US20150060077A1 - Integrated packer and fluid cross-over subassembly for gas injection and fluid removal in a well - Google Patents
Integrated packer and fluid cross-over subassembly for gas injection and fluid removal in a well Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150060077A1 US20150060077A1 US14/018,711 US201314018711A US2015060077A1 US 20150060077 A1 US20150060077 A1 US 20150060077A1 US 201314018711 A US201314018711 A US 201314018711A US 2015060077 A1 US2015060077 A1 US 2015060077A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- well
- subassembly
- tubing string
- annulus
- connection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
- E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/122—Gas lift
Definitions
- liquids In oil and gas production environments, wells often produce gases and liquids, the liquids having a higher density than the gases. If liquids are not produced out of the well's bore, they can accumulate and eventually their weight will act against innate pressure in the well's producing formation, and cause the well's production to slow or stop. Additionally, some produced liquids are valuable commodities, and producers would like to recover them to surface for further processing and sale.
- Deviated wellbores are a special example of this phenomenon, since an enormous surface area communicating from the production zone to the well's bore is provided along the horizontal section of the wellbore, at roughly the same elevation. This can exacerbate problems with removal of produced liquids, and as well can provide in essence a large bottom-hole reservoir of collected liquids (when compared to a non-deviated well).
- Maszanti '756 contains a discussion of a prior art gas lift system of the prior art in connection with its FIG. 2.
- a narrow conduit or tubing string is inserted into the deviated well terminating at or above the deviation (where the wellbore bends toward horizontal).
- a packer is deployed to seal the annulus between the well's casing and the outer surface of the narrow conduit. Gas under pressure from surface is flowed down the annulus to above the packer, and can enter the narrow conduit through a gas lift valve. The pressurized gas comingles with fluids which have collected in the well's bore below the packer and upward into the narrowed conduit, and flows to surface bearing comingled fluids with it.
- Mazzanti '756 discloses an improved alternative, which provides for injection of pressurized gas into the production zone of the deviated wellbore well beyond the bend to horizontal through the central conduit of a concentrically arranged two-tube system.
- the outer tube is packed and sealed off to the casing above the bend, and pressurized gas is introduced through the inner conduit to the wellbore below the packer.
- This pressurized gas together with formation pressure is sufficient to force comingled gas and produced liquids up the well's bore via the annular space between the outer surface of the inner tube and the inner surface of the outer tube of the concentrically arranged tube system.
- This lift is used to raise liquids to a reservoir above the packer formed of the packer, the well's casing, and the outer surface of the concentrically arranged two-tube system, and then a conventional pump is used to raise liquids to surface.
- This is a complex multi-stage system.
- the invention includes a subassembly for insertion in a production string inside a cased deviated well to permit the injection of pressurized gas down the annulus (between the outer wall of an inner or core conduit in the tubing and the inner wall of an outwardly concentrically deposed conduit or the wellbore's inner wall) of the string for substantially all of its vertical portion with a passageway communicating in a sealed fashion from the annulus into the central bore at or just below the point where the well is deviated (to horizontal); similarly, fluid flow from the wellbore's lower, deviated portion into the annulus including commingled pressurized gas delivered along the above passageway, flows uphole in that annulus to the crossover sub, where it is directed into the core passage in the tubing string.
- the advantage is that the higher velocity attained in the vertical portion upward bound more efficiently moves fluids out of the well to surface (including produced fluids) using the pressurized gas introduced during the operation; this occurs with the simultaneous advantage of efficient delivery of the high pressure gas to the lower end of the conduit inside the core tubing, permitting the operation to take place where the outer wall of the annulus is perforated or otherwise open to formation.
- a crossover subassembly for inclusion in a production tubing stream in a well, comprising a body with an upper end with: (i) a first connection to an upper central tube above the body; (ii) a second connection to an annulus between the outer surface of the upper central tube and the inner surface of another conduit, which may be the well's casing or a secondary tubing string; and with a lower end with: (i) a third connection to a lower central tube below the body; and (ii) an opening or fourth connection to an annulus between the outer surface of the lower central tube and the inner surface of another conduit, which may be the well's casing or a secondary tubing string.
- the subassembly has: at least two passageways through the body: a first passageway communicating between the first connection and the opening or fourth connection; a second passageway communicating between the second connection and the third connection; and a packer or seal between the body and the well's casing or secondary tubing string, to isolate the wellbore above the subassembly from the wellbore below the subassembly.
- Another embodiment provides a method for producing fluids from a deviated well with by injecting pressurized gas from surface down a conduit formed of an upper annulus between the outer surface of an upper central tubing string and the inner surface of a second conduit through which the central tubing string is strung, which may be the well's casing or a secondary tubing string from surface equipment to a seal between the outer surface of the upper central tubing string and the inner surface of a cross-over subassembly thus sealing the annulus to the inner wall of the second conduit at the subassembly, then through a passageway through the body of the cross-over subassembly to which the upper annulus is attached at the top of the subassembly in communication through the subassembly to a lower central tubing string extending into the deviated portion of the well's bore and then producing fluids from the deviated portion of the well's bore below the seal on the subassembly's body up the annulus between the inner surface of the well'
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram, not to scale, showing flow-paths for introduced gas and produced fluids in a simple deviated wellbore.
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram, not to scale, showing mechanical features, conduits and flow directions for introduced gas and produced fluids at the device of the invention (i.e. not “in situ” the well-bore)
- FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show a cross-section of two examples of the cross-over subassembly of the invention.
- pressurized gas lift When lifting fluids from a horizontal well's horizontal portion of its bore, typically where the bore is open to production, using pressurized gas lift with gas under pressure from surface introduced to the well, it is desirable that the pressurized gas be delivered as deeply into the well as possible to mix and comingle with fluids collected in the bore for as much distance in the bore as possible. Since the well's bore may be open to the production zone over much of its length, this means it is desirable to have the pressurized gas delivered in a conduit such as a tube, and not in the annulus between a tubing string and the well's bore's face.
- a conduit 10 with its open bottom end 20 in communication with the wellbore 90 within its horizontal or deviated portion.
- Conduit 10 is at its top end 30 connected to and in communication with the crossover subassembly 50 .
- the crossover subassembly 50 will be sealed with a packer 55 to the casing 110 of the vertical portion of the wellbore (or to some functionally equivalent tubing string if the well has multiple completions—not shown).
- a passageway 60 which communicates with conduit 10 also communicates with the annular space above the packer 55 between the casing 110 and another tubing 70 to surface equipment (not shown).
- a passageway 65 communicates between an upper tubing 70 and the annulus between the wellbore 90 and the outer surface of the lower conduit 10 below packer 55 .
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
A subassembly is provided which is designed so that two passageways in concentrically arranged tubing strings can be formed to provide a flow-path which in a first direction communicates with equipment at surface in an annular passageway then switches partway along the tubing strings' length in the well to the subassembly and is redirected to the core passageway, and back from the string's lower end up the annular space to the subassembly and is again redirected this time to the tubing's core passageway back to surface equipment; the two passageways being: the core passageway formed of the core tubing's inner volume; and the annular passageway formed of the annular space between the core tubing string and a concentrically surrounding second tubing string's inner surface; the subassembly forming a two-way cross-over between the two passageways at the same part of the string.
Description
- In oil and gas production environments, wells often produce gases and liquids, the liquids having a higher density than the gases. If liquids are not produced out of the well's bore, they can accumulate and eventually their weight will act against innate pressure in the well's producing formation, and cause the well's production to slow or stop. Additionally, some produced liquids are valuable commodities, and producers would like to recover them to surface for further processing and sale.
- Deviated wellbores are a special example of this phenomenon, since an enormous surface area communicating from the production zone to the well's bore is provided along the horizontal section of the wellbore, at roughly the same elevation. This can exacerbate problems with removal of produced liquids, and as well can provide in essence a large bottom-hole reservoir of collected liquids (when compared to a non-deviated well).
- In the prior art, quite a few techniques are available to remove fluids from a wellbore, including mechanical pumps, jet pumps, and of particular note, high velocity gas streams achieved by constraining the diameter or carrying volume of a production conduit within a well's bore so that exiting gas is forced to take the low-volume conduit to surface, resulting in a high velocity exit—those systems are aimed at causing the high-velocity exiting gases to carry comingled fluid with the gases in order to produce the fluids in the same high velocity stream.
- A variation on that theme, which is proposed for use in a deviated or horizontal well production situation, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,006,756 granted to Mazzanti (“Mazzanti '756”). First, Mazzanti '756 contains a discussion of a prior art gas lift system of the prior art in connection with its FIG. 2. Essentially, a narrow conduit or tubing string is inserted into the deviated well terminating at or above the deviation (where the wellbore bends toward horizontal). A packer is deployed to seal the annulus between the well's casing and the outer surface of the narrow conduit. Gas under pressure from surface is flowed down the annulus to above the packer, and can enter the narrow conduit through a gas lift valve. The pressurized gas comingles with fluids which have collected in the well's bore below the packer and upward into the narrowed conduit, and flows to surface bearing comingled fluids with it.
- Mazzanti '756 discloses an improved alternative, which provides for injection of pressurized gas into the production zone of the deviated wellbore well beyond the bend to horizontal through the central conduit of a concentrically arranged two-tube system. The outer tube is packed and sealed off to the casing above the bend, and pressurized gas is introduced through the inner conduit to the wellbore below the packer. This pressurized gas together with formation pressure is sufficient to force comingled gas and produced liquids up the well's bore via the annular space between the outer surface of the inner tube and the inner surface of the outer tube of the concentrically arranged tube system. This lift is used to raise liquids to a reservoir above the packer formed of the packer, the well's casing, and the outer surface of the concentrically arranged two-tube system, and then a conventional pump is used to raise liquids to surface. This is a complex multi-stage system.
- The invention includes a subassembly for insertion in a production string inside a cased deviated well to permit the injection of pressurized gas down the annulus (between the outer wall of an inner or core conduit in the tubing and the inner wall of an outwardly concentrically deposed conduit or the wellbore's inner wall) of the string for substantially all of its vertical portion with a passageway communicating in a sealed fashion from the annulus into the central bore at or just below the point where the well is deviated (to horizontal); similarly, fluid flow from the wellbore's lower, deviated portion into the annulus including commingled pressurized gas delivered along the above passageway, flows uphole in that annulus to the crossover sub, where it is directed into the core passage in the tubing string. The advantage is that the higher velocity attained in the vertical portion upward bound more efficiently moves fluids out of the well to surface (including produced fluids) using the pressurized gas introduced during the operation; this occurs with the simultaneous advantage of efficient delivery of the high pressure gas to the lower end of the conduit inside the core tubing, permitting the operation to take place where the outer wall of the annulus is perforated or otherwise open to formation.
- In an embodiment, a crossover subassembly is provided for inclusion in a production tubing stream in a well, comprising a body with an upper end with: (i) a first connection to an upper central tube above the body; (ii) a second connection to an annulus between the outer surface of the upper central tube and the inner surface of another conduit, which may be the well's casing or a secondary tubing string; and with a lower end with: (i) a third connection to a lower central tube below the body; and (ii) an opening or fourth connection to an annulus between the outer surface of the lower central tube and the inner surface of another conduit, which may be the well's casing or a secondary tubing string. The subassembly has: at least two passageways through the body: a first passageway communicating between the first connection and the opening or fourth connection; a second passageway communicating between the second connection and the third connection; and a packer or seal between the body and the well's casing or secondary tubing string, to isolate the wellbore above the subassembly from the wellbore below the subassembly.
- Another embodiment provides a method for producing fluids from a deviated well with by injecting pressurized gas from surface down a conduit formed of an upper annulus between the outer surface of an upper central tubing string and the inner surface of a second conduit through which the central tubing string is strung, which may be the well's casing or a secondary tubing string from surface equipment to a seal between the outer surface of the upper central tubing string and the inner surface of a cross-over subassembly thus sealing the annulus to the inner wall of the second conduit at the subassembly, then through a passageway through the body of the cross-over subassembly to which the upper annulus is attached at the top of the subassembly in communication through the subassembly to a lower central tubing string extending into the deviated portion of the well's bore and then producing fluids from the deviated portion of the well's bore below the seal on the subassembly's body up the annulus between the inner surface of the well's bore where it is in communication with a formation through which the well was made and the outer surface of the lower central tubing string and then through a second passageway through the subassembly's body into the upper central tubing string and then to surface equipment.
- Although the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications and changes may be made while remaining in the scope and spirit of the invention claimed.
-
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram, not to scale, showing flow-paths for introduced gas and produced fluids in a simple deviated wellbore. -
FIG. 2 shows a diagram, not to scale, showing mechanical features, conduits and flow directions for introduced gas and produced fluids at the device of the invention (i.e. not “in situ” the well-bore) -
FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show a cross-section of two examples of the cross-over subassembly of the invention. - When lifting fluids from a horizontal well's horizontal portion of its bore, typically where the bore is open to production, using pressurized gas lift with gas under pressure from surface introduced to the well, it is desirable that the pressurized gas be delivered as deeply into the well as possible to mix and comingle with fluids collected in the bore for as much distance in the bore as possible. Since the well's bore may be open to the production zone over much of its length, this means it is desirable to have the pressurized gas delivered in a conduit such as a tube, and not in the annulus between a tubing string and the well's bore's face.
- In this invention, in the deviated (horizontal) part of the well's bore we deploy a
conduit 10 with itsopen bottom end 20 in communication with thewellbore 90 within its horizontal or deviated portion. Conduit 10 is at itstop end 30 connected to and in communication with thecrossover subassembly 50. In operation, thecrossover subassembly 50 will be sealed with apacker 55 to thecasing 110 of the vertical portion of the wellbore (or to some functionally equivalent tubing string if the well has multiple completions—not shown). Within thecrossover subassembly 50, apassageway 60 which communicates withconduit 10 also communicates with the annular space above thepacker 55 between thecasing 110 and anothertubing 70 to surface equipment (not shown). Similarly, apassageway 65 communicates between anupper tubing 70 and the annulus between thewellbore 90 and the outer surface of thelower conduit 10 belowpacker 55. - As can be seen, high pressure gas from surface (downward arrows 80) flow from surface equipment (not shown) down the annulus between
casing 110 and conduit 70 throughpacker 55 and subassembly 50 intoconduit 10, and then out the lower end ofconduit 10 into the wellbore. There, the pressurized gas comingles with fluids in the horizontal portion of thewellbore 90 and flow toward surface in the annulus between thewellbore 90 and the outer surface oftubing 10, into thesubassembly 50past packer 55 and into the upper conduit 70 (shown by arrows 85) to collection facilities at surface (not shown). This accomplishes two things: delivery of pressurized gas well into the horizontal portion of thewellbore 90, and delivery up the vertical portion of the production string at high velocities in small-diameter tubing 70.
Claims (3)
1. A crossover subassembly for inclusion in a production tubing stream in a well, comprising a body with
i. An upper end with:
1. A first connection to an upper central tube above the body
2. A second connection to an annulus between the outer surface of the upper central tube and the inner surface of another conduit, which may be the well's casing or a secondary tubing string
ii. A lower end with:
1. A third connection to a lower central tube below the body; and
2. An opening or fourth connection to an annulus between the outer surface of the lower central tube and the inner surface of another conduit, which may be the well's casing or a secondary tubing string
iii. At least two passageways through the body, comprising:
1. A passageway communicating between the first connection and the opening or fourth connection; and
2. A second passageway communicating between the second connection and the third connection
iv. And a packer or seal between the body and the well's casing or secondary tubing string, to isolate the wellbore above the subassembly from the wellbore below the subassembly
2. A method for producing fluids from a deviated well with by:
a. injecting pressurized gas from surface down a conduit formed of:
i. An upper annulus between the outer surface of an upper central tubing string and the inner surface of a second conduit through which the central tubing string is strung, which may be the well's casing or a secondary tubing string from surface equipment to a seal between the outer surface of the upper central tubing string and the inner surface of a cross-over subassembly thus sealing the annulus to the inner wall of the second conduit at the subassembly
ii. A passageway through the body of the cross-over subassembly to which the upper annulus is attached at the top of the subassembly in communication through the subassembly to a lower central tubing string extending into the deviated portion of the well's bore
b. Producing fluids from the deviated portion of the well's bore below the seal on the subassembly's body along a route comprising:
i. up the annulus between the inner surface of the well's bore where it is in communication with a formation through which the well was made and the outer surface of the lower central tubing string
ii. through a second passageway through the subassembly's body into the upper central tubing string and then to surface equipment
3. The method of claim 2 where the subassembly is sealed to the well's casing at or near the bottom of the well's vertical portion and before its deviated or horizontal portion.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/018,711 US20150060077A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 | 2013-09-05 | Integrated packer and fluid cross-over subassembly for gas injection and fluid removal in a well |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/018,711 US20150060077A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 | 2013-09-05 | Integrated packer and fluid cross-over subassembly for gas injection and fluid removal in a well |
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US20150060077A1 true US20150060077A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
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US14/018,711 Abandoned US20150060077A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 | 2013-09-05 | Integrated packer and fluid cross-over subassembly for gas injection and fluid removal in a well |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021057760A1 (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-04-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method, device, and system for low-frequency variable-pressure oil reservoir exploitation of remaining oil in pores |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7367401B2 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2008-05-06 | Smith International, Inc. | Ported velocity tube for gas lift operations |
US7766085B2 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2010-08-03 | Marathon Oil Company | Apparatus, assembly and process for injecting fluid into a subterranean well |
US20130277052A1 (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-24 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Swellable Packer In Hookup Nipple |
US20150096756A1 (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2015-04-09 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | System and methods for injection and production from a single wellbore |
-
2013
- 2013-09-05 US US14/018,711 patent/US20150060077A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7367401B2 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2008-05-06 | Smith International, Inc. | Ported velocity tube for gas lift operations |
US7588086B2 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2009-09-15 | Smith International, Inc. | Ported velocity tube for gas lift operations |
US7766085B2 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2010-08-03 | Marathon Oil Company | Apparatus, assembly and process for injecting fluid into a subterranean well |
US20150096756A1 (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2015-04-09 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | System and methods for injection and production from a single wellbore |
US20130277052A1 (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-24 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Swellable Packer In Hookup Nipple |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021057760A1 (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-04-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method, device, and system for low-frequency variable-pressure oil reservoir exploitation of remaining oil in pores |
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Owner name: MVM MACHINING, CANADA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VETTER, STEPHEN;MAERZ, STEPHEN;REEL/FRAME:031546/0211 Effective date: 20130924 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |