US20150005598A1 - Patient monitoring systems with goal indicators - Google Patents
Patient monitoring systems with goal indicators Download PDFInfo
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- US20150005598A1 US20150005598A1 US14/490,282 US201414490282A US2015005598A1 US 20150005598 A1 US20150005598 A1 US 20150005598A1 US 201414490282 A US201414490282 A US 201414490282A US 2015005598 A1 US2015005598 A1 US 2015005598A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
- A61B5/7275—Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/0245—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate by using sensing means generating electric signals, i.e. ECG signals
- A61B5/02455—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate by using sensing means generating electric signals, i.e. ECG signals provided with high/low alarm devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
- A61B5/7282—Event detection, e.g. detecting unique waveforms indicative of a medical condition
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/742—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means using visual displays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/746—Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms
Abstract
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to patient monitors designed to display goal indicators showing progress toward achieving patient monitoring goals. The goal indicators may be displayed on a main monitoring screen of the patient monitors, allowing caretakers to easily evaluate how effective they have been in managing the patient's condition. According to certain embodiments, the goal indicators may display a numerical value indicating the percentage of time that a physiological parameter was within predetermined goal limits. The patient monitors further may include user interfaces that enable a clinician to adjust parameters of the goal indicators, such as the goal limits and/or the goal time frame.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/174,446, filed Jun. 30, 2011, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- The present disclosure relates generally to patient monitoring systems and, more particularly, to patient monitoring systems designed to display goal indicators depicting progress toward achieving patient monitoring goals.
- This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
- In the field of medicine, doctors often desire to monitor certain physiological characteristics of their patients. Accordingly, a wide variety of devices have been developed for monitoring many such characteristics of a patient. Such devices provide doctors and other healthcare personnel with the information they need to provide the best possible healthcare for their patients. As a result, such monitoring devices have become an indispensable part of modern medicine.
- Patient monitors include medical devices that facilitate measurement and observation of patient physiological data. For example, pulse oximeters are a type of patient monitor. A typical patient monitor cooperates with a sensor to detect and display a patient's vital signs (e.g., temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate) and/or other physiological measurements (e.g., water content of tissue, blood oxygen level) for observation by a user (e.g., clinician). For example, pulse oximeters are generally utilized with related sensors to detect and monitor a patient's functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (i.e., SpO2) and pulse rate. Other types of patient monitors, such as blood pressure monitors, may be utilized to detect and monitor other physiological parameters. Further, the patient monitors may be incorporated into other types of medical devices, such as mechanical ventilators and anesthesia machines, among others.
- A patient monitor may be designed to alert a caregiver when certain physiological conditions are recognized. For example, a pulse oximeter may produce a visual and/or audible alarm when a patient's oxygen saturation falls below a predetermined threshold. The predetermined alarm thresholds may be set by the patient monitor, and, in certain circumstances, may be customizable by a user. Further, in addition to alarm thresholds, a patient monitor may be designed to provide more complex alarm features. For example, a patient monitor may be designed to display trends showing historical alarm data. The trends may be designed to display predetermined ranges of data and may be accessed by navigating through menus and/or screens of the patient monitor, which may complicate access to the historical data.
- Advantages of the disclosed techniques may become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which:
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FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a patient monitor that may employ goal indicators that show progress toward achieving patient monitoring goals; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a patient monitoring system that includes the patient monitor ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the patient monitor ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a graph depicting a representative plot of a patient's oxygen saturation over time; -
FIG. 5 is a flowchart depicting an embodiment of a method for determining parameters for goal indicators; -
FIG. 6 is a representation of a screen displaying an embodiment of a goal indicator based on oxygen saturation levels; -
FIG. 7 is a representation of a screen displaying another embodiment of a goal indicator based on oxygen saturation levels; -
FIG. 8 is a representation of a screen displaying an embodiment of a goal indicator along with trend data; -
FIG. 9 is a representation of another embodiment of a screen displaying a goal indicator along with trend data; -
FIG. 10 is a representation of a screen for setting goal parameters and alarms related to goal indicators; and -
FIG. 11 is a representation of a screen displaying an embodiment of a goal indicator based on pulse rate. - One or more specific embodiments of the present techniques will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.
- The present disclosure relates to patient monitors designed to display goal indicators showing progress toward achieving patient monitoring goals. The goal indicators may be displayed on a main monitoring screen of the patient monitors, allowing caretakers to easily evaluate how effective they have been in managing the patient's condition. According to certain embodiments, the goal indicators may display a numerical value indicating the percentage of time that a physiological parameter, such as SpO2 or pulse rate, was within predetermined goal limits. For example, the patient monitors may calculate the percentage of time that the physiological parameter was within the goal limits over a time frame, such as a rolling 24-hour or 12-hour period, among others. The patient monitors further may include user interfaces that enable a clinician to adjust parameters of the goal indicators, such as the goal limits and/or the goal time frame. For example, in certain embodiments, the goal limits may be set to correspond to existing alarm limits or may be set tighter or looser than certain alarm limits.
- The goal indicators may be designed to provide immediate feedback to caretakers indicating how well a patient's physiological parameters have been maintained within a certain range, which may result in tighter control of patient physiological parameters, and therefore, improved patient outcomes. For example, the goal indicators may be employed to maintain a patient's SpO2 above a lower limit designed to avoid or to minimize insufficient oxygenation of the arterial blood, often referred to as hypoxemia, and/or below an upper limit designed to avoid or to minimize excessive oxygenation of the blood, often referred to as hyperoxemia. It may be particularly desirable to monitor for hyperoxemia, in addition to hypoxemia, in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) to prevent outcomes that are common in premature infants, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). It also may be beneficial to monitor for hyperoxemia, in addition to hypoxemia, in adult patients to inhibit the suppression of respiratory drive that can be caused by hyperoxemia. However, in other embodiments, the goal indicators may be employed to promote control of a physiological parameter above a lower limit or below an upper limit. For example, the goal indicators may be employed to maintain a patient's SpO2 above a lower limit to avoid or to minimize hypoxemia. Further, in yet other embodiments, the goal indicators may be employed to maintain other physiological parameters, such as pulse rate, within a certain range.
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FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of apatient monitor 10 that may display goal indicators showing a percentage of time that a physiological parameter was maintained within predetermined goal limits. For example, thepatient monitor 10 may be a pulse oximeter, such as those available from Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC of Boulder, Colo. As shown, thepatient monitor 10 is a pulse oximeter designed to detect and monitor blood oxygen saturation levels, pulse rate, and so forth. However, in other embodiments, the goal indicators may be employed in other types of patient monitors, such as vital signs monitors, critical care monitors, obstetrical care monitors, or blood pressure monitors, among others. Further, thepatient monitor 10 may be part of a therapeutic medical device, such as a mechanical ventilator or anesthesia machine, among others. - The
patient monitor 10 includes afront panel 12 coupled to abody 14 of thepatient monitor 10. Thefront panel 12 may include severalselectable inputs 16 that may be actuated by a caretaker to operate thepatient monitor 10. For example, theselectable inputs 16 may include buttons that may be pressed to change information shown on adisplay 18. In other embodiments, the size, shape, locations, and/or labels for theselectable inputs 16 may vary. For example, theselectable inputs 16 may be arranged on different parts of thepatient monitor 10 and/or located on an external device. In another example, some or all of theselectable inputs 16 may be graphical elements selected through a touch screen of the patient monitor 10 or through a touch screen of an external device. Further, some or all of theselectable inputs 16 may include different types of inputs, such as knobs, buttons, slide bars, joysticks, and/or wheels, among others. - In certain embodiments, the
display 18 may include a cathode ray tube or liquid crystal display. Moreover, thedisplay 18 may include an optional touch screen. In general, thedisplay 18 may show processed physiological data and/or other data received through amedical device interface 20, such as a cable connection port, from apatient sensor 22, or other suitable medical device, such as a therapy device. As shown, themedical device interface 20 includes a cable connection port. However, in other embodiments, themedical device interface 20 may any suitable type of interface for connecting to a medical device. For example, in certain embodiments, themedical device interface 20 may include a wireless interface. - According to certain embodiments, the
display 18 may be used to display anoxygen saturation 24 and/or apulse rate 26. Theoxygen saturation 24 may be a functional arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation measurement displayed as units of percentage SpO2. Thepulse rate 26 may indicate a patient's pulse rate in beats per minute. Thedisplay 18 also may be used to display ablip bar 28 that displays the relative pulse amplitude. Although thedisplay 18 is currently shown displaying a monitoring mode, which provides a monitoring overview that is easy to read from a distance, thedisplay 18 also may be used to show topic-specific screens related to the physiological data. For example, thedisplay 18 may be used to show a plethysmographic (“pleth”) waveform display that allows visual monitoring of the pleth waveform. Moreover, thedisplay 18 may be used to display user interface options, such as a setup and/or configuration screen for adjusting parameters such as alarm volume, display scales, alarm limits, and goal limits employed by the goal indicators, among others. - In addition to displaying physiological information, the patient monitor 10 also may display information related to alarms and monitor settings on the
display 18. For example, thedisplay 18 may display alarm limits 30 and 32 for theoxygen saturation 24 and thepulse rate 26, respectively. If analarm limit display 18 also may show anindicator 33 that describes the specific mode to which the alarm limits are set. For example, theindicator 33 is currently showing “NEO” to inform a caretaker that neonatal alarm limits are currently applied, rather than adult alarm limits. Thedisplay 18 also may displayindicators 34 and 36 that facilitate management of alarms and/or patient physiological parameters. For example, in some embodiments, the patient monitor 10 may employ SatSeconds™ by Nellcor™ to detect alarms and manage nuisance alarms. SatSeconds™ may include activation of an alarm based on limits that may include the integral of time and depth of a desaturation event and may include anindicator 34 that may serve to inform the caregiver that an SpO2 reading has been detected outside of the limit settings. - According to certain embodiments, the SatSeconds™ alarm management feature may analyze SpO2 excursions outside of the alarm limits 30 to differentiate between clinically significant desaturations and minor transient events. For example, SatSeconds™ may enable oxygen saturation alarms only when a SatSeconds™ value, represented by a combination of the magnitude and time of the oxygen saturation excursion, exceeds a certain threshold. In general, the SatSeconds™ value may be the product of the magnitude and duration of an oxygen desaturation event. Accordingly, shallow and/or short desaturation readings that may be measurement noise (e.g., that otherwise may trigger nuisance alarms) may not produce an alarm, allowing caregivers to put brief desaturation events into context with their depth and to put shallow desaturations into context with their duration. In summary, the SatSeconds™ alarm management feature may filter out nuisance alarms to produce a higher ratio of alarms when a clinically significant excursion occurs, as determined by the SatSeconds™ setting. Further, in certain embodiments, other types of alarm management features may be employed instead of, or in addition to, the SatSeconds™ alarm management feature. For example, as discussed further below with respect to
FIG. 6 , when themonitor 10 is operating in an adult monitoring mode, a Saturation Pattern Detection (“SPD”) alarm management feature may be employed to provide information related to the occurrence, frequency, and/or magnitude of patterns indicative of repetitive reductions in airflow. - The
display 18 also may display agoal indicator 36A, which indicates how well a patient's physiological parameters have been maintained within a certain goal range over a certain time frame. In particular, thegoal indicator 36A may include avalue 42 that represents the percentage of time that the oxygen saturation, as represented by SpO2 values, has been maintained within goal limits 40. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , thevalue 42 indicates that the arterial oxygen saturation has been maintained between 88 and 95% SpO2 for 97% of the time. As shown, the goal limits 40 include both an upper limit designed to abate hyperoxemia and a lower limit designed to abate hypoxemia. However, in other embodiments, the goal limits 40 may include only an upper limit or a lower limit. For example, as discussed further below with respect toFIG. 7 , alower limit 40 may be employed to ensure that a patient's oxygen saturation stays above a certain value to inhibit hypoxemia. Thevalue 42 may be displayed within a graphic, such as the “goal posts” shown inFIG. 1 , that allows a caretaker to easily distinguish thevalue 42, which is shown as a percentage, from theoxygen saturation 24, which also is shown as a percentage. Further, in other embodiments, thevalue 42 may be shown in a different color or font, and/or may be shown in a different location of thedisplay 18, instead of, or in addition to being shown within a graphic. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , the goal limits 40 correspond to the SpO2 alarm limits 30. Accordingly, in this embodiment, thegoal indicator 36A also represents the percentage of time that the oxygen saturation has been maintained within the alarm limits 30. - However, in other embodiments, the goal limits 40 may not correspond to the alarm limits 30. For example, in certain embodiments, the goal limits 40 may be set tighter than the alarm limits 30 to maintain the oxygen saturation within a tighter range than the alarm limits, which in turn, may reduce the number of alarms. Moreover, as discussed further below with respect to
FIG. 10 , the patient monitor 10 may include a user interface that allows a user to adjust the goal limits 40. - The
goal indicator 36A also may include agoal threshold 43 that indicates the minimum percentage of time that the physiological parameter should be maintained within the goal limits 40. According to certain embodiments, thegoal threshold 43 may be adjustable by a user through a user interface of thepatient monitor 10. As shown inFIG. 1 , thegoal threshold 43 is displayed as part of thegoal indicator 36A. However, in other embodiments, thegoal threshold 43 may not be shown on thedisplay 18, although thegoal threshold 43 may be stored within thepatient monitor 10. The patient monitor 10 may be designed to produce visible and/or audible alarms based on thegoal threshold 43. For example, when thevalue 42 is below thegoal threshold 43, a visual indicator may be provided, e.g., thegoal indicator 36A may flash or change color. In another example, the patient monitor 10 may emit an audible alarm when thevalue 42 is below thegoal threshold 43. The goal based alarm conditions may be separate from and independent of the alarm conditions associated with the alarm limits 30. For example, one sound may be emitted when an alarm is triggered based on the alarm limits 30 and another sound may be emitted when an alarm is triggered based on thegoal threshold 43. - The
goal indicator 36A also may include anexcursion indicator 45 that indicates whether the majority of out of goal conditions have been above or below the goal limits 40. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , theexcursion indicator 45 includes a down arrow, which indicates that most of the excursions have been below thelower goal limit 40. In another example, an up arrow may be displayed if most of the excursions have been above theupper goal limit 40. According to certain embodiments, a caretaker may employ theexcursion indicator 45 in determining how to modify the patient's care to maintain the physiological parameter within the goal limits. For example, a caretaker may take one corrective action when theexcursion indicator 45 shows that the excursions have been above the upper goal limit and may take another corrective action when the excursion indicator shows that the excursions have been below the lower goal limit. Further, in other embodiments, other types of graphics, symbols, and/or alarms may be employed to indicate the type of excursions. For example, thevalue 42 may be shown in a different color or a different alarm may sound depending on whether most of the excursions have been above or below the goal limits 40. - In general, the
selectable inputs 16 may be used to control operating functions of thepatient monitor 10. For example, when an alarm is triggered, one of theselectable inputs 16, such as analarm silence button 44, may be actuated to silence the alarm and display an alarm silence indicator (not shown), such as a slash and a timer, on thedisplay 18. Theselectable inputs 16 also may include other fixed function keys, such asarrow keys 48, acontrast selection key 50, and apower key 52. For example, thearrow keys 48 may be actuated to adjust alarm limits, to adjust goal limits, to set the goal threshold, and/or to vary the physiological information shown on thedisplay 18. In another example, thecontrast selection key 50 may be actuated to adjust the contrast of thedisplay 18. Further, the fixed function keys may be programmed to control multiple functions or to operate in different manners based upon various factors, such as the duration the key is pressed, the simultaneous activation of other keys, and so forth. For example, anarrow key 48 may be configured to scroll upwards or downwards more rapidly based upon how long the respective key is held down. - The
monitor 10 also may include programmable function keys (“soft keys”) 54, and associated soft key icons in the softkey menu 56. Each of the foursoft keys soft key 54A may be pressed to display “LIMITS” information, while the soft key 54B may be pressed to display “TREND” information. In certain embodiments, thesoft keys 54 may be programmed to display operating information such as alarm limits, historic trends, setup menus, and alarm volume settings, among others. Moreover, a caregiver may actuate thesoft keys 54 to display various operating menus, and then may use thearrow keys 48 to adjust operating parameters. Further, in certain embodiments, a caregiver may navigate through the user interface of the patient monitor 10 using thesoft keys 54 and the fixed function keys (e.g., 44 and 48) to adjust alarm limit settings. For example, a caretaker may select the soft key 54A to access a screen for setting goal limits and the goal threshold, as described below with respect toFIG. 10 . - In addition to the
selectable inputs 16, thefront panel 12 may include various indicators 58 (e.g., indicator lights) that facilitate operation of themonitor 10. For example, theindicators 58 may include an A/C power indicator, a low battery indicator, an alarm silence indicator, a mode indicator, and so forth. Thefront panel 12 also includes aspeaker 60 for emitting audible indications (e.g., alarms). For example, thespeaker 60 may be employed to emit alarms based on the alarm limits 30 and/or thegoal threshold 43. In other embodiments, theindicators 58 and/or thespeaker 60 may be located on other locations of the patient monitor 10 or on an external device. -
FIG. 2 depicts amonitoring system 62 that may employ thepatient monitor 10. Themonitoring system 62 includes acentral station 64 that may be connected to one or more patient monitors 10 by a hardwired or wireless communication link. According to certain embodiments, thecentral station 64 may be a Nellcor Oxinet® III Central Station, available from Nellcor™. Thecentral station 64 may include adisplay 66 that displays physiological data from the connected patient monitors 10. For example, in certain embodiments, thecentral station 64 may display thegoal indicator 36A. Thecentral station 64 may allow a caretaker to monitor the physiological data from several patients in a single location. Further, thecentral station 64 may produce corresponding alarms when apatient monitor 10 alarms. Themonitoring system 62 also may include one ormore pagers 68 that individual caretakers may carry with them to receive alarms from thecentral station 64. - The
central station 64 may include one or more input devices, such as atouch screen 70, that allow a user to control operations of themonitoring system 62. In other embodiments, the input devices may vary. For example, the input devices may include a keyboard, remote control, or mouse, among others. Through theinput devices 70, a user may adjust alarm settings and goal settings for the connected patient monitors 10. A user also may manipulate theinput devices 70 to change other setup options for the patient monitors 10 and to view information about the physiological data. For example, a user may manipulate thetouch screen 70 to view trend data, alarm limits, goal limits, the goal threshold, or current settings for apatient monitor 10 that is part of themonitoring system 62. - Turning to
FIG. 3 , a simplified block diagram of a portion of the patient monitor 10 is illustrated, in accordance with certain embodiments. Specifically, certain components of thesensor 22 and themonitor 10 are illustrated inFIG. 3 . Thesensor 22 includes anemitter 72, adetector 74, and an encoder 76. Theemitter 72 includes twolight sources patient 82. As shown inFIG. 3 , thelight source 78 represents a red LED designed to emit red light at a wavelength between about 600 nanometers (nm) and about 700 nm, and thelight source 80 represents an infrared (IR) LED designed to emit IR light at a wavelength between about 800 nm and about 1000 nm. However, in other embodiments, thelight sources - Although two light sources are shown in
FIG. 3 , in other embodiments, any number of one or more light sources can be included in theemitter 72. For example, in certain embodiments, theemitter 72 may include three light sources: a red light source designed to emit light red light at a wavelength between about 620 nm and about 700 nm, a far red light source designed to emit far red light at a wavelength between about 690 nm and about 770 nm, and an infrared light source designed to emit infrared light at a wavelength between about 860 nm and 940 nm. In these embodiments, different combinations of light sources may be used to measure physiological parameters depending on the current arterial oxygen saturation value. For example, when blood perfused tissue has a high arterial oxygen saturation value (e.g., greater than 84%), the SpO2 value may be more accurately calculated by employing the red light source and the infrared light source. On the other hand, when blood perfused tissue has a low arterial oxygen saturation value (e.g., less than 75%), the SpO2 value may be more accurately calculated by employing the far red light source and the infrared light source. When the blood perfused tissue has an intermediate arterial oxygen saturation value (e.g., between 75% and 84%), measurements may be taken using the red and infrared light sources, the near red and infrared light sources, or a combination of the red, near red, and infrared light sources (e.g., readings from the light sources may be averaged and/or weighted). In these embodiments, the light sources that are used may be selected based on a previously measured arterial oxygen saturation value. - It should be understood that, as used herein, the term “light” may refer to one or more of ultrasound, radio, microwave, millimeter wave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, gamma ray or X-ray electromagnetic radiation, and may also include any wavelength within the radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray spectra, and that any suitable wavelength of light may be appropriate for use with the present disclosure. In operation, light enters the
detector 74 after passing through the tissue of thepatient 82. Thedetector 74 may convert the light at a given intensity, which may be directly related to the absorbance and/or reflectance of light in the tissue of thepatient 82, into an electrical signal. That is, when more light at a certain wavelength is absorbed or reflected, less light of that wavelength is typically received from the tissue by thedetector 74. For example, thedetector 74 may include one or more photodiodes, or any other element capable of converting light into either a current or voltage. After converting the received light to an electrical signal, thedetector 74 may send the signal to themonitor 10, where physiological characteristics may be calculated based at least in part on the absorption of light in the tissue of thepatient 82. - The
sensor 12 also includes the encoder 76, which contains information about thesensor 12, such as the sensor type (e.g., whether the sensor is intended for placement on a forehead, digit, or other body part) and the wavelengths of light emitted by thelight sources monitor 10 to select appropriate algorithms and/or calibration coefficients for calculating the physiological characteristics of thepatient 82. According to certain embodiments, the encoder 76 may include a memory on which one or more of the following information may be stored for communication to the monitor 14: the type of thesensor 22; the wavelengths of light emitted by thelight sources patient 82. - The
sensor 12 further may include amemory 84, such as an EEPROM, flash memory, or other suitable optical, magnetic, or solid-state computer readable media, that stores data related to thegoal indicator 36A. For example, thememory 84 may store data representing the goal limits 40, thegoal threshold 43 and/or the duration of the goal time frame, as well as data indicating the excursions that have occurred within the time frame. According to certain embodiments, storage of goal indicator data within thesensor 22 may enable the data to be retrieved and downloaded todifferent monitors 10 connected to thesensor 22. For example, when thepatient 82 is moved between rooms, the goal indicator data may be stored on thememory 84 and may be downloaded to the patient monitor 10 in the new room upon connection of thesensor 22 to the new patient monitor 10. As shown inFIG. 2 , thememory 84 is separate from the encoder 76. However, in other embodiments, thememory 84 may be integrated with the encoder 76. Further, in yet other embodiments, thememory 84 may be omitted and the goal indicator data may not be stored on thesensor 22. - Signals from the encoder 76 can be transmitted to a detector/
decoder 86 in themonitor 10 where the data and signals can be decoded. The detector/decoder 86 may decode the signals from the encoder 76 and may provide the decoded information to aprocessor 88. According to certain embodiments, the decoded information may represent the type of thesensor 22 and the wavelengths of light emitted by thelight sources processor 88 may then use the decoded information to determine the proper method for calculating the patient's physiological characteristics. For example, the processor may use the decoded information in conjunction with algorithms or look-up tables to identify the proper calibration coefficients and/or algorithms to be used for calculating the patient's physiological characteristics. - Signals from the
detector 74 also may be transmitted to themonitor 10 where the signals can be used to calculate the patient's physiological characteristics. Themonitor 10 generally includes the one ormore processors 88 connected to aninternal bus 90. Thebus 90 is also connected to theinput components 16 and thedisplay 18, as well as a read-only memory (ROM) 56, a random access memory (RAM) 58, and a nonvolatile storage 96 (such as a magnetic or solid state hard drive or memory, optical disk, or any other suitable optical, magnetic, or solid-state computer readable media) that stores longer-term data. - A time processing unit (TPU) 98 may provide timing control signals to a
light drive circuitry 100, which controls when theemitter 72 is illuminated and the multiplexed timing for thelight sources TPU 98 also may control the gating-in of signals fromdetector 74 through aswitching circuit 102. These signals may be sampled at the proper time, depending upon whichlight source detector 74 may be passed through anamplifier 104, alow pass filter 106, and an analog-to-digital converter 108 for amplifying, filtering, and digitizing the electrical signals the from thesensor 22. The digital data may then be stored in a queued serial module (QSM) 110 for later downloading to theRAM 94 as theQSM 110 fills up. In certain embodiments, there may be multiple separate parallel paths having theamplifier 104, thefilter 106, and the A/D converter 108 for multiple light wavelengths or spectra received. - The
processor 88 may use the digital data, as well as other signals from thedetector 74 to calculate and/or determine physiological characteristics, such as oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and total hemoglobin, among others. For example, theprocessor 88 may use various encoded instructions, algorithms, and/or lookup tables that may be stored in theROM 92, as well as in thenonvolatile storage 96, to calculate the physiological characteristics based at least in part upon the signals that correspond to the light received by thedetector 74. According to certain embodiments, code encoding executable algorithms may be stored in theROM 92 or thenonvolatile storage 96 and accessed and operated according to processor instructions. The calculated physiological characteristic may then be displayed on thedisplay 18 for a caregiver to monitor or review. Theprocessor 88 also may access and execute coded instructions for determining thegoal value 42 and for displaying thegoal indicator 36A. According to certain embodiments, one or more algorithms and/or lookup tables may be stored in theROM 92 or thenonvolatile storage 96 and employed by theprocessor 88 to calculate thegoal value 42 and to determine whether alarm conditions related to thegoal value 42 have occurred. -
FIG. 4 is agraph 112 depicting a representative waveform 114 showing a patient's SpO2 readings, plotted on the y-axis 116, over time, plotted on thex-axis 118. According to certain embodiments, the representative waveform 114 may be employed to calculate thevalue 42 that is displayed as part of thegoal indicator 36A to indicate the percentage of time that oxygen saturation was within the goal limits 40 over agoal time frame 136. According to certain embodiments, thegoal time frame 136 may be a rolling period, such as a 24-hour or 12-hour rolling period, among others. However, in other embodiments, thegoal time frame 136 may be a set period, such as a 12-hour or 24-hour period starting at a specific time of day. Further, in certain embodiments, the length of thegoal time frame 136 may be adjusted by a user through a user interface of thepatient monitor 10. - The waveform 114 includes three
desaturation events lower goal limit 40. Further, the waveform 114 includes oneoversaturation event 126 where the oxygen saturation was above theupper goal limit 40. Each of theevents corresponding time period respective event time periods events goal time frame 136 to determine the total time that the oxygen saturation was within the goal limits 40. Finally, the total time that the oxygen saturation was within the goal limits 40 can be divided by thegoal time frame 136 to determine thevalue 42, which indicates the percentage of time that the oxygen saturation was within the goal limits 40. -
FIG. 5 depicts an embodiment of amethod 138 for determining parameters for the goal indicator. Themethod 128 may begin by determining (block 140) the goal limits. For example, theprocessor 88 may retrieve the goal limits from theROM 92 or from thenonvolatile storage 96. Further, in certain embodiments, the goal limits may be retrieved from thememory 84 included in thesensor 22. As noted above with respect toFIG. 1 , the goal limits may be input through a user interface of the patient monitor 10 for storage within theROM 92, thenonvolatile storage 96, and/or thememory 84. Further, in certain embodiments, default goal limits may be programmed into theROM 92, thenonvolatile storage 96, and/or thememory 84 by the manufacturer. Theprocessor 88 also may determine (block 142) the goal time frame. For example, theprocessor 88 may retrieve the goal time frame from theROM 92, thenonvolatile storage 96, and/or thememory 84. The goal time frame also may be input through a user interface of the patient monitor 10 for storage within theROM 92, thenonvolatile storage 96, and/or thememory 84. Further, in certain embodiments, a default goal time frame may be programmed into theROM 92, thenonvolatile storage 96, and/or thememory 84 by the manufacturer. - The
processor 88 may then identify (block 144) excursion events where the physiological parameter is outside of the goal limits. In general, theprocessor 88 may execute encoded instructions to evaluate the physiological data obtained within the goal time frame to identify events where the data is above and/or below the goal limits. For example, as shown inFIG. 4 , theprocessor 88 may employ one or more algorithms and/or lookup tables stored in theROM 92 or thenonvolatile storage 96 to compare the SpO2 data to the goal limits 40 and identify theevents processor 88 also may determine the length of each excursion event and may determine whether each excursion event is above or below the goal limits. - After identifying (block 144) the excursion events, the
processor 88 may calculate (block 146) the percentage of time that the physiological parameter was within the goal limits. For example, theprocessor 88 may subtract the total duration of the excursion events from the goal time frame to determine the total amount of time that the physiological parameter was within the goal limits. Theprocessor 88 may then divide the total amount of time within goal by the goal time frame to determine the percentage of time that the parameter was within the goal limits. According to certain embodiments, theprocessor 80 may execute encoded instructions stored within theROM 92 or thenonvolatile storage 96 to calculate the percentage of time that the physiological parameter was within the goal limits. - The patient monitor 10 may then display (block 148) the percentage on the
display 18. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , thevalue 42 may be shown within thegoal indicator 36A to indicate the percentage of time that the physiological parameter was within the goal limits. The patient monitor 10 also may update other aspects of thegoal indicator 36A. For example, theprocessor 88 may determine whether the majority of excursion events were above the goal limits or below the goal limits. For example, theprocessor 88 may employ one or more algorithms or lookup tables to determine whether the number of excursion events that are above the goal limits is greater than the number of excursion events that are below the goal limits. In another example, theprocessor 88 may determine whether the total time of the excursion events that are above the goal limits is greater than the total time of the excursion events that are below the goal limits. If the majority of excursion events were above the goal limits, the patient monitor may display one type of indicator, such as an up arrow. On the other hand, if the majority of excursion events were below the goal limits, the patient monitor may display another type of indicator, such as a down arrow. In another example, the patient monitor 10 may change the color of thevalue 42 based on whether the majority of excursion events were above the goal limits or below the goal limits. - The
processor 88 also may determine (block 150) whether any alarms should be produced based on the percentage indicated by thevalue 42. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , theprocessor 88 may compare thevalue 42 to thegoal threshold 43, which may be stored in theROM 92, thenonvolatile storage 96, and/or within thememory 84. If thevalue 42 is below thegoal threshold 43, theprocessor 88 may instruct themonitor 10 to produce an alarm. For example, themonitor 10 may flash thevalue 42 or may change the color of thevalue 42. In another example, themonitor 10 may change the color of a graphic, such as goal posts, included within the goal indicator. In yet another example, themonitor 10 may emit an audible alarm through thespeaker 60. Further, in yet other embodiments, themonitor 10 may transmit an alarm message to thepager 68 and/or to thecentral station 64. - After determining (block 150) whether alarms should be produced, the
processor 88 may again identify (block 144) excursion events. For example, theprocessor 88 may evaluate the physiological data that has been received since the last update to the goal indicator to determine whether there are new excursion events. Themethod 138 may be repeated continuously or at set intervals to update the display of the goal indicator as new physiological data is received. -
FIGS. 6 and 7 depict alternate embodiments ofgoal indicators 36B and 36C that may be shown on thedisplay 18. As shown inFIG. 6 , thegoal indicator 36B includes thevalue 42, which is shown within a football field graphic. The goal limits 40 are displayed along the bottom of the graphic. In this embodiment, the lower goal limit is displayed along with a dash indicating that there is no upper goal limit. However, in other embodiments, both upper and lower goal limits may be displayed below the bar graph. Further, in other embodiments, the graphics and/or the relative positions of thevalues 42 andgoal limits 40 may vary. For example, in certain embodiments, the graphic may include the goal posts shown inFIG. 1 , or another graphic such as, a bar graph, pie chart, or scoreboard, among others. Further, in certain embodiments, thegoal indicators 36B and 36C may includeexcursion indicators 45 and/or may display thegoal threshold 43. -
FIG. 7 depicts an embodiment of a goal indicator 36C that includes a bar graph with threeregions region region 151 may be filled when the oxygen saturation has been within the goal limits 40 for 0 to 50% of the time;region 152 may be filled when the oxygen saturation has been within the goal limits 40 for 51 to 79% of the time; andregion 153 may be filled when the oxygen saturation has been within the goal limits 40 for 80 to 100% of the time. However, in other embodiments, the percentages corresponding to theregions upper regions lower regions 152 and/or 151 also may be filled. For example, as shown inFIG. 7 , theregions - According to certain embodiments, the region fill color and/or pattern also may change depending on which
regions region 151 may be filled with a red color. When the oxygen saturation has been within the goal limits 40 for 51 to 79% of the time, theregions regions FIG. 7 , thevalue 42, which indicates the percentage of time that the physiological parameter is within the goal limits 40, is not shown on the indicator 36C. However, in other embodiments, thevalue 42 may be displayed adjacent to or within the bar graph. Further, as shown inFIG. 7 , the goal limits 40 are displayed below the bar graph. However, in other embodiments, the goal limits 40 may not be shown on the indicator 36C. Moreover, in other embodiments, the bar graph may be replaced by another type of graphic, such as a pie chart, among others. - As shown in
FIGS. 6 and 7 , the goal indicators also may be displayed in conjunction with other types of indicators, such as theSatSeconds™ indicator 34 and theblip bar 28. Further, in certain embodiments, the goal indicators may be displayed in conjunction with a Saturation Pattern Detection (“SPD”)indicator 154 that facilitates alarm management. In these embodiments, the patient monitor 10 also may employ an OxiMax SPD™ alert by Nellcor™ to detect patterns of desaturation that are indicative of repetitive reductions in airflow. For example, the OxiMax SPD™ alarm management feature may analyze oxygen saturation trend data to determine if ventilatory instability is present. The Saturation Pattern Detection (“SPD”)indicator 154 may provide information to a user related to the occurrence, frequency, and/or magnitude of the patterns detected. As patterns are detected, an index value may increase until the alarm threshold is reached, resulting in an alarm. For example, the index value may be a scoring index, such as a Saturation Pattern Detection index (SPDi), which may represent the magnitude and variability of ventilator variations detected by patterns in the oxygen saturation values. In certain embodiments, the SPDi may be calculated using features such as the magnitude of the SpO2 pattern, the variability in the SpO2 peaks, and the variability in the nadir. In these embodiments, theSPD indicator 154 may gradually fill as the SPDi index increases. When theSPD indicator 154 is full, the tolerance setting may have been reached or exceeded, and the patient monitor 10 may produce an alarm. Moreover, in certain embodiments, an intermediate alarm may be triggered, for example, when theindicator 154 reaches a certain fill level, such as 10%, 25%, or 50%. The SPD alarms may be separate from and independent of the alarms for the goal indicators. -
FIG. 8 depicts arepresentative screen 160 of the patient monitor 10 that may include thegoal indicator 36A. Similar to the screen shown inFIG. 1 , thescreen 160 includes theoxygen saturation 24, thepulse rate 26, and the alarm limits 30 and 32. Thescreen 160 also includes thegoal indicator 36A, which shows thevalue 42 that indicates the percentage of time that oxygen saturation was within the goal limits 40. As shown inFIG. 8 , the value is currently 85%, which is below the goal threshold of 90%, in this embodiment. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the patient monitor 10 may emit a visual and/or audible alarm. Thegoal indicator 36A also includes theexcursion indicator 45, which is shown here as an up arrow, indicating that the majority of the excursion events have been above the upper goal limit. - The
screen 160 further includes awaveform 162 that represents a patient's SpO2 values over time. According to certain embodiments, thewaveform 162 may be a real-time trend of the patient's SpO2 values. Alabel 164 may be displayed near thewaveform 162 to identify the time frame for the trend, shown here as a rolling 24-hour period. According to certain embodiments, the time frame shown by thelabel 164 also may correspond to the goal time frame used by the patient monitor 10 to calculate thevalue 42 for thegoal indicator 36A. In these embodiments, thewaveform 162 may provide a real-time trend view of the data used by the patient monitor 10 to calculate thevalue 42. Anotherlabel 166 also may be displayed near thewaveform 162 to identify the physiological parameter that is shown by the trend. - Sections 172 are demarcated on the
waveform 162 to indicate excursion events. As shown by the sections 172, the majority of the excursion events have been above theupper goal limit 40, and accordingly theexcursion indicator 45 shows an up arrow. Further, in certain embodiments, the sections 172 may have different colors or fill patterns depending on whether the sections 172 identify excursions that are above or below the goal limits. For example, in certain embodiments, the sections 172 a and 172 c, which identify excursions that are above the upper goal limit, may be one color while the section 172 b, which identifies an excursion that is below the lower goal limit, may be another color. - While
FIG. 8 depicts ascreen 160 depicting a real-time trend representing a patient's SpO2 values for the most recent time period,FIG. 9 depicts ascreen 176 that shows a historical trend that represents a patient's SpO2 values for a previous time period. For example, thescreen 176 may be used to show a trend of the patient's SpO2 values for the previous day. As shown inFIG. 9 , the goal indicators may be employed to display the percentage of time that a physiological parameter was within predetermined goal limits for a selected previous period of time. Thescreen 176 includes awaveform 178 that represents a historical trend of a patient's SpO2 values over time. According to certain embodiments, the trend may be accessed by selecting the “TREND” soft key MB from the screen shown inFIG. 1 . Alabel 164 may be displayed near thewaveform 162 to identify the time frame for the trend, which also may correspond to the goal time frame used to calculate thevalue 42. Anotherlabel 182 also may be displayed near thewaveform 178 to identify the physiological parameter that is shown by the trend. - The
screen 176 includes thegoal indicator 36A, which shows thevalue 42 that indicates the percentage of time that the oxygen saturation was within the goal limits 40 over the trend period. Thevalue 42 may be calculated as described above with respect to blocks 140-148 ofFIG. 5 , with the trend period being used as the goal time frame. Further, in certain embodiments, thescreen 176 also includescursors soft keys 54 and thearrow keys 48 shown inFIG. 1 , may be employed to move thecursors cursors processor 88 may determine the time frame corresponding to the updated trend, for example, using one or more algorithms or lookup tables stored within theROM 92 or thenonvolatile storage 60. Thelabel 180 may be updated to display the new time frame, and the new time frame also may be employed by theprocessor 88 to calculate thevalue 42 shown in thegraphical indicator 36A. Accordingly, as thecursors FIG. 5 ) may be performed to display an updatedvalue 42 that shows the percentage of time that the physiological parameters were within the goal limits for the time frame corresponding to the trend. -
FIG. 10 depicts ascreen 188 of the patient monitor that may be employed to adjust parameters of the goal indicator. According to certain embodiments, a user may navigate to thescreen 188 by selecting the “LIMITS” soft key 54A from the screen shown inFIG. 1 . Thescreen 188 includes alabel 190 that identifies the type of limits (e.g., neonatal or adult) shown on thescreen 188. Thescreen 188 also includescolumn headers 192 that specify the parameter (e.g., SpO2 alarm limits, pulse rate alarm limits, goal limits, and goal alarm levels) androw headers 194 that specify the type of limit (e.g., upper limit or lower limit). Thecurrent settings 196 are shown on thescreen 188 in the corresponding row andcolumn headings screen 188, the current goal limits are 88% and 95%, while the goal threshold is set to 90%. Thescreen 188 also includessettings value 42 that shows the percentage of time that the physiological parameters were within the goal limits. - The
settings patient monitor 10, for example, using thesoft keys 54 and thearrow keys 48. Further, in other embodiments, thescreen 188 may be shown on thecentral station 64, and input devices for the central station, such as thetouch screen 70, may be employed to adjust thesettings 196. Theprocessor 88 may then store the adjustedsettings ROM 92, thenonvolatile storage 96, and/or thememory 84 for use during operation of themonitor 10. -
FIG. 11 depicts another embodiment of a goal indicator 36D that may be shown on thedisplay 18. The goal indicator 36D is generally similar to thegoal indicators FIGS. 1 to 10 , and includes thevalue 42, and the goal limits 40. However, rather than being based on the physiological parameter of oxygen saturation, the goal indicator 36D is based on the physiological parameter of pulse rate. The goal indicator 36D includes anindicator 204, shown here as a heart graphic, that identifies pulse rate as the physiological parameter. However, in other embodiments, other types of indicators, labels, and/or graphics may be included in the goal indicator to identify the corresponding physiological parameter. Further, in certain embodiments, the goal indicator 36D may include anexcursion indicator 45 and/or may display thegoal threshold 43. - As may be appreciated, the goal indicators described herein with respect to
FIGS. 1 to 11 may be employed for any suitable type of physiological parameter, such as oxygen saturation, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, or vital capacity, among others. Further, any combination of the indicators, trends, labels, alarms, and the like may be employed. Moreover, the relative sizes, shapes, geometries, layouts, and locations of the goal indicators may vary. For example, in certain embodiments, the graphical indicators may include other types of graphics such as pie charts or scoreboards, among others.
Claims (20)
1. A patient monitor, comprising:
a medical device interface suitable for operable connection to a sensor;
a display configured to display patient physiological data based on input received from the sensor and configured to display a goal indicator indicative of a percentage of time that the physiological data was within predetermined goal limits during a goal time frame; and
a processor configured to analyze the patient physiological data to determine the percentage of time that the patient physiological data was within the predetermined goal limits over the goal time frame, to compare the percentage of time to a goal threshold for a minimum percentage of time that the physiological data was within the predetermined goal limits during the goal time frame, to trigger a goal alarm based on the comparison if the percentage of time is below the goal threshold, and to cause the display to display the patient physiological data and the goal indicator.
2. The patient monitor of claim 1 , wherein the patient physiological data comprises SpO2 data or pulse rate data.
3. The patient monitor of claim 1 , wherein the goal indicator comprises a graphical symbol representing which physiological parameter is analyzed over the goal time frame.
4. The patient monitor of claim 3 , wherein the physiological parameter comprises a pulse rate, and wherein the graphical symbol comprises a heart symbol.
5. The patient monitor of claim 1 , wherein the goal indicator comprises a fill level representing the percentage of time that the physiological data was within the predetermined goal limits.
6. The patient monitor of claim 1 , wherein the goal indicator comprises a numerical value that indicates the percentage of time that the physiological data was within the predetermined goal limits during the goal time frame.
7. The patient monitor of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to analyze the patient physiological data to identify excursion events where the patient physiological data is outside of the predetermined goal limits and to determine the percentage of time that the physiological data was within predetermined goal limits during the goal time frame based at least in part upon a summation of a duration for each identified excursion event.
8. The patient monitor of claim 7 , wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the majority of the excursion events are above or below the predetermined goal limits, and wherein the goal indicator comprises a non-numerical graphical indicator that indicates whether the majority of the excursion events during the goal time frame were above or below the predetermined goal limits.
9. A patient monitor, comprising:
a medical device interface suitable for operable connection to a sensor;
a display configured to display a physiological parameter based on input received from the sensor and configured to display a goal indicator indicative of a percentage of time that the physiological parameter was within predetermined goal limits during a goal time frame, wherein the goal indicator comprises a bar graph comprising:
a first region corresponding to percentages of time between a first percentage and a second percentage;
a second region corresponding to percentages of time between the second percentage and a third percentage; and
a third region corresponding to percentages of time between the third percentage and a fourth percentage; and
a processor configured to:
analyze the physiological parameter to determine the percentage of time that the physiological parameter was within the predetermined goal limits during the goal time frame;
cause the display to display the physiological parameter and the goal indicator;
determine whether the percentage of time corresponds to the first region, the second region, or the third region; and
cause the display to fill at least one of the first region, the second region, or the third region based the determination.
10. The patient monitor of claim 9 , wherein the processor is configured to cause the display to fill the first region with a first color based on a determination that the percentage of time corresponds to the first region.
11. The patient monitor of claim 10 , wherein the processor is configured to cause the display to fill the first region and the second region with a second color based on a determination that the percentage of time corresponds to the second region.
12. The patient monitor of claim 9 , wherein the second percentage is greater than the first percentage, the third percentage is greater than the second percentage, and the fourth percentage is greater than the third percentage.
13. The patient monitor of claim 9 , wherein the physiological parameter comprises oxygen saturation.
14. The patient monitor of claim 9 , wherein the predetermined goal limits comprise an upper limit, or a lower limit, or a combination thereof.
15. The patient monitor of claim 9 , wherein the processor is configured to compare the percentage of time to a goal threshold for a minimum percentage of time that the physiological parameter was within the predetermined goal limits during the goal time frame and to trigger a goal alarm based on the comparison if the percentage of time is below the goal threshold.
16. A method, comprising:
determining, via a patient monitor, a physiological parameter based on data received from a physiological sensor;
comparing, via the patient monitor, the physiological parameter to one or more goal limits to identify excursion events where the physiological parameter is outside of the one or more goal limits;
calculating, via the patient monitor, based on the excursion events and a goal time frame, a percentage of time that the physiological parameter was within the goal limits;
providing, via the patient monitor, a goal alarm indication based at least in part on a determination that the percentage of time that the physiological parameter was within the goal limits over the goal time frame is less than a goal threshold; and
displaying the percentage of time on a patient monitor.
17. The method of claim 16 , comprising:
comparing, via the patient monitor, the physiological parameter to one or more alarm limits; and
providing, via the patient monitor, an alarm indication based at least in part on a determination that the physiological parameter violates at least one of the one or more alarm limits;
wherein the goal alarm indication is provided independently of the alarm indication.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the one or more goal limits comprise a lower goal limit and an upper goal limit and the one or more alarm limits comprise a lower alarm limit and an upper alarm limit, and wherein the lower goal limit is greater than the lower alarm limit and the upper goal limit is less than the upper alarm limit.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein comparing the physiological parameter to one or more goal limits comprises determining whether the physiological parameter is greater than an upper goal limit and determining whether the physiological parameter is less than a lower goal limit.
20. The method of claim 16 , comprising displaying a graphical indicator indicative of the percentage of time on the patient monitor.
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Also Published As
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AU2012275246B2 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
AU2012275246A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
US8852115B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 |
CA2840456A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
WO2013003693A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
US20130006129A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
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