US20150094240A1 - Chemical compounds - Google Patents
Chemical compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150094240A1 US20150094240A1 US14/502,078 US201414502078A US2015094240A1 US 20150094240 A1 US20150094240 A1 US 20150094240A1 US 201414502078 A US201414502078 A US 201414502078A US 2015094240 A1 US2015094240 A1 US 2015094240A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bis
- oxy
- phenylene
- diyl
- ethane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 (4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy) Chemical class 0.000 claims description 141
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 105
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 105
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 64
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims description 24
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 18
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-M propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCS([O-])(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QDHFHIQKOVNCNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCCS([O-])(=O)=O QDHFHIQKOVNCNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOC JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PJXDGFJDVVVXCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC PJXDGFJDVVVXCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- WELGOYKNGYYBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis[2-(2-phenylmethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(OCCOCCOCC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1OCCOCCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 WELGOYKNGYYBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YZWVMKLQNYGKLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC YZWVMKLQNYGKLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MIYNUDCOJSGQKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC MIYNUDCOJSGQKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PYSWAFYJWBKGRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOOOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound OOOOOOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O PYSWAFYJWBKGRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006181 4-methyl benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- SAAXVVUPOPIDAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOc1ccccc1OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOc1ccccc1OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 SAAXVVUPOPIDAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYJPECDFEXSYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOOOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound OOOOOOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O VYJPECDFEXSYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZNIJJIVQYMJMJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOCc1cc(COCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccccc2)cc(COCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccccc2)c1 Chemical compound C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOCc1cc(COCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccccc2)cc(COCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccccc2)c1 ZNIJJIVQYMJMJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KQQPMPUSYNNGBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOCc1ccccc1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOCc1ccccc1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 KQQPMPUSYNNGBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- PDEOEGJBHWWNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethane Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC PDEOEGJBHWWNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBAFXTHKEJAZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylbutane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCC(S(O)(=O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBAFXTHKEJAZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- PKRFIDWESQLADM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(COCCOc1ccccc1OCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(COCCOc1ccccc1OCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCc1ccccc1 PKRFIDWESQLADM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ICMPJILXFFLPMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(COCc1ccccc1)OCCOc1cc2ccccc2cc1OCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(COCc1ccccc1)OCCOc1cc2ccccc2cc1OCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 ICMPJILXFFLPMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SXBQPJKECIOEIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)COCCOCCOCCOCC Chemical compound C1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)COCCOCCOCCOCC SXBQPJKECIOEIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HHDAOPFLMOVVSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCC Chemical compound C1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCC HHDAOPFLMOVVSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JWHHYGOILNIGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(COCCOCCOc2ccccc2OCCOCCOCc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(COCCOCCOc2ccccc2OCCOCCOCc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 JWHHYGOILNIGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000033962 Fontaine progeroid syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- CZYHCBOJNDHGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(CCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound O=C(CCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 CZYHCBOJNDHGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MVZOBDNXISPMSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(CCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound O=C(CCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 MVZOBDNXISPMSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- UNNFEYPNQVSVJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M pentane-3-sulfonate Chemical compound CCC(CC)S(=O)(=O)[O-] UNNFEYPNQVSVJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 3
- HJTYCKFMZLAVCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis[2-[2-[2-(2-phenylmethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]benzene Chemical compound C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOc1ccc(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccccc2)cc1 HJTYCKFMZLAVCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BHOFCBHPLWOAOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOc1cccc(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccccc2)c1 Chemical compound C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOc1cccc(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccccc2)c1 BHOFCBHPLWOAOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AQDFASIEOYHEIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(COCCOc1cc2ccccc2cc1OCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(COCCOc1cc2ccccc2cc1OCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCc1ccccc1 AQDFASIEOYHEIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XXFFACJXVWVLJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(COCc1ccc2ccccc2c1)OCCOc1ccccc1OCCOCCOCc1ccc2ccccc2c1 Chemical compound C(COCc1ccc2ccccc2c1)OCCOc1ccccc1OCCOCCOCc1ccc2ccccc2c1 XXFFACJXVWVLJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ORGIPVGPCHRDRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(COCCOCCOc2cc3ccccc3cc2OCCOCCOCc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(COCCOCCOc2cc3ccccc3cc2OCCOCCOCc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 ORGIPVGPCHRDRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AJMKPCKJOASWGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(CCCC(=O)OCCCCCOCCOCCOOc1ccccc1)OCCCCCOCCOCCOOc1ccccc1 Chemical compound O=C(CCCC(=O)OCCCCCOCCOCCOOc1ccccc1)OCCCCCOCCOCCOOc1ccccc1 AJMKPCKJOASWGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 65
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 64
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 70
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 0 CC1=CC=CC=C1.O=[SH](=O)Cl.[3*]C1=CC=C(COCCC)C=C1.[3*]C1=CC=C(COCCO)C=C1 Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1.O=[SH](=O)Cl.[3*]C1=CC=C(COCCC)C=C1.[3*]C1=CC=C(COCCO)C=C1 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JQVAPEJNIZULEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobenzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C(O)=C1 JQVAPEJNIZULEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZNMHMOSLYHMBHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCC Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCC ZNMHMOSLYHMBHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- KGKAYWMGPDWLQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene Chemical group BrCC1=CC=CC=C1CBr KGKAYWMGPDWLQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ASFJWINMJGQKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]butane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCCCS(=O)(=O)O ASFJWINMJGQKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FGEJMAIODSBWBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCc1ccc(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound CCc1ccc(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccc(C)cc1 FGEJMAIODSBWBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZVVGWNQSPGTCDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCc1ccc(OCCOCCOCc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1OCCOCCOCc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound CCc1ccc(OCCOCCOCc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1OCCOCCOCc1ccc(C)cc1 ZVVGWNQSPGTCDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QBMZECZUQAGOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(COCCOCCOCCOCCOc2ccc(Cl)c(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc3ccc(C)cc3)c2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(COCCOCCOCCOCCOc2ccc(Cl)c(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc3ccc(C)cc3)c2)cc1 QBMZECZUQAGOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IEBIWPZIMASYOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(CCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound O=C(CCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 IEBIWPZIMASYOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CQVFGCSBMOENGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)c1cc(cc(c1)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound O=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)c1cc(cc(c1)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 CQVFGCSBMOENGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QDPIVUQXPXUNLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-phenylmethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 QDPIVUQXPXUNLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RICHLMJYARTHQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOc1cc2ccccc2cc1OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(COCCOCc1ccccc1)OCCOCCOc1cc2ccccc2cc1OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccccc1 RICHLMJYARTHQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GZHLAOPLAMCTNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCc1ccc(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound CCc1ccc(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1OCCOCCOCCOCCOCc1ccc(C)cc1 GZHLAOPLAMCTNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical class OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LUMQRXBWKXHSQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium 1-[2-[2-[4-methyl-2-[2-[2-(3-sulfonatopentoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]pentane-3-sulfonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].CCC(CCOCCOCCOc1ccc(C)cc1OCCOCCOCCC(CC)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O LUMQRXBWKXHSQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- LPWMZCUOJZARPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium 3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(3-sulfonatopropoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCCOCCOCCOc1ccccc1OCCOCCOCCCS([O-])(=O)=O LPWMZCUOJZARPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- WKUNDLWZUPHAPC-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium 3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(3-sulfonatopropoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOc1ccccc1OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCCS([O-])(=O)=O WKUNDLWZUPHAPC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- C07C309/07—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing oxygen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C309/09—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing oxygen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton containing etherified hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C309/10—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing oxygen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton containing etherified hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton with the oxygen atom of at least one of the etherified hydroxy groups further bound to an acyclic carbon atom
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/20—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/202—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring the aromatic ring being a naphthalene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/20—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/205—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring the aromatic ring being a non-condensed ring
- C07C43/2055—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring the aromatic ring being a non-condensed ring containing more than one ether bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/20—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/215—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having unsaturation outside the six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/20—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/225—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C55/00—Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C55/02—Dicarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C63/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C63/307—Monocyclic tricarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/34—Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/40—Succinic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/34—Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/42—Glutaric acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/34—Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/44—Adipic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/76—Esters of carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
- E21B47/11—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using tracers; using radioactivity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2835—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids specific substances contained in the oil or fuel
- G01N33/2882—Markers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel compounds of polyfunctionalized polyethylene and polypropylene glycols, their synthesis and their use, in particular as tracers in applications related to oil and gas production, and especially as specific markers of various target fluids.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,545,769 B2 discloses a method for monitoring hydrocarbon and water production from different production zones/sections in a hydrocarbon reservoir by placing specific tracers in different zones/section of a reservoir.
- the tracers are detected downstream as they are produced from the well as indication of specific events in the reservoir.
- the tracers may be perfluorinated hydrocarbons, oligonucleotides with special functional groups, fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic particles or fluids, colored particles, DNA or microorganisms.
- US 2010/0006750 A1 discloses a tracer system comprising a tracer compound for a fluid system containing one or more polyether alcohol compounds.
- the one or more polyether alcohol compound is truly monodisperse (have unique molecular weights) and comprises one or more functional groups (which will modify its solubility properties as required for the purpose).
- These compounds are linear polyether alcohols with different end groups attached to the PEG or PPG main chain.
- the main chain of PEG or PPG should constitute of at least 4 glycol units and preferable 6 glycol units.
- the present invention has surprisingly revealed the possibility to use truly monosized PEG and PPG derivatives of chain lengths down to two, which is cheap and commercial available, coupled to a core unit and in that way enhance the response, enhance separation and signal/detection, in e.g. LC/MS analytical setups, and hence give rise to monitor these compounds in very low concentrations e.g. ppb-ppq-levels. Even better (lower) detection limits may be obtained when compounds described in the present invention are analyzed when positive or negative ions are formed with the compounds through adducts and the adducts analyzed using e.g. LC/MS techniques. In this way two separate di-ethylene glycol derivatives attached to a core unit may exhibit the same low detection limit as for derivatives described in US 2010/0006750 A1, and in this way a totally new class of molecules can be used as chemical tracers.
- PEG or PPG based molecules constitute of a core unit with 2-4 monosized PEG or PPG based derivatives attached to the this core unit.
- the new compounds described in the present invention could either be linear, “V” or “star-shaped” and have various conformations in space.
- These compounds can further, in a post modification step or during the initial synthesis, be functionalized to modify its physical, chemical and analytical properties like for instance its solubility, surface adherence properties, bioavailability and detectability. In this way the tracers can be tailored for a number of different applications while maintaining their basic general structural backbone.
- the analytical response may be additionally increased for aromatic core units with substituents in ortho position to each other.
- substituents in -ortho, -meta, -para or having other special geometry, the degree of mono, di or multivalent ions generated in the MS is altered and hence there is possible to tailor the best response for a given molecule to achieve specific identification and low limit of detection.
- the invention also makes use of the similarity of reaction steps for the different molecules, enabling an easy optimization of the reaction pathways for generating a large number of unique molecules, and the compounds may be produced in high yields and high purity.
- the leak-out can be controlled to obtain the optimal release for various set of conditions.
- This new design for generating oil and water soluble compounds also minimize the possibility to generate “homolog” molecules that differs in molecular weight by a factor of 44 (one PEG unit) or 58 (one PPG unit), and were the “homologs” are introduced either by impurities in the monosized PEG and PPG derivatives used in the synthesis, or by degradation of reagents and intermediates during synthesis.
- the possibility of coupling two identical homologs, present as impurities in reagents, onto the same core compound are very minor and results in very low, often neglectable concentrations (less than 1%), hence very low concentration of each of the other unique compounds are obtained as impurities in the synthesis.
- the prior art discloses use of linear monosized polyethers generating a linear chain backbone with different end groups.
- the presence of “homolog” reagents will give rice to the corresponding “homologue” final product in a concentration equal to the impurities.
- the use of core units, substituents and reaction pathways as described in the present invention eliminates this disadvantage and hence are more versatile for generating large number of unique molecules of high purity and very good (low) detection limits.
- the combination of the various parts of the compound contributes to the properties needed to obtain suitable functionality for the various tracer applications.
- the combination of two or more compounds with tailored properties could be implemented in a solid or degradable material, such as a polymer, ceramic, sand, shale, or onto completion equipment, tools or pipe and constitute a release system.
- a solid or degradable material such as a polymer, ceramic, sand, shale, or onto completion equipment, tools or pipe and constitute a release system.
- the tracer system could also consist of other additives in combination with various compounds disclosed in the invention.
- the compounds disclosed in the invention is also especially suitable for use related to oil production due to the method of detection related to extraction from well fluids and detection in level of ppb-ppq.
- the compounds disclosed in the invention is also is also especially suitable for use as markers of fluids in combination with well and reservoir flow models and simulators for interpretation of inflow due to their large number of unique compounds combined with their comparable properties in the application and low level of detection.
- R 1 R 2 R 3 (—O—CHR 4 CH 2 —) n —R 5 —[(—CH 2 —CHR 6 O) m —R 7 R 8 R 9 ] p
- core unit R 5 is further connected to 2-4 units by carbon, ether or ester bonds;
- R 4 and R 6 is H or —CH 3 to give PEG or PPG chains
- n and m are integers between 2 and 12 in which n could be the same or different from m;
- p is an integer between 1 and 3 depending on R 5 ;
- R 3 and R 7 are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon or aralkyl moieties with 2-40 carbon coupled to the PEG units or the PPG units, by an ester or ether bond;
- R 1 , R 2 , R 8 and R 9 are all H or identical or different hydrophilic functional groups preferably carboxylic, sulfonic or phosphonic acid groups;
- the invention relates to a compound above, wherein n and m are integers between 3 and 12.
- the core R 5 unit consists of C, O and H atoms, but may also comprise S, P, X, M, N atoms in the form of (S)ulfonic acid groups, sulfonic acid salt thereof (SM), (P)hosphonic acid groups and salts thereof (PM), halogen atoms (X), and (N)itrogen containing groups.
- the core R 5 unit is selected from aryl or aralkyl units with from 3 to 30 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions; or branched or linear alkyl units with from 3 to 12 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions.
- the core R 5 unit is selected from aryl or aralkyl units with from 3 to 24 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions or branched; or linear alkyl units with from 3 to 12 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions
- the core R 5 unit is selected from aryl or aralkyl units with from 3 to 15 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions or branched; or linear alkyl units with from 3 to 12 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions
- the core R 5 can be selected from the group consisting of:
- the above compounds may optionally be substituted by additional functional groups to enhance their detection as tracers by various detection methods like gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectrometry (MS) or a combination thereof, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and detection of radiation coupled with suitable separation techniques like liquid column chromatography.
- GC gas chromatography
- LC liquid chromatography
- MS mass spectrometry
- UV and visible spectroscopy infrared and Raman spectroscopy
- nuclear magnetic resonance nuclear magnetic resonance
- suitable separation techniques like liquid column chromatography.
- the hydrophilicity of water soluble tracers having hydrophobic substituents can be altered by introducing sulfonic acid or sulfonic acid salts in the core molecule R5. In that way the solubility and the physicochemical properties of the tracers can be tailor made for the purpose.
- the number of available oil soluble tracers can be increased by substituting the core molecule R 5 with halogens (X) and different types of linear or branched alkyl substituents in various positions
- the invention also relates to a composition containing one or more compounds as defined above and one or more additional constituents like solvents, diluents, surfactants, adsorbents, stabilizers and/or formulated into tablets or capsules.
- core unit R 5 is further connected to 2-4 units by carbon, ether or ester bonds;
- R 4 and R 6 is H or —CH 3 to give PEG or PPG chains
- n and m are integers between 2 and 12 in which n could be the same or different from m;
- p is an integer between 1 and 3 depending on R 5 ;
- R 3 and R 7 are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon or aralkyl moieties with 2-40 carbon coupled to the PEG units or the PPG units by an ester or ether bond;
- R 1 , R 2 , R 5 and R 9 are all H or identical or different hydrophilic functional groups preferably carboxylic, sulfonic or phosphonic acid groups; or salts, hydrates and solvates thereof; or
- compositions containing one or more of these compounds and one or more additional constituents like solvents, diluents, surfactants, adsorbents, stabilizers and/or formulated into tablets or capsules;
- the invention also relates to a compound or a composition as defined above for use as tracers in release systems.
- the invention also relates to a compound or a composition as defined above for inflow monitoring during oil and gas production.
- the invention also relates to a compound or a composition as defined above, wherein the components are detected topside after release from oil and gas wells.
- the invention also relates to a compound or a composition as defined above, wherein the components are detected topside after release from oil and gas wells by LCMS, GCMS or a combination thereof.
- the LC-MS method development and analyses were performed on an Agilent 1100/1200 Series LC/MSD system (Agilent Technologies Inc., Palo Alto, Calif., USA).
- the system consists of a G1322A/G1379B mobile phase degassing unit, a G1311A quaternary pump with gradient mixer for up to four mobile phase constituents/G1312B binary pump with gradient mixer for up to two mobile phase constituents, a G1376A/G1367C autosampler, a G1330A/G1312B thermostat, a G1316A/G131613 column thermostat and a G1946D/G6130A single quadrupole mass spectrometer. Any equivalent LC-MS system may be used.
- Scans were run using electrospray ionization in positive mode. 40% of a 50 mmolar solution of ammoniumacetate in acetonitrile (60%). 0.2 ml flow and direct injection without column separation.
- the general synthesis procedures described in the present invention is meant to be examples, but should not be restricted to.
- the tosylation reaction may be replaced by a mesylation reaction or other activation reaction steps known to people skilled in the art.
- the present compounds may be synthesized by e.g. addition reactions, condensation reactions or substitution reactions not shown in the examples
- Scheme 2 is also relevant for examples wherein 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,3-dihydroxynaphtalene or 1,5-dihydrxonaphtalene are the core molecules (R 5 ) and compounds wherein 3-phenylbenzyl and 2-methylnaphtalane are the terminating groups.
- the diol is dissolved in DMSO, and 2.4 eq. KOtBu is added. The mixture is then heated to 40 C under vacuum for 2 h in order to evaporate the tBuOH formed. After cooling to room temperature, 2.4 eq. 1,3-propanesultone in some DMSO is added. The mixture is then stirred at 60 C overnight before the DMSO is removed in vacuo (ca. 12 mbar/90 C). The residue is dissolved in a minimal amount of methanol, and the product is precipitated by addition of 5 vol acetone. The product is isolated by centrifugation, washed with some acetone, and then dried in vacuo. Yields vary depending on product structure, and amount of DMSO and methanol present during precipitation. By concentrating the mother-liquor and repeating the precipitation, a second crop may be obtained, resulting in acceptable yield of the RGTW.
- a three neck round bottle (100 ml) equipped with a stirrer and thermometer was loaded with THF (3.6 ml) and then TEA (0.89 g, 8.81 mmol) was added under stirring for 2 min. While stirring a solution of tetra ethylene glycol-mono-benzyl ether (3.00 g, 8.81 mmol) in dry THF (3 ml) was added. The reaction was stirred for 30 min. at room temperature, and then cooled to 0° C. A solution of 1,3,5-benzene-tricarbonyltrichloride (0.73 g, 2.75 mmol) in dry THF (1 ml) was drop-wise added in a rate not allowing the reaction temperature to exceed 27° C.
- a thermostat regulated glass reactor equipped with mechanical stirrer was loaded with a slurry of potassium-t-butoxide (2.51 g, 22.36 mmol) in dry THF (10 ml). At 20° C., a solution of di-propylene glycol (1.5 g, 11.18 mmol) in dry THF (10 ml) was dropwise added, and the reaction mixture was stirred over night at room 20° C.
- KO t Bu (20.0 g, 178 mmol) was dissolved in THF (200 m) and tetraethylene glycol mono(tertbuthyl)benzyl ether (60 g, 176 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was added dropwise. After 1 hour THF (together with formed t BuOH) was removed in vacuo, and another 200 ml THF was added.
- 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene 23 g, 87 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was then added slowly.
- KO t Bu 21 g, 187 mmol
- THF 200 m
- tetraethylene glycol monobenzyl ether 52 g, 182 mmol
- THF 50 ml
- THF 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (24 g, 90 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was then added slowly.
- KO t Bu 11.78 g, 105 mmol
- octaethylene glycol monobenzyl ether 46.0 g, 100 mmol
- THF 50 ml
- 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (13.2 g, 50 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was then added slowly.
- 1,4-butandiol 200 mg, 2.2 mmol
- THF 5 mL
- KO t Bu 500 mg, 4.5 mmol
- THF 10 mL
- sodium hydride 50% in oil, 3.6 g, 75 mmol
- THF 200 ml
- tetraethylene glycol monobenzyl ether 17.04 g, 60 mmol
- the mixture was heated to 40 degrees C. until the evolution of gas diminished.
- a solution of 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene (7.13 g, 20 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was added dropwise, and the reaction continued at 40 degrees C.
- sodium hydride 50% in oil, 3.6 g, 75 mmol
- THF 200 ml
- octaethylene glycol monobenzyl ether 27.6 g, 60 mmol
- the mixture was heated to 40 degrees C. until the evolution of gas diminished.
- a solution of 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene (7.13 g, 20 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was added dropwise, and the reaction continued at 40 degrees C.
- FIG. 1 MS scan of product 1,2-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl)oxy)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 1
- FIG. 2 MS scan of product bis(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) glutarate obtained from synthesis in example 2
- FIG. 3 MS scan of crude product tris(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate obtained from synthesis in example 3
- FIG. 4 MS scan of purified product tris(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate obtained from synthesis in example 3
- FIG. 5 MS scan of product 1,1′-(1,2-henylenebis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-octaoxaoctacosane-28-sulfonic acid) obtained from synthesis in example 4
- FIG. 6 MS scan of product 1,2-bis(2-(2-(benzyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 5
- FIG. 7 MS scan of product 2,3-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl)oxy)naphthalene obtained from synthesis in example 6
- FIG. 8 MS scan of product potassium 3,3′-((((((1,2-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propane-1-sulfonate) obtained from synthesis in example 7
- FIG. 9 MS scan of product potassium 1,1′-(1,2-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecane-15-sulfonate) obtained from synthesis in example 8.
- FIG. 10 MS scan of product potassium 1,1′-((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecane-15-sulfonate) obtained from synthesis in example 9
- FIG. 11 MS scan of product potassium 1,1′-((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxahexadecane-16-sulfonate) obtained from synthesis in example 10
- FIG. 12 MS scan of product 4,4′-((((((((((((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))bis(methylbenzene) obtained from synthesis in, example 11
- FIG. 13 MS scan of product 13,13′((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) obtained from synthesis in example 12
- FIG. 14 MS scan of product 19,19′-((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecane) obtained from synthesis in example 13
- FIG. 15 MS scan of product 25,25′-((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octaoxapentacosane) obtained from synthesis in example 14
- FIG. 16 MS scan of product 13,13′-((4-chloro-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) obtained from synthesis in example 15
- FIG. 17 MS scan of product potassium 4,4′-(((((((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(1-phenylbutane-2-sulfonate) obtained from synthesis in example 16
- FIG. 18 MS scan of product potassium 1,1′-(((((((((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(pentane-3-sulfonate) obtained from synthesis in example 17
- FIG. 19 MS scan of product potassium 1,2-bis(15-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 18
- FIG. 20 MS scan of product potassium 1,2-bis(15-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 19
- FIG. 21 MS scan of product potassium 1,2-bis(27-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxaheptacosyl)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 20
- FIG. 22 MS scan of product potassium 1,33-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-15,19-dimethyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecaoxatritriacontane obtained from synthesis in example 21
- FIG. 23 MS scan of product potassium 1,32-diphenyl-2,5,8,11,14,19,22,25,28,31-decaoxadotriacontane obtained from synthesis in example 22
- FIG. 24 MS scan of product potassium 1,3,5-tris(15-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 23
- FIG. 25 MS scan of product potassium 1,3,5-tris(27-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxaheptacosyl)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 24
Abstract
The present invention relates to novel compounds of polyfunctionalized polyethylene and polypropylene glycols, their synthesis and their use, in particular as tracers in applications related to oil and gas production, and especially as specific markers of various target fluids.
Description
- The present invention relates to novel compounds of polyfunctionalized polyethylene and polypropylene glycols, their synthesis and their use, in particular as tracers in applications related to oil and gas production, and especially as specific markers of various target fluids.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,545,769 B2 (WO 0181914) discloses a method for monitoring hydrocarbon and water production from different production zones/sections in a hydrocarbon reservoir by placing specific tracers in different zones/section of a reservoir. The tracers are detected downstream as they are produced from the well as indication of specific events in the reservoir. The tracers may be perfluorinated hydrocarbons, oligonucleotides with special functional groups, fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic particles or fluids, colored particles, DNA or microorganisms.
- US 2010/0006750 A1 discloses a tracer system comprising a tracer compound for a fluid system containing one or more polyether alcohol compounds. The one or more polyether alcohol compound is truly monodisperse (have unique molecular weights) and comprises one or more functional groups (which will modify its solubility properties as required for the purpose). These compounds are linear polyether alcohols with different end groups attached to the PEG or PPG main chain. In order to be used as tracers, and low detection limits, the main chain of PEG or PPG should constitute of at least 4 glycol units and preferable 6 glycol units.
- There is a further need for compounds as tracers in many areas. Examples are tracing of downstream effluents from oil and gas reservoirs, industrial and other discharges, leak detection, pollution studies, natural waterflow analysis, sewer and stormwater drainage analysis, in vivo tracing of body fluids during medication and diagnostic methods, tracing of food, animal feed and industrial products to trace their origin and others.
- The compounds of the present application have not been described in nor indicated as tracers or otherwise synthesized in the prior art.
- The present invention has surprisingly revealed the possibility to use truly monosized PEG and PPG derivatives of chain lengths down to two, which is cheap and commercial available, coupled to a core unit and in that way enhance the response, enhance separation and signal/detection, in e.g. LC/MS analytical setups, and hence give rise to monitor these compounds in very low concentrations e.g. ppb-ppq-levels. Even better (lower) detection limits may be obtained when compounds described in the present invention are analyzed when positive or negative ions are formed with the compounds through adducts and the adducts analyzed using e.g. LC/MS techniques. In this way two separate di-ethylene glycol derivatives attached to a core unit may exhibit the same low detection limit as for derivatives described in US 2010/0006750 A1, and in this way a totally new class of molecules can be used as chemical tracers.
- The subject matter of the present invention are PEG or PPG based molecules constitute of a core unit with 2-4 monosized PEG or PPG based derivatives attached to the this core unit. The new compounds described in the present invention could either be linear, “V” or “star-shaped” and have various conformations in space. These compounds can further, in a post modification step or during the initial synthesis, be functionalized to modify its physical, chemical and analytical properties like for instance its solubility, surface adherence properties, bioavailability and detectability. In this way the tracers can be tailored for a number of different applications while maintaining their basic general structural backbone.
- The possibility for use of molecules with a relative large molecular weight, combined with use of variable core units having various possible interchangeable substituents, implies that a large number of possible unique tracers with distinct molecular weights and properties can be synthesized and used for different applications. Depending on their specific structure, the molecules can be made quite stable and able to survive harsh and variable conditions like high temperature, high pressure, and large variations in pH and brine environments often found in oil and gas reservoirs. The good stability of tracers are also very important in order not to degrade due to different completion fluids and chemicals added during the production phase. The good stability of the compounds also means that they can be detected for a long time. Functionalization of the described derivatives expands the possibility of detection using available analytical tools like mass spectrometry (coupled with GC/HPLC etc), colorimetric, fluorescence radiation etc.
- Use of short PEG units or PPG units or a combination of these derivatives connected to proper defined core units, makes it possible to generate a large number of unique molecules e.g. as tracer, having the same high analytical LC/MS response as long PEG units or PPG units, and hence extending the total number of suitable tracer candidates.
- It is also surprisingly observed that the analytical response may be additionally increased for aromatic core units with substituents in ortho position to each other. By placing the substituents in -ortho, -meta, -para or having other special geometry, the degree of mono, di or multivalent ions generated in the MS is altered and hence there is possible to tailor the best response for a given molecule to achieve specific identification and low limit of detection.
- The invention also makes use of the similarity of reaction steps for the different molecules, enabling an easy optimization of the reaction pathways for generating a large number of unique molecules, and the compounds may be produced in high yields and high purity.
- By introducing various combinations of parts of the molecule and or introduction of bulky segments (chemical groups/moieties) the leak-out can be controlled to obtain the optimal release for various set of conditions.
- This new design for generating oil and water soluble compounds also minimize the possibility to generate “homolog” molecules that differs in molecular weight by a factor of 44 (one PEG unit) or 58 (one PPG unit), and were the “homologs” are introduced either by impurities in the monosized PEG and PPG derivatives used in the synthesis, or by degradation of reagents and intermediates during synthesis. The possibility of coupling two identical homologs, present as impurities in reagents, onto the same core compound are very minor and results in very low, often neglectable concentrations (less than 1%), hence very low concentration of each of the other unique compounds are obtained as impurities in the synthesis.
- The prior art discloses use of linear monosized polyethers generating a linear chain backbone with different end groups. When synthesizing these types of compounds, the presence of “homolog” reagents will give rice to the corresponding “homologue” final product in a concentration equal to the impurities. The use of core units, substituents and reaction pathways as described in the present invention, eliminates this disadvantage and hence are more versatile for generating large number of unique molecules of high purity and very good (low) detection limits. The combination of the various parts of the compound contributes to the properties needed to obtain suitable functionality for the various tracer applications.
- Control of adsorption of both water and oil soluble compounds to e.g. formation or other parts present in a well together with very low limit of detection, makes these compounds especially suitable for permanent inflow monitoring in hydrocarbon producers. The stability of the compounds makes it possible to detect the compounds for years and decades after their injection or location (placement).
- For use as unique chemical tracers, and in cases where the “homologue” tracer is deliberately used as one of several unique tracers in a wellbore, it is not preferable to have such same “homologues” in higher concentrations than 1%, originating from impurities and not from release of the real installed tracer.
- For marking of fluids for permanent inflow monitoring, the combination of two or more compounds with tailored properties, either similar or different, could be implemented in a solid or degradable material, such as a polymer, ceramic, sand, shale, or onto completion equipment, tools or pipe and constitute a release system. The tracer system could also consist of other additives in combination with various compounds disclosed in the invention.
- The compounds disclosed in the invention is also especially suitable for use related to oil production due to the method of detection related to extraction from well fluids and detection in level of ppb-ppq.
- The compounds disclosed in the invention is also is also especially suitable for use as markers of fluids in combination with well and reservoir flow models and simulators for interpretation of inflow due to their large number of unique compounds combined with their comparable properties in the application and low level of detection.
- The invention relates to a compound characterized by the following generic structure:
-
R1R2R3—(—O—CHR4CH2—)n—R5—[(—CH2—CHR6O)m—R7R8R9]p - wherein the core unit R5 is further connected to 2-4 units by carbon, ether or ester bonds;
- R4 and R6 is H or —CH3 to give PEG or PPG chains;
- n and m are integers between 2 and 12 in which n could be the same or different from m;
- p is an integer between 1 and 3 depending on R5;
- R3 and R7 are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon or aralkyl moieties with 2-40 carbon coupled to the PEG units or the PPG units, by an ester or ether bond;
- R1, R2, R8 and R9 are all H or identical or different hydrophilic functional groups preferably carboxylic, sulfonic or phosphonic acid groups;
- or salts, hydrates and solvates thereof,
- with the exception of 1,2-bis(2-(2-(benzyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene.
- Preferably the invention relates to a compound above, wherein n and m are integers between 3 and 12.
- Preferably the core R5 unit consists of C, O and H atoms, but may also comprise S, P, X, M, N atoms in the form of (S)ulfonic acid groups, sulfonic acid salt thereof (SM), (P)hosphonic acid groups and salts thereof (PM), halogen atoms (X), and (N)itrogen containing groups.
- Preferably the core R5 unit is selected from aryl or aralkyl units with from 3 to 30 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions; or branched or linear alkyl units with from 3 to 12 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions.
- More preferably the core R5 unit is selected from aryl or aralkyl units with from 3 to 24 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions or branched; or linear alkyl units with from 3 to 12 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions
- Specifically more preferably the core R5 unit is selected from aryl or aralkyl units with from 3 to 15 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions or branched; or linear alkyl units with from 3 to 12 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions
- The core R5 can be selected from the group consisting of:
- The above compounds may optionally be substituted by additional functional groups to enhance their detection as tracers by various detection methods like gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectrometry (MS) or a combination thereof, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and detection of radiation coupled with suitable separation techniques like liquid column chromatography. The hydrophilicity of water soluble tracers having hydrophobic substituents can be altered by introducing sulfonic acid or sulfonic acid salts in the core molecule R5. In that way the solubility and the physicochemical properties of the tracers can be tailor made for the purpose.
- The number of available oil soluble tracers can be increased by substituting the core molecule R5 with halogens (X) and different types of linear or branched alkyl substituents in various positions
- The above identified compounds can be selected from the list found in the examples.
- The invention also relates to a composition containing one or more compounds as defined above and one or more additional constituents like solvents, diluents, surfactants, adsorbents, stabilizers and/or formulated into tablets or capsules.
- The invention also relates to a compound characterized by the following generic structure
-
R1R2R3—(OCHR4—CH2—)n—R5—[(—CH2—CHR6O)m—R7R8R9]p - wherein the core unit R5 is further connected to 2-4 units by carbon, ether or ester bonds;
- R4 and R6 is H or —CH3 to give PEG or PPG chains;
- n and m are integers between 2 and 12 in which n could be the same or different from m;
- p is an integer between 1 and 3 depending on R5;
- R3 and R7 are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon or aralkyl moieties with 2-40 carbon coupled to the PEG units or the PPG units by an ester or ether bond;
- R1, R2, R5 and R9 are all H or identical or different hydrophilic functional groups preferably carboxylic, sulfonic or phosphonic acid groups; or salts, hydrates and solvates thereof; or
- a composition containing one or more of these compounds and one or more additional constituents like solvents, diluents, surfactants, adsorbents, stabilizers and/or formulated into tablets or capsules;
- for the use as a tracer.
- The invention also relates to a compound or a composition as defined above for use as tracers in release systems.
- The invention also relates to a compound or a composition as defined above for inflow monitoring during oil and gas production.
- The invention also relates to a compound or a composition as defined above, wherein the components are detected topside after release from oil and gas wells.
- The invention also relates to a compound or a composition as defined above, wherein the components are detected topside after release from oil and gas wells by LCMS, GCMS or a combination thereof.
- The LC-MS method development and analyses were performed on an Agilent 1100/1200 Series LC/MSD system (Agilent Technologies Inc., Palo Alto, Calif., USA). The system consists of a G1322A/G1379B mobile phase degassing unit, a G1311A quaternary pump with gradient mixer for up to four mobile phase constituents/G1312B binary pump with gradient mixer for up to two mobile phase constituents, a G1376A/G1367C autosampler, a G1330A/G1312B thermostat, a G1316A/G131613 column thermostat and a G1946D/G6130A single quadrupole mass spectrometer. Any equivalent LC-MS system may be used.
- Scans were run using electrospray ionization in positive mode. 40% of a 50 mmolar solution of ammoniumacetate in acetonitrile (60%). 0.2 ml flow and direct injection without column separation.
- Synthesis
- The following synthetic pathways are to be regarded as examples on how to prepare the intermediates and end products including the examples of the application. The synthesis are well known to a person skilled in the art and the details like molar ratios, stoichiometry, solvents, volumes, temperatures, bases etc. can be varied to, optimize the yields and purity.
- The general synthesis procedures described in the present invention is meant to be examples, but should not be restricted to. The tosylation reaction may be replaced by a mesylation reaction or other activation reaction steps known to people skilled in the art. Further, the present compounds may be synthesized by e.g. addition reactions, condensation reactions or substitution reactions not shown in the examples
- Synthesis of Oil-Soluble Compounds
- The general synthesis is outlined in
Scheme 2. Monotosylates, where n is an integer number from 1 to 8, are synthesized as inScheme 1 or are commercially available. - Tosylation—General Procedure
- NaOH (108 g, 2.70 mol) was dissolved in H2O (1320 mL) and added a solution of monobenzyl-PEG4 (200 g, 0.703 mol) in THF (1200 mL). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and added a solution of para-toluenesulfonyl chloride (228 g, 1.20 mol) in THF (800 mL) over 2 h. The white suspension was stirred at 0° C. for another 30 min, before THF was removed under vacuum (rotary evaporator, 40° C.). DCM (1500 mL) and H2O (1500 mL) were added, the mixture was stirred for 5 min, and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (2×1500 mL), and the combined organic extracts were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated (rotary evaporator, 40° C.) to give the product (320 g) as a pale yellow oil.
-
Scheme 2 is also relevant for examples wherein 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,3-dihydroxynaphtalene or 1,5-dihydrxonaphtalene are the core molecules (R5) and compounds wherein 3-phenylbenzyl and 2-methylnaphtalane are the terminating groups. - General Procedure of Ether Compounds
- A mixture of K2CO3 (4.5 eq) in MeCN (800 ml/mol) was heated to reflux. A mixture of the catechol (1 eq) and the tosylate (2.2 eq) in MeCN (1400 ml/mol catechol) was slowly added, and the reflux was continued for 4 days. After cooling the temperature to 50 degrees, ethanolamine (25 ml/mol tosylate) was added and the mixture was refluxed for another 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 1 vol CH2Cl2. The salts were filtered off and washed with some CH2Cl2. After removal of the solvents, the residue is dissolved in CH2Cl2 and washed with 1M HCl (aq) (2×), and with water, then dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo.
- Procedures for examples of oil-soluble compounds with substituted resorcinol in the core molecule (R5) is outlined in Scheme 3:
- The following specific procedures are provided as examples for the synthesis of oil-soluble compounds found among the examples:
- A mixture of K2CO3 (21.46 g) in MeCN (143 ml) was heated to reflux. A mixture of the 4-chloro resorcinol (4.76 g) and the tosylate (30.12 g) in MeCN (56 ml) was slowly added, and the reflux was continued for 4 days. After cooling the temperature to 50 degrees, ethanolamine (2.90 ml) was added and the mixture was refluxed for another 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 258 ml CH2Cl2. The salts were filtered off and washed with CH2Cl2. After removal of the solvents, the residue is dissolved in CH2Cl2 (200 ml) and washed with 1M HCl (aq) (2×200 ml), and with water, then dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give 16.6 g (92% yield) as a brown liquid.
- A mixture of K2CO3 (17.68 g) in MeCN (102 ml) was heated to reflux. A mixture of the 4-chloro resorcinol (4.09 g) and the tosylate (30.82 g) in MeCN (40 ml) was slowly added, and the reflux was continued for 4 days. After cooling the temperature to 50 degrees, ethanolamine (2.39 ml) was added and the mixture was refluxed for another 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 197 ml CH2Cl2. The salts were filtered off and washed with CH2Cl2. After removal of the solvents, the residue is dissolved in CH2Cl2 (200 ml) and washed with 1M HCl (aq) (2×200 ml), and with water, then dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give 17.2 g (86% yield) as an orange liquid.
- A mixture of K2CO3 (17.8 g) in MeCN (103 ml) was heated to reflux. A mixture of the 4-chloro resorcinol (3.95 g) and the tosylate (37.07 g) in MeCN (40 ml) was slowly added, and the reflux was continued for 4 days. After cooling the temperature to 50 degrees, ethanolamine (2.40 ml) was added and the mixture was refluxed for another 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 204 ml CH2Cl2. The salts were filtered off and washed with CH2Cl2. After removal of the solvents, the residue is dissolved in CH2Cl2 (200 ml) and washed with 1M HCl (aq) (2×200 ml), and with water, then dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give 22.5 g (90% yield) as an orange liquid.
- A mixture of K2CO3 (15.22 g) in MeCN (88 ml) was heated to reflux. A mixture of the 4-chloro resorcinol (3.38 g) and the tosylate (36.05 g) in MeCN (34 ml) was slowly added, and the reflux was continued for 4 days. After cooling the temperature to 50 degrees, ethanolamine (2.05 ml) was added and the mixture was refluxed for another 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 179 ml CH2Cl2. The salts were filtered off and washed with CH2Cl2. After removal of the solvents, the residue is dissolved in CH2Cl2 (200 ml) and washed with 1M HCl (aq) (2×200 ml), and with water, then dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give 24.3 g (97% yield) as an orange liquid.
- A mixture of K2CO3 (17.68 g) in MeCN (102 ml) was heated to reflux. A mixture of the 4-chloro resorcinol (4.09 g) and the tosylate (30.82 g) in MeCN (40 ml) was slowly added, and the reflux was continued for 4 days. After cooling the temperature to 50 degrees, ethanolamine (2.39 ml) was added and the mixture was refluxed for another 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 197 ml CH2Cl2. The salts were filtered off and washed with CH2Cl2. After removal of the solvents, the residue is dissolved in CH2Cl2 (200 ml) and washed with 1M HCl (aq) (2×200 ml), and with water, then dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give 17.2 g (86% yield) as an orange liquid.
- Synthesis of Water-Soluble Compounds
- A general procedure for a 2-step reaction for water-soluble compounds is outlined in
Scheme 4. The procedure is also valid for compounds wherein dihydroxynaphtalene or substituted resorcinol are the core molecules. - Hydrogenation
- To a 10% solution of the oil soluble intermediate in methanol in an argon-flushed flask, about 5% (based on oil soluble intermediate mass) of 10% Pd(C) is added. The flask is flushed with hydrogen, and the mixture is stirred vigorously overnight. It is then filtered through a plug of celite and then concentrated in vacuo to give the diol in almost quantitative yield.
- Sulton Reaction
- The diol is dissolved in DMSO, and 2.4 eq. KOtBu is added. The mixture is then heated to 40 C under vacuum for 2 h in order to evaporate the tBuOH formed. After cooling to room temperature, 2.4 eq. 1,3-propanesultone in some DMSO is added. The mixture is then stirred at 60 C overnight before the DMSO is removed in vacuo (ca. 12 mbar/90 C). The residue is dissolved in a minimal amount of methanol, and the product is precipitated by addition of 5 vol acetone. The product is isolated by centrifugation, washed with some acetone, and then dried in vacuo. Yields vary depending on product structure, and amount of DMSO and methanol present during precipitation. By concentrating the mother-liquor and repeating the precipitation, a second crop may be obtained, resulting in acceptable yield of the RGTW.
- Alternative Sulton Reaction
- A solution of the diol (3.0 g, 6.5 mmol, 1 equiv.) and 1,3-propanesultone (2.17 g, 17.8 mmol, 2.7 equiv.) in THF (6 mL) was warmed to 60° C. and added a solution of KOtBu (2.01 g, 17.9 mmol, 2.7 equiv.) in THF (14 mL) over 15 min. Additional THF (10 mL) was added to help stirring. The resulting suspension was cooled to rt and stirred over night.
- THF was removed under vacuum after 20 h at rt. The resulting solid was dissolved in minimal amounts of MeOH (150 mL) under reflux. The solution was poured into acetone (450 mL) to result in a cloudy mass not possible to isolate by filtration. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the resulting solid was analyzed by HPLC. Any type of sultone may be used as reagent for introducing e.g. sulfonic acid functionality and useful properties such as steric effects.
- General Procedure of Ester Compounds
- Synthesis of ester based compounds through reactions of alcohols and acid chlorides is shown below. The detail description is for synthesis of tris(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate. However the same general procedure, adjusted only with respect to stoichiometry, can be used to synthesize similar mono, di or tetra substituted aromatic esters from corresponding acid chlorides or di-esters of non-aromatic acid chlorides.
- A three neck round bottle (100 ml) equipped with a stirrer and thermometer was loaded with THF (3.6 ml) and then TEA (0.89 g, 8.81 mmol) was added under stirring for 2 min. While stirring a solution of tetra ethylene glycol-mono-benzyl ether (3.00 g, 8.81 mmol) in dry THF (3 ml) was added. The reaction was stirred for 30 min. at room temperature, and then cooled to 0° C. A solution of 1,3,5-benzene-tricarbonyltrichloride (0.73 g, 2.75 mmol) in dry THF (1 ml) was drop-wise added in a rate not allowing the reaction temperature to exceed 27° C. After addition the reaction mixture was stirred for another 2.5 hours, then centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min. The THF phase was isolated, precipitate washed with THF (2×10 ml) and the combined THF phase was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual oil was extracted with water (3×10 ml, pH=6.7), organic phase dried with anhydrous sodiumsulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the product (yield 81%). The pure product was obtained by flash chromatography (MS spectrum for the respectively crude and purified product are shown in
MS spectrum nr - A general synthesis method for etherification of propylene glycol derivatives, here shown by use of di-propyleneglycol is found in
scheme 6. - 1,33-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-15,19-dimethyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecaoxatritriacontane was synthesized according to
scheme 6 where R1=R2=t-butyl and n=4. A thermostat regulated glass reactor equipped with mechanical stirrer was loaded with a slurry of potassium-t-butoxide (2.51 g, 22.36 mmol) in dry THF (10 ml). At 20° C., a solution of di-propylene glycol (1.5 g, 11.18 mmol) in dry THF (10 ml) was dropwise added, and the reaction mixture was stirred over night atroom 20° C. The solvent and the formed t-butanole was removed by evaporation at 83° C. under stirring. At 22° C. dry THF (20 ml) was added to gain a new fine slurry. While stirring at 3° C., a solution of t-butyl benzyl-tetra ethyleneglycol-mono tosylate (11.5 g) in dry THF (50 ml) was dropwise added and the reaction mixture was further stirred at room temperature over night. The reaction mixture was filtrated and the oil phase concentrated under reduced pressure to give the product. MS spectrum no 22 is shown inFIG. 22 , example 21 - A general synthesis method for etherfication of alpha,alpha′-Dibromo-o-xylene derivatives is found in
scheme 7. - 1,2-bis(15-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene was synthesized according to
scheme 7 where R=t-butyl and n=4. KOtBu (20.0 g, 178 mmol) was dissolved in THF (200 m) and tetraethylene glycol mono(tertbuthyl)benzyl ether (60 g, 176 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was added dropwise. After 1 hour THF (together with formed tBuOH) was removed in vacuo, and another 200 ml THF was added. 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (23 g, 87 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was then added slowly. - After one night, the reaction mixture was filtered, evaporated, and partitioned between methylene chloride and water. The aqueous phase was extracted with more dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give 61.0 g product. MS spectrum no 19 is shown in
FIG. 19 , example 18. - 1,2-bis(15-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene was synthesized according to
scheme 7 where R=t-butyl and n=4. KOtBu (21 g, 187 mmol) was dissolved in THF (200 m) and tetraethylene glycol monobenzyl ether (52 g, 182 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was added dropwise. After 1 hour THF (together with formed tBuOH) was removed in vacuo, and another 200 ml THF was added. 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (24 g, 90 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was then added slowly. - After one night, the reaction mixture was filtered, evaporated, and partitioned between methylene chloride and water. The aqueous phase was extracted with more dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give 60.0 g product. MS spectrum no 20 is shown in
FIG. 20 , example 19. - 1,2-bis(27-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxaheptacosyl)benzene was synthesized according to
scheme 7 where R1=H and n=8. KOtBu (11.78 g, 105 mmol) was dissolved in THF (200 m) and octaethylene glycol monobenzyl ether (46.0 g, 100 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was added dropwise. After 15 min THF (together with formed tBuOH) was removed in vacuo, and another 200 ml THF was added. 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (13.2 g, 50 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was then added slowly. - After one night, the reaction mixture was filtered, evaporated, and partitioned between methylene chloride and water. The aqueous phase was extracted with more dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give 41.2 g product. MS spectrum no 21 is shown in
FIG. 21 , Example 20 - A general synthesis method for etherification of 1,4-di-hydroxybutane derivatives, here shown bus reaction with 1,4-di-hydroxybutane (scheme 8)
- 1,32-diphenyl-2,5,8,11,14,19,22,25,28,31-decaoxadotriacontane was synthesized according to
scheme 8 where R1=H and n=4. 1,4-butandiol (200 mg, 2.2 mmol) was dissolved THF (5 mL) and KOtBu (500 mg, 4.5 mmol) dissolved in 5 mL THF was added slowly. After 1 hour tosyl tetraethylene glycol monobenzyl ether (2 g, 4.56 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was added dropwise. After 1 hour THF was removed in vacuo. - After one night, the reaction mixture was filtered, evaporated, and partitioned between methylene chloride and water. The aqueous phase was extracted with more dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give 500 mg product. MS spectrum no 23 is shown in
FIG. 23 , example 22. - A general synthesis method for etherification of 1,3,5-tris-(Hydroxymethyl)benzene derivatives (scheme 9)
- 1,3,5-tris(15-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene was synthesized according to
scheme 9 where R=H and n=4. In an argon-flushed flask, sodium hydride (50% in oil, 3.6 g, 75 mmol) was washed twice with cyclohexane to remove the oil. THF (200 ml) was added, followed by tetraethylene glycol monobenzyl ether (17.04 g, 60 mmol). The mixture was heated to 40 degrees C. until the evolution of gas diminished. A solution of 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene (7.13 g, 20 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was added dropwise, and the reaction continued at 40 degrees C. - After two nights, the reaction mixture was filtered, concentrated in vacuo, and partitioned between water and dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried and concentrated to give the product. MS spectrum no 24 is shown in
FIG. 24 , example 23. - 1,3,5-tris(27-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxaheptacosyl)benzene was synthesized according to
scheme 9 where R=H and n=8. In an argon-flushed flask, sodium hydride (50% in oil, 3.6 g, 75 mmol) was washed twice with cyclohexane to remove the oil. THF (200 ml) was added, followed by octaethylene glycol monobenzyl ether (27.6 g, 60 mmol). The mixture was heated to 40 degrees C. until the evolution of gas diminished. A solution of 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene (7.13 g, 20 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was added dropwise, and the reaction continued at 40 degrees C. - After two nights, the reaction mixture was filtered, concentrated in vacuo, and partitioned between water and dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried and concentrated to give the product. MS spectrum no 25 is shown in
FIG. 25 , example 24. -
FIG. 1 MS scan ofproduct 1,2-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl)oxy)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 1 -
FIG. 2 MS scan of product bis(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) glutarate obtained from synthesis in example 2 -
FIG. 3 MS scan of crude product tris(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate obtained from synthesis in example 3 -
FIG. 4 MS scan of purified product tris(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate obtained from synthesis in example 3 -
FIG. 5 MS scan ofproduct -
FIG. 6 MS scan ofproduct 1,2-bis(2-(2-(benzyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 5 -
FIG. 7 MS scan ofproduct 2,3-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl)oxy)naphthalene obtained from synthesis in example 6 -
FIG. 8 MS scan ofproduct potassium -
FIG. 9 MS scan ofproduct potassium -
FIG. 10 MS scan ofproduct potassium -
FIG. 11 MS scan ofproduct potassium -
FIG. 12 MS scan ofproduct -
FIG. 13 MS scan of product 13,13′((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) obtained from synthesis in example 12 -
FIG. 14 MS scan of product 19,19′-((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecane) obtained from synthesis in example 13 -
FIG. 15 MS scan of product 25,25′-((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octaoxapentacosane) obtained from synthesis in example 14 -
FIG. 16 MS scan of product 13,13′-((4-chloro-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) obtained from synthesis in example 15 -
FIG. 17 MS scan ofproduct potassium -
FIG. 18 MS scan ofproduct potassium -
FIG. 19 MS scan ofproduct potassium 1,2-bis(15-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 18 -
FIG. 20 MS scan ofproduct potassium 1,2-bis(15-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 19 -
FIG. 21 MS scan ofproduct potassium 1,2-bis(27-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxaheptacosyl)benzene obtained from synthesis in example 20 -
FIG. 22 MS scan ofproduct potassium 1,33-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-15,19-dimethyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecaoxatritriacontane obtained from synthesis in example 21 -
FIG. 23 MS scan ofproduct potassium 1,32-diphenyl-2,5,8,11,14,19,22,25,28,31-decaoxadotriacontane obtained from synthesis in example 22 -
FIG. 24 MS scan ofproduct potassium -
FIG. 25 MS scan ofproduct potassium - The examples given are only illustrations within the scope of the claims and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The general synthetic schemes are described above. All the MS spectra are run from FAC/AMAC buffers and hence all the masses are represented by the ammonia adduct M+18 (for single ions) and (M+36)/2 for double ions. The MS is regular scans using electrospray ionization and positive mode settings.
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- The table below is an overview of synthesized compounds and their main mass peak(s) (m+n*18/n*z), where n=number of ion charges, as a NH4-M adducts. The observed molecular adducts are used for product identifications in LC-MS analysis. The 24 examples above can be found in the table with reference in the third column and the fourth column refers to the synthetic methods used and described earlier in scheme 1-9.
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m/z. as Ex. Scheme NH4 Chemical name No. no. adduct 1 1,2-bis(2-(2-(benzyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene 5 1.2 484.3 2 1,2-bis(2-(2-(2-(benzyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene 1.2 572.3 3 1,2-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13- 1 1.2 660.4 yl)oxy)benzene 4 1,2-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecan-16- 1.2 748.5 yl)oxy)benzene 5 1,2-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecan-19- 1.2 836.5 yl)oxy)benzehe 6 1,2-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23- 1.2 1012.6/ octaoxapentacosan-25-yl)oxy)benzene 515.4 7 1,2-bis(2-(2-((4-methylbenzyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene 1.2 512.4 8 1,2-bis(2-(2-(2-((4- 1.2 600.4 methylbenzyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene 9 1,2-bis((1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13- 1.2 688.5 yl)oxy)benzene 10 1,2-bis((1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecan-16- 1.2 776.4 yl)oxy)benzene 11 1,2-bis((1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecan-19- 1.2 864.5 yl)oxy)benzene 12 1,2-bis((1-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan- 1.2 772.5 13-yl)oxy)benzene 13 1,2-bis((1-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23- 1.2 1124.7/ octaoxapentacosan-25-yl)oxy)benzene 571.5 14 1,2-bis(2-(2-(naphthalen-2- 1.2 584.4 ylmethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene 15 1,2-bis((1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2,5,8,11,14,17- 1.2 936.4 hexaoxanonadecan-19-yl)oxy)benzene 16 1,3-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13- 1.3 660.4 yl)oxy)benzene 17 1,4-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13- 1.3 660.4 yl)bxy)benzene 18 (((((((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- 1.2 498.4 diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzene 19 (((((((((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- 1.2 586.3 diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzene 20 13,13′-((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-phenyl- 1.2 674.5 2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) 21 16,16′-((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-phenyl- 1.2 762.5 2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecane) 22 19,19′-((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-phenyl- 1.2 850.6 2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecane) 23 25,25′-((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-phenyl- 1.2 1026.5/ 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octaoxapentacosane) 522.4 24 4,4′-(((((((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane- 1.2 526.4 2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))bis(methylbenzene) 25 4,4′-(((((((((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane- 1.2 614.4 2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane- 2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))bis(methylbenzene) 26 13,13′((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)- 1.2 702.5 2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) 27 16,16′-((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)- 1.2 790.5 2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecane) 28 19,19′-((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)- 1.2 878.6 2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecane) 29 4,4′-(((((((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- 11 1.3 540.5 diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))bis(methylbenzene) 30 13,13′-((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)- 12 1.3 716.4 2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) 31 19,19′-((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)- 13 1.3 892.5/ 2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecane) 455.4 32 (((((((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- 1.2 540.3 diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzene 33 (((((((((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane- 1.2 628.5 2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane- 2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzene 34 13,13′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1- 1.2 416.5 phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) 35 16,16′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1- 1.2 804.5 phenyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecane) 36 19,19′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1- 1.2 892.6 phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecane) 37 25,25′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1- 1.2 1068.5/ phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octaoxapentacosane) 543.5 38 4,4′-(((((((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2 568.4 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))bis(methylbenzene) 39 4,4′-(((((((((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2 656.6 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))bis(methylbenzene) 40 13,13′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p- 1.2 744.5 tolyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) 41 16,16′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p- 1.2 832.5 tolyl)-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecane) 42 19,19′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p- 1.2 920.6 tolyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecane) 43 25,25′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(4- 1.2 1180.8/ (tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23- 599.5 octaoxapentacosane) 44 19,19′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1- 1.2 992.5 (naphthalen-2-yl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecane) 45 (((((((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane- 1.2 596.5 2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzene 46 13,13′-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1- 1.2 772.6 phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) 47 19,19′-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1- 1.2 948.6 phenyl-2,5, 8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecane) 48 25,25′-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1- 1.2 1124.7/ phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octaoxapentacosane) 571.5 49 13,13′-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(4- 1.2 884.6 (tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) 50 25,25′-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(4- 1.2 1236.8/ (tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23- 627.5 octaoxapentacosane) 51 1,2-bis(15-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14- 1.7 688.2 pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene 52 1,2-bis(27-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26- 1.7 1040.6 nonaoxaheptacosyl)benzene 53 1,2-bis(15-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11,14- 18 1.7 800.5 pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene 54 4,4′-(((((((4-chloro-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- 1.3 546.2 diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))bis(methylbenzene) 55 13,13′-((4-chloro-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)- 15 1.3 722.4 2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane) 56 1,5-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13- 1.2 710.4 yl)oxy)naphthalene 57 2,3-bis(2-(2-(benzyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)naphthalene 1.2 534.3 58 2,3-bis(2-(2-(2- 1.2 622.5 (benzyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)naphthalene 59 2,3-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13- 6 1.2 710.4 yl)oxy)naphthalene 60 2,3-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecan-16- 1.2 798.4 yl)oxy)naphthalene 61 2,3-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecan-19- 1.2 886.4 yl)oxy)naphthalene 62 2,3-bis((1-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23- 1.2 1062.5/ octaoxapentacosan-25-yl)oxy)naphthalene 540.4 63 2,3-bis(2-(2-((4- 1.2 562.4 methylbenzyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)naphthalene 64 2,3-bis(2-(2-(2-((4- 1.2 650.4 methylbenzyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)naphthalene 65 2,3-bis((1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13- 1.2 738.4 yl)oxy)naphthalene 66 2,3-bis((1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecan-16- 1.2 826.4 yl)oxy)naphthalene 67 2,3-bis((1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecan-19- 1.2 914.6 yl)oxy)naphthalene 68 13,13′-((propane-2,2-diylbis(4,1- 1.2 806.4 phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11- tetraoxatridecane) 69 19,19′-((propane-2,2-diylbis(4,1- 1.2 982.5/ phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(1-(p-tolyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17- 500.5 hexaoxanonadecane) 70 1,33-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-15,19-dimethyl- 21 1.6 796.6 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecaoxatritriacontane 71 1,32-diphenyl-2,5,8,11,14,19,22,25,28,31- 22 1.8 640.5 decaoxadotriacontane 72 1,56-diphenyl- 1.8 992.6 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55- octadecaoxahexapentacontane 73 bis(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) succinate 5 668.4 74 bis(1-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13- 5 780.5 yl) succinate 75 bis(1-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23- 5 1132.6/ octaoxapentacosan-25-yl) succinate 575.5 76 bis(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) glutarate 2 5 682.4 77 bis(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octaoxapentacosan- 5 1034.5/ 25-yl) glutarate 526.4 78 bis(1-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13- 5 794.5 yl) glutarate 79 bis(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) adipate 5 696.4 80 1,3,5-tris((1-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,5,8,11- 1.2 1110.7 tetraoxatridecan-13-yl)oxy)benzene 81 1,3,5-tris(15-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14- 24 1.9 984.5 pentaoxapentadecyl)benzene 82 1,3,5-tris(27-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26- 25 1.9 765.6 nonaoxaheptacosyl)benzene 83 tris(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) benzene- 3 5 1026.4 1,3,5-tricarboxylate 84 potassium 3,3′-(((((1,2-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- 7 1.2.4 548.2 diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propane-1- sulfonate) 85 potassium 3,3′-(((((((1,2-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(ethane- 1.2.4 636.3 2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane- 2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propane-1-sulfonate) 86 potassium 1,1′-(1,2-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12- 8 1.2.4 724.3 tetraoxapentadecane-15-sulfonate) 87 potassium 1,1′-(1,2- 1.2.4 900.3/ phenylenebis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18- 459.2 hexaoxahenicosane-21-sulfonate) 88 potassium 1,1′-(1,2- 1.2.4 1076.8/ phenylenebis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24- 547.4 octaoxaheptacosane-27-sulfonate) 89 potassium 4,4′-(((((1,2-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- 1.2.4 567.0 diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(butane-1- sulfonate) 90 potassium 1,1′-(1,2-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12- 1.2.4 752.3 tetraoxahexadecane-16-sulfonate) 91 potassium 1,1′-(1,2- 1.2.4 928.3/ phenylenebis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxadocosane- 473.3 22-sulfonate) 92 potassium 1,1′-(1,2- 1.2.4 1104.4/ phenylenebis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24- 561.2 octaoxaoctacosane-28-sulfonate) 93 potassium 3,3′-((((((4-methyl-1,2- 1.2.4 562.3 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propane-1- sulfonate) 94 potassium 1,1′-((4-methyl-1,2- 9 1.2.4 738.1/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecane- 378.3 15-sulfonate) 95 potassium 1,1′-((4-methyl-1,2- 1.2.4 914.3/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18- 466.3 hexaoxahenicosane-21-sulfonate) 96 potassium 1,1′-((4-methyl-1,2- 1.2.4 1090.8/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24- 554.4 octaoxaheptacosane-27-sulfonate) 97 potassium 4,4′-((((((4-methyl-1,2- 1.2.4 590.0 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(butane-1- sulfonate) 98 potassium 1,1′-((4-methyl-1,2- 10 1.2.4 766.4 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxahexadecane-16- sulfonate) 99 potassium 1,1′-((4-methyl-1,2- 1.2.4 942.0/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18- 480.3 hexaoxadocosane-22-sulfonate) 100 potassium 1,1′-((4-methyl-1,2- 1.2.4 1118/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24- 568 octaoxaoctacosane-28-sulfonate) 101 potassium 1,1′-((((((4-methyl-1,2- 17 1.2.4 618.3 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(pentane-3- sulfonate) 102 potassium 4,4′-((((((4-methyl-1,2- 16 1.2.4 742.3 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(1- phenylbutane-2-sulfonate) 103 potassium 1,1′-((4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(28- 1.2.4 644.5 phenyl-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-octaoxaoctacosane-27- sulfonate) 104 potassium 3,3′-((((((4-ethyl-1,3- 1.2.4 576.3 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propane-1- sulfonate) 105 potassium 1,1′-((4-ethyl-1,3- 1.2.4 752.3 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecane- 15-sulfonate) 106 potassium 1,1′-((4-ethyl-1,3- 1.2.4 928.3/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18- 473.3 hexaoxahenicosane-21-sulfonate) 107 potassium 1,1′-((4-ethyl-1,3- 1.2.4 1104.4/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24- 561.2 octaoxaheptacosane-27-sulfonate) 108 potassium 4,4′-((((((4-ethyl-1,3- 1.2.4 604.3 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(butane-1- sulfonate) 109 potassium 1,1′-((4-ethyl-1,3- 1.2.4 780.3 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxahexadecane-16- sulfonate) 110 potassium 1,1′-((4-ethyl-1,3- 1.2.4 956.4/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18- 487.3 hexaoxadocosane-22-sulfonate) 111 potassium 1,1′-((4-ethyl-1,3- 1.2.4 1132.2/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24- 575.1 octaoxaoctacosane-28-sulfonate) 112 potassium 3,3′-((((((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2.4 604.3 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propane-1- sulfonate) 113 potassium 1,1′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2.4 780.4/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecane- 399.4 15-sulfonate) 114 potassium 1,1′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2.4 956.5/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18- 487.4 hexaoxahenicosane-21-sulfonate) 115 potassium 1,1′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2.4 1132.8/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24- 575.4 octaoxaheptacosane-27-sulfonate) 116 potassium 4,4′-((((((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2.4 632.3 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(butane-1- sulfonate) 117 potassium 1,1′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2.4 808.5/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxahexadecane-16- 413.4 sulfonate) 118 potassium 1,1′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2.4 984.5/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18- 501.4 hexaoxadocosane-22-sulfonate) 119 potassium 1,1′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2.4 1160/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24- 589.4 octaoxaoctacosane-28-sulfonate) 120 potassium 1,1′-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2- 1.2.4 836.4/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecane- 427.4 15-sulfonate) 121 potassium 1,1′-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2- 1.2.4 1012.5/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18- 515.4 hexaoxahenicosane-21-sulfonate) 122 potassium 1,1′-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2- 1.2.4 864.5/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxahexadecane-16- 441.4 sulfonate) 123 potassium 3,3′-((((((4-chloro-1,3- 1.2.4 582.2 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propane-1- sulfonate) 124 potassium 1,1′-((4-chloro-1,3- 1.2.4 758.2 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecane- 15-sulfonate) 125 potassium 4,4′-((((((4-chloro-1,3- 1.2.4 610.2 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(butane-1- sulfonate) 126 potassium 1,1′-((4-chloro-1,3- 1.2.4 786.3 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxahexadecane-16- sulfonate) 127 potassium 3,3′-(((((naphthalene-2,3- 1.2.4 598.3 diylbis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propane-1-sulfonate) 128 potassium 1,1′-(naphthalene-2,3- 1.2.4 774.3/ diylbis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecane-15- 396.3 sulfonate) 129 potassium 1,1′-(naphthalene-2,3- 1.2.4 950.3/ diylbis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxahenicosane-21- 484.3 sulfonate) 130 potassium 1,1′-(naphthalene-2,3- 1.2.4 1126.8/ diylbis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24- 572.4 octaoxaheptacosane-27-sulfonate) 131 potassium 4,4′-(((((naphthalene-2,3- 1.2.4 626.3 diylbis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(butane-1-sulfonate) 132 potassium 1,1′-(naphthalene-2,3- 1.2.4 802 diylbis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxahexadecane-16- sulfonate) 133 potassium 1,1′-(naphthalene-2,3- 1.2.4 978.3/ diylbis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxadocosane-22- 498.4 sulfonate) 134 potassium 1,1′-(naphthalene-2,3- 1.2.4 1154.6/ diylbis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-octaoxaoctacosane- 586.3 28-sulfonate) 135 1,1′-(1,2-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24- 4 1.2.4 1104.4/ octaoxaoctacosane-28-sulfonic acid) 561.2 136 25,25′-((4-ethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1-phenyl- 14 1.2 1104.4/ 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octaoxapentacosane) 561.4 137 potassium 1,1′-((4-methyl-1,2- 1.2.4 794.4/ phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxaheptadecane- 406.3 15-sulfonate) 138 1,2-bis((1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13- 1.2 760.4 yl)oxy)benzene 139 2,2′-(((((((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2- 1.2 640.4 phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- diyl))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dinaphthalene 140 13,13′-((4-(tert-butyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(1- 1.2 816.4 (naphthalen-2-yl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecane)
Claims (15)
1. A compound with the following generic structure
R1R2R3—(—OCHR4—CH2—)n—R5—[(—CH2—CHR6O)m—R7R8R9]p
R1R2R3—(—OCHR4—CH2—)n—R5—[(—CH2—CHR6O)m—R7R8R9]p
wherein the core unit R5 is further connected to 2-4 units by carbon, ether or ester bonds;
R4 and R6 is H or —CH3 to give PEG or PPG chains;
n and m are integers between 2 and 12 in which n could be the same or different from m;
p is an integer between 1 and 3 depending on R5;
R3 and R7 are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon moieties with 2-40 carbon coupled to the PEG units or the PPG units by an ester or ether bond;
R1, R2, R8 and R9 are all H or identical or different hydrophilic functional groups preferably carboxylic, sulfonic or phosphonic acid groups; or salts, hydrates and solvates thereof;
with the exception of 1,2-bis(2-(2-(benzyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene.
2. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein n and m are integers between 3 and 12.
3. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein the core R5 unit consist of C, O and H atoms.
4. A compound according to claim 3 , wherein the core R5 unit consist of at least one halogen atom.
5. A compound according to claim 3 , wherein the core R5 unit consist of at least one sulfonic acid or sulfonic acid salt.
6. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein the core R5 unit is selected from aryl or aralkyl units with from 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 3-24 carbon atoms, specifically preferable 3-15 carbon atoms, which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions or branched; or linear alkyl units with from 3 to 12 carbon atoms which also may contain one or more ether functions and/or ester functions.
8. A compound according to claim 1 optionally substituted by additional functional groups to enhance their detection as tracers by various detection methods like gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectrometry (MS) or a combination thereof, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and detection of radiation coupled with suitable separation techniques like liquid column chromatography.
9. A compound according to claim 1 selected from:
10. A composition containing one or more compounds according to claim 1 and one or more additional constituents like solvents, diluents, surfactants, adsorbents, stabilizers and/or formulated into tablets or capsules or other matrix forms and geometrical shapes.
11. A compound with the following generic structure
R1R2R3—(—OCHR4—CH2—)n—R5—[(—CH2—CHR6O)m—R7R8R9]p
R1R2R3—(—OCHR4—CH2—)n—R5—[(—CH2—CHR6O)m—R7R8R9]p
wherein the core unit R is further connected to 2-4 units by carbon, ether or ester bonds;
R4 and R6 is H or —CH3 to give PEG or PPG chains;
n and m are integers between 2 and 12 in which n could be the same or different from m;
p is an integer between 1 and 3 depending on R5;
R3 and R7 are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon moieties with 2-40 carbon coupled to the PEG units or the PPG units by an ester or ether bond;
R1, R2, R8 and R9 are all H or identical or different hydrophilic functional groups preferably carboxylic, sulfonic or phosphonic acid groups; or salts, hydrates and solvates thereof; or
a composition containing one or more of these compounds and one or more additional constituents like solvents, diluents, surfactants, adsorbents, stabilizers and/or formulated into tablets or capsules;
for the use as a tracer.
12. A compound or a composition according to claim 11 for use as tracers in release systems.
13. A compound or a composition according to claim 11 for use as tracers for inflow monitoring during oil and gas production.
14. A compound or a composition according to claim 11 , where components are detected topside after release from oil and gas wells.
15. A compound or a composition according to claim 11 where the components are detected topside after release from oil and gas wells by LCMS, GCMS or a combination thereof.
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Cited By (4)
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WO2019086463A1 (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-09 | Baxalta GmbH | Environmentally compatible detergents for inactivation of lipid-enveloped viruses |
US20200071252A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Rhodia Operations | Substituted catechol additives in coatings and methods for use |
US20200071442A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Rhodia Operations | Substituted catechol polymeric dispersants |
US20200071441A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Rhodia Operations | Substituted catechol monomers, copolymers and methods for use |
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CN107989600B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2023-09-12 | 捷贝通石油技术集团股份有限公司 | Water-based trace chemical tracer and method for measuring connectivity between water injection wells |
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- 2014-09-29 NO NO20160449A patent/NO346902B1/en unknown
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- 2014-09-29 WO PCT/NO2014/050179 patent/WO2015047105A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2014-09-29 AU AU2014328885A patent/AU2014328885A1/en not_active Abandoned
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WO2019086463A1 (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-09 | Baxalta GmbH | Environmentally compatible detergents for inactivation of lipid-enveloped viruses |
CN111511800A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2020-08-07 | 百深有限责任公司 | Environmentally compatible detergents for inactivation of lipoenveloped viruses |
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US20200071252A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Rhodia Operations | Substituted catechol additives in coatings and methods for use |
US20200071442A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Rhodia Operations | Substituted catechol polymeric dispersants |
US20200071441A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Rhodia Operations | Substituted catechol monomers, copolymers and methods for use |
EP3844137A4 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2022-10-05 | Rhodia Operations | Substituted catechol additives in coatings and methods for use |
US11613597B2 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2023-03-28 | Rhodia Operations | Substituted catechol polymeric dispersants |
US11613508B2 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2023-03-28 | Rhodia Operations | Substituted catechol additives in coatings and methods for use |
US11623972B2 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2023-04-11 | Rhodia Operations | Substituted catechol monomers, copolymers and methods for use |
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AU2014328885A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
NO20160449A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
EP3052465B1 (en) | 2020-07-29 |
US20160214930A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
WO2015047105A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
US10364217B2 (en) | 2019-07-30 |
EP3052465A1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
NO346902B1 (en) | 2023-02-20 |
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