US20150111664A1 - Golf club head with multi-material components - Google Patents
Golf club head with multi-material components Download PDFInfo
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- US20150111664A1 US20150111664A1 US14/580,841 US201414580841A US2015111664A1 US 20150111664 A1 US20150111664 A1 US 20150111664A1 US 201414580841 A US201414580841 A US 201414580841A US 2015111664 A1 US2015111664 A1 US 2015111664A1
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- Prior art keywords
- golf club
- club head
- insert
- present
- striking face
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
- A63B53/0466—Heads wood-type
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
- A63B53/0458—Heads with non-uniform thickness of the impact face plate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
- A63B53/0458—Heads with non-uniform thickness of the impact face plate
- A63B53/0462—Heads with non-uniform thickness of the impact face plate characterised by tapering thickness of the impact face plate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
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- A63B2053/0425—
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- A63B2053/0429—
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
- A63B53/0416—Heads having an impact surface provided by a face insert
- A63B53/042—Heads having an impact surface provided by a face insert the face insert consisting of a material different from that of the head
- A63B53/0425—Heads having an impact surface provided by a face insert the face insert consisting of a material different from that of the head the face insert comprising two or more different materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
- A63B53/0416—Heads having an impact surface provided by a face insert
- A63B53/0429—Heads having an impact surface provided by a face insert the face insert comprising two or more layers of material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
- A63B53/0433—Heads with special sole configurations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
- A63B53/0437—Heads with special crown configurations
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a golf club head having a portion of the golf club head portion made from more than one material.
- the present invention relates to a metalwood type golf club head wherein a secondary material is used to form a chip insert to be placed in a cavity formed away from the geometric center of the striking face portion of the golf club head; wherein the secondary material could have higher or even lower modulus when compared to the remainder of the striking face.
- the striking face portion due to the unique construction, may generally be formed together using diffusion bonding, liquid interface diffusion, or super plastic forming techniques to achieve the desired bond strength.
- the metalwood type golf club head by incorporating a secondary material around a geometric center of the striking face portion, improves the overall performance of the golf club head by either significantly increasing the size of the sweet spot of a golf club head or dramatically increasing the coefficient of restitution.
- a golfer In order to perform well in the game of golf, a golfer needs to be able to execute a variety of different golf shots; with each one of them focusing on a different aspect of the golf game. For example, in order to execute a good chip and or pitch shot, a golfer needs to be able to control the trajectory, distance, and spin of a golf ball for the golf ball to come to rest at a location that is as close to the pin as possible; or more preferably in the hole. In another example, in order to execute a good iron shot, a golfer needs to control the distance and dispersion of the golf shot to ensure that it lands on the green; sacrificing some accuracy in an attempt to achieve distance gains.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,932,716 shows one attempt of increasing the overall distance of a driver type golf club by increasing the coefficient of restitution of the driver type golf club head. More specifically U.S. Pat. No. 6,932,716 attempts to achieve this by creating a golf club head having a matrix layer composed of an interconnected reinforcement structure and a polymer material, wherein the matrix layer provides the golf club head with a greater coefficient of restitution during impact with a golf ball.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,719,644 provides another example of increasing the distance of a driver type golf club head by using shallow markings that prevent stress fracture, resulting in a thinner face that provides improved coefficient of restitution.
- 7,413,520 discloses a golf club head having a volume ranging from 450 cubic centimeters to 475 cubic centimeters, a mass ranging from 180 grams to 225 grams, and a front to back length ranging from 4.0 inches to 5.0 inches. Moreover, U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,520 also illustrates one of the incidental effects is an increase in the moment of inertia, Iyy, about the center of gravity of the golf club head achieving numbers greater than 4000 grams-centimeters squared.
- 5,839,975 provides one of the earlier attempts of identifying and increasing the size of the sweet spot of a golf club head, it does so by adding additional material to the internal cavity of the golf club head, which can often be undesirable. In order to achieve the same goal without adding weights, a golf club designer could potentially use different materials to form the striking face.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,023 shows an early attempt at the usage of multiple different materials at or near the striking face portion of the golf club head, however, it does so in an attempt to increase the overall flying distance of a golf ball, and makes no mention of increasing the size of the sweet spot.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,795,023 discloses a golf club that fixes the striking face of the club head with a ceramic face plate made of a sintered body of metallic oxides such as alumina ceramics, mullite ceramics, etc.
- U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,938 provides a more modern attempt to use multiple different materials by using composite articles on the face plate. More specifically, U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,938 discloses a golf club head having a composite face plate, wherein the composite face plate can be made by first forming an oversized lay-up of multiple prepreg plies having a central portion and a sacrificial portion surrounding the central portion. The lay-up is at least partially cured in a mold under elevated pressure and heat, then the lay-up is then removed from the mold and the sacrificial portion is removed from the central portion to form a composite part that is substantially free of defects.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,023 U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,938 makes no mention of the ability to increase the sweet spot of a golf club head.
- a golf club head comprising a striking face portion, located at a frontal portion of the golf club head, and a body portion attached to an aft portion of the striking face portion.
- the striking face portion further comprises a first outer layer, made out of a first material, a second backing layer, made out of a similar material as the first outer layer, and a chip insert, made out of second material.
- the first outer layer forms an exterior surface of the striking face portion and the second backing layer forms an interior surface of the striking face portion wherein the first outer layer and the second backing layer combine to form a cavity substantially near a geometric center of the striking face portion.
- the chip insert is placed within the cavity, wherein the striking face portion has a Face Thickness Ratio of less than about 0.875, the Face Thickness Ratio is defined as a thickness of the first outer layer at the geometric center divided by a thickness of the second backing layer at the geometric center.
- a golf club head comprising a striking face portion, located at a frontal portion of the golf club head, and a body portion attached to an aft portion of the striking face portion.
- the striking face portion further comprises a first outer layer, made out of a first material, a second backing layer, made out of a similar material as the first outer layer, and a chip insert, made out of second material.
- the first outer layer forms an exterior surface of the striking face portion and the second backing layer forms an interior surface of the striking face portion wherein the first outer layer and the second backing layer combine to form a cavity substantially near a geometric center of the striking face portion.
- the chip insert is placed within the cavity, wherein the first material is different from the second material, and the second material has a Young's modulus that is greater than a Young's modulus of the first material.
- a golf club head comprising a striking face portion, located at a frontal portion of the golf club head, and a body portion attached to an aft portion of the striking face portion.
- the striking face portion further comprises a first outer layer, made out of a first material, a second backing layer, made out of a similar material as the first outer layer, and a chip insert, made out of second material.
- the first outer layer forms an exterior surface of the striking face portion and the second backing layer forms an interior surface of the striking face portion wherein the first outer layer and the second backing layer combine to form a cavity substantially near a geometric center of the striking face portion.
- the chip insert is placed within the cavity, wherein the striking face portion is formed using a liquid interface diffusion process.
- FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings shows a frontal view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, allowing cross-sectional lines A-A′ to be shown;
- FIG. 3 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention taken along cross-sectional line A-A′;
- FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of a face insert containing a chip insert in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 6 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 7 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 8 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 9 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 10 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 11 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of a face insert containing a chip insert in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 12 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of a face insert containing a chip insert in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 13 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 14 of the accompanying drawings shows a an exploded view of a face insert containing two or more inserts in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 15 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken a circle C shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 16 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 17 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 18 of the accompanying drawings shows a an exploded view of a face insert containing two or more inserts in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 19 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken a circle C shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 20 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 21 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 22 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 23 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 24 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 25 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 26 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 27 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 30 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle D shown in FIG. 29 ;
- FIG. 31 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle D shown in FIG. 29 during in intermediary manufacturing step.
- FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head 100 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a golf club head 100 having a striking face portion 102 and a body portion 104 . It should be noted that in this current exemplary embodiment, the striking face portion 102 may further comprise of a face insert 106 to allow the manufacturers to manipulate the geometry of the rear surface of the striking face portion 102 . However, in order to truly understand the inventive features of the present invention, one must look into the cross-sectional view of the striking face portion 102 and/or the face insert 106 that can show the multiple materials used to construct the face insert 106 .
- the present invention does not require the usage of a face insert 106 ; in fact, the present invention is intended to include any type of multi-material construction near the striking face portion 102 such as a face cup, an L-cup, or any other construction without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings shows a frontal view of a golf club head 200 , allowing cross-sectional lines A-A′ to be drawn.
- FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings also shows a geometric center 205 of the striking face portion 202 .
- the geometric center 205 of the striking face portion 202 is important to the current invention because the placement of the secondary material may generally be substantially behind the geometric center 205 of the striking face portion 202 .
- FIG. 3 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head 300 taken along cross-sectional line A-A′ shown in FIG. 2 .
- the cross-sectional view of golf club head 300 shows the multi-material composition of the striking face portion 302 of the golf club head. More specifically, the striking face portion 302 further comprises of a first outer layer 310 , a second backing layer 312 , and a chip insert 314 juxtaposed or encapsulated between the first outer layer 310 and the second backing layer 312 .
- the first outer layer 310 as disclosed in this exemplary embodiment of the present invention may generally be formed out of a first material.
- the first material may generally be a titanium type material having a Young's modulus of between about 80 GPa to about 130 GPa, more preferably between about 90 GPa to about 120 GPa, and most preferably between about 95 GPa to about 115 GPa.
- the first material need not be made out of a titanium material, and could be made out of any material that is sufficiently durable to endure the impact forces with a golf ball without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- First outer layer 310 although shown in FIG. 3 to be a thin sheet of titanium, can also be created using a sprayed coating type of titanium without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. Because it is generally desirable to keep the thickness of first outer layer 310 as thin as possible to minimize its size and weight, the present construction can be achieved by spray coating the front surface of the striking face portion 302 to significantly reduce the thickness of the first outer layer 310 , and to meet the USGA requirement that indicates the frontal face portion has to be all made of the same material.
- the second backing layer 312 may generally be formed out of a similar first material used to form the first outer layer 310 .
- Similar material as referred to in this particular reference may be other types of titanium such as Ti-811, SP-700, 15-3-3-3, or any a alloy, any f3 alloy, or even a-f3 alloys.
- the first material although generally titanium as discussed above, could be made out of any other material as well.
- first outer layer 310 and the second backing layer 312 may generally be made out of a similar titanium material for its high strength and low density characteristics, they could also be made out of completely different materials to achieve different goals and objectives without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. It should be noted here that the first outer layer 310 and the second backing layer 312 combine with one another to form a cavity 313 substantially near a geometric center; adapted to receive a chip insert 314 .
- the cavity 313 may generally have a geometric shape that is identical to the geometric shape of the chip insert 314 to ensure proper bonding of all the components.
- cavity 313 need not have the exact same geometry as the chip insert 314 , in fact it can take on other geometric shapes without departing from the scope and content of the present invention so long as it has enough interface with the chip insert 314 to ensure a secure bond between the first outer layer 310 , the second backing layer 312 , and itself.
- Chip insert 314 may generally formed out a second material, which is different from the first material. More specifically, the second material may generally have a Young's modulus greater than the Young's modulus of the first material to allow the central portion of the golf club head to move in and out of the golf club head 300 as a single unitary entity to improve performance. Even more specifically, the second material may generally have a Young's modulus of greater than about 130 GPa, more preferably greater than about 150 GPa, and most preferably greater than about 170 GPa.
- the second material may generally have a yield strength of greater than about 500 MPa, more preferably greater than about 600 MPa, and most preferably greater than about 700 MPa.
- the second material may generally have an ultimate tensile strength of greater than about 750 MPa, more preferably greater than about 850 MPa, and most preferably greater than about 950 MPa.
- FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawing showing an exploded view of the first outer layer 410 , second backing layer 412 having a cavity 413 , and the chip insert 414 , provides a clearer illustration of the relationship between the various components used to construct this multi-material striking face portion 402 .
- the ability to seamlessly bond the components together requires more explanation.
- numerous bonding methods such as welding and brazing could potentially be used to join the components of the striking face portion 402 together, those methodologies generally do not provide a sufficiently strong enough bond amongst the various components to withstand the high impact forces generally associated with the striking face portion 402 of a golf club head.
- the present invention incorporates numerous advanced bonding technologies such as diffusion bonding, liquid interface diffusion, diffusion brazing, or even super plastic forming to name a few, as these methodologies, amongst others, could be used achieve the bond strength needed for golf club head applications.
- the first outer layer 410 , the second backing layer 412 , and the chip insert 414 may be formed together using diffusion bonding techniques.
- Diffusion bonding is a solid state welding process by which two metals can be bonded together by causing a migration of atoms across the interface by increasing concentration gradients.
- Diffusion bonding techniques generally involve heating up the materials to an elevated temperature for an extended period of time to allow the materials to create an extremely strong bond across a large surface. More details about the diffusion bonding process can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,367,899, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the diffusion bonding of materials is difficult requiring the heating of the parts in a very low oxygen atmosphere such as a vacuum or inert gas under pressure.
- a very low oxygen atmosphere such as a vacuum or inert gas under pressure.
- the two bonding surfaces be very clean and very flat, allowing the transportation of atoms across the interface to occur unimpeded.
- it is physically possible to achieve a surface finish that is sufficiently clean and flat it is difficult to achieve such a finish for over a large sized bonding surface.
- the present invention in order to improve upon the drawbacks of the diffusion bonding process, could incorporate an interlayer without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- the interlayer may generally be a thin cold rolled titanium alloy that can be diffusion bonded easily between two sheets of material that can be difficult to bond via diffusion bonding over a large surface.
- the current interlayer may generally contain materials such as iron, nickel, or cobalt, as the atoms of these material have high diffusivity with titanium. These elements are also advantageous because they are beta stabilizers in titanium, and therefore lowering the beta transition temperatures of the alloy.
- the materials used for the interlayer could be any of the following materials all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention: ATI 425, SP-700EXHM, Ti-10-2-3, Ti18, Ti54M, Ti-9, or VL-Ti.
- the components of the striking face portion 402 may be joined together using liquid interface diffusion techniques.
- Liquid interface diffusion bonds eliminates some of the drawbacks of plain diffusion bonding by utilizing a titanium alloy interface material, an eutectic material, or a ternary material to lesson the surface preparation needed. More specifically, because of the existence of the titanium alloy interface material, liquid interface diffusion drastically reduces the smoothness, cleanliness, and flatness requirement of the mating surfaces to ensure proper diffusion bonding. More details about liquid interface diffusion can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,957,194, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the components of the striking face portion 402 may be joined together using super plastic forming.
- Super plastic forming is a metalworking process for forming metallic sheets based on the theory of superelasticity.
- the super plastic forming process may generally involve metals having ultra fine grain size being heated up to promote superelasticity, allowing large and complex geometries to be created in one operation. More details about super plastic forming can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,603,808, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- FIG. 5 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged view of circle C shown in FIG. 3 , allowing more details regarding the striking face portion 502 to be shown.
- the striking face portion 502 has all of the same components such as a first outer layer 510 having a first thickness d1, a second backing layer 512 having a second thickness d2, and a chip insert 514 having a third thickness d3.
- the measurement of the relative thicknesses d1, d2, and d3 may all generally be taken at the geometric center of the striking face portion 502 , despite the fact that the FIG. 5 has illustrates the relative thicknesses at locations that are slightly offset from the center for ease of illustration.
- First thickness d1 may be kept relatively thin to save unnecessary weight as the front of the face is in compression during impact.
- the internal stress caused by the compression forces experienced by the first outer layer 510 may generally be smaller than the internal stress caused by the tension forces experienced by the back of the striking face portion 502 , hence lessening the thickness requirement of thickness d1.
- first thickness d1 may generally be less than about 0.7 mm, more preferably less than about 0.6 mm, and most preferably less than about 0.5 mm.
- Second backing layer 512 having a second thickness d2 is the part of the striking face portion 502 that is subjected to the highest internal stress as it comes in tension due to impact with a golf ball; hence requiring the second thickness d2 to be significantly thicker than the first thickness d1. More specifically, second thickness d2 may generally be greater than about 0.8 mm, more preferably thicker than 0.9 mm, and most preferably thicker than 1.0 mm. Finally, third thickness d3 shows the thickness of the chip insert 514 , wherein thickness d3 may generally be between about 1.8 mm to about 2.2 mm, more preferably between about 1.9 mm to about 2.1 mm, most preferably about 2.0 mm.
- the thickness d2 of the second backing layer 512 needs to be significantly greater than the thickness of the first outer layer 510 .
- a “Face Thickness Ratio” is created below in Equation (1) to capture the relationship between thickness d1 and thickness d2.
- the striking face portion 502 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may generally have a “Face Thickness Ratio” of less than about 0.875, more preferably less than about 0.66, and most preferably less than about 0.50.
- Chip insert 514 may generally be substantially circular or oval in shape with a major axis length of about 21.75 mm and a minor axis of about 11.63 mm. Combined with an approximate thickness of about 2.0 mm described above, the chip insert 514 may generally have a volume of about 371.45 mm 3 ; however minor deviations in the total volume of the chip insert 514 could occur while still achieving the same performance gains. More specifically, chip insert 514 may have a volume of between about 300 mm 3 and about 400 mm 3 , or even a volume of between about 250 mm 3 and 450 mm 3 , all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- the chip insert 514 may generally have a mass of less than 3.0 grams, more preferably less than 2.95 grams, and most preferably less than 2.90 grams.
- the chip insert 514 may take on a dome like shape, with the flat side facing the first outer layer 510 and the rounded side facing the second backing layer 512 .
- This specific construction eliminates sharp corners at the rear of the second backing layer 512 , which could be points of elevated stress when subjected to impact forces. Because the tension stresses at the second backing layer 512 is significantly higher than the compressive stresses at the first outer layer 510 , it is important to keep the rounded side of the cavity on the second backing layer 512 .
- the flat side of the dome interacts with the first outer layer 510 because the compressive stresses are not as significant, and because this type of dome cavity construction is easier to create using traditional machining methods.
- FIG. 6 of the accompanying drawing shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a striking face portion 602 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein the chip insert 614 takes on a disk like shape instead of a dome like shape.
- Making the chip insert 614 out of a disk like shape instead of a dome like shape may further improve the performance of the golf club head by increasing the size of the sweet spot; however such geometry could make it more difficult to manufacture.
- FIG. 6 shows the first outer layer 610 having a plurality of protrusions 616 at the rear of the first outer layer 610 to eliminate any gaps between the components.
- FIG. 7 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a striking face portion 702 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein the chip insert 714 takes on a disk like shape instead of a dome like shape.
- striking face portion 702 in this embodiment has a different parting line allowing the cavity to be formed partially on the first outer layer 710 and partially on the second backing layer 712 .
- This type of construction allows the utilization of a disk shaped chip insert 714 without abnormal shapes on either of the components.
- FIG. 8 of the accompanying drawings shows a an enlarged cross-sectional view of a striking face portion 802 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein the chip insert 814 has a corrugated geometry. Having a chip insert 814 with a corrugated construction allows the chip insert 814 to achieve the high stiffness required all while reducing the overall weight of the chip insert 814 .
- FIG. 9 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a striking face portion 902 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein an extra intermediate layer 916 is sandwiched in between first outer layer 910 and the second backing layer 912 .
- the incorporation of an extra intermediate layer 916 significantly simplifies manufacturing, as both first outer layer 910 and the second backing layer 912 can now be made out of completely flat surfaces. The only machining that needs to be done to create a cavity for the chip insert 914 is in the intermediate layer 916 , which can be easily accomplished without any limitations on the depth of the cavity.
- intermediate layer 916 may generally be constructed out of a similar material as the first outer layer 910 and the second backing layer 912 , however, intermediate layer 916 could be constructed out of completely different materials without departing from the scope and content of the present invention so long as it is capable of being formed together with the other components.
- FIG. 10 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a striking face portion 1002 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein it only has a second backing layer 1012 having a cavity that is filled in with a chip insert 1014 .
- the striking face portion 1002 does not have a first outer layer to cover up the chip insert 1014 to ensure that the outer striking surface is of uniform material.
- this embodiment may not conform to the current USGA rules of golf requiring the striking face to be made out of a uniform material, it could potentially provide significant performance gains from all other previously mentioned embodiments that add unnecessary weight to the frontal surface of the striking face portion 1002 .
- the frontal portion of the striking face portion 1002 could be covered with a thin film of titanium or any other material to achieve the weight savings of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 all while visually conforming to the USGA requirements.
- FIG. 11 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of a striking face portion 1102 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, in this alternative embodiment of the present invention the first outer layer 1110 may not need to occupy the entire frontal surface to achieve the same objectives. Although this embodiment shown in FIG. 11 may require more machining work in terms of machining out an outer pocket 1115 in addition to the cavity 1113 , it significantly reduces the bonding surface between the components. The reduction of the bonding surface may be desirable in situations that involve diffusion bonding or liquid interface diffusion processes are used, as both of these processes require significant surface preparation to achieve a bond.
- the first outer layer 1110 in this current exemplary embodiment may take on the shape of a circular disk in order to provide a shape that is easier to machine, however, as it will be shown in more detail later, first outer layer 1110 may take on any shape that is smaller than the outer perimeter of the striking face portion 1102 without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- the first outer layer 1110 may generally be made out of the same titanium material as the second backing layer 1112 allowing the end product to have a uniform striking surface in conformity with the USGA rules.
- the first outer layer 1110 may be formed out of a substantially similar, or even completely different material than the second backing layer 1112 without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of a striking face portion 1202 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- the first outer layer 1210 may have a shape that significantly resembles the shape of the chip insert 1214 , but large enough to cover the chip insert 1214 itself.
- the outer pocket 1215 may also take on the similar shape of the first outer layer 1210 without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. Having the first outer layer 1210 take on a shape that is similar to the shape of the chip insert 1214 may provide a more focused shape for the first outer layer 1210 , further reducing the amount of surface preparation needed for the diffusion bonding of the various components.
- FIG. 13 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the embodiments of the present invention wherein the first outer layer 1310 may not cover up the entire frontal striking surface of the golf club head. More specifically, as the cross-sectional image of FIG. 13 shows, the first outer layer 1310 may only partially cover the frontal striking surface.
- the cross-sectional view of this embodiment also shows that the bonding surfaces between the components to be significantly reduced, to minimize the surface preparation needed for diffusion bonding techniques.
- FIG. 14 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged exploded view of a face insert 1406 in accordance with this alternative embodiment of the present invention containing a first outer layer 1410 , an upper insert 1420 corresponding to an upper cavity 1421 , a lower insert 1422 corresponding to a lower cavity 1423 , and a backing plate 1424 located at a rear portion of the face insert 1406 corresponding to a rear cavity 1425 .
- This specific relationship between the various components creates a relationship wherein the backing layer is adapted to directly contact the first outer layer, the upper insert, and the lower insert, simultaneously.
- the upper and lower inserts 1420 and 1422 respectively are made out of a material of a relative high Young's modulus, especially when compared to the material used to form the first outer layer 1410 of the face insert 1406 .
- these inserts When these inserts are placed away from the geometric center of the face insert 1406 , they no longer serve the purpose of increasing the size of the sweet spot. Instead, the incorporation of the inserts away from the geometric center of the face insert 1406 now serve the purpose of increasing the overall coefficient of restitution of the face insert 1406 by creating an ultra-thin and compliant portion near the geometric center, while using the upper and lower inserts 1420 and 1422 to expand that area of high compliance while maintaining the durability requirements by providing some sort of support.
- FIG. 15 provides a cross-sectional view of a face insert 1506 of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention incorporating two or more inserts away from a geometric center of the face insert 1506 .
- the first outer layer 1510 may generally be made out of a Ti 15-3-3-3 material with a thickness d4 of about 1.0 mm at its thinnest area and a thickness d6 of about 2.7 mm at its thickest area. More specifically, thickness d4 may generally be between about 0.75 mm to about 1.25 mm, more preferably between about 0.85 mm to about 1.15 mm, and most preferably about 1.0 mm; while thickness d6 may generally be greater than about 2.50 mm, more preferably greater than about 2.60 mm, most preferably greater than about 2.70 mm all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- the first material used to form the first outer layer 1510 may generally have a low Young's modulus to generate more flexural stiffness that could create more ballspeed.
- the Young's modulus of the first material is preferably less than about 100 GPa, more preferably less than about 90 GPa, and most preferably less than about 85 GPa.
- the upper insert 1520 and the lower insert 1522 may generally be comprised out of the same material having the same thickness. More specifically, the upper and lower inserts 1520 and 1522 may generally be comprised out of a Ti-6-4 material that may have a thickness d5 and d7 of about 1.2 mm in order to adjust the difference in the stress points across the different regions of the face. However, the thickness d5 and d7 of the upper and lower inserts 1520 and 1522 may differ slightly from the 1.2 mm number mentioned above in the ranges of between about 1.0 mm to about 1.4 mm, and more preferably between about 1.1 mm to about 1.3 mm all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- the Young's modulus of a second material used to form the upper insert 1520 and the lower insert 1522 may generally have a higher Young's modulus than the first material. More specifically, the Young's modulus of the second material may generally be greater than about 125 GPa, more preferably greater than about 130 GPa, and most preferably greater than about 135 GPa.
- the upper insert 1520 and the lower insert 1522 are generally made of the same material having the same thickness, the materials and the thickness' could differ from one another to achieve a different objective without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. Because the face insert 1506 of a golf club head experiences higher stress levels near the crown portion, and less stress levels near the sole portion, the material of the upper and lower inserts 1520 and 1522 respectively could be adjusted to further enhance the performance.
- the upper insert 1520 could be made out of a second material that is a Ti-6-4 material described above, while the lower insert may be constructed out of a third material that is a Ti 15-5-3 material having a Young's modulus of about 75 GPa. Despite the fact that the third material has a lower Young's modulus than the second material, it still has a higher Young's modulus than the first material in this embodiment.
- the backing plate 1524 may general be comprised out of a high strength titanium such as Ti-8-1-1 to create structural support for the face insert itself.
- the thickness d8 of the backing plate 1524 may generally be less than about 0.70 mm, more preferably less than about 0.60 mm, and most preferably less than about 0.50 mm, all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- This fourth material may generally be a Ti-8-1-1 material having a Young's modulus of between about 115 GPa and about 130 GPa, more preferably between about 118 GPa and about 127 GPa, and most preferably about 125 GPA all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head incorporating a face insert 1606 with the multiple materials inserts located away from the geometric center of the face insert 1606 .
- This cross-sectional view of the golf club head illustrates how the face insert 1606 engages the body portion 1604 of the golf club head in terms of their relative thickness.
- the transition zone 1632 between the face insert 1606 and the body portion 1604 is kept at the same consistent thickness of d6 as previously described in FIG. 15 of the accompanying drawings. This consistency in maintaining the thickness of the face insert 1606 and the body portion 1604 near the junction promotes more consistency in the stress levels across the transition to ensure more face compliance to increase the coefficient of restitution.
- FIG. 17 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, the golf club head shown in FIG. 17 illustrates a transition zone 1732 that has a difference in thickness from the face insert 1706 portion to the body portion 1704 . Even more specifically, the thickness of the face insert 1706 in this embodiment may generally be thicker than the remainder of the body portion 1704 to achieve greater strength and durability. This difference in thickness between the two components will generally result in a stair stepped transition zone 1732 both at the top and bottom of the face insert 1706 .
- FIG. 18 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of a face insert 1806 in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention containing a first outer layer 1810 corresponding to an outer cavity 1825 , an upper insert 1820 corresponding to an upper cavity 1821 , a lower insert 1822 corresponding to a lower cavity 1823 , and a backing body 1824 located at a rear portion of the face insert 1806 forming the outer cavity 1825 , the upper cavity 1821 , and the lower cavity 1823 .
- This embodiment differs from the face insert 1406 shown in FIG. 14 by reversing the orientation of the first outer layer 1810 , the upper insert 1820 , the lower insert 1822 , and the backing body 1824 .
- the first outer layer 1810 is in the shape of a plate at the frontal portion of the face insert 1806 , while the upper and lower inserts 1820 and 1822 respectively are placed just behind the first outer layer 1810 .
- the backing body 1824 which contains the upper cavity 1821 , the lower cavity 1823 , and the frontal cavity 1825 , is placed at the rear portion of the face insert 1806 .
- the alternative embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 18 may be preferred over the reverse orientation shown in FIG. 14 in situations where the bond between the layer can be difficult to achieve via the bonding processes described above. In these situations, it might be beneficial to reverse the orientation and placement of the components to have the loose components be placed on the compression side of a golf ball impact with the striking face instead of the tension side of a golf ball impact with the striking face. Having the loose components be installed on the frontal compression side of the striking face will prevent these components such as the first outer layer 1810 , the upper insert 1820 and the lower insert 1822 from coming apart from one another as the compressive forces will strengthen the bond of the components; whereas the tension forces will weaken the bond of the components if installed at the rear portion.
- FIG. 19 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head incorporating the face insert 1906 with multiple material inserts as described in the previous embodiment in FIG. 18 .
- the first outer layer 1910 is located at the outer surface of the face insert 1906 with an upper and lower insert 1920 and 1922 located right behind it. All three of the components are then assembled to a backing body 1924 having corresponding cavities for the aforementioned components to create the face insert 1906 .
- FIGS. 20-26 show alternative embodiments of the present invention wherein the similar materials with different properties can be joined together to improve the performance of the golf club head.
- the joining of similar materials with slightly different properties may be preferential to earlier embodiments where the bonding process involves two completely different materials; as similar materials are easier to bond to one another using the processes discussed above.
- the two similar materials may be two different types of titanium materials having different Young's modulus such as Ti-8-1-1-1 and Ti 6-4; however different types of materials may be used without departing from the scope and content of the present invention as long as they have a different Young's modulus.
- FIGS. 20-26 may utilize different geometric assemblies of the material, all of the geometries derive from the analysis of the impact forces occurring during contact with a golf ball.
- a material with a higher Young's modulus may be used at locations where the striking face will experience higher stress levels; while a material with a lower Young's modulus may be used at locations where the striking face will experience lower stress levels.
- Higher Young's modulus titanium materials may be any of Ti 8-1-1-1, Ti 15-3-3-3, Ti 15-5-3, SP700 or SP700HM with a Young's modulus of greater than about 110 GP, more preferably greater than about 115 GPa, and most preferably greater than about 120 GPa, to name a few.
- the lower Young's modulus titanium materials may be any of Ti 6-4, Ti 3-2.5, Ti 3-1-1-1, or Ti 5-1-1-1 with a Young's modulus of less than about 110 GPa more preferably less than about 105 GPa, and most preferably less than about 100 GPa, to name a few.
- FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of a golf club head 2000 with two dissimilar types of titanium materials 2052 and 2054 forming the face insert 2006 .
- the first titanium material 2052 may be a titanium material with a lower Young's modulus while the second titanium material 2054 may be a titanium material with a higher Young's modulus.
- the second titanium material 2054 may have a higher Young's modulus than the first titanium material 2052 .
- FIG. 21 of the accompanying drawings also shows a perspective view of a golf club head 2100 , with the dissimilar titanium materials 2152 and 2154 having a different geometric composition to create the face insert 2106 .
- the first titanium material 2152 may generally be a titanium material with a lower Young's modulus while the second titanium material 2154 may be a titanium material with a higher Young's modulus.
- FIGS. 22-26 all share the similar concept as FIGS. 20-21 discussed above, and merely show different geometric shapes used for the first titanium material 2252 , 2352 , 2452 , 2552 , and 2652 with a lower Young's modulus as well as for the second titanium material 2254 , 2354 , 2454 , 2554 , and 2654 with a higher Young's modulus.
- the different geometries shown in the different embodiments in FIG. 22-26 may look significantly different on its face, but all of the specific geometries are based on strengthening the high stress regions of the striking face with a titanium material having higher Young's modulus.
- FIG. 27 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head 2700 in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- the chip insert 2714 may be located at different locations of the golf club head 2700 away from the striking face portion 2702 of the golf club head 2700 .
- FIG. 27 illustrates an embodiment wherein the chip insert 2714 placed near a frontal portion of the crown portion of the body portion 2704 .
- the placement of the chip insert 2714 at the location shown in FIG. 27 may be beneficial because that portion of the golf club head 2700 could be subjected to higher stress during impact with a golf ball.
- the length of the chip insert 2714 may span across a majority of the frontal topline portion of the crown of the golf club head 2700 .
- the length of the chip insert 2714 could be longer or shorter than illustrated without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- two or more chip inserts 2714 could be used at different locations in the golf club head 2700 without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of a golf club head 2800 in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein two or more chip inserts 2814 are placed on the crown portion of the golf club head 2800 .
- the placement of the chip insert 2814 at the locations shown in FIG. 28 may be beneficial to reduce stress only at the locations shown, and may be necessary depending on the design of the striking face 2806 .
- the chip insert 2814 may even be placed in the sole portion of the golf club head 2800 without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is provided below.
- FIG. 29 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head 2900 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein a chip insert 2914 is placed at both the crown portion of the golf club head 2900 as well as the sole portion of the golf club head 2900 .
- a chip insert 2914 it may be beneficial to add a chip insert 2914 to the frontal sole portion of the golf club head 2900 , especially in designs that will create an increase in stress at the sole portion of the golf club head 2900 .
- FIG. 29 also illustrates circular region D which will, in subsequent figures, provide a close up of how the chip insert 2914 is incorporated into the golf club head 2900 .
- FIG. 30 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the chip insert 3014 incorporated into the crown portion of the golf club head as shown by circular region D in FIG. 29 .
- the chip insert 3014 is actually not directly incorporated in to the crown portion of the body 3004 of the golf club head.
- the chip insert 3014 is generally joined into another titanium insert 3060 via one of the bonding process discussed above such as diffusion bonding, liquid interface bonding, or even superplastic forming techniques all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- a titanium insert 3060 is used in this embodiment of the invention is because the crown of the golf club head may often be created from a large piece of titanium, and subjecting the entire sheet of titanium to a bonding process could be difficult to work with.
- a titanium insert 3060 is used to encapsulate the chip insert 3060 . Once the titanium insert 3060 has been bonded with the chip insert 3014 , the titanium insert 3060 can then be welded to the body 3004 of the golf club head to seamlessly incorporate the chip insert 3014 into the crown portion of the golf club head.
- the chip insert 3014 could be incorporated into any location on the golf club head itself without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the titanium insert 3160 having the chip insert 3114 already bonded but prior to being welded to the body portion 3104 of the golf club head.
- the body portion 3104 may have a plurality of tabs 3162 to help with the welding process between the body portion 3104 and the titanium insert 3160 .
- This tab 3162 will not be visible after the bonding has been completed, but could help provide structural rigidity as well as extra bonding material needed to complete the bonding process.
Abstract
Description
- The present application is a Continuation-In-Part (CIP) of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/099,748, filed Dec. 6, 2013, which is a Continuation-In-Part (CIP) of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/596,271, filed on Aug. 28, 2012, which is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/207,344, filed Aug. 10, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,409,032, the disclosure of which are all incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- The present invention relates generally to a golf club head having a portion of the golf club head portion made from more than one material. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a metalwood type golf club head wherein a secondary material is used to form a chip insert to be placed in a cavity formed away from the geometric center of the striking face portion of the golf club head; wherein the secondary material could have higher or even lower modulus when compared to the remainder of the striking face. The striking face portion, due to the unique construction, may generally be formed together using diffusion bonding, liquid interface diffusion, or super plastic forming techniques to achieve the desired bond strength. The metalwood type golf club head, by incorporating a secondary material around a geometric center of the striking face portion, improves the overall performance of the golf club head by either significantly increasing the size of the sweet spot of a golf club head or dramatically increasing the coefficient of restitution.
- In order to perform well in the game of golf, a golfer needs to be able to execute a variety of different golf shots; with each one of them focusing on a different aspect of the golf game. For example, in order to execute a good chip and or pitch shot, a golfer needs to be able to control the trajectory, distance, and spin of a golf ball for the golf ball to come to rest at a location that is as close to the pin as possible; or more preferably in the hole. In another example, in order to execute a good iron shot, a golfer needs to control the distance and dispersion of the golf shot to ensure that it lands on the green; sacrificing some accuracy in an attempt to achieve distance gains. Finally, in another example, in order to execute a good driver shot, a golfer needs to maximize the distance of the golf shot while maintaining a relatively straight flight path. Based on the above, it can be seen that as the clubs get longer and longer, less and less emphasis is placed on accuracy, and more and more emphasis is placed on distance.
- With respect to drive type shots, golf club designers have always attempted to design wood type golf clubs that increases the overall distance of the golf shot while maintaining a relatively straight flight path. U.S. Pat. No. 6,932,716 shows one attempt of increasing the overall distance of a driver type golf club by increasing the coefficient of restitution of the driver type golf club head. More specifically U.S. Pat. No. 6,932,716 attempts to achieve this by creating a golf club head having a matrix layer composed of an interconnected reinforcement structure and a polymer material, wherein the matrix layer provides the golf club head with a greater coefficient of restitution during impact with a golf ball. U.S. Pat. No. 6,719,644 provides another example of increasing the distance of a driver type golf club head by using shallow markings that prevent stress fracture, resulting in a thinner face that provides improved coefficient of restitution.
- In order to help golfers maintain a relative straight flight path in a drive type golf shot, golf club designers have attempted to create larger club heads that results in an increase in the moment of inertia of these oversized club heads; as an increase in the moment of inertia prevents the clubhead from undesirable twisting at impact that could send a golf shot off the intended path. U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,520 provides one example of increasing the overall size of the golf club head to help a golfer hit a ball straighter. More specifically, U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,520 discloses a golf club head having a volume ranging from 450 cubic centimeters to 475 cubic centimeters, a mass ranging from 180 grams to 225 grams, and a front to back length ranging from 4.0 inches to 5.0 inches. Moreover, U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,520 also illustrates one of the incidental effects is an increase in the moment of inertia, Iyy, about the center of gravity of the golf club head achieving numbers greater than 4000 grams-centimeters squared.
- Although increasing the coefficient of restitution and the moment of inertia of a golf club head both help a golfer hit a golf ball longer and straighter, they are not the be all and end all in achieving longer and straighter drives. In fact, the size of the sweet spot is another one of those factors that can make a significant difference, but is often overlooked. U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,975 identifies the importance of the sweet spot by creating a golf club head with a rib structure within the internal cavity of the golf club head to reinforce the club head to prevent collapse or other distortion while providing a relatively large sweet spot. Although U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,975 provides one of the earlier attempts of identifying and increasing the size of the sweet spot of a golf club head, it does so by adding additional material to the internal cavity of the golf club head, which can often be undesirable. In order to achieve the same goal without adding weights, a golf club designer could potentially use different materials to form the striking face.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,023 shows an early attempt at the usage of multiple different materials at or near the striking face portion of the golf club head, however, it does so in an attempt to increase the overall flying distance of a golf ball, and makes no mention of increasing the size of the sweet spot. U.S. Pat. No. 3,795,023 discloses a golf club that fixes the striking face of the club head with a ceramic face plate made of a sintered body of metallic oxides such as alumina ceramics, mullite ceramics, etc.
- U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,938 provides a more modern attempt to use multiple different materials by using composite articles on the face plate. More specifically, U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,938 discloses a golf club head having a composite face plate, wherein the composite face plate can be made by first forming an oversized lay-up of multiple prepreg plies having a central portion and a sacrificial portion surrounding the central portion. The lay-up is at least partially cured in a mold under elevated pressure and heat, then the lay-up is then removed from the mold and the sacrificial portion is removed from the central portion to form a composite part that is substantially free of defects. However, similar to U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,023, U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,938 makes no mention of the ability to increase the sweet spot of a golf club head.
- Hence, it can be seen from above, despite all the development in recognizing the importance of increasing the size of the sweet spot, the current art is incapable of achieving improvements in sweet spot size without adding undesirable weight. On the other hand, the only attempts of using multiple materials at the striking face without increasing weight fails to incorporate a design that could increase the size of the sweet spot. Hence, there is a need in the art for a golf club head that is capable of utilizing multiple materials in a way that can increase the size of the sweet spot of a golf club head.
- In one aspect of the present invention is a golf club head comprising a striking face portion, located at a frontal portion of the golf club head, and a body portion attached to an aft portion of the striking face portion. The striking face portion further comprises a first outer layer, made out of a first material, a second backing layer, made out of a similar material as the first outer layer, and a chip insert, made out of second material. The first outer layer forms an exterior surface of the striking face portion and the second backing layer forms an interior surface of the striking face portion wherein the first outer layer and the second backing layer combine to form a cavity substantially near a geometric center of the striking face portion. The chip insert is placed within the cavity, wherein the striking face portion has a Face Thickness Ratio of less than about 0.875, the Face Thickness Ratio is defined as a thickness of the first outer layer at the geometric center divided by a thickness of the second backing layer at the geometric center.
- In another aspect of the present invention is a golf club head comprising a striking face portion, located at a frontal portion of the golf club head, and a body portion attached to an aft portion of the striking face portion. The striking face portion further comprises a first outer layer, made out of a first material, a second backing layer, made out of a similar material as the first outer layer, and a chip insert, made out of second material. The first outer layer forms an exterior surface of the striking face portion and the second backing layer forms an interior surface of the striking face portion wherein the first outer layer and the second backing layer combine to form a cavity substantially near a geometric center of the striking face portion. The chip insert is placed within the cavity, wherein the first material is different from the second material, and the second material has a Young's modulus that is greater than a Young's modulus of the first material.
- In another aspect of the present invention is a golf club head comprising a striking face portion, located at a frontal portion of the golf club head, and a body portion attached to an aft portion of the striking face portion. The striking face portion further comprises a first outer layer, made out of a first material, a second backing layer, made out of a similar material as the first outer layer, and a chip insert, made out of second material. The first outer layer forms an exterior surface of the striking face portion and the second backing layer forms an interior surface of the striking face portion wherein the first outer layer and the second backing layer combine to form a cavity substantially near a geometric center of the striking face portion. The chip insert is placed within the cavity, wherein the striking face portion is formed using a liquid interface diffusion process.
- These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with references to the following drawings, description and claims.
- The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the invention.
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FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings shows a frontal view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, allowing cross-sectional lines A-A′ to be shown; -
FIG. 3 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention taken along cross-sectional line A-A′; -
FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of a face insert containing a chip insert in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 6 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 7 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 8 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 9 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 10 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 11 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of a face insert containing a chip insert in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 12 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of a face insert containing a chip insert in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 13 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle C shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 14 of the accompanying drawings shows a an exploded view of a face insert containing two or more inserts in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 15 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken a circle C shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 16 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 17 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 18 of the accompanying drawings shows a an exploded view of a face insert containing two or more inserts in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 19 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken a circle C shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 20 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 21 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 22 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 23 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 24 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 25 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 26 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 27 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 28 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of a golf club head in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 29 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 30 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle D shown inFIG. 29 ; and -
FIG. 31 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention taken at circle D shown inFIG. 29 during in intermediary manufacturing step. - The following detailed description is of the best currently contemplated modes of carrying out the invention. The description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.
- Various inventive features are described below that can each be used independently of one another or in combination with other features. However, any single inventive feature may not address any or all of the problems discussed above or may only address one of the problems discussed above. Further, one or more of the problems discussed above may not be fully addressed by any of the features described below.
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FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of agolf club head 100 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. More specifically,FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows agolf club head 100 having astriking face portion 102 and abody portion 104. It should be noted that in this current exemplary embodiment, thestriking face portion 102 may further comprise of aface insert 106 to allow the manufacturers to manipulate the geometry of the rear surface of thestriking face portion 102. However, in order to truly understand the inventive features of the present invention, one must look into the cross-sectional view of thestriking face portion 102 and/or theface insert 106 that can show the multiple materials used to construct theface insert 106. Before diving into a discussion regarding the multi-material construction of theface insert 106 it is worthwhile to establish here that although the subsequent figures will all utilize aface insert 106, the present invention does not require the usage of aface insert 106; in fact, the present invention is intended to include any type of multi-material construction near thestriking face portion 102 such as a face cup, an L-cup, or any other construction without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. - In order to show a cross-sectional view of the
striking face 102,FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings shows a frontal view of agolf club head 200, allowing cross-sectional lines A-A′ to be drawn. In addition to showing the cross-sectional lines A-A′,FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings also shows ageometric center 205 of thestriking face portion 202. Thegeometric center 205 of thestriking face portion 202 is important to the current invention because the placement of the secondary material may generally be substantially behind thegeometric center 205 of thestriking face portion 202. -
FIG. 3 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of agolf club head 300 taken along cross-sectional line A-A′ shown inFIG. 2 . The cross-sectional view ofgolf club head 300 shows the multi-material composition of thestriking face portion 302 of the golf club head. More specifically, thestriking face portion 302 further comprises of a firstouter layer 310, asecond backing layer 312, and a chip insert 314 juxtaposed or encapsulated between the firstouter layer 310 and thesecond backing layer 312. The firstouter layer 310, as disclosed in this exemplary embodiment of the present invention may generally be formed out of a first material. The first material may generally be a titanium type material having a Young's modulus of between about 80 GPa to about 130 GPa, more preferably between about 90 GPa to about 120 GPa, and most preferably between about 95 GPa to about 115 GPa. However, the first material need not be made out of a titanium material, and could be made out of any material that is sufficiently durable to endure the impact forces with a golf ball without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. - First
outer layer 310, although shown inFIG. 3 to be a thin sheet of titanium, can also be created using a sprayed coating type of titanium without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. Because it is generally desirable to keep the thickness of firstouter layer 310 as thin as possible to minimize its size and weight, the present construction can be achieved by spray coating the front surface of thestriking face portion 302 to significantly reduce the thickness of the firstouter layer 310, and to meet the USGA requirement that indicates the frontal face portion has to be all made of the same material. - The
second backing layer 312, as shown in this current exemplary embodiment of the present invention, may generally be formed out of a similar first material used to form the firstouter layer 310. Similar material, as referred to in this particular reference may be other types of titanium such as Ti-811, SP-700, 15-3-3-3, or any a alloy, any f3 alloy, or even a-f3 alloys. It should be noted here that once again, the first material, although generally titanium as discussed above, could be made out of any other material as well. Moreover, although the firstouter layer 310 and thesecond backing layer 312 may generally be made out of a similar titanium material for its high strength and low density characteristics, they could also be made out of completely different materials to achieve different goals and objectives without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. It should be noted here that the firstouter layer 310 and thesecond backing layer 312 combine with one another to form acavity 313 substantially near a geometric center; adapted to receive a chip insert 314. - The
cavity 313, as shown in the current exemplary embodiment of the present invention, may generally have a geometric shape that is identical to the geometric shape of the chip insert 314 to ensure proper bonding of all the components. However,cavity 313 need not have the exact same geometry as the chip insert 314, in fact it can take on other geometric shapes without departing from the scope and content of the present invention so long as it has enough interface with the chip insert 314 to ensure a secure bond between the firstouter layer 310, thesecond backing layer 312, and itself. - Chip insert 314, as shown in the current exemplary embodiment of the present invention, may generally formed out a second material, which is different from the first material. More specifically, the second material may generally have a Young's modulus greater than the Young's modulus of the first material to allow the central portion of the golf club head to move in and out of the
golf club head 300 as a single unitary entity to improve performance. Even more specifically, the second material may generally have a Young's modulus of greater than about 130 GPa, more preferably greater than about 150 GPa, and most preferably greater than about 170 GPa. In addition to having a high modulus of elasticity, the second material may generally have a yield strength of greater than about 500 MPa, more preferably greater than about 600 MPa, and most preferably greater than about 700 MPa. Finally, the second material may generally have an ultimate tensile strength of greater than about 750 MPa, more preferably greater than about 850 MPa, and most preferably greater than about 950 MPa. With the material properties of the chip insert 314 disclosed above, it can be seen that there are numerous materials that fit those characteristics, especially in view of the fact that the first material could deviate from titanium in some embodiments. However, in one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chip insert 314 may be constructed out of steel for its ease of availability just as much as for its innate ability to meet the criteria above. Numerous other materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel, ceramic, tungsten, plastic, carbide, boron carbide, metal injection molding materials, or any other material that fits the description above may all be used without departing from the scope and content of the present invention so long as it meets the material properties above. -
FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawing showing an exploded view of the firstouter layer 410,second backing layer 412 having acavity 413, and thechip insert 414, provides a clearer illustration of the relationship between the various components used to construct this multi-materialstriking face portion 402. Despite the relative small number of components involved in the construction of this multi-materialstriking face portion 402, the ability to seamlessly bond the components together requires more explanation. Although numerous bonding methods such as welding and brazing could potentially be used to join the components of thestriking face portion 402 together, those methodologies generally do not provide a sufficiently strong enough bond amongst the various components to withstand the high impact forces generally associated with thestriking face portion 402 of a golf club head. - In order to address the flaws of the traditional bonding methods, the present invention incorporates numerous advanced bonding technologies such as diffusion bonding, liquid interface diffusion, diffusion brazing, or even super plastic forming to name a few, as these methodologies, amongst others, could be used achieve the bond strength needed for golf club head applications.
- In one exemplary embodiment the first
outer layer 410, thesecond backing layer 412, and thechip insert 414 may be formed together using diffusion bonding techniques. Diffusion bonding is a solid state welding process by which two metals can be bonded together by causing a migration of atoms across the interface by increasing concentration gradients. Diffusion bonding techniques generally involve heating up the materials to an elevated temperature for an extended period of time to allow the materials to create an extremely strong bond across a large surface. More details about the diffusion bonding process can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,367,899, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. - As the discussion above has already mentioned, the diffusion bonding of materials is difficult requiring the heating of the parts in a very low oxygen atmosphere such as a vacuum or inert gas under pressure. In order to achieve a sound metallurgical bond, it is necessary that the two bonding surfaces be very clean and very flat, allowing the transportation of atoms across the interface to occur unimpeded. Although it is physically possible to achieve a surface finish that is sufficiently clean and flat, it is difficult to achieve such a finish for over a large sized bonding surface.
- The present invention, in order to improve upon the drawbacks of the diffusion bonding process, could incorporate an interlayer without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. The interlayer may generally be a thin cold rolled titanium alloy that can be diffusion bonded easily between two sheets of material that can be difficult to bond via diffusion bonding over a large surface. The current interlayer may generally contain materials such as iron, nickel, or cobalt, as the atoms of these material have high diffusivity with titanium. These elements are also advantageous because they are beta stabilizers in titanium, and therefore lowering the beta transition temperatures of the alloy. In the current invention, the materials used for the interlayer could be any of the following materials all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention: ATI 425, SP-700EXHM, Ti-10-2-3, Ti18, Ti54M, Ti-9, or VL-Ti.
- In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the components of the
striking face portion 402 may be joined together using liquid interface diffusion techniques. Liquid interface diffusion bonds eliminates some of the drawbacks of plain diffusion bonding by utilizing a titanium alloy interface material, an eutectic material, or a ternary material to lesson the surface preparation needed. More specifically, because of the existence of the titanium alloy interface material, liquid interface diffusion drastically reduces the smoothness, cleanliness, and flatness requirement of the mating surfaces to ensure proper diffusion bonding. More details about liquid interface diffusion can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,957,194, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. - In a further alternative embodiment of the present invention, the components of the
striking face portion 402 may be joined together using super plastic forming. Super plastic forming is a metalworking process for forming metallic sheets based on the theory of superelasticity. The super plastic forming process may generally involve metals having ultra fine grain size being heated up to promote superelasticity, allowing large and complex geometries to be created in one operation. More details about super plastic forming can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,603,808, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. -
FIG. 5 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged view of circle C shown inFIG. 3 , allowing more details regarding thestriking face portion 502 to be shown. As it can be seen, thestriking face portion 502 has all of the same components such as a firstouter layer 510 having a first thickness d1, asecond backing layer 512 having a second thickness d2, and achip insert 514 having a third thickness d3. It is worthwhile to mention here that the measurement of the relative thicknesses d1, d2, and d3 may all generally be taken at the geometric center of thestriking face portion 502, despite the fact that theFIG. 5 has illustrates the relative thicknesses at locations that are slightly offset from the center for ease of illustration. First thickness d1, as shown in the figures of this current exemplary embodiment may be kept relatively thin to save unnecessary weight as the front of the face is in compression during impact. The internal stress caused by the compression forces experienced by the firstouter layer 510 may generally be smaller than the internal stress caused by the tension forces experienced by the back of thestriking face portion 502, hence lessening the thickness requirement of thickness d1. More specifically, first thickness d1 may generally be less than about 0.7 mm, more preferably less than about 0.6 mm, and most preferably less than about 0.5 mm.Second backing layer 512 having a second thickness d2, as previously mentioned, is the part of thestriking face portion 502 that is subjected to the highest internal stress as it comes in tension due to impact with a golf ball; hence requiring the second thickness d2 to be significantly thicker than the first thickness d1. More specifically, second thickness d2 may generally be greater than about 0.8 mm, more preferably thicker than 0.9 mm, and most preferably thicker than 1.0 mm. Finally, third thickness d3 shows the thickness of thechip insert 514, wherein thickness d3 may generally be between about 1.8 mm to about 2.2 mm, more preferably between about 1.9 mm to about 2.1 mm, most preferably about 2.0 mm. - Although the relative thicknesses of the various regions of the
striking face portion 502 have all been disclosed above, it is worthwhile to re-emphasize the importance of the thicknesses with respect to one another. More specifically, because thesecond backing layer 512 is subjected to tension stresses that are significantly higher than the compressive stresses at the firstouter layer 510, the thickness d2 of thesecond backing layer 512 needs to be significantly greater than the thickness of the firstouter layer 510. In order to properly capture the thickness requirements of the various portions of the various components required for thestriking face portion 502 to have sufficient durability, a “Face Thickness Ratio” is created below in Equation (1) to capture the relationship between thickness d1 and thickness d2. -
- The
striking face portion 502 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may generally have a “Face Thickness Ratio” of less than about 0.875, more preferably less than about 0.66, and most preferably less than about 0.50. -
Chip insert 514 may generally be substantially circular or oval in shape with a major axis length of about 21.75 mm and a minor axis of about 11.63 mm. Combined with an approximate thickness of about 2.0 mm described above, thechip insert 514 may generally have a volume of about 371.45 mm3; however minor deviations in the total volume of thechip insert 514 could occur while still achieving the same performance gains. More specifically,chip insert 514 may have a volume of between about 300 mm3 and about 400 mm3, or even a volume of between about 250 mm3 and 450 mm3, all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. Finally, because it may generally be undesirable to add excessive weight to thestriking face portion 502 of the golf club head, it is generally desirable to keep the weight of thechip insert 514 as minimal as possible. Hence, given some of the material properties discussed above and the volume ranges above, thechip insert 514 may generally have a mass of less than 3.0 grams, more preferably less than 2.95 grams, and most preferably less than 2.90 grams. - Before moving onto discussions about other embodiments of the present invention, it is important to point out here that the
chip insert 514 may take on a dome like shape, with the flat side facing the firstouter layer 510 and the rounded side facing thesecond backing layer 512. This specific construction eliminates sharp corners at the rear of thesecond backing layer 512, which could be points of elevated stress when subjected to impact forces. Because the tension stresses at thesecond backing layer 512 is significantly higher than the compressive stresses at the firstouter layer 510, it is important to keep the rounded side of the cavity on thesecond backing layer 512. The flat side of the dome interacts with the firstouter layer 510 because the compressive stresses are not as significant, and because this type of dome cavity construction is easier to create using traditional machining methods. -
FIG. 6 of the accompanying drawing shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of astriking face portion 602 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein the chip insert 614 takes on a disk like shape instead of a dome like shape. Making the chip insert 614 out of a disk like shape instead of a dome like shape may further improve the performance of the golf club head by increasing the size of the sweet spot; however such geometry could make it more difficult to manufacture. More specifically,FIG. 6 shows the firstouter layer 610 having a plurality ofprotrusions 616 at the rear of the firstouter layer 610 to eliminate any gaps between the components. -
FIG. 7 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of astriking face portion 702 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein thechip insert 714 takes on a disk like shape instead of a dome like shape. However, different from thestriking face portion 602 shown inFIG. 6 ,striking face portion 702 in this embodiment has a different parting line allowing the cavity to be formed partially on the firstouter layer 710 and partially on thesecond backing layer 712. This type of construction allows the utilization of a disk shapedchip insert 714 without abnormal shapes on either of the components. -
FIG. 8 of the accompanying drawings shows a an enlarged cross-sectional view of astriking face portion 802 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein thechip insert 814 has a corrugated geometry. Having achip insert 814 with a corrugated construction allows thechip insert 814 to achieve the high stiffness required all while reducing the overall weight of thechip insert 814. -
FIG. 9 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of astriking face portion 902 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein an extraintermediate layer 916 is sandwiched in between firstouter layer 910 and thesecond backing layer 912. The incorporation of an extraintermediate layer 916 significantly simplifies manufacturing, as both firstouter layer 910 and thesecond backing layer 912 can now be made out of completely flat surfaces. The only machining that needs to be done to create a cavity for thechip insert 914 is in theintermediate layer 916, which can be easily accomplished without any limitations on the depth of the cavity. In the current exemplary embodiment of the present invention,intermediate layer 916 may generally be constructed out of a similar material as the firstouter layer 910 and thesecond backing layer 912, however,intermediate layer 916 could be constructed out of completely different materials without departing from the scope and content of the present invention so long as it is capable of being formed together with the other components. -
FIG. 10 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of astriking face portion 1002 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein it only has asecond backing layer 1012 having a cavity that is filled in with achip insert 1014. Notice in this embodiment thestriking face portion 1002 does not have a first outer layer to cover up thechip insert 1014 to ensure that the outer striking surface is of uniform material. Although this embodiment may not conform to the current USGA rules of golf requiring the striking face to be made out of a uniform material, it could potentially provide significant performance gains from all other previously mentioned embodiments that add unnecessary weight to the frontal surface of thestriking face portion 1002. As mentioned before, because the stresses at the frontal portion is so minimal, it is not necessary to reinforce the frontal portion, thus allowing thechip insert 1014 to be exposed. In a slightly different embodiment than what is shown inFIG. 10 , the frontal portion of thestriking face portion 1002 could be covered with a thin film of titanium or any other material to achieve the weight savings of the embodiment shown inFIG. 10 all while visually conforming to the USGA requirements. -
FIG. 11 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of astriking face portion 1102 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, in this alternative embodiment of the present invention the firstouter layer 1110 may not need to occupy the entire frontal surface to achieve the same objectives. Although this embodiment shown inFIG. 11 may require more machining work in terms of machining out anouter pocket 1115 in addition to thecavity 1113, it significantly reduces the bonding surface between the components. The reduction of the bonding surface may be desirable in situations that involve diffusion bonding or liquid interface diffusion processes are used, as both of these processes require significant surface preparation to achieve a bond. The firstouter layer 1110 in this current exemplary embodiment may take on the shape of a circular disk in order to provide a shape that is easier to machine, however, as it will be shown in more detail later, firstouter layer 1110 may take on any shape that is smaller than the outer perimeter of thestriking face portion 1102 without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. Finally, it is worth to note here that the firstouter layer 1110 may generally be made out of the same titanium material as thesecond backing layer 1112 allowing the end product to have a uniform striking surface in conformity with the USGA rules. However, the firstouter layer 1110 may be formed out of a substantially similar, or even completely different material than thesecond backing layer 1112 without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. -
FIG. 12 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of astriking face portion 1202 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, the firstouter layer 1210 may have a shape that significantly resembles the shape of thechip insert 1214, but large enough to cover thechip insert 1214 itself. Correspondingly, theouter pocket 1215 may also take on the similar shape of the firstouter layer 1210 without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. Having the firstouter layer 1210 take on a shape that is similar to the shape of thechip insert 1214 may provide a more focused shape for the firstouter layer 1210, further reducing the amount of surface preparation needed for the diffusion bonding of the various components. -
FIG. 13 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the embodiments of the present invention wherein the firstouter layer 1310 may not cover up the entire frontal striking surface of the golf club head. More specifically, as the cross-sectional image ofFIG. 13 shows, the firstouter layer 1310 may only partially cover the frontal striking surface. The cross-sectional view of this embodiment also shows that the bonding surfaces between the components to be significantly reduced, to minimize the surface preparation needed for diffusion bonding techniques. - In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, two or more inserts can be used around the central perimeter portion of the striking face to create a completely different effect of increasing the coefficient of restitution instead of increasing the size of the sweet spot as described above.
FIG. 14 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged exploded view of aface insert 1406 in accordance with this alternative embodiment of the present invention containing a firstouter layer 1410, anupper insert 1420 corresponding to anupper cavity 1421, alower insert 1422 corresponding to alower cavity 1423, and abacking plate 1424 located at a rear portion of theface insert 1406 corresponding to arear cavity 1425. This specific relationship between the various components creates a relationship wherein the backing layer is adapted to directly contact the first outer layer, the upper insert, and the lower insert, simultaneously. - In this alternative embodiment of the present invention, similar to the prior embodiments, the upper and
lower inserts outer layer 1410 of theface insert 1406. When these inserts are placed away from the geometric center of theface insert 1406, they no longer serve the purpose of increasing the size of the sweet spot. Instead, the incorporation of the inserts away from the geometric center of theface insert 1406 now serve the purpose of increasing the overall coefficient of restitution of theface insert 1406 by creating an ultra-thin and compliant portion near the geometric center, while using the upper andlower inserts - The relative thickness' of the various portions of the
face insert 1406 is important to the proper functionality of the current invention. In order to properly illustrate the relative thickness of the various components of theface insert 1406, a cross-sectional view of theface insert 1406 is provided inFIG. 15 .FIG. 15 of the accompanying drawings provides a cross-sectional view of aface insert 1506 of a golf club head in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention incorporating two or more inserts away from a geometric center of theface insert 1506. - The first
outer layer 1510 may generally be made out of a Ti 15-3-3-3 material with a thickness d4 of about 1.0 mm at its thinnest area and a thickness d6 of about 2.7 mm at its thickest area. More specifically, thickness d4 may generally be between about 0.75 mm to about 1.25 mm, more preferably between about 0.85 mm to about 1.15 mm, and most preferably about 1.0 mm; while thickness d6 may generally be greater than about 2.50 mm, more preferably greater than about 2.60 mm, most preferably greater than about 2.70 mm all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. The first material used to form the firstouter layer 1510 may generally have a low Young's modulus to generate more flexural stiffness that could create more ballspeed. In fact, the Young's modulus of the first material is preferably less than about 100 GPa, more preferably less than about 90 GPa, and most preferably less than about 85 GPa. - The
upper insert 1520 and thelower insert 1522, as shown in this exemplary embodiment, may generally be comprised out of the same material having the same thickness. More specifically, the upper andlower inserts lower inserts upper insert 1520 and thelower insert 1522 may generally have a higher Young's modulus than the first material. More specifically, the Young's modulus of the second material may generally be greater than about 125 GPa, more preferably greater than about 130 GPa, and most preferably greater than about 135 GPa. - It should be noted here that although in this preferred embodiment of the present invention the
upper insert 1520 and thelower insert 1522 are generally made of the same material having the same thickness, the materials and the thickness' could differ from one another to achieve a different objective without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. Because theface insert 1506 of a golf club head experiences higher stress levels near the crown portion, and less stress levels near the sole portion, the material of the upper andlower inserts upper insert 1520 could be made out of a second material that is a Ti-6-4 material described above, while the lower insert may be constructed out of a third material that is a Ti 15-5-3 material having a Young's modulus of about 75 GPa. Despite the fact that the third material has a lower Young's modulus than the second material, it still has a higher Young's modulus than the first material in this embodiment. - The
backing plate 1524, as shown in this exemplary embodiment, may general be comprised out of a high strength titanium such as Ti-8-1-1 to create structural support for the face insert itself. The thickness d8 of thebacking plate 1524 may generally be less than about 0.70 mm, more preferably less than about 0.60 mm, and most preferably less than about 0.50 mm, all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. This fourth material may generally be a Ti-8-1-1 material having a Young's modulus of between about 115 GPa and about 130 GPa, more preferably between about 118 GPa and about 127 GPa, and most preferably about 125 GPA all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. -
FIG. 16 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head incorporating aface insert 1606 with the multiple materials inserts located away from the geometric center of theface insert 1606. This cross-sectional view of the golf club head illustrates how theface insert 1606 engages thebody portion 1604 of the golf club head in terms of their relative thickness. In fact, in this current exemplary embodiment of the present invention, thetransition zone 1632 between theface insert 1606 and thebody portion 1604 is kept at the same consistent thickness of d6 as previously described inFIG. 15 of the accompanying drawings. This consistency in maintaining the thickness of theface insert 1606 and thebody portion 1604 near the junction promotes more consistency in the stress levels across the transition to ensure more face compliance to increase the coefficient of restitution. -
FIG. 17 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, the golf club head shown inFIG. 17 illustrates atransition zone 1732 that has a difference in thickness from theface insert 1706 portion to thebody portion 1704. Even more specifically, the thickness of theface insert 1706 in this embodiment may generally be thicker than the remainder of thebody portion 1704 to achieve greater strength and durability. This difference in thickness between the two components will generally result in a stair steppedtransition zone 1732 both at the top and bottom of theface insert 1706. -
FIG. 18 of the accompanying drawings shows an exploded view of aface insert 1806 in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention containing a firstouter layer 1810 corresponding to anouter cavity 1825, anupper insert 1820 corresponding to anupper cavity 1821, alower insert 1822 corresponding to alower cavity 1823, and abacking body 1824 located at a rear portion of theface insert 1806 forming theouter cavity 1825, theupper cavity 1821, and thelower cavity 1823. This embodiment differs from theface insert 1406 shown inFIG. 14 by reversing the orientation of the firstouter layer 1810, theupper insert 1820, thelower insert 1822, and thebacking body 1824. In this alternative embodiment, the firstouter layer 1810 is in the shape of a plate at the frontal portion of theface insert 1806, while the upper andlower inserts outer layer 1810. Finally, thebacking body 1824, which contains theupper cavity 1821, thelower cavity 1823, and thefrontal cavity 1825, is placed at the rear portion of theface insert 1806. - The alternative embodiment of the present invention shown in
FIG. 18 may be preferred over the reverse orientation shown inFIG. 14 in situations where the bond between the layer can be difficult to achieve via the bonding processes described above. In these situations, it might be beneficial to reverse the orientation and placement of the components to have the loose components be placed on the compression side of a golf ball impact with the striking face instead of the tension side of a golf ball impact with the striking face. Having the loose components be installed on the frontal compression side of the striking face will prevent these components such as the firstouter layer 1810, theupper insert 1820 and thelower insert 1822 from coming apart from one another as the compressive forces will strengthen the bond of the components; whereas the tension forces will weaken the bond of the components if installed at the rear portion. -
FIG. 19 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of a golf club head incorporating theface insert 1906 with multiple material inserts as described in the previous embodiment inFIG. 18 . In this embodiment of the present invention, it can be seen that the firstouter layer 1910 is located at the outer surface of theface insert 1906 with an upper andlower insert backing body 1924 having corresponding cavities for the aforementioned components to create theface insert 1906. -
FIGS. 20-26 show alternative embodiments of the present invention wherein the similar materials with different properties can be joined together to improve the performance of the golf club head. In these embodiments, the joining of similar materials with slightly different properties may be preferential to earlier embodiments where the bonding process involves two completely different materials; as similar materials are easier to bond to one another using the processes discussed above. In the following embodiments, the two similar materials may be two different types of titanium materials having different Young's modulus such as Ti-8-1-1-1 and Ti 6-4; however different types of materials may be used without departing from the scope and content of the present invention as long as they have a different Young's modulus. - Although the specific embodiments in
FIGS. 20-26 may utilize different geometric assemblies of the material, all of the geometries derive from the analysis of the impact forces occurring during contact with a golf ball. For example, a material with a higher Young's modulus may be used at locations where the striking face will experience higher stress levels; while a material with a lower Young's modulus may be used at locations where the striking face will experience lower stress levels. Higher Young's modulus titanium materials may be any of Ti 8-1-1-1, Ti 15-3-3-3, Ti 15-5-3, SP700 or SP700HM with a Young's modulus of greater than about 110 GP, more preferably greater than about 115 GPa, and most preferably greater than about 120 GPa, to name a few. On the other hand, the lower Young's modulus titanium materials may be any of Ti 6-4, Ti 3-2.5, Ti 3-1-1-1, or Ti 5-1-1-1 with a Young's modulus of less than about 110 GPa more preferably less than about 105 GPa, and most preferably less than about 100 GPa, to name a few. - Moving on the actual figures,
FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of agolf club head 2000 with two dissimilar types oftitanium materials face insert 2006. In this embodiment, thefirst titanium material 2052 may be a titanium material with a lower Young's modulus while thesecond titanium material 2054 may be a titanium material with a higher Young's modulus. Alternatively speaking, it can be said that thesecond titanium material 2054 may have a higher Young's modulus than thefirst titanium material 2052. -
FIG. 21 of the accompanying drawings also shows a perspective view of agolf club head 2100, with thedissimilar titanium materials face insert 2106. Similar to the discussion above, thefirst titanium material 2152 may generally be a titanium material with a lower Young's modulus while thesecond titanium material 2154 may be a titanium material with a higher Young's modulus. -
FIGS. 22-26 all share the similar concept asFIGS. 20-21 discussed above, and merely show different geometric shapes used for thefirst titanium material second titanium material FIG. 22-26 may look significantly different on its face, but all of the specific geometries are based on strengthening the high stress regions of the striking face with a titanium material having higher Young's modulus. -
FIG. 27 of the accompanying drawings shows a perspective view of agolf club head 2700 in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention. In this alternative embodiment of the present invention, thechip insert 2714 may be located at different locations of thegolf club head 2700 away from thestriking face portion 2702 of thegolf club head 2700.FIG. 27 illustrates an embodiment wherein thechip insert 2714 placed near a frontal portion of the crown portion of thebody portion 2704. The placement of thechip insert 2714 at the location shown inFIG. 27 may be beneficial because that portion of thegolf club head 2700 could be subjected to higher stress during impact with a golf ball. When an area of thegolf club head 2700 is subjected to higher stress, the conventional wisdom is to increase the thickness of that material at those locations, whether it be on thestriking face 2706 or on the crown. However, an increase in thickness of material can often increase the weight at those locations, so the incorporation of multiple materials in way of achip insert 2714 may help address that issue. - In this present embodiment of the present invention, the length of the
chip insert 2714 may span across a majority of the frontal topline portion of the crown of thegolf club head 2700. However, the length of thechip insert 2714 could be longer or shorter than illustrated without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. In fact, in extreme situations, two or more chip inserts 2714 could be used at different locations in thegolf club head 2700 without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. -
FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of agolf club head 2800 in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein two or more chip inserts 2814 are placed on the crown portion of thegolf club head 2800. The placement of thechip insert 2814 at the locations shown inFIG. 28 may be beneficial to reduce stress only at the locations shown, and may be necessary depending on the design of thestriking face 2806. In other embodiments of the present inventions thechip insert 2814 may even be placed in the sole portion of thegolf club head 2800 without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. In order to illustrate this alternative embodiment,FIG. 29 is provided below. -
FIG. 29 of the accompanying drawings shows a cross-sectional view of agolf club head 2900 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein achip insert 2914 is placed at both the crown portion of thegolf club head 2900 as well as the sole portion of thegolf club head 2900. In certain situations, it may be beneficial to add achip insert 2914 to the frontal sole portion of thegolf club head 2900, especially in designs that will create an increase in stress at the sole portion of thegolf club head 2900. In addition to illustrating the possibility of utilizing achip insert 2914 at the sole portion of the golf club head,FIG. 29 also illustrates circular region D which will, in subsequent figures, provide a close up of how thechip insert 2914 is incorporated into thegolf club head 2900. -
FIG. 30 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of thechip insert 3014 incorporated into the crown portion of the golf club head as shown by circular region D inFIG. 29 . In this figure, it can be seen that thechip insert 3014 is actually not directly incorporated in to the crown portion of thebody 3004 of the golf club head. Thechip insert 3014 is generally joined into anothertitanium insert 3060 via one of the bonding process discussed above such as diffusion bonding, liquid interface bonding, or even superplastic forming techniques all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. The reason atitanium insert 3060 is used in this embodiment of the invention is because the crown of the golf club head may often be created from a large piece of titanium, and subjecting the entire sheet of titanium to a bonding process could be difficult to work with. Hence, in order to increase the efficiency of the bonding process between thechip insert 3014 and the crown, atitanium insert 3060 is used to encapsulate thechip insert 3060. Once thetitanium insert 3060 has been bonded with thechip insert 3014, thetitanium insert 3060 can then be welded to thebody 3004 of the golf club head to seamlessly incorporate thechip insert 3014 into the crown portion of the golf club head. Although not specifically shown, a similar construction could also be used at the sole portion of the golf club head without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. In fact, in further alternative embodiments of the present invention, thechip insert 3014 could be incorporated into any location on the golf club head itself without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. -
FIG. 31 of the accompanying drawings shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of thetitanium insert 3160 having thechip insert 3114 already bonded but prior to being welded to thebody portion 3104 of the golf club head. In this figure, it can be seen that thebody portion 3104 may have a plurality oftabs 3162 to help with the welding process between thebody portion 3104 and thetitanium insert 3160. Thistab 3162 will not be visible after the bonding has been completed, but could help provide structural rigidity as well as extra bonding material needed to complete the bonding process. - Other than in the operating example, or unless otherwise expressly specified, all of the numerical ranges, amounts, values and percentages such as those for amounts of materials, moment of inertias, center of gravity locations, loft, draft angles, various performance ratios, and others in the aforementioned portions of the specification may be read as if prefaced by the word “about” even though the term “about” may not expressly appear in the value, amount, or range. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
- Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting form the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Furthermore, when numerical ranges of varying scope are set forth herein, it is contemplated that any combination of these values inclusive of the recited values may be used.
- It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates to exemplary embodiments of the present invention and that modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/580,841 US20150111664A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2014-12-23 | Golf club head with multi-material components |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/207,344 US8409032B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2011-08-10 | Golf club head with multi-material face |
US13/596,271 US8956247B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2012-08-28 | Golf club head with multi-material face |
US14/099,748 US20140148271A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2013-12-06 | Golf club head with multi-material face |
US14/580,841 US20150111664A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2014-12-23 | Golf club head with multi-material components |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/099,748 Continuation-In-Part US20140148271A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2013-12-06 | Golf club head with multi-material face |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20150111664A1 true US20150111664A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
Family
ID=52826638
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/580,841 Abandoned US20150111664A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2014-12-23 | Golf club head with multi-material components |
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US (1) | US20150111664A1 (en) |
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US10537770B2 (en) | 2015-12-27 | 2020-01-21 | Karsten Manufacturing Corporation | Golf club heads with stronger, more flexible, and lighter materials |
US20210016137A1 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-21 | Acushnet Company | Golf club head having multi-layered striking face |
US11491377B1 (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2022-11-08 | Acushnet Company | Golf club head having multi-layered striking face |
US20230013914A1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-19 | Karsten Manufacturing Corporation | Golf club head with multi-material construction |
US20230024044A1 (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2023-01-26 | Acushnet Company | Golf club head with improved performance |
US11684831B2 (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2023-06-27 | Parsons Xtreme Golf, LLC | Golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads |
US11850461B2 (en) | 2022-03-11 | 2023-12-26 | Acushnet Company | Golf club head having supported striking face |
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