components of theprocessing circuit 520 in more detail. The processing circuit comprises a determiningunit 522, suppressingunit 524,de-authentication unit 526, and proberequest handling unit 528. Theseunits different units - The determining
unit 522 determines the need to steer one ormore UEs 103 from theWLAN 105 to thecellular network 106. The decision to steer one ormore UEs 103 to thecellular network 106 may be based on a message received from aWLAN controller 101. Alternatively, the determiningunit 522 may autonomously decide the need to steer theUEs 103 to thecellular network 106. - The suppressing
unit 524 suppresses transmission of the network identifier by theAP 102. The network ID for theWLAN 105 can be suppressed, for example, by setting the length of the SSID information element in the beacon frames to 0. Other techniques could also be used. In one embodiment, the suppressingunit 524 dynamically suppresses transmission of the network ID based on the decisions of the determiningunit 522. In other embodiments, the suppressingunit 524 may be configured to always suppress transmission of the SSID. The network operator can configureUEs 103 to connect to the “hidden”AP 102 by providing theUEs 103 with information necessary to connect to theAP 102. - The
de-authentication unit 526 is responsive to control signals from the determiningunit 522 to de-authenticate one ormore UEs 103. In one embodiment, the identity of theUEs 103 to be de-authenticated is provided by the determiningunit 522. In other embodiments, thede-authentication unit 526 may determine whichUEs 103 to de-authenticate. - The probe
response handling unit 528 is responsible for responding to probe requests from theUEs 103. The proberesponse handling unit 528 receives a list ofUEs 103 that have been de-authenticated from either the determiningcircuit 522 orde-authenticating unit 526. The proberesponse handling unit 528 is configured to ignore probe requests from thede-authenticated UEs 103. -
FIG. 7 illustrates acomputer program product 600 for steering UEs between a WLAN and cellular network. Thecomputer program product 600 comprises a plurality of modules containing program code and data for performing the method shown inFIG. 4 . Thecomputer program product 600 may be stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium,e.g. memory 530. In one embodiment, thecomputer program product 600 comprises a determiningmodule 605, suppressing module 610,de-authentication unit 620, and probe request handling unit 625. The determiningmodule 605 comprises code for determining the need to steer one ormore UEs 103 from theWLAN 105 to thecellular network 106. The suppressingmodule 524 comprises code for suppressing transmission of the network identifier by theAP 102. Thede-authentication module 615 comprises code for de-authenticating one ormore UEs 103. Thede-authentication module 615 is responsive to commands or instructions from the determiningmodule 605 to de-authenticate one ormore UEs 103. The proberesponse handling module 620 comprises code for responding to probe requests from theUEs 103. The proberesponse handling module 620 receives a list ofUEs 103 that have been de-authenticated from either the determiningmodule 605 orde-authenticating module 615. The proberesponse handling module 620 is configured to ignore probe requests from thede-authenticated UEs 103. - The disclosure herein discloses methods and apparatus for offloading or steering traffic to a
cellular network 106 having acoverage areas 106 that overlaps theWLAN 105. The methods and apparatus provide the network operator greater control over the UEs connections. Thus, the network operator may choose which radio technology will serve theUE 103 in order to optimize any number of overall network objectives, such as, but not limited to, per-UE throughput, user experience, or network load balancing. - The techniques described herein do not require any modification to behavior and thus does not require changes to
UE 103. Also, because theAP 102 does not actively reject theUE 103 from theWLAN 105, the UE will not “blacklist” theWLAN 105. Therefore, the method avoids “blacklisting” of the WLAN by the UE such that the network can control or encourage UE transitions between WLAN and cellular networks without user intervention. - The present disclosure may, of course, be carried out in other ways than those specifically set forth herein without departing from essential characteristics of the disclosure. The present embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (19)
1-18. (canceled)
19. A method implemented by an access point in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) for steering traffic of a user equipment (UE) from the WLAN to a cellular network with an overlapping coverage area, wherein the UE is connected to the WLAN through the AP, said method comprising:
suppressing the broadcast of a unique network identifier of the WLAN;
de-authenticating the UE from the WLAN;
ignoring probe requests from the UE to steer the UE to connect to the cellular network.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein said suppressing comprises suppressing the broadcast of the unique network identifier of the WLAN in the entire WLAN coverage area.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein said suppressing comprises suppressing the broadcast of the unique network identifier of the WLAN in a part of the WLAN coverage area.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein said suppressing comprises dynamically suppressing the broadcast of the unique network identifier during one time period and enabling the broadcast of the unique network identifier during another time period.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein said unique network identifier of the WLAN comprises a Service Set Identifier (SSID) of the WLAN.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein said suppressing comprises setting the length of a Service Set Identifier (SSID) Information Element (IE) to be zero in beacon frames sent by the AP.
25. The method of claim 19 , wherein said de-authenticating comprises sending a de-authentication message with a reason code to the UE indicating the UE is not within the coverage area of the WLAN.
26. The method of claim 19 , wherein the WLAN and the cellular network are operated by the same network operator.
27. The method of claim 19 , wherein said de-authenticating is performed responsive to instructions from a network node in the WLAN.
28. An access point in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) configured to steer traffic of a user equipment (UE) from the WLAN to a cellular network with an overlapping coverage area, wherein the UE is connected to the WLAN through the AP, said AP comprising:
a transceiver circuit configured to communicate with the UE;
a processing circuit configured to:
suppress the broadcast of a unique network identifier of the WLAN;
de-authenticate the UE from the WLAN;
ignore probe requests from the UE to steer the UE to connect to the cellular network.
29. The access point of claim 28 , wherein said processing circuit is further configured to suppress the broadcast of the unique network identifier of the WLAN in the entire WLAN coverage area.
30. The access point of claim 28 , wherein said processing circuit is further configured to suppress the broadcast of the unique network identifier of the WLAN in a part of the WLAN coverage area.
31. The access point of claim 28 , wherein said processing circuit is further configured to dynamically suppress the broadcast of the unique network identifier during one time period and enable the broadcast of the unique network identifier during another time period.
32. The access point of claim 28 , wherein said unique network identifier of the WLAN comprises a Service Set Identifier (SSID) of the WLAN.
33. The access point of claim 32 , wherein said processing circuit is further configured to set the length of a Service Set Identifier (SSID) Information Element (IE) to be zero in beacon frames sent by the access point.
34. The access point of claim 28 , wherein said transceiver circuit is further configured to de-authenticate the UE by sending a de-authentication message with a reason code to the UE indicating the UE is not within the coverage area of the WLAN.
35. The access point of claim 28 , wherein the WLAN and the cellular network are operated by the same network operator.
36. The access point of claim 28 , wherein said transceiver circuit is further configured to de-authenticate the UE responsive to instructions from a network node in the WLAN.
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CN105981445B (en) | 2019-09-20 |
US20160057677A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
WO2015124967A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
WO2015124968A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
EP3108691B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
CN105981445A (en) | 2016-09-28 |
EP3108694B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
EP3108694A1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
EP3108691A1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
US9980192B2 (en) | 2018-05-22 |
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