US20150192046A1 - Injector unit for after-treatment system - Google Patents
Injector unit for after-treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- US20150192046A1 US20150192046A1 US14/660,993 US201514660993A US2015192046A1 US 20150192046 A1 US20150192046 A1 US 20150192046A1 US 201514660993 A US201514660993 A US 201514660993A US 2015192046 A1 US2015192046 A1 US 2015192046A1
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- Prior art keywords
- port
- injector unit
- coolant
- injector
- housing assembly
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
- F01N2340/04—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of an exhaust pipe, manifold or apparatus in relation to vehicle frame or particular vehicle parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/11—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance or part of the dosing system being cooled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to an after-treatment system for engines. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the positioning of an injector unit in the after-treatment system.
- An after-treatment system commonly includes a number of injector units that inject a reductant fluid into a stream of exhaust gas.
- an injector tip of an injector unit is subjected to considerably high temperature conditions by the exhaust gas, which may damage the injector tip. Therefore, the after-treatment system generally employs a cooling circuit around the injector tip to inhibit the effects of such high temperatures.
- the cooling circuit commonly includes a coolant tank and a fluid pump and is adapted to circulate coolant within the injector unit.
- the injector unit includes a first port in fluid communication with the coolant tank and a second port in fluid communication with the fluid pump.
- the injector unit is mounted on the after-treatment system, such that the first port and the second port are at a same height in reference to a horizontal axis of the engine.
- the fluid pump may be inoperative (the fluid pump runs via the engine, therefore the fluid pump stops operation, when engine speed reaches 0 rpm) and the flow of coolant to the injector unit may temporarily cease, which may cause the coolant left in the injector units to evaporate.
- the vaporized coolant may flow through the first port to the coolant tank, exert vapor pressure on the condensed coolant of the coolant tank, and may cause the condensed coolant to replenish the fluid within the injector unit.
- the second port may be tilted upwards relative to the first port.
- a considerable amount of vaporized coolant may unfavorably flow out or escape through the second port towards the fluid pump, while a relatively lesser quantity of vaporized coolant may flow to the coolant tank.
- a reverse flow of vaporized coolant is minimized, substantially reducing the capacity to cool the fuel injectors during a hot engine shutdown. This may result in heat up and damage to the injector tip of the injector unit.
- the after-treatment system includes a housing assembly, a coolant circuit with a coolant tank, and at least one injector unit.
- the injector unit includes a first port and a second port.
- the first port is in fluid communication with the coolant tank of the cooling circuit.
- the second port is in fluid communication with the first port.
- the injector unit is mounted on the housing assembly, such that the first port is positioned substantially vertically above the second port, along the vertical axis.
- the injector unit includes a datum line that passes through the first port and the second port. An included angle defined by the datum line relative to the horizontal axis is generally about 60 degrees, when a width of the housing assembly is parallel to the horizontal axis.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling circuit applied in an after-treatment system of an internal combustion engine, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a side view of a housing assembly of the after-treatment system of FIG. 1 , assembled with an injector unit, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the injector unit of FIG. 2 that illustrates an orientation of the injector unit when the housing assembly is parallel to a horizontal axis, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the injector unit of FIG. 2 that illustrates an orientation of the injector unit when the housing assembly is inclined at 45 degree angle in a clockwise direction relative to the horizontal axis, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the injector unit of FIG. 2 that illustrates an orientation of the injector unit when the housing assembly is inclined at 45 degree in a counter-clockwise direction relative to the horizontal axis, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure
- FIG. 6A is an enlarged view of the injector unit of FIG. 2 that illustrates an embodiment of the injector unit with three injector jets, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure
- FIG. 6B is another embodiment of the injector unit with a single injector jet, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6C is yet another embodiment of the injector unit with six injector jets, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure.
- the after-treatment system 10 facilitates treatment of exhaust gases from an engine 12 of a machine (not shown).
- the after-treatment system 10 works in conjunction with a cooling circuit 14 .
- the after-treatment system 10 includes a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 16 and a selective catalyst reduction module 18 (referred to as SCR 18 ) for the treatment of the exhaust gases prior to emission into the environment.
- the DPF 16 and the SCR 18 are in fluid communication via an exhaust conduit 20 .
- the exhaust conduit 20 includes a mixing chamber 21 , which accommodates at least one injector unit 22 . Although, four injector units 22 are shown as an embodiment in FIG.
- the injector units 22 are fluidly connected to a Diesel Emission Fluid (DEF) tank 24 , which holds DEF.
- DEF Diesel Emission Fluid
- the engine 12 may be a multi-cylinder engine adapted to be employed in the machine (not shown), such as but not limited to, a construction machine, a marine machine, and/or a forest machine.
- a multi-cylinder engine adapted to be employed in the machine (not shown), such as but not limited to, a construction machine, a marine machine, and/or a forest machine.
- the present disclosure proposes the deployment of a multi-cylinder diesel engine, an equivalent application to other engine types may also be contemplated.
- the DPF 16 may be selected from one of widely available DPF's in the market.
- the DPF 16 is connected to an exhaust port of the engine 12 and is configured to receive exhaust gas from the engine 12 in a raw, untreated state. Upon reception, the DPF 16 is adapted to filter or separate diesel particulate matter from the inflowing exhaust gas.
- the exhaust conduit 20 is fluidly connected to the DPF 16 and is positioned downstream of the DPF 16 (along a gas flow direction, S).
- the exhaust conduit 20 may be shaped and structured as conventionally known and is adapted to receive a filtered exhaust gas from the DPF 16 .
- the exhaust conduit 20 includes the mixing chamber 21 , which typically facilitates a mixing of the filtered exhaust gases from the DPF 16 with a reductant fluid, such as the DEF.
- typical reductant fluids or DEFs may include anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, and/or urea.
- the SCR 18 is fluidly connected downstream to the exhaust conduit 20 (along the gas flow direction, S).
- the SCR 18 includes a catalyst (not shown), such as titanium oxide, and other active catalytic components of oxides of base metals to convert nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases into diatomic nitrogen and water.
- Base metals may include, but are not limited to, vanadium, molybdenum, and/or tungsten.
- the SCR 18 may also be chosen from among the widely known SCR units available in the art.
- the injector units 22 are arranged along a length of the exhaust conduit 20 and are adapted to periodically inject a predetermined quantity of DEF into the exhaust conduit 20 .
- the injector units 22 are fluidly connected to the DEF tank 24 .
- the injector units 22 include an injector tip 26 that injects the DEF to the exhaust conduit 20 .
- Exhaust gas that flows through the exhaust conduit 20 may heat the injector tip 26 of each of the injector units 22 . Therefore, the after-treatment system 10 employs the cooling circuit 14 to cool the injector tip 26 of each of the injector units 22 .
- the cooling circuit 14 is adapted to facilitate a flow of coolant (along a coolant flow direction, B) through the injector units 22 , when actuated.
- the cooling circuit 14 includes a coolant reservoir 28 , a fluid pump 30 , and a coolant tank 32 .
- the coolant reservoir 28 may be a storage tank that stores the coolant in liquid form.
- the fluid pump 30 is fluidly connected to the coolant reservoir 28 and is disposed downstream of the coolant reservoir 28 (along the coolant flow direction, B).
- the injector units 22 are further in fluid communication with the fluid pump 30 and are disposed downstream to the fluid pump 30 (along the coolant flow direction, B).
- the coolant tank 32 may be a phase separation tank connected to the injector units 22 and disposed downstream to the injector units 22 (along the coolant flow direction, B).
- the injector unit 22 includes a first port 34 and a second port 36 .
- the first port 34 is in fluid communication with the second port 36 , via coolant jackets (not shown) that are structured around the injector tip 26 to temporarily accommodate a quantity of coolant.
- the first port 34 is fluidly connected to the coolant tank 32 .
- the second port 36 is fluidly connected to the fluid pump 30 of the cooling circuit 14 . As the fluid pump 30 is actuated, a flow of coolant in the cooling circuit 14 is facilitated in the coolant flow direction, B (as shown in FIG. 1 ).
- the fluid pump 30 is deactivated and a coolant flow (along the coolant flow direction, B) is halted (shown in FIG. 1 ).
- a coolant flow (along the coolant flow direction, B) is halted (shown in FIG. 1 ).
- the coolant in the injector unit 22 may boil.
- the first port 34 is maintained above the second port 36 of the injector unit 22 .
- the engine 12 includes a horizontal axis X-X′ and a vertical axis Y-Y′, relative to which the mount and arrangement of the injector unit 22 is described.
- the after-treatment system 10 includes the housing assembly 38 that houses the DPF 16 , the SCR 18 , and the exhaust conduit 20 (as shown in FIG. 1 ) of the after-treatment system 10 .
- the housing assembly 38 provides a mounting base for the injector unit 22 of the after-treatment system 10 .
- the injector unit 22 includes a datum line D-D′, which passes through the first port 34 and the second port 36 .
- the injector unit 22 is mounted on the housing assembly 38 , such that the first port 34 is positioned substantially vertically above the second port 36 , along the vertical axis Y-Y′.
- the injector unit 22 is mounted to the housing assembly 38 , such that an included angle, A defined by the datum line D-D′ relative to the horizontal axis X-X′ is generally about 60 degrees in a clockwise direction, when a width, W of the housing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′.
- the included angle, A is maintained substantially 60 degrees to maintain the first port 34 vertically above the second port 36 , during a tilt of the machine (not shown) at a tilt angle of 45 degrees.
- the included angle, A is 60 degrees, however the included angle, A may be any angle greater than the tilt angle of the machine (not shown).
- the specific arrangement of the injector unit 22 , relative to the housing assembly 38 facilitates the first port 34 to be positioned vertically above the second port 36 in general level (tilt) conditions of the machine (not shown).
- FIGS. 3 , 4 , and 5 three exemplary orientations of the injector unit 22 , is shown. These orientations correspond to three separate level (tilt) conditions during operation and shutdown of the machine (not shown).
- the injector unit 22 when the machine (not shown) is on a level terrain and the housing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′.
- the width, W, of the housing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′.
- the injector unit 22 is oriented, such that the included angle, A (defined between the datum line D-D′ and the horizontal axis X-X′) is substantially 60 degrees vertically above, in the clockwise direction. Therefore, the first port 34 is maintained above the second port 36 , when the machine (not shown) operates on level terrain. This facilitates a relative ease in a reverse flow of coolant (along the direction, C) from the coolant tank 32 to the injector unit 22 , during engine shutdowns and the machine (not shown) operated on the levelled terrain.
- the injector unit 22 when the machine (not shown) is on an unleveled terrain and the housing assembly 38 is at a 45 degrees inclination in a clockwise direction relative to the horizontal axis X-X′.
- the width, W, of the housing assembly 38 is also inclined at an angle of 45 degrees in the clockwise direction, to the horizontal axis X-X′.
- the injector unit 22 is oriented, such that the included angle, A (defined between the datum line D-D′ and the horizontal axis X-X′), is substantially about 105 degrees vertically above, in the clockwise direction. Therefore, the first port 34 is maintained above the second port 36 .
- the injector unit 22 when the machine (not shown) is on an unleveled terrain and the housing assembly 38 is at a 45 degrees inclination in counter-clockwise direction relative to the horizontal axis X-X′.
- the width W of the housing assembly 38 is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees in the counter-clockwise direction, to the horizontal axis X-X′.
- the injector unit 22 is oriented, such that the included angle, A (defined between the datum line D-D′ and the horizontal axis X-X′), is substantially about 15 degrees vertically above, in the clockwise direction.
- the first port 34 is maintained above the second port 36 , at 45 degrees inclination in the counter-clockwise direction of the machine (not shown). This facilitates the reverse flow of coolant (along the direction, C) from the coolant tank 32 to the injector unit 22 , during engine shutdowns at 45 degrees counter-clockwise inclination of the machine (not shown).
- the first port 34 is always maintained substantially vertically above the second port 36 . This would ensure, that during the hot shutdowns of the machine (not shown), the hot coolant around the injector tip 26 is replaced by a cooler coolant and the vaporized hot coolant is expanded in the coolant tank 32 .
- the present disclosure contemplates mounting of the injector unit 22 , such that the included angle, A (when the width, W, of the housing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′) is 60 degrees in the clockwise direction.
- the injector unit 22 generally includes injector jets 40 that facilitates injection of the DEF into the exhaust conduit 20 .
- the included angle, A (when the width, W, of the housing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′) is dependent on the number on injector jets 40 of the injector unit 22 .
- FIGS. 6A , 6 B, and 6 C three exemplary embodiments of the injector unit 22 , 22 ′, 22 ′′ are explained that includes different number of injector jets 40 , 40 ′, 40 ′′. Additionally, the included angle, A (when the width, W, of the housing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′) corresponding to the injector unit 22 , 22 ′, 22 ′′ is described.
- FIG. 6A there is shown an embodiment of the injector unit 22 that includes three injector jets 40 , to inject the DEF into the exhaust conduit 20 .
- the three injector jets 40 are equilaterally placed, such that an exemplary mounting of the injector unit 22 on the housing assembly 38 , may vary in steps of 120 degrees, from one application to other. In each variation, the coolant flow from the coolant tank 32 to the injector unit 22 is facilitated, while the injector dosing performance may remain unaffected.
- FIG. 6B there is shown another embodiment of the injector unit 22 ′ that includes singular injector jet 40 ′, to inject the DEF into the exhaust conduit 20 .
- a first port 34 ′ and a second port 36 ′ respectively of the injector unit 22 ′ are similar in form and construction to the first port 34 and the second port 36 of the injector unit 22 .
- the singular injector jet 40 ′ is centrally positioned, such that an exemplary mounting of the injector unit 22 ′ on the housing assembly 38 , may vary in a range of 45 degrees to 135 degrees, from one application to other. In each variation, the coolant flow from the coolant tank 32 to the injector unit 22 is facilitated, while the injector dosing performance may remain unaffected.
- FIG. 6C there is shown another embodiment of the injector unit 22 ′′ that includes six injector jets 40 ′′, to inject the DEF into the exhaust conduit 20 .
- a first port 34 ′′ and a second port 36 ′′ respectively of the injector unit 22 ′′ are similar in form and construction to the first port 34 and the second port 36 of the injector unit 22 .
- the six injector jets 40 ′′ are equilaterally placed, such that an exemplary mounting of the injector unit 22 ′′ on the housing assembly 38 , may vary in steps of 60 degrees, from one application to other. In each variation, the coolant flow from the coolant tank 32 to the injector unit 22 ′′ is facilitated, while the injector efficiency may remain unaffected.
- the fluid pump 30 circulates the coolant through the injector unit 22 , 22 ′, 22 ′′ (in the coolant flow direction, B). More specifically, the fluid pump 30 supplies the coolant to the injector unit 22 , 22 ′, 22 ′′ via the second port 36 , 36 ′, 36 ′′. As the second port 36 , 36 ′, 36 ′′ is in fluid communication with the first port 34 , 34 ′, 34 ′′, through the coolant jackets (not shown), a flow of coolant through the injector unit 22 , 22 ′, 22 ′′ (in the coolant flow direction, B) is facilitated.
- the fluid pump 30 temporarily halts a coolant supply to the injector unit 22 , 22 ′, 22 ′′. Therefore, an amount of coolant left in the injector unit 22 , 22 ′, 22 ′′ heats up. In such situations, the resulting vaporized coolant is required to be drawn through the first port 34 , 34 ′, 34 ′′ to the coolant tank 32 , to facilitate the reverse flow of the condensed coolant of the coolant tank 32 (along the flow direction, C).
- the first port 34 , 34 ′, 34 ′′ is required to be kept vertically above the second port 36 , 36 ′, 36 ′′.
- the embodiment of the injector unit 22 with three injector jets 40 is described in the forthcoming disclosure, similar description for various other embodiments of the injector units 22 ′, 22 ′′ may also be contemplated.
- the first port 34 of the injector unit 22 is required to be kept vertically above the second port 36 , along the vertical axis Y-Y′.
- the included angle, A (between the datum line D-D′ and the horizontal axis X-X′), is about 60 degrees in the clockwise direction. This facilitates the first port 34 to be maintained above the second port 36 . Such an arrangement may cause the vaporized coolant to flow through the first port 34 to the coolant tank 32 . Therefore, a resulting reverse flow of the coolant (in the flow direction, C) from the coolant tank 32 to the injector unit 22 , is facilitated. This allows for cooling of the injector unit 22 , when the engine 12 is shutdown and the machine (not shown) is on a levelled terrain.
- the included angle, A is about 105 degrees vertically above, in the clockwise direction.
- This facilitates the first port 34 to be vertically above the second port 36 , along the vertical axis Y-Y′.
- Such an arrangement may cause the vaporized coolant to flow through the first port 34 to the coolant tank 32 .
- This facilitates the reverse flow (in the flow direction, C) of coolant in liquid form in the coolant tank 32 , to flow to the injector unit 22 , which results in cooling of the injector unit 22 .
- the housing assembly 38 makes an inclination of 45 degrees in the counter-clockwise direction, and the engine 12 is shutdown, the included angle, A, is about 15 degrees vertically above, in the clockwise direction.
- This facilitates the first port 34 to be above the second port 36 , along the vertical axis Y-Y′.
- Such an arrangement may cause vaporized coolant to flow through the first port 34 to the coolant tank 32 .
- This facilitates the reverse flow of the condensed coolant (in the flow direction, C) from the coolant tank 32 to the injector unit 22 . This results in the cooling of the injector unit 22 .
- the mount and arrangement of the injector unit 22 maintains the reverse flow (in the flow direction, C) of coolant from the coolant tank 32 to the injector unit 22 during engine shutdowns. This facilitates cooling of the injector tip 26 of the injector unit 22 and prevention of damage to the injector tip 26 .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
An after-treatment system for an engine is disclosed herein. The engine has a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. The after-treatment system includes a housing assembly, a coolant circuit with a coolant tank, and at least one injector unit. The injector unit includes a first port and a second port. The second port is in fluid communication with the first port. The first port is fluidly connected to the coolant tank. Further, the injector unit is mounted on the housing assembly, such that the first port is positioned substantially vertically above the second port, along the vertical axis. In addition, the injector unit includes a datum line that passes through the first port and the second port. An included angle defined by the datum line relative to the horizontal axis is generally about 60 degrees, when a width of the housing assembly is parallel to the horizontal axis.
Description
- The present disclosure relates generally to an after-treatment system for engines. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the positioning of an injector unit in the after-treatment system.
- After-treatment systems are generally employed in an internal combustion engine of a machine for treatment of exhaust gases. An after-treatment system commonly includes a number of injector units that inject a reductant fluid into a stream of exhaust gas. During operations, an injector tip of an injector unit is subjected to considerably high temperature conditions by the exhaust gas, which may damage the injector tip. Therefore, the after-treatment system generally employs a cooling circuit around the injector tip to inhibit the effects of such high temperatures. The cooling circuit commonly includes a coolant tank and a fluid pump and is adapted to circulate coolant within the injector unit. For this purpose, the injector unit includes a first port in fluid communication with the coolant tank and a second port in fluid communication with the fluid pump.
- In conventional after-treatment systems, the injector unit is mounted on the after-treatment system, such that the first port and the second port are at a same height in reference to a horizontal axis of the engine. During hot engine shutdowns, the fluid pump may be inoperative (the fluid pump runs via the engine, therefore the fluid pump stops operation, when engine speed reaches 0 rpm) and the flow of coolant to the injector unit may temporarily cease, which may cause the coolant left in the injector units to evaporate. As a result, the vaporized coolant may flow through the first port to the coolant tank, exert vapor pressure on the condensed coolant of the coolant tank, and may cause the condensed coolant to replenish the fluid within the injector unit. However, in certain conditions, such as an operation of the machine on unleveled terrains, the second port may be tilted upwards relative to the first port. In such conditions, a considerable amount of vaporized coolant may unfavorably flow out or escape through the second port towards the fluid pump, while a relatively lesser quantity of vaporized coolant may flow to the coolant tank. As a result, a reverse flow of vaporized coolant is minimized, substantially reducing the capacity to cool the fuel injectors during a hot engine shutdown. This may result in heat up and damage to the injector tip of the injector unit.
- Various aspects of the present disclosure illustrate an after-treatment system for an engine. The engine has a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. The after-treatment system includes a housing assembly, a coolant circuit with a coolant tank, and at least one injector unit. The injector unit includes a first port and a second port. The first port is in fluid communication with the coolant tank of the cooling circuit. The second port is in fluid communication with the first port. Moreover, the injector unit is mounted on the housing assembly, such that the first port is positioned substantially vertically above the second port, along the vertical axis. In addition, the injector unit includes a datum line that passes through the first port and the second port. An included angle defined by the datum line relative to the horizontal axis is generally about 60 degrees, when a width of the housing assembly is parallel to the horizontal axis.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling circuit applied in an after-treatment system of an internal combustion engine, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 2 is a side view of a housing assembly of the after-treatment system ofFIG. 1 , assembled with an injector unit, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the injector unit ofFIG. 2 that illustrates an orientation of the injector unit when the housing assembly is parallel to a horizontal axis, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the injector unit ofFIG. 2 that illustrates an orientation of the injector unit when the housing assembly is inclined at 45 degree angle in a clockwise direction relative to the horizontal axis, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the injector unit ofFIG. 2 that illustrates an orientation of the injector unit when the housing assembly is inclined at 45 degree in a counter-clockwise direction relative to the horizontal axis, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 6A is an enlarged view of the injector unit ofFIG. 2 that illustrates an embodiment of the injector unit with three injector jets, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 6B is another embodiment of the injector unit with a single injector jet, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure; and -
FIG. 6C is yet another embodiment of the injector unit with six injector jets, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , there is shown a block diagram of an exemplary after-treatment system 10. The after-treatment system 10 facilitates treatment of exhaust gases from anengine 12 of a machine (not shown). The after-treatment system 10 works in conjunction with acooling circuit 14. The after-treatment system 10 includes a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 16 and a selective catalyst reduction module 18 (referred to as SCR 18) for the treatment of the exhaust gases prior to emission into the environment. The DPF 16 and theSCR 18 are in fluid communication via anexhaust conduit 20. Theexhaust conduit 20 includes amixing chamber 21, which accommodates at least oneinjector unit 22. Although, fourinjector units 22 are shown as an embodiment inFIG. 1 , accommodation of any number ofinjector units 22 in theexhaust conduit 20 may be contemplated. Accommodation of a singular injector unit on theexhaust conduit 20 may also be contemplated. Theinjector units 22 are fluidly connected to a Diesel Emission Fluid (DEF)tank 24, which holds DEF. - The
engine 12 may be a multi-cylinder engine adapted to be employed in the machine (not shown), such as but not limited to, a construction machine, a marine machine, and/or a forest machine. For example, off-highway trucks, mining trucks, skid steer loaders, wheel loaders, track-type tractors, excavators, dozers, wheel loaders, and/or the like. Although the present disclosure proposes the deployment of a multi-cylinder diesel engine, an equivalent application to other engine types may also be contemplated. - As part of the after-
treatment system 10, theDPF 16 may be selected from one of widely available DPF's in the market. The DPF 16 is connected to an exhaust port of theengine 12 and is configured to receive exhaust gas from theengine 12 in a raw, untreated state. Upon reception, theDPF 16 is adapted to filter or separate diesel particulate matter from the inflowing exhaust gas. - The
exhaust conduit 20 is fluidly connected to theDPF 16 and is positioned downstream of the DPF 16 (along a gas flow direction, S). Theexhaust conduit 20 may be shaped and structured as conventionally known and is adapted to receive a filtered exhaust gas from theDPF 16. Theexhaust conduit 20 includes themixing chamber 21, which typically facilitates a mixing of the filtered exhaust gases from theDPF 16 with a reductant fluid, such as the DEF. Although not limited, typical reductant fluids or DEFs may include anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, and/or urea. - The
SCR 18 is fluidly connected downstream to the exhaust conduit 20 (along the gas flow direction, S). TheSCR 18 includes a catalyst (not shown), such as titanium oxide, and other active catalytic components of oxides of base metals to convert nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases into diatomic nitrogen and water. Base metals may include, but are not limited to, vanadium, molybdenum, and/or tungsten. As with the DPF 16, the SCR 18 may also be chosen from among the widely known SCR units available in the art. - The
injector units 22 are arranged along a length of theexhaust conduit 20 and are adapted to periodically inject a predetermined quantity of DEF into theexhaust conduit 20. For this purpose, theinjector units 22 are fluidly connected to the DEFtank 24. Theinjector units 22 include aninjector tip 26 that injects the DEF to theexhaust conduit 20. Exhaust gas that flows through theexhaust conduit 20 may heat theinjector tip 26 of each of theinjector units 22. Therefore, the after-treatment system 10 employs thecooling circuit 14 to cool theinjector tip 26 of each of theinjector units 22. - The
cooling circuit 14 is adapted to facilitate a flow of coolant (along a coolant flow direction, B) through theinjector units 22, when actuated. Thecooling circuit 14 includes acoolant reservoir 28, afluid pump 30, and acoolant tank 32. Thecoolant reservoir 28 may be a storage tank that stores the coolant in liquid form. Thefluid pump 30 is fluidly connected to thecoolant reservoir 28 and is disposed downstream of the coolant reservoir 28 (along the coolant flow direction, B). Theinjector units 22 are further in fluid communication with thefluid pump 30 and are disposed downstream to the fluid pump 30 (along the coolant flow direction, B). Thecoolant tank 32 may be a phase separation tank connected to theinjector units 22 and disposed downstream to the injector units 22 (along the coolant flow direction, B). - Referring to
FIG. 2 , there is shown an arrangement of theinjector unit 22 relative to ahousing assembly 38 of the after-treatment system 10, to facilitate the flow of coolant from the coolingcircuit 14. For ease in understanding, the forthcoming description is focused towards asingle injector unit 22. However, it may be contemplated that this description is equivalently applicable when multiple injector units are employed. Theinjector unit 22 includes afirst port 34 and asecond port 36. Thefirst port 34 is in fluid communication with thesecond port 36, via coolant jackets (not shown) that are structured around theinjector tip 26 to temporarily accommodate a quantity of coolant. Thefirst port 34 is fluidly connected to thecoolant tank 32. Thesecond port 36 is fluidly connected to thefluid pump 30 of thecooling circuit 14. As thefluid pump 30 is actuated, a flow of coolant in thecooling circuit 14 is facilitated in the coolant flow direction, B (as shown inFIG. 1 ). - During hot engine shutdowns, the
fluid pump 30 is deactivated and a coolant flow (along the coolant flow direction, B) is halted (shown inFIG. 1 ). As a result, the coolant in theinjector unit 22 may boil. As a resulting vaporized coolant requires to be delivered to thecoolant tank 32, thefirst port 34 is maintained above thesecond port 36 of theinjector unit 22. - The mounting and arrangement of the
injector unit 22 relative to ahousing assembly 38 of the after-treatment system 10 will now be explained in detail. Theengine 12 includes a horizontal axis X-X′ and a vertical axis Y-Y′, relative to which the mount and arrangement of theinjector unit 22 is described. The after-treatment system 10 includes thehousing assembly 38 that houses theDPF 16, theSCR 18, and the exhaust conduit 20 (as shown inFIG. 1 ) of the after-treatment system 10. Thehousing assembly 38 provides a mounting base for theinjector unit 22 of the after-treatment system 10. Theinjector unit 22 includes a datum line D-D′, which passes through thefirst port 34 and thesecond port 36. Theinjector unit 22 is mounted on thehousing assembly 38, such that thefirst port 34 is positioned substantially vertically above thesecond port 36, along the vertical axis Y-Y′. For this purpose, theinjector unit 22 is mounted to thehousing assembly 38, such that an included angle, A defined by the datum line D-D′ relative to the horizontal axis X-X′ is generally about 60 degrees in a clockwise direction, when a width, W of thehousing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′. Notably, the included angle, A is maintained substantially 60 degrees to maintain thefirst port 34 vertically above thesecond port 36, during a tilt of the machine (not shown) at a tilt angle of 45 degrees. Although, in the present disclosure, the included angle, A is 60 degrees, however the included angle, A may be any angle greater than the tilt angle of the machine (not shown). The specific arrangement of theinjector unit 22, relative to thehousing assembly 38, facilitates thefirst port 34 to be positioned vertically above thesecond port 36 in general level (tilt) conditions of the machine (not shown). - Referring to
FIGS. 3 , 4, and 5, three exemplary orientations of theinjector unit 22, is shown. These orientations correspond to three separate level (tilt) conditions during operation and shutdown of the machine (not shown). - Referring to
FIG. 3 , there is shown theinjector unit 22, when the machine (not shown) is on a level terrain and thehousing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′. In such situations, the width, W, of thehousing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′. Additionally, theinjector unit 22 is oriented, such that the included angle, A (defined between the datum line D-D′ and the horizontal axis X-X′) is substantially 60 degrees vertically above, in the clockwise direction. Therefore, thefirst port 34 is maintained above thesecond port 36, when the machine (not shown) operates on level terrain. This facilitates a relative ease in a reverse flow of coolant (along the direction, C) from thecoolant tank 32 to theinjector unit 22, during engine shutdowns and the machine (not shown) operated on the levelled terrain. - Referring to
FIG. 4 , there is shown theinjector unit 22, when the machine (not shown) is on an unleveled terrain and thehousing assembly 38 is at a 45 degrees inclination in a clockwise direction relative to the horizontal axis X-X′. In such operating conditions, the width, W, of thehousing assembly 38 is also inclined at an angle of 45 degrees in the clockwise direction, to the horizontal axis X-X′. In such situations, theinjector unit 22 is oriented, such that the included angle, A (defined between the datum line D-D′ and the horizontal axis X-X′), is substantially about 105 degrees vertically above, in the clockwise direction. Therefore, thefirst port 34 is maintained above thesecond port 36. This facilitates ease in the reverse flow of coolant (along the direction, C) from thecoolant tank 32 to theinjector unit 22, during engine shutdowns and the machine (not shown) on the unlevelled terrain with 45 degrees clockwise inclination of the machine (not shown). - Referring to
FIG. 5 , there is shown theinjector unit 22, when the machine (not shown) is on an unleveled terrain and thehousing assembly 38 is at a 45 degrees inclination in counter-clockwise direction relative to the horizontal axis X-X′. In such operating conditions, the width W of thehousing assembly 38 is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees in the counter-clockwise direction, to the horizontal axis X-X′. In such situations, theinjector unit 22 is oriented, such that the included angle, A (defined between the datum line D-D′ and the horizontal axis X-X′), is substantially about 15 degrees vertically above, in the clockwise direction. Therefore, thefirst port 34 is maintained above thesecond port 36, at 45 degrees inclination in the counter-clockwise direction of the machine (not shown). This facilitates the reverse flow of coolant (along the direction, C) from thecoolant tank 32 to theinjector unit 22, during engine shutdowns at 45 degrees counter-clockwise inclination of the machine (not shown). - Therefore, one can understand that, even when the machine (not shown) is operated in a tilted position of 45 degrees (in the clockwise direction and/or the counter-clockwise direction, relative to the horizontal axis X-X′) in side-to-side direction, the
first port 34 is always maintained substantially vertically above thesecond port 36. This would ensure, that during the hot shutdowns of the machine (not shown), the hot coolant around theinjector tip 26 is replaced by a cooler coolant and the vaporized hot coolant is expanded in thecoolant tank 32. - Furthermore, the present disclosure contemplates mounting of the
injector unit 22, such that the included angle, A (when the width, W, of thehousing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′) is 60 degrees in the clockwise direction. However, a wide range of the included angle, A, may be contemplated. Theinjector unit 22 generally includesinjector jets 40 that facilitates injection of the DEF into theexhaust conduit 20. The included angle, A (when the width, W, of thehousing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′) is dependent on the number oninjector jets 40 of theinjector unit 22. - Referring to
FIGS. 6A , 6B, and 6C, three exemplary embodiments of theinjector unit injector jets housing assembly 38 is parallel to the horizontal axis X-X′) corresponding to theinjector unit - Referring to
FIG. 6A , there is shown an embodiment of theinjector unit 22 that includes threeinjector jets 40, to inject the DEF into theexhaust conduit 20. The threeinjector jets 40 are equilaterally placed, such that an exemplary mounting of theinjector unit 22 on thehousing assembly 38, may vary in steps of 120 degrees, from one application to other. In each variation, the coolant flow from thecoolant tank 32 to theinjector unit 22 is facilitated, while the injector dosing performance may remain unaffected. - Referring to
FIG. 6B , there is shown another embodiment of theinjector unit 22′ that includessingular injector jet 40′, to inject the DEF into theexhaust conduit 20. Notably, afirst port 34′ and asecond port 36′ respectively of theinjector unit 22′ are similar in form and construction to thefirst port 34 and thesecond port 36 of theinjector unit 22. Thesingular injector jet 40′ is centrally positioned, such that an exemplary mounting of theinjector unit 22′ on thehousing assembly 38, may vary in a range of 45 degrees to 135 degrees, from one application to other. In each variation, the coolant flow from thecoolant tank 32 to theinjector unit 22 is facilitated, while the injector dosing performance may remain unaffected. - Referring to
FIG. 6C , there is shown another embodiment of theinjector unit 22″ that includes sixinjector jets 40″, to inject the DEF into theexhaust conduit 20. Notably, afirst port 34″ and asecond port 36″ respectively of theinjector unit 22″ are similar in form and construction to thefirst port 34 and thesecond port 36 of theinjector unit 22. The sixinjector jets 40″ are equilaterally placed, such that an exemplary mounting of theinjector unit 22″ on thehousing assembly 38, may vary in steps of 60 degrees, from one application to other. In each variation, the coolant flow from thecoolant tank 32 to theinjector unit 22″ is facilitated, while the injector efficiency may remain unaffected. - In operation, the
fluid pump 30 circulates the coolant through theinjector unit fluid pump 30 supplies the coolant to theinjector unit second port second port first port injector unit - During hot engine shutdowns, the
fluid pump 30 temporarily halts a coolant supply to theinjector unit injector unit first port coolant tank 32, to facilitate the reverse flow of the condensed coolant of the coolant tank 32 (along the flow direction, C). For this purpose, thefirst port second port injector unit 22 with threeinjector jets 40 is described in the forthcoming disclosure, similar description for various other embodiments of theinjector units 22′, 22″ may also be contemplated. In the current embodiment, thefirst port 34 of theinjector unit 22 is required to be kept vertically above thesecond port 36, along the vertical axis Y-Y′. - In situations, when the machine (not shown) is on level terrain and the
engine 12 is shutdown, the included angle, A (between the datum line D-D′ and the horizontal axis X-X′), is about 60 degrees in the clockwise direction. This facilitates thefirst port 34 to be maintained above thesecond port 36. Such an arrangement may cause the vaporized coolant to flow through thefirst port 34 to thecoolant tank 32. Therefore, a resulting reverse flow of the coolant (in the flow direction, C) from thecoolant tank 32 to theinjector unit 22, is facilitated. This allows for cooling of theinjector unit 22, when theengine 12 is shutdown and the machine (not shown) is on a levelled terrain. - In situations, such as when the machine (not shown) is on an unleveled terrain and the
housing assembly 38 is at an inclination of 45 degrees in clockwise direction, and theengine 12 is shutdown, the included angle, A is about 105 degrees vertically above, in the clockwise direction. This facilitates thefirst port 34 to be vertically above thesecond port 36, along the vertical axis Y-Y′. Such an arrangement may cause the vaporized coolant to flow through thefirst port 34 to thecoolant tank 32. This facilitates the reverse flow (in the flow direction, C) of coolant in liquid form in thecoolant tank 32, to flow to theinjector unit 22, which results in cooling of theinjector unit 22. - In yet other situations, when the machine (not shown) is on unleveled terrain, the
housing assembly 38 makes an inclination of 45 degrees in the counter-clockwise direction, and theengine 12 is shutdown, the included angle, A, is about 15 degrees vertically above, in the clockwise direction. This facilitates thefirst port 34 to be above thesecond port 36, along the vertical axis Y-Y′. Such an arrangement may cause vaporized coolant to flow through thefirst port 34 to thecoolant tank 32. This facilitates the reverse flow of the condensed coolant (in the flow direction, C) from thecoolant tank 32 to theinjector unit 22. This results in the cooling of theinjector unit 22. Therefore, the mount and arrangement of theinjector unit 22, as disclosed in the present disclosure, maintains the reverse flow (in the flow direction, C) of coolant from thecoolant tank 32 to theinjector unit 22 during engine shutdowns. This facilitates cooling of theinjector tip 26 of theinjector unit 22 and prevention of damage to theinjector tip 26. - It should be understood that the above description is intended for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Thus, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other aspects of the disclosure may be obtained from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claim.
Claims (1)
1. An after-treatment system for an engine, the engine having a horizontal axis and a vertical axis, the after-treatment system comprising:
a housing assembly;
a coolant circuit including a coolant tank; and
at least one injector unit including:
a first port in fluid communication with the coolant tank; and
a second port in fluid communication with the first port,
wherein the at least one injector unit is mounted on the housing assembly, such that the first port is positioned substantially vertically above the second port, along the vertical axis,
wherein the at least one injector unit includes a datum line passing through the first port and the second port, such that an included angle defined by the datum line relative to the horizontal axis is generally about 60 degrees, when a width of the housing assembly is parallel to the horizontal axis.
Priority Applications (1)
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US14/660,993 US20150192046A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | Injector unit for after-treatment system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/660,993 US20150192046A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | Injector unit for after-treatment system |
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US20150192046A1 true US20150192046A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
Family
ID=53494782
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US14/660,993 Abandoned US20150192046A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | Injector unit for after-treatment system |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180306081A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-10-25 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Fluid Injection System |
WO2019137826A1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | Perkins Engines Company Limited | Exhaust gas flowhood with treatment fluid injector and variable mounting angle |
US10400650B2 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2019-09-03 | Perkins Engines Company Limited | Injector deposit dissolution system and method |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140260199A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Caterpillar Inc. | System and Method for Post-Shutdown Temperature Management and Purge |
-
2015
- 2015-03-18 US US14/660,993 patent/US20150192046A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140260199A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Caterpillar Inc. | System and Method for Post-Shutdown Temperature Management and Purge |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180306081A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-10-25 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Fluid Injection System |
US10400650B2 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2019-09-03 | Perkins Engines Company Limited | Injector deposit dissolution system and method |
WO2019137826A1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | Perkins Engines Company Limited | Exhaust gas flowhood with treatment fluid injector and variable mounting angle |
CN111566323A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2020-08-21 | 珀金斯发动机有限公司 | Exhaust flow hood with treatment fluid injector and variable mounting angle |
US11162401B2 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2021-11-02 | Perkins Engines Company Limited | Exhaust gas flowhood with treatment fluid injector and variable mounting angle |
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