US20150059678A1 - Cylinder head assembly with oil reflector for lubrication of a rocker arm - Google Patents
Cylinder head assembly with oil reflector for lubrication of a rocker arm Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150059678A1 US20150059678A1 US14/016,304 US201314016304A US2015059678A1 US 20150059678 A1 US20150059678 A1 US 20150059678A1 US 201314016304 A US201314016304 A US 201314016304A US 2015059678 A1 US2015059678 A1 US 2015059678A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cylinder head
- oil
- camshaft
- head assembly
- spray
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
- F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
- F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
- F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
- F01M9/101—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries of cam surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
- F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
- F01M9/102—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries of camshaft bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
- F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
- F01M9/105—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries using distribution conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
- F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
- F01L2001/0537—Double overhead camshafts [DOHC]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L2001/186—Split rocking arms, e.g. rocker arms having two articulated parts and means for varying the relative position of these parts or for selectively connecting the parts to move in unison
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2810/00—Arrangements solving specific problems in relation with valve gears
- F01L2810/02—Lubrication
Abstract
A cylinder head assembly includes a cylinder head defining a port for selectively communicating air to a combustion chamber of an engine or for selectively discharging exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. The cylinder head also defines a valve seat between the port and the combustion chamber. A combustion valve is mounted in the cylinder head and is selectively seated and unseated with the valve seat. A camshaft with a lobe is mounted in the cylinder head. A rocker arm is engaged with the combustion valve and has a follower for following the lobe. An oil spray source provides a spray of oil while an oil reflector is configured to receive the spray of oil and direct the spray of oil to the follower to provide lubrication between the interface of the follower and the lobe.
Description
- The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a rocker arm for transmitting opening and closing motion from a camshaft to a combustion valve; more particularly to such an internal combustion engine with a rocker arm which is switchable between a high lift mode and a low lift mode; and even more particularly to such an internal combustion engine which includes an oil reflector for receiving a spray of oil and directing the spray of oil to a follower of the rocker arm.
- It is known in art of internal combustion engines to provide variable valve actuation devices which are switchable between a low lift mode and high lift mode, thereby opening a combustion valve, for example an intake valve, to a low lift and a high lift respectively. One such variable valve actuation device is disclosed in United States Patent Application Publication No. US 2009/0078225 to Hendriksma, hereinafter referred to as Hendriksma, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Hendriksma teaches a rocker arm with a rocker arm body within which is mounted a center high lift follower which is selectively allowed to pivot relative to the rocker arm body. A pair of low lift followers are mounted to the rocker arm body and flank the high lift follower. The high lift follower follows a high lift lobe of a camshaft to selectively transmit high valve lifting motion to a combustion valve while the low lift followers follow respective low lift lobes of the camshaft to selectively transmit low valve lifting motion to the combustion valve.
- A latching mechanism is provided to selectively allow the high lift follower to pivot relative to the rocker arm body and to selectively prevent the high lift follower from pivoting relative to the rocker arm body. In order to position the latching mechanism to prevent the high lift follower from pivoting relative to the rocker arm body, thereby allowing high valve lifting motion to be transmitted to the combustion valve from the high lift lobe, pressurized oil is supplied to the latching mechanism. The pressurized oil urges a lock pin into engagement with the high lift follower. A spray hole is provided in the rocker arm body to allow some of the pressurized oil supplied to the latching mechanism to be sprayed onto the interface between the high lift follower and the high lift lobe, thereby lubricating the interface between the high lift follower and the high lift lobe.
- Conversely, in order to position the latching mechanism to allow the high lift follower to pivot relative to the rocker arm body, thereby allowing low valve lifting motion to be transmitted to the combustion valve from the low lift lobes, oil is drained from the latching mechanism and a latch spring pushes the lock pin out of engagement with the high lift follower. Consequently, the high lift lobe causes the high lift follower to pivot cyclically within the rocker arm body. Since pressurized oil is not being supplied to the latching mechanism, oil is not sprayed onto interface between the high lift follower and the high lift lobe which may be acceptable in the low lift mode because the load between the high lift lobe and the high lift follower is relatively low.
- The rocker arm of Hendriksma is considered to be a default low lift two-step rocker arm because the rocker arm is placed in the low lift mode when no pressurized oil is supplied to the latching mechanism. It is known to provide a two-step rocker arm similar to the rocker arm of Hendriksma with the exception of modifying the latching mechanism to place the rocker arm in the high lift mode when pressurized oil is not supplied to the latching mechanism, thereby resulting in a default high lift two-step rocker arm. Such a modified latching mechanism is disclosed in FIG. 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,761,217 to Waters et al., hereinafter referred to as Waters, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. However, since pressurized oil is not used to place the latching mechanism in the high lift mode, pressurized oil is not available from the latching mechanism to lubricate the interface between the high lift lobe and the high lift follower. Consequently, an oil spray bar may be provided exclusively for lubricating the interface between the high lift lobe and the high lift follower. The addition of an oil spray bar exclusively for lubricating the interface between the high lift lobe and the high lift follower may add cost and complexity and may require an oil pump of increased capacity which may lead to decreased fuel efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
- What is needed is an internal combustion engine which minimizes or eliminates one or more of the shortcomings as set forth above.
- Briefly described a cylinder head assembly is provided for an internal combustion engine having a piston reciprocatable within a cylinder, a crankshaft rotated by the piston, a combustion chamber defined between the cylinder head assembly and the piston. The cylinder head assembly allows air into the combustion chamber and also allows exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber. The cylinder head assembly includes a cylinder head defining a port for selectively communicating the air to the combustion chamber or for selectively discharging the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. The cylinder head also defines a valve seat between the port and the combustion chamber. A combustion valve is mounted in the cylinder head and is selectively seated and unseated with the valve seat. A camshaft mounted in the cylinder head is rotatable about a camshaft axis and has a high lift lobe and a low lift lobe. A rocker arm is engaged with the combustion valve and has a high lift follower and a low lift follower. The rocker arm is switchable between 1) a high lift mode for receiving high lift valve opening and closing motion from the high lift lobe of the camshaft and 2) a low lift mode for receiving low lift opening and closing motion from the low lift lobe of the camshaft, whereby rotation of the camshaft about the camshaft axis causes the rocker arm to pivot, thereby seating and unseating the combustion valve with the valve seat in a cyclic pattern. An oil spray source provides a spray of oil while an oil reflector is configured to receive the spray of oil and direct the spray of oil to one of the high lift follower and the low lift follower to provide lubrication between the interface of the high lift follower and the high lift lobe or between the interface of the low lift follower and the low lift lobe.
- Further features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on a reading of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, which is given by way of non-limiting example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- This invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
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FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of an internal combustion engine in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 2 is an elevation cross-sectional view of the internal combustion engine of -
FIG. 1 taken through section line 2-2; -
FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of an intake valve and an intake valve seat ofFIG. 2 shown in the intake closed position; -
FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the intake valve and the intake valve seat ofFIG. 2 shown in the intake open position; -
FIG. 2C is an enlarged view of an exhaust valve and an exhaust valve seat ofFIG. 2 shown in the exhaust closed position; -
FIG. 2D is an enlarged view of the exhaust valve and the exhaust valve seat of -
FIG. 2 shown in the exhaust open position; -
FIG. 3 is an elevation view of a camshaft bearing of the internal combustion engine in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a rocker arm of the internal combustion engine in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of an oil spray reflector of the internal combustion engine in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the oil spray reflector ofFIG. 5 , now shown in conjunction with a portion of the internal combustion engine in accordance with the invention; and -
FIG. 7 is an isometric view of an alternative oil spray reflector of the internal combustion engine in accordance with the invention. - In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention and referring to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , aninternal combustion engine 10 with anengine block 12 is shown. As shown,internal combustion engine 10 is a multi-cylinder engine, however, for brevity, only onecylinder 14 defined byengine block 12 and the components and features relating tocylinder 14 will be described sincecylinder 14 is substantially the same as the others. Apiston 16 is reciprocatable withincylinder 14 and acylinder head assembly 18 is mounted toengine block 12 such that acombustion chamber 20 is defined betweenpiston 16 andcylinder head assembly 18. Afuel injector 22 may be provided for injecting fuel directly intocombustion chamber 20 for combustion of the fuel withincombustion chamber 20 which causespiston 16 to reciprocate withincombustion chamber 20. A lower end ofpiston 16 is attached to acrankshaft 24 which rotates about acrankshaft axis 26 as a result of reciprocation ofpiston 16 withincombustion chamber 20.Cylinder head assembly 18 selectively allows air intocombustion chamber 20 to support combustion of the fuel and selectively allows exhaust gases out ofcombustion chamber 20 that result from the combustion of the fuel. Alternatively, but not shown,fuel injector 22 may inject fuel upstream ofcombustion chamber 20 such that the fuel is introduced intocombustion chamber 20 along with air that is supplied bycylinder head assembly 18. A spark plug (not shown) may be provided to initiate combustion of the fuel withincombustion chamber 20.Internal combustion engine 10 may be an in-line four cylinder engine as shown; however, it should be understood that a greater or lesser number of cylinders may be included and other cylinder arrangements may be used, for example only, an internal combustion engine having banks of cylinders arranged at an angle to each other which are commonly known as “V” configurations. -
Cylinder head assembly 18 generally includes acylinder head 28 fastened toengine block 12; anintake valve 30 mounted withincylinder head 28; anexhaust valve 32 mounted withincylinder head 28; anintake camshaft 34 mounted withincylinder head 28; anexhaust camshaft 36 mounted withincylinder head 28; anintake rocker arm 38 engaged withintake camshaft 34 andintake valve 30 and pivotable about anintake lash adjuster 39; anexhaust rocker arm 40 engaged withexhaust camshaft 36 andexhaust valve 32 and pivotable about anexhaust lash adjuster 41; and avalve cover 42 defining a cylinderhead assembly compartment 44 withcylinder head 28 which enclosesintake valve 30,exhaust valve 32,intake camshaft 34,exhaust camshaft 36,intake rocker arm 38,intake lash adjuster 39,exhaust rocker arm 40, andexhaust lash adjuster 41.Cylinder head assembly 18 will be described in greater detail in the paragraphs that follow. As illustrated,cylinder 14 includes respective pairs ofexhaust valves 32,intake rocker arms 38, intake lashadjusters 39,exhaust rocker arms 40, and exhaust lashadjusters 41; however, it should be understood that eachcylinder 14 may include different numbers of each depending on the design ofinternal combustion engine 10. -
Cylinder head 28 defines anair intake port 46 for selectively communicating air tocombustion chamber 20, anexhaust port 48 for selectively discharging exhaust gases fromcombustion chamber 20, anintake valve seat 50 betweenair intake port 46 andcombustion chamber 20, and anexhaust valve seat 52 betweenexhaust port 48 andcombustion chamber 20.Intake valve 30 is selectively seated (FIG. 2A ) and unseated (FIG. 2B ) in a cyclic pattern withintake valve seat 50 via input fromintake camshaft 34 andintake rocker arm 38 as will be discussed in greater detail below. Similarly,exhaust valve 32 is selectively seated (FIG. 2C ) and unseated (FIG. 2D ) in a cyclic pattern withexhaust valve seat 52 via input fromexhaust camshaft 36 andexhaust rocker arm 40 as will be discussed in greater detail below. - With continued reference to
FIGS. 1 and 2 and now with additional reference toFIG. 3 ,intake camshaft 34 andexhaust camshaft 36 are mounted withincylinder head 28 via a plurality ofcamshaft bearings 54 which are each defined by a firstsemicircular recess 56 defined withincylinder head 28 and a secondsemicircular recess 58 formed in abearing cap 60 which is secured tocylinder head 28 with fasteners illustrated as bearingcap bolts 62 which pass through bearingcap 60 and threadably engagecylinder head 28 to clampbearing cap 60 tocylinder head 28. In this way,intake camshaft 34 andexhaust camshaft 36 are captured between respective firstsemicircular recesses 56 and secondsemicircular recesses 58 such thatintake camshaft 34 andexhaust camshaft 36 define journal bearing interfaces withrespective camshaft bearings 54. In this way,intake camshaft 34 rotates about anintake camshaft axis 64 andexhaust camshaft 36 rotates about anexhaust camshaft axis 66 via input fromcrankshaft 24 through a drive member (not shown), which may be, for example only, a chain, belt, or gear arrangement. - Again with reference to
FIGS. 1 and 2 ,intake camshaft 34 includes a center highlift intake lobe 68 flanked by a pair of outer lowlift intake lobes 70. Highlift intake lobe 68 selectively transmits a high lift valve opening and closing motion tointake valve 30 throughintake rocker arm 38 as will be described in greater detail later while lowlift intake lobes 70 selectively transmit a low lift valve opening and closing motion tointake valve 30 throughintake rocker arm 38 as will also be described in greater detail later. The high lift valve opening and closing motion as used herein is meant to be a motion that will open intake valve 30 a greater magnitude fromintake valve seat 50 than the low lift valve opening and closing motion. -
Exhaust camshaft 36 includes anexhaust lobe 72 which transmits valve opening and closing motion to exhaust have 32 throughexhaust rocker arm 40 as will be described in greater detail later. - With continued reference to
FIGS. 1 and 2 and now with additional reference toFIG. 4 ,intake rocker arm 38 includes an intakerocker arm body 74 within which is mounted a centerhigh lift follower 76 which is selectively pivotable within intakerocker arm body 74 about apivot shaft 78.High lift follower 76 follows highlift intake lobe 68 ofintake camshaft 34 in a sliding interface. A pair oflow lift followers 80, illustrated as rollers which flankhigh lift follower 76, are mounted to intakerocker arm body 74 on aroller shaft 82. Eachlow lift follower 80 follows a respective lowlift intake lobe 70 ofintake camshaft 34 in a rolling interface. A first end of intakerocker arm body 74 engages and pivots about intake lashadjuster 39 while a second end engagesintake valve 30, thereby causingintake valve 30 to seat and unseat withintake valve seat 50 asintake rocker arm 38 pivots about intake lashadjuster 39. - A
latching mechanism 84 is disposed within intakerocker arm body 74 at the end thereof which engages intake lashadjuster 39. Latchingmechanism 84 includes a latch bore 86 in intakerocker arm body 74 within which alatch pin 88 is slidably disposed.Latch pin 88 selectively engageshigh lift follower 76, thereby preventing relative movement betweenhigh lift follower 76 and intakerocker arm body 74.Latch pin 88 also selectively disengageshigh lift follower 76, thereby allowinghigh lift follower 76 to pivot relative to intakerocker arm body 74 aboutpivot shaft 78. Alatch spring 90 urges latchpin 88 into engagement withhigh lift follower 76 when high lift ofintake valve 30 is desired. Conversely, pressurized oil is supplied to latchpin 88 through an oil passage 89, thereby compressinglatch spring 90 and disengaginglatch pin 88 fromhigh lift follower 76 when low lift ofintake valve 30 is desired. The supply of pressurized oil to latchpin 88 may be controlled, for example, by anoil control valve 92 which receives oil from anoil supply 94 ofinternal combustion engine 10. - A lost
motion spring 96, illustrated for example only as a compression coil spring, is disposed operatively betweenhigh lift follower 76 and intakerocker arm body 74. Whenlatch pin 88 is disengaged fromhigh lift follower 76, lostmotion spring 96 is compressed and uncompressed in a cyclic pattern by highlift intake lobe 68. In this way, lostmotion spring 96 maintains contact betweenhigh lift follower 76 and highlift intake lobe 68 while not permitting valve lifting motion to be transferred from highlift intake lobe 68 tointake valve 30. - Further features and characteristics of
intake rocker arm 38 are shown in United States Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0078225 to Hendriksma and U.S. Pat. No. 7,761,217 to Waters et al. which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. - Again with reference to
FIGS. 1 and 2 ,exhaust rocker arm 40 includes an exhaustrocker arm body 98 within which an exhaustrocker arm follower 100 is mounted onroller shaft 101. Exhaustrocker arm follower 100, illustrated as a roller, followsexhaust lobe 72 ofexhaust camshaft 36 in a rolling interface. A first end of exhaustrocker arm body 98 engages and pivots about exhaust lashadjuster 41 while a second end engagesexhaust valve 32 thereby causingexhaust valve 32 to seat and unseat withexhaust valve seat 52 asexhaust rocker arm 40 pivots about exhaust lashadjuster 41 as a result ofexhaust lobe 72. - With continued reference to
FIGS. 1 and 2 and now with additional reference toFIGS. 5 and 6 ,cylinder head assembly 18 includes anoil reflector 102 which receives a spray of oil from an oil spray source and directs the spray of oil tohigh lift follower 76 in order to lubricate the interface between highlift intake lobe 68 andhigh lift follower 76.Oil reflector 102 includes a mountingportion 104 for attachingoil reflector 102 tocylinder head assembly 18. Mountingportion 104 may be substantially planar and may include mountingholes 106 for receivingbearing cap bolts 62 therethrough which clamp mountingportion 104 between the head of bearingcap bolts 62 andbearing cap 60.Oil reflector 102 also includes at least one directingportion 108 extending from mountingportion 104 in the same direction asintake camshaft axis 64. Directingportion 108 is substantially dome-shaped and includes aconcave side 110 which generally faces towardintake rocker arm 38 and aconvex side 112 which generally faces towardvalve cover 42. At least a portion of the spray of oil from the oil spray source is received by theconcave side 110 and is directed byconcave side 110 to impinge onhigh lift follower 76 to lubricate the sliding interface ofhigh lift follower 76 and highlift intake lobe 68. As shown,oil reflector 102 includes two directingportion 108 separated by mountingportion 104 such thatoil reflector 102 serves to lubricatehigh lift followers 76 of twointake rocker arms 38 ofcylinder 14.Oil reflector 102 may be made of, for example only, sheet metal which is formed into the desired shape for example only by stamping, punching, and/or bending. While directingportion 108 is illustrated as substantially dome-shaped, it should be understood that directingportion 108 may be other shapes that are tailored to provide the desired lubrication of the interface ofhigh lift follower 76 and highlift intake lobe 68. - The oil spray source may be camshaft bearing 54. The interface of camshaft bearing 54 and
intake camshaft 34 is lubricated by oil fromoil supply 94 through an oil gallery 114 (FIG. 3 ) incylinder head 28. Oil fromoil supply 94 is supplied tooil gallery 114 under pressure, for example, by a pump (not shown). The oil is then forced into the interface of camshaft bearing 54 andintake camshaft 34. Oil from the interface of camshaft bearing 54 and intake camshaft 34 (journal bearing interface) is discharged therefrom to form the spray of oil which is received by theconcave side 110 and is directed byconcave side 110 to impinge onhigh lift follower 76 to lubricate the sliding interface ofhigh lift follower 76 and highlift intake lobe 68. In this way, the oil that is used to lubricate the interface of camshaft bearing 54 andintake camshaft 34 is also used to lubricate the interface ofhigh lift follower 76 and highlift intake lobe 68. Consequently, the pump used to pressurize oil fromoil supply 94 does not need to be increased in size to accommodate an additional oil spray bar that would be used exclusively to lubricate the interface betweenhigh lift follower 76 and highlift intake lobe 68. For clarity,FIG. 6 includesarrows 116 to illustrate the spray of oil coming from camshaft bearing 54 and directed byoil reflector 102 tohigh lift follower 76. - In order to lubricate
high lift follower 76 of eachintake rocker arm 38 for eachcylinder 14, anoil reflector 102 may be provided at each camshaft bearing 54 ofintake camshaft 34. Alternatively, and now with reference toFIG. 7 , anoil reflector 102′ may be substituted formultiple oil reflectors 102.Oil reflector 102′ includes mountingportions 104′ corresponding to each camshaft bearing 54 ofintake camshaft 34. Each mountingportion 104′ includes mountingholes 106′ for receivingbearing cap bolts 62 therethrough.Oil reflector 102′ also includes directingportions 108′ which each correspond to a respectiveintake rocker arm 38.Oil reflector 102′ may perform substantially identical tomultiple oil reflectors 102; however, fewer individual parts are needed and assembly ofoil reflector 102′ may be simplified. - While
exhaust rocker arm 40 has been illustrated as a conventional rocker arm which provides only one magnitude of lift, it should be understood thatexhaust rocker arm 40 may be configured to be a two-step rocker arm as has been illustrated byintake rocker arm 38. Ifexhaust rocker arm 40 is configured to be a two-step rocker arm,oil reflector 102 oroil reflector 102′ may be similarly utilized to lubricateexhaust rocker arm 40. - While
intake rocker arm 38 has been illustrated as defaulting to the high lift mode, i.e.high lift follower 76 is prevented from pivoting relative to intakerocker arm body 74, it should now be understood thatintake rocker arm 38 may be arranged to default to the low lift mode, i.e.high lift follower 76 is permitted to pivot relative to intakerocker arm body 74. Ifintake rocker arm 38 is arranged to default to the low lift mode, a spray hole may be provided in intakerocker arm body 74 as disclose in United States Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0078225 to Hendriksma in order to lubricatehigh lift follower 76. However,oil reflector 102 oroil reflector 102′ may still be used in order to provide supplemental lubricationhigh lift follower 76. For example, highlift intake lobe 68 ofintake camshaft 34 may mask a portion ofhigh lift follower 76 from the oil spray provided by the spray hole.Oil reflector 102 may aid in lubricating the portion ofhigh lift follower 76 that is masked by highlift intake lobe 68. Furthermore,intake rocker arm 38 may be a conventional rocker arm which provides only one magnitude of lift similar toexhaust rocker arm 40 described above. Ifintake rocker arm 38 is a conventional rocker arm with only one follower,oil reflector 102 oroil reflector 102′ may be used in order to provide lubrication to the follower. - While
oil reflector 102 andoil reflector 102′ have been illustrated as being mounted tocylinder head assembly 18 by securingoil reflector 102 andoil reflector 102′ to camshaftbearings 54, it should be understood that other mounting arrangements may be contemplated. For example only,oil reflector 102 andoil reflector 102′ may alternatively be secured tovalve cover 42. Consequently,valve cover 42 andoil reflector 102 oroil reflector 102′ may be provided as a complete assembly to quicken the assembly process ofinternal combustion engine 10. - While
high lift follower 76 has been illustrated as being a sliding interface with highlift intake lobe 68, it should now be understood thathigh lift follower 76 may alternatively be a rolling interface with highlift intake lobe 68. Similarly, whilelow lift followers 80 have been illustrated as being a rolling interface with lowlift intake lobes 70, it should now be understood thatlow lift followers 80 may alternatively be a sliding interface with lowlift intake lobes 70. Consequently,oil reflector 102 oroil reflector 102′ may also/alternatively be used to lubricate the interface betweenlow lift followers 80 and lowlift intake lobes 70. - While camshaft bearing 54 has been illustrated as the oil spray source for providing the spray of oil which is received and directed by
oil reflector 102 oroil reflector 102′, it should now be understood that other oil spray sources may be utilized. For example only, an adjacentexhaust rocker arm 40 may provide a spray of oil which is received and directed byoil reflector 102 oroil reflector 102′. - While this invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments thereof, it is not intended to be so limited, but rather only to the extent set forth in the claims that follow.
Claims (17)
1. A cylinder head assembly for an internal combustion engine having a piston reciprocatable within a cylinder, a crankshaft rotated by said piston, and a combustion chamber defined between said cylinder head assembly and said piston, said cylinder head assembly allowing air into said combustion chamber and allowing exhaust gases out of said combustion chamber, said cylinder head assembly comprising:
a cylinder head defining a port for selectively communicating said air to said combustion chamber or for selectively discharging said exhaust gases from said combustion chamber and also defining a valve seat between said port and said combustion chamber;
a combustion valve mounted in said cylinder head and selectively seated and unseated with said valve seat;
a camshaft mounted in said cylinder head, rotatable about a camshaft axis, and having a high lift lobe and a low lift lobe;
a rocker arm engaged with said combustion valve and having a high lift follower and a low lift follower, said rocker arm being switchable between 1) a high lift mode for receiving high lift valve opening and closing motion from said high lift lobe of said camshaft and 2) a low lift mode for receiving low lift opening and closing motion from said low lift lobe of said camshaft, whereby rotation of said camshaft about said camshaft axis causes said rocker arm to pivot, thereby seating and unseating said combustion valve with said valve seat in a cyclic pattern;
an oil spray source providing a spray of oil; and
an oil reflector configured to receive said spray of oil and direct said spray of oil to one of said high lift follower and said low lift follower to provide lubrication between said one of said high lift follower and said low lift follower and one of said high lift lobe and said low lift lobe.
2. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 1 further comprising a camshaft bearing defined by a first semicircular recess in said cylinder head and a second semicircular recess defined in a bearing cap, said bearing cap being fastened to said cylinder head and capturing said camshaft between said first semicircular recess and said second semicircular recess to define a journal bearing interface between said camshaft bearing and said camshaft; wherein said camshaft bearing is said oil spray source.
3. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 2 further comprising an oil gallery defined within said cylinder head and in fluid communication with said camshaft bearing to supply oil to lubricate said journal bearing interface, whereby said oil supplied to said camshaft bearing is discharged from said journal bearing interface to generate said spray of oil.
4. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 2 wherein said oil reflector comprises:
a mounting portion for securing said oil reflector to said cylinder head assembly; and
a directing portion extending from said mounting portion to receive and direct said spray of oil.
5. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 4 wherein said mounting portion and said bearing cap are secured to said cylinder head with a fastener such that said bearing cap is captured between said mounting portion and said cylinder head.
6. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 5 wherein said mounting portion is planar.
7. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 4 wherein said directing portion is has a concave side and a convex side such that said concave side receives and directs said spray of oil.
8. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 7 wherein said directing portion is dome-shaped.
9. A cylinder head assembly for an internal combustion engine having a piston reciprocatable within a cylinder, a crankshaft rotated by said piston, and a combustion chamber defined between said cylinder head assembly and said piston, said cylinder head assembly allowing air into said combustion chamber and allowing exhaust gases out of said combustion chamber, said cylinder head assembly comprising:
a cylinder head defining a port for selectively communicating said air to said combustion chamber or for selectively discharging said exhaust gases from said combustion chamber and also defining a valve seat between said port and said combustion chamber;
a combustion valve mounted in said cylinder head and selectively seated and unseated with said valve seat;
a camshaft mounted in said cylinder head, rotatable about a camshaft axis, and having a lobe;
a rocker arm engaged with said combustion valve and having a follower for following said lobe of said camshaft, whereby rotation of said camshaft about said camshaft axis causes said rocker arm to pivot thereby seating and unseating said combustion valve with said valve seat in a cyclic pattern;
an oil spray source providing a spray of oil; and
an oil reflector configured to receive said spray of oil and direct said spray of oil to said follower to provide lubrication between said follower and said lobe.
10. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 9 further comprising a camshaft bearing defined by a first semicircular recess in said cylinder head and a second semicircular recess defined in a bearing cap, said bearing cap being fastened to said cylinder head and capturing said camshaft between said first semicircular recess and said second semicircular recess to define a journal bearing interface between said camshaft bearing and said camshaft; wherein said camshaft bearing is said oil spray source.
11. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 10 further comprising an oil gallery defined within said cylinder head and in fluid communication with said camshaft bearing to supply oil to lubricate said journal bearing interface, whereby said oil supplied to said camshaft bearing is discharged from said journal bearing interface to generate said spray of oil.
12. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 10 wherein said oil reflector comprises:
a mounting portion for securing said oil reflector to said cylinder head assembly; and
a directing portion extending from said mounting portion to receive and direct said spray of oil.
13. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 12 wherein said mounting portion and said bearing cap are secured to said cylinder head with a fastener such that said bearing cap is captured between said mounting portion and said cylinder head.
14. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 13 wherein said mounting portion is planar.
15. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 12 wherein said directing portion is has a concave side and a convex side such that said concave side receives and directs said spray of oil.
16. The cylinder head assembly as in claim 15 wherein said directing portion is dome-shaped.
17. A cylinder head assembly having a cylinder head, a camshaft with a lobe mounted within a camshaft bearing, and a rocker arm with a follower for following said lobe, said camshaft and said camshaft bearing defining a journal bearing interface lubricated with pressurized oil from an oil gallery such that said oil is discharged from said journal bearing interface to form a spray of oil, said cylinder head comprising:
an oil reflector configured to receive said spray of oil and direct said spray of oil to said follower to provide lubrication between said follower and said lobe.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/016,304 US20150059678A1 (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2013-09-03 | Cylinder head assembly with oil reflector for lubrication of a rocker arm |
EP14182947.3A EP2843204A1 (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2014-08-29 | Cylinder head assembly with oil reflector for lubrication of a rocker arm |
KR20140115201A KR20150026986A (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2014-09-01 | Cylinder head assembly with oil reflector for lubrication of a rocker arm |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/016,304 US20150059678A1 (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2013-09-03 | Cylinder head assembly with oil reflector for lubrication of a rocker arm |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20150059678A1 true US20150059678A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
Family
ID=51492820
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/016,304 Abandoned US20150059678A1 (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2013-09-03 | Cylinder head assembly with oil reflector for lubrication of a rocker arm |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150059678A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2843204A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20150026986A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160160710A1 (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2016-06-09 | Borgwarner Inc. | Engine braking via advancing the exhaust valve |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2843204A1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
KR20150026986A (en) | 2015-03-11 |
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