US2014560A - Calculating machine - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 17,r 1935. B. DYsART 2,014,550

CALCULATING MACHINE vF'iled Jan. 5, 1925 '7 Sheets-Sheet 1- Sep@ 9 E935 E. DYSART CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan, 5, 1925 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sep@ 11% E. DYSART CALCULAT ING MACHINE Filed Jan. 5, 1925 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 CALCULAT ING MACHINE Filed Jan. 5, 1925 7 Slwets--Sheei'l 4 if 'a gjm m www Sem. W9 H935. E. DYSART CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 5, 1925 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 B. DYSART CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 5, 1925 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 al :ll-E

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Sep, T?, 1935 Sept i?? 1935, B, DWS/ART Zm@ CALCULATING MACHINE Patented Sept. 17, 1935 PATENT oFFlycE CALCULATING MACHINE Birney Dysart, Cincinnati, Ohio; Eva. Perin Dysart, executrx of said Birney Dysart, deceased, assignor to Eva Perin Dysart, West Hartford,

Conn.

Application January 5, 1925, Serial No. 565

65 Claims.

numbersl will be made as an incident to the accu-J mulation thereof; and having designating means whereby the record of numbers accumulated additively will be diierentiated from that of numbers accumulated subtractively.

Another object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine equipped with calculating devices having a positive zero position and a negative zero position and operable effectively to accumulate numbers both additively and subtractivelyand to represent the true algebraic sum thereof at all times notwithstanding said sum may alternately be of a positive or a negative character; and having clearing means whereby elements of the calculating devices may be set in either of their zero positions; and having locking means preventing the setting of the elements of the calculating devices in a clear position of a character other than that of the sum then represented thereby.

Another object is to provide calculating machines of the character described with recording means whereby the sum represented by the calculating devices may be printed as an incident tothe setting of said devices in their zero positions; designating means whereby thecharacter of the sums printed whether positive or negative may be visibly indicated, and means for printing .clear signals to indicate a clear condition of the calculating devices and also to indicate the character of the sum last represented in the calculating devices, i. e., Whether positive or negative.

Another object of the invention is to embody in a calculating machine mechanism for cooperating with the calculating devices thereof, Whereby when the calculating devices are operated in a reverse direction in the performance of examples of subtraction a correct negative total will be obtained by the automatic transfer of a unit into units denominational order.

Another object of the invention is to provide mechanism for cooperation with the calculating devices to introduce into the units denominational 5.3 order the unit necessary to obtain a correct nega- (CL' 23S-60) tive total, automatically and as an incident to the operation of the machine to obtain the negative total, and at the same time locking the clearing mechanism-against operation until a lock control device is set. 5

Another object of the invention is to provide equipment in the machine for preventing the operation of the total key devices when there isa negative total in the machine; in order to signify the fact of the presence of the negative total 10 and the fact that operation of the subtraction key is necessary before the machine may be operated in clearing operations.

Other objects will' appear from the following description, reference being made to the accom- 15 panying drawings, in which- Fig. l is a side elevation of a machine containing the present invention, certain of the parts being broken away.

Fig. 2 is a rear end elevation.

Fig. 3 is a plan View of the calculating mechanism, many of the parts being omitted to clarify the illustration of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the mechanism shown in Fig. 3, showing one of the calculating pinions set to represent the digit 8.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing the positions of the calculating pinions after 9 has been subtracted from 8 to obtain a negative total.

Fig. 6 is a detail'view showing the position of 30 the total key locking device when the machine is operative for straight addition.

Fig. '7 is a similar view showing the position of the total key locking device when the machine is operative for subtraction.

Fig. 8 is a view showing the position of said parts after the machine has been operated in an example of subtraction.

Fig. 9 is a view showing the position of said parts after the machine has been operated an additional stroke preparatory to a printing or clearing operation.

Fig. 10 illustrates an example of work performed by the machine. i

Fig. 11 illustrates the devices for restoring to normal position parts of thetransfer mechanism.

Fig. 12 is a view showing the mechanism for stopping the counting pinions in clear position when the machine is operated in clearing or total printing operations.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view of the machine showing the character printing mechanism and accumulator control mechanism in normal position.

Fig. 14 is a similar view showing the positions 55 of the total key and mechanism controlled thereby in their operated positions.

Fig. i5 is a view of the character printing mechanism with the subtraction key depressed.

Fig. i6 (Sheet l) is a rear elevation of an alternative form of a part of the invention for introducing an additional unit subtractively into units adding pinion.

Fig. l'l is a view looking toward the right hand side of Fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is a detail view showing the parts |52 and Ill from the front of the machine,

Fig. 19 is a sectional view on the line |9|9 of Fig. 16 showing the means for tripping the transfer actuator latch for units counting pinion.

Fig. 20 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a part of the machine showing in side elevation the usual Dalton lock device for cooperating with the total key link to require a blank stroke before the clearing operation may be performed.

Fig. 21 is a rear elevation of the total key lock device out of position to block the total key link so that the machine may be operated in a clearing operation.

Fig. 22 is a rear elevation of the total key lock device in position to block the total key link so that the machine cannot be operated in a clearing operation until after a blank stroke.

'I'he usual method for taking care of the one" in adding and direct subtracting machines is to provide for the introduction of ,one unit subtractively into units adding pinion as an incident to the operation of the subtraction key to change the machinefroxn adding to subtracting and also by likewise introducing one, this time additively, when the subtraction key is released and the machine thereby restored to condition for accumulating numbers additively. The introduction of the one is not consummated until a subsequent operatlon of the machine, the movement of the subtraction key merely setting a part, just as though the units digit key had been operated. The following operation of the machine introduces the one into the adding pinion.

As a result, the adding pinions do not represent at all times the true algebraic sum or total of the items that have been added. It consequently becomes necessary to safeguard the machine against the possibility of taking a total' under such conditions.

As a result of the present invention, the automatic one is introduced when. and only when, it is necessary in order that the adding pinions may at all times represent the true algebraic sum of the items that have been added. 'I'he introduction of the unit is accomplished as an incident to the operation of the machine in which a change from positive to negative or from negative to positive occurs. It, therefore, greatly lsimplifies the operation of machine and each time saves an unnecessary handle stroke. It eliminates the necessity for safety locks the adding wheels being at all times in proper condition to have a total taken and requiring no more than the usual "clearing stroke as is customary in these machines.

This invention is capable of application to machines having more than one set of adding pinions. In such applications the advantage resulting from the automaticintroduction of the one is vastly increased. as the character of the safeguards and locks that would otherwise be necessary in such machines assumes bewildering proportions.

The machine in which I have shown the present invention embodied is a Dalton adding machine containing also essential parts of the invention of Elmer H. Dreher disclosed in application Serial No. 686,036, filed January i4, 1924. Said machine comprises a laterally movable differential 5 carriage into which numbers are set up by the operation of the numeral key levers 2. Racks 3 are limited in their forward movements by the differential stops in the carriage and numbers may be printed upon paper passing around a 1u paper roll 4 in the usual manner. The racks and the type carriers 5 are pivotally supported upon a shaft 6. The type carriers have rearwardly extended arms 1 and are normally held in their idle positions yby a rod 8 which is moved down- 15 wardly and forwardly when it is desired to operate the type carriers. The movement of the rod l is controlled by the forward and back turning movementsof a shaft 9 in a well known manner. The machine contains the usual total key 20 I0, and a link operatively connected with the total key device and moving rearwardly at each operation thereof. It is a familiar fact that the Dalton adding machine employs a lock device |4229 to prevent rearward movement of the link and thereby prevent operation of the total key device until after the blank stroke. This familiar locking device for the total key link of the Dalton adding machine is clearly shown in Figs. 20 to-22, inclusive. When the differential 30 carriage I is in its normal or starting position a projection 44062 is bearing against the end o! an arm |4232 and holds it to the right relative to the operator at the front of the machine (to the left as seen in rear elevation in Figs. 2l and 35 22). This arm |4232 is constantly under the tension of a spring 64016 and as soon as the differential carriage I moves from its starting position the arm |4232 will follow the projection 44062, thus moving the lock |4229 across the rear end of the total key link by a projection 54010 on said arm |4232 bearing against the edge of the lock |4229. A spring 64011 connects the lock |4229 with the arm |4232. The arm |4232 and the lock device |4229 are both supported on a piv- 5 ot 340ML On rearward turning movement of the shaft 3 as is well known the carriage is moved to its starting position. A link |4|4`| is operated by said shaft 9 and has a cam C for engaging the tail of the latch |4230. When the arm |4232 and the lock |4229 move to the position shown in Fig. 22 the latch |4230 immediately snaps over the ear G on the lock |4229 as shown by dotted lines (Fig. 22). Then as the shaft 9 is turned forwardly it causes the cam C on the link |4|41 to move under the tail of the latch |4230 and to disengage said latch from the ear G. But the lock |4229 will continue to block the total key link since the differential carriage is still out of normal position so that the spring 64011 is not held under tension by the projection 44062. As the shaft 9 turns toward its starting position the cam C is moved away from the tail of the latch |4230 and the latch again engages the ear G before the projection 44062 on the differential carriage engages and moves the arm |4232 to stretch the spring 64011. When the shaft 9 reaches its starting position the differential carriage is restored to its starting position and the projection 44062 holds the arm |4232 in the position shown in Fig. 21, thus stretching the spring 64011 but not releasing the total key lock |4229 because said lock is held by the latch |4230. as shown in Fig. 22. On the next operation of the main shaft 9 the differential carriage re- 75 mains in its starting position and when the cam C again disengages the latch |4230 from the ear G the spring 64911, which is now under tension, moves the lock |4229 out of the path of the total key link II. v

The invention of the Dreher application comprises a series of sliding actuators I2 connected 'with the type carrier arms 1, respectively, by links I3 so that when the type carriers are actu-- ated forwardly by their springs I4 the actuators |2 are moved downwardly. While the specific structure of some of the parts included in the calculating device-y as herein shown, differs slightly from the structure of the corresponding parts of the Dreher application, the principle and mode of operation thereof up to the point of cooperation with the present invention'remain practically the same. A brief description herein of the mechanism covered by the Dreher application will suffice.

Each sliding actuator I2 supports a rack plate I5 by a pin-in-slot arrangement I6 permitting transfer movements of the rack plates I5 by springs I1. Each rack plate I5 is formed with a rack I8 with which pinions |9 mesh, said pinions being independently rotative on the shaft 20 extending transversely through slots in the rack plates I5. The counting pinions 2| of the calculating device are independently rotative on a shaft 22 whichis supported in a swinging frame comprising a pair of arms 23 attached to a .rock shaft' 24. Each of the rackplates I5 has thereon a rack 25, said racks 25 being in lateral alinement with the rear sides of the pinions I9 which are `diametrically opposite from the racks I8 with which the pinions |9 mesh. The shaft 22 is shiftable laterally to move the pinions 2| out of engagement with the pinions I9 into engagement with the racks 25, and vice versa. In work of straight addition the pinions 2| are operated by the racks 25 and in work of subtraction the pinions 2| are operated by the pinions I9. During the forward stroke of the machine the pinions 2| are out of engagement with the racks 25 and the pinions I9, except. in the loperation of printing a total.

Detents 26 are pivoted on the shaft. 20, one for each of the rack plates I5, and have shoulders 21 that are engaged by projections 28 on the rack plates. :"Springs 29 tend to disengage the shoulders 21 from the projections 28. A series of latch arms 38 are pivoted on a shaft 3| and engage fingers 32 on the detents 26 to hold the detents 26 in position in which the shoulders 21 are engaged by the projections 28 until a transfer operation from a lower to a higher order occurs. Each of the latch arms 36 has an arm 33 extinding downwardly and terminating near the pinions 2|, the arms 33 having wedge-shaped extremities 34 which are engaged by trip cams 35 attached to the respective pinions 2|. In transf erring the cams 35 operate the respective arms 3|) and release the ends thereof from the fingers 32 permitting the springs 29 to move the detents 26 to the position shown in Fig. 5, in which the shoulders 21 are disengaged from the projections 28 and the extensions 36 on the detents 26 engage the projections 28. This permits thev spring I1 to impart a transfer movement to the rack plate I5 introducing an additional unit into the counting pinion 2| that is entrained with the rack plate making the transfer movement. Springs 21 actuate the latch arms 36 to latching positions.

It is with the above described Dreher invention as it is embodied in a Dalton adding machiner that the present invention directly cooperates in the speciilc form shown. However, it will be understood that the invention may be used in other embodiments and is not restricted to the specific form shown.

A subtraction key lever 38 is pivoted upon a shaft 39 and has a link 48 pivoted to its upper end above the shaft 39 and actuated rearwardly by a spring 4|. Depression of the key lever 38 10 moves the link 40 forwardly. When the key lever 38 is depressed it is latched in its depressed position by a projection 42 thereon engaging behind a shoulder 43 on a latch member 44. On a return i or backward turning stroke of the shaft 9 the 1f latch 1s released from the lever 38 by a projection A45 from the arm 46 attached to the shaft 9 engaging a wipe pawl 41 on the latch 44.

A bell crank lever 48 mounted on a pivot 49 has one arm connected with an arm 50a on the shaft 9 20 by a link 5D. A link 5| has its lowe'l` end pivoted to the other arm of the bell crank lever 48 and its upper end pivoted to the lower end of a rock arm 52 mounted on a pivot 53, so thata rocking movement is imparted to the rock arm 52 at each com- 25 pletf operation of the shaft 9.

A plate 54 is pivoted on the pivot 53 and has a projection 55 that is engaged bythe upper end of the rock arm 52 when the latter is op orated, thereby imparting a rocking movement 30 to the plate 54. A plate 56 is supported for Vertical sliding movements by the pivot 53 and studs 51. The plate 56 supports for horizontal sliding movements thereon a plate 58, the same being supported for said horizontal sliding movements 35 by studs 59. The plate 58 has pin-in-slot connection 68 with the rear end of the link 46. rl"he plate 58 has a hook 6| adjacent to but normally out of the path of movement of the projection 62 on the plate 54. When the subtraction key 40 lever 38 is depressed the link 4|] is moved forwardly, carrying with it the plate 58 which carriesthe hook 6| into the path of movement of the projection 62 so that on the next operation of the main shaft 9 the unit, including the plates 45 55 and 58, will be raised to its upper adjustment, Where it will be retained by adetent 63 engaging in a notch 64 in the plate 56. Asthe main shaft 9 returns to its starting position `and releases the latch 44 from the subtraction key 38, 50

, the latter is restored to its raised position, the

link 46 is moved rearwardly by the spring 4|; and the rearward movement of the link 40 moves the plate 58 rearwardly placing the projection 65 on said plate in the position shown (Fig. 1) which 55 is in the path of movement of the projection 55. The next stroke of the main shaft results in `the projection 55 engaging the projection 6 5 and v l pushing the plates 56 and,58 downwardly to their l lower adjustments. 60

An ear 66 extends inwardly from the plate 55 and terminates in a cam-like edge as shown (Fig. 2). A lever 61 mounted on a pivot 68-has a projection 69 engaging the cam projection 66. A link 19 has one end pivoted to the upper end 65 of the lever 61 'and the opposite end supported for sliding movements in the frame plate 1|. A spring 12 actuates the link 19 toward the right, when viewed from the rear, holding the projec- 70 tion 69 in contact with the cam earl 66.

A sleeve 13 (Figs. 2 and 3) is mounted forl sliding and rocking movements on a stud 14. An arm 15 is rigid with the inner end of the sleeve l 13 and another arm 16 is rigid with the outer end 75 .the-shaft 9 causes the cam ear 59 to rise, permitting the spring 12 to move the link 19 in a direction to move the sleeve 13 and connected arms 15 and 19 outwardly.

fn the-present invention there is a slide 19, similar to the sliding actuators I2 but disconnected from any type carrier and located adjacent to the sliding actuator I2 in the highest denominational order. This slide 19 is operated by a projection 19 from the sliding actuator I2 in the highest denominational order extending into a hole in the slide 18 (Figs. 3 and 4). The slide 15 has mounted thereon a sliding plate 8U `devoid of rack teeth. but otherwise similar to the plates I5 and similarly limited in its movements by a detent which is controlled by the counting pinion 2l in highest denominational order.

A rock shaft II has an arm 92 attached thereto and supporting a stud 93 having latching engagement with a notch Il (Fig. 4) in the arm 15 when the machine is operated in straight addition and until a transfer movement is imparted to the plate 59 in a subtracting operation. Another arm l5 on the shaft 8i has a stud 86 extending in front of the projection 91 from' the latch arm in units denominational order. A spring 53 holds the shaft Il in position in which the stud I3 is in the notch 94 and in which the stud It does not interfere with or release the latch 30 controlling the plate I5 in units denominational order.

In the operation of the machine for direct addition and other work, except subtraction, the spring 12 holds the link 19 and thereby the arm 15 in the position shown in Fig. 3 in which a projection 99 on the arm 15 is out of line with the sliding plate 90: but, when the subtraction key 39 is down and the machine is operated, the spring 12 moves the link 19 and thereby the arm 15 to place the projection 59 above and in alinement with the sliding plate 95 so that when a negative transfer operation occurs in the highest denominational order. in the performance of an example of subtraction to obtain a negative total, the sliding plate 80 rocks the arm 15 from the position shown in Fig. 4 to the position shown in Fig. 5. This causes the stud 53 to enter a notch 99 in the arm 15. This movement of the link 19 shifts the entire unit, comprising the sleeve I3 and the arms 15 and 16, from the position shown in Figs. 4 and 6 to the position shown in Figs. 5 and 8.

A cam 90 is between the notches 94 and 90. When the arm 15 is moved from the position shown in Fig. 4 to the position shown in Fig. 5, said cam 90', by pushing the stud 33 downwardly, turns the shaft II in a counterclockwise direction, as seen in Fig. 4. This turning of the shaft Il presses the stud l5 against the projection l1 and releases the latch arm 30 in unitsdenominational order from the finger 32 to permit a transfer movement of the rack plate I5 in units denominational order to introduce the fugitive one. Similarly when the arm 15 is moved from the position shown in Pig. 5 to the position shown in Fig. 4, as hereinafter described, the cam 99' will also rock the shaft 3| and'cause a transfer movement of the rack plate I5 in units denominational order to introduce' the fugitive one. The movement ofthe parts from the position shown in Fig. 4 to the position shown in Fig. 5 effects introduction of the fugitive one when the character of the total is changed from positive to negative; and the movement of the parts from the position shown in Fig. 5 to the position 5 shown in Fig. 4 effects introduction of the fugitive one when the character of the total is changed from negative to positive.

An extension 9| (Fig. 1) from the total key link Il is pivoted to the forward end of a link 92 10 which has in connection therewith a lower extension 93 and a laterally offset upper extension 94. It. is with these two extensions 93 and 94 that the arm 16 cooperates to prevent improper operation of the total key mechanism when the 15 machine is operated in the performance of examples of subtraction. Fig. 6 illustrates the position of the arm 15 with respect to the extensions 93 and 94 when the machine is operable for all work other than subtraction. 20

Illustrating a. simple example of subtraction to obtain a negative total wherein a minus amount is indicated, as when a greater number is subtracted from a lesser, 9 subtracted from 8, for instance: Assume that 8 has been set up in the 25 units pinion 2i, said pinion appears as in Fig. 4 with its cam 35 in the position there shown. Next the digit 9 is set up in the differential carria-ge I, after which the subtraction key 38 is depressed. Then, the shaft 9 is turned forwardly, 30 as an incident to which the pinions 2i are shifted into engagement with the pinions I9 by mechanism disclosed in the Dreher applicationV and which is not essential to describe here, it being sufficient for present purposes to assume that 35 such shifting does occur. As the shaft 9 returns to its starting position the pinions 2l mesh with the pinions I9 and in'this operation the units pinion 2| is turned nine teeth in a counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 4), causing the cam 35 on 40 units pinion to trip the latch arm 39 in tens denominational order and causing a transfer operation through every higher numerical order, with the result that the arm 15 has rocked from the position shown in Fig. 4 to the position shown in 45 Fig. 5 and the shaft 8i is rocked in opposition to the spring 98 to ,cause the stud 89 to release the latch 3l) controlling the sliding plate I5 in units denominational order, thus advancing the pinion 2| in units denominational order one 50 tooth in a negative transfer operation. It is now clear that the laterally shiftable pinions 2| are rotatable in either of two positions. In one of their lateral positions, the pinions 2| are rotatable by the pinions I9 and, in their other lateral 55 position, said pinions 2l are rotatable by the racks 25. The total key device Ill might now be operated and the link II moved to the rear as required for taking a total, except for the fact that the rear end of the link II is blocked in the familiar manner and by the familiar device I4229 of the Dalton adding machine so as to require an oscillation of the shaft 9 while the differential carriage I is in its idle or starting position. That is to say, this Dalton total key device cannot be operated until after a forward and return movement of the shaft 9 has been made while the differential carriage I is in its idle or starting position. It will be understood, of course,

that this blank operation has not yet occurred,

the last preceding operation above described having been the subtraction of the item causing the negative total, during which operation the differential carriage was out of its idle or starting position.

The operator has not yet received warning from the machine that the total has changed from positive to negative, and in ignorance of such fact now proceeds to place the machine in condition to print a positive total by operating the.

machine for the usual blank clearing stroke. As is well known, the usual blank clearing stroke comprises rocking the shaft 9 forwardly from its starting position and rearwardly to its starting position. As a result, the pinions 2| are shifted laterally to positio-n to mesh with the racks 25, the unit of which the arm 16 is a part shifts laterally until said arm 1B is in alignment with the extension 94 of the total key link I I, as seen in Fig. 9. This makes it impossible to operate the total key I and an attempt to operate the locked total key II) indicates to the operator the presence of a negative total in the machine. To print this negative total it is necessary to make two operations `of the machinethe first operation (with the subtraction key 38 depressed)- shifts the arm 16 from the position shown in Fig. 9 to the position shown in Fig. 8, and the second operation while both the total key I0 and the subtraction key lever 38 are in their operated adjustments. On the latter operation the negative total was printed and the machine cleared. On the next forward turning movement of the shaft 9 after release of the key lever 3B, the arm 16 shifts from the position shown in Fig. 8 to the position shown in Fig. 9 in which case an extension 95 of the arm 15 is over a projection 9S on the plate 80. As one or more of the plates I rise on the next stroke of the machine to add another amount, the corresponding pinion or pinions 2| are rotated in the usual clockwise direction (Fig. 4) to engage the cams 35 on the negative side of the wedge-shaped extremities 34, tripping the latches 30, permitting a transfer movement of all of the plates I5 and the plate 80, causing the projection 96 to restore the unit 13-15-16 to its starting position (Figs. 3, 4 and 6). It is necessary to restore the detents 26 to position to engage the shoulders 21 with the projections 28. A bail 91 is pivoted upon the shaft 3| (Figs. 11 and 12) and is normally held back against a plate 98 by a spring 99.

A lever |00 is pivoted upon the shaft 3| and has a stud |0| adapted to operate the bail 91 by engaging an extension |92 of the bail. The bell crank |00 is operated by a link |03 connecting the same with the plate 54 which, as previously described, is oscillated at each operation of the main shaft 9. Accordingly, the bail 91 will be operated near the end of the forward strokeof the machine, i. e., near the end of the forward turning movementof the shaft 9, effectively to move the detents 26 to place the shoulders 21 in line with the projections 28 and permit the latches 30 to engage behind the Vfingers 32.

During each clearing or total printing operation it is necessary to lock the latches 30 which support the arms 33 in order to stop the pinions 2| in proper position.

A bail |04 is pivoted upon a shaft |05 andis movable to and from position under the tails of the latches 39. Said bail is actuated toward position under the latches 30 by a spring |06.` When the bail is under the tails of the latches 30 said latches cannot be tripped by the cams 35. The rock arm 52 has a stud |01 extending over the forward end of a lever |08, the rear end of which extends under a projection |09 on the bail |04 and normally holding the bail in its rear position to permit tripping of the latches 30. A block member l I0 is pivotally supported by the shaft 3| and during active adding or other calculating operation of the machine prevents the bail |04 from moving under the tails of the latches 30 so that said latches may be tripped for transfer operations.

A downward extension from the link 92 when it is moved rearwardly by operation of the total key I 0 engages a roll ||2 on an extension |I3 of the block member IID, thereby raising the block member |I0 and permitting the spring |06 to move the bail |04 under the tails of the latches 39, thereby locking said latches against being releafed, with the result that the counting pinions will be stopped in clear position upon a clearing or total printing operation of the machine.

The counting pinions 2| are normally in mesh with the racks 25, but when an item is being listed said pinions are disengaged from said racks before the beginning of the descent of the racks. Such disengagement of the pinions is effected by operation of a cam ||3a (Figs. 13 and 14) which, during forward turning movements thereof, engages a roll II4 on one of the arms 23 and thereby swings the arms 23 rearwardly to carry the pinions 2| out of engagement with the racks 25. The cam II3a is operated by a wipe pawl I I5 on an arm of the lever 48 and adapted to engage a stud |I6 on one of the associated parts of the cam |I3a. To print a total represented in the pinions 2| it is necessary to retain the pinions in mesh with the racks 25 during the forward stroke of the machine, which result is obtained by moving the stud IIS out of the path of movement of the wipe pawl I|5 so that the shaft 9 may turn forwardly to effect a forward stroke of the machine without disengaging the pinions 2| from the racks 25. The stud I I6 is attached to a plate I I1 supported on the same pivot IIB that pivotally supports the cam IIBa. A cam plate ||9 is slidably supported by the cam I I3a and normally held in raised position by a spring |20.4 A cam slot I2I in the plate II9 receives a stud |22 extending from the plate II1. In order to print a positive total contained in the counting pinions 2| the total key I0 is operated, moving the link 92 rearwardly. An operative connection |23 from the link 92 to the shaft |24 imparts rocking movements to said shaft. 1 An arm |25 from the shaft |24 is connected by a link |26 with one arm of a bell crank lever |21, the other arm of which bears upon a stud |28 projecting from the cam plate I I9. When the total key I0 is operated and the link 92 is moved rearwardly thereby, the cam plate I9 is pushed downwardly and, by means of the cam slot l2 I, turns the plate |I1 to a position in which the stud I I6 is out of the path of movement of the Wipe pawl ||5. This leaves the pinions 2| in mesh with the racks 25 on the forward turning movement of the shaft 9. As the racks 25 descend during forward turning movement of the shaft 9 the pinions 2| are turned by their respective racks until the cams 35 engage on the upper surfaces of the cooperating latches 34 (Fig. 4). The type carriers 5 are thus properly positioned for printing the total contained in the counting pinions 2|.

A total of negative value is printed in a similar manner, except that as the operation is performed with the subtraction key 38 depressed,

the counting, pinions 2| turn in a clockwise direction (Fig. 4) during descent of the actuator causing the cams 35 to abut against the lower surfaces of the latches 34.

The type carrier 5, which is to the right of the numeral type carrier in the lowest denominational order, carries the designating character type including preferably a minus sign. The designating character type carrier is stopped in proper printing positions by a heel |29 contacting with one or the other of the stop arms |30, |3| and |32 which are pivoted upon a shaft |33. The arm |30 is provided with stepped shoulders |34, the arm |3| with stepped shoulders |35, and the arm |32 with stepped shoulders |36, and their positions with respect to the path of movement of the heel |29 is determined by the character of the operation being performed on the machine. In ordinary listing operations the lower shoulder |34 on the arm |30 will stop the movement ofthe designating character type carrier, with the result that no character is printed. However, a designating character, preferably a minus sign, is printed opposite a subtracted item as shown opposite the subtracted item 517 57 (Fig. 10).

A stud |31 on the arm |32 is held against a cam surface |38 on the lower side of the link 40 by a spring |39. A link |40 has its rear end pivoted to an extension of the stop arm |33 and its forward end guided by a stud |4|. A projection |42 from the link |40 is engaged and moved forwardly by an extension |43 of the subtraction key lever 38 when said key lever is depressed. Upon depression of the subtraction key lever 38 the link |40 is moved forwardly a sufficient distance to lower the arm |30 entirely out of the path of movement of the heel |29. Since the link 40 is moved forwardly by depression of the subtraction key lever 38 the cam |38 moving away from the stud |31 permits the spring |39 to raise the arm |32 until the step |35 thereon is in the path of movement of the heel |29. as shown in Fig. 15. Then when the designating character type car rier moves forwardly it will advance until the heel |29 thereon engages the shoulder |36. This places the minus character type at the printing line so that upon operation of the printing mechanisrn in the usual Way the minus sign will be printed opposite a subtracted item or opposite a negative total as an incident to the printing of such numbers.

A distinguishing character may also be printed to indicate positive totals. The shaft 39 upon which the total key lever I0 is mounted supports a depending arm |44. A plate has a connection |46 with the arm |44 and a connection |41 with the link 40 and is guided by a stationary stud |48. When the total key |0 is operated it swings the arm |44 forwardly carrying with it the plate |45 and the link |40, thereby causing the arm |30 to move downwardly and permitting the heel |29 of the designating character type carrier to move forwardly over the arm |30 until it abuts against the shoulder |35 of the arm |3I. In such position an asterisk or positive total character will be located at the printing lm er and printed with the printing of the positive total.

The invention may be varied in numerous respects without departure from the principle th'ereof. The mechanism for introducing an additional unit into units pinion 2| to obtain`a correct negative total may be combined with various forms of adding and subtracting mechanisms, and there are many ways in which the invention may be embodied. In Figs. 16, 1'?, 18 and 19 (Sheet 1) one alternative form of the mechanism for controlling units counting pinion to obtain a correct negative total is shown, the device as there illustrated taking the place of the parts 61 to 10, inclusive, and the parts 12 to 94, inclusive. On the shaft 22 beyond the: pinion 2| in the highest denominational order a special registering element or pinion |49 is mounted. A rack plate |50 similar to therack plates 25 and similarly operated, and a pinion |5| similar to the pinions i9 and similarly operated are associated with the pinion |49 and controlled by the detent 26 in highest denominational order within the capacity of the machine. A pair of discs |52 and |53 are pinned to the pinion |49, each having a forward projection |54. The disc |53 has a notch |55 into which a stud |56 extends from the adjacent arm 23. The notch |55 is of suiiicient length to permit movement of the disc |53 and the parts attached thereto to an extent equal to one tooth space of the pinion |49. A bail member |55 has one end integral with the disc |53 and the opposite end mounted on the shaft 22 in alinement with the latch 33 of units denominational order, and carries a cam |58 similar to one end of the cams 35 and cooperating with the cam portion 34 of the units latch 33 and operable in connection therewith to trip the detent 26 of units denominational order and permit the units rack 25 to operate as required to add or carry one into the units counting pinion 2|. A blade |59 ex tending from the rear end of the total link i i passes through a slot in the shaft 20 and is thereby guided in proper cooperative relationship with the projections |54 of the discs |52 and |53 and is effective to prevent setting of the clearing mechanism in a manner similar to the extensions 93 and 94 on the total link until the machine has been given the proper number of operations and until the subtraction key lever 30 is depressed `for the printing of a negative total as previously explained.

As seen in Figs. 17 and 18, the projection |54 on the disc |52 is the anologue of the projection 93, and the projection |54 on the disc |53 is the analogue of the projection 94. The bail |51 is shifted laterally with the shaft 22 when said shaft is shifted laterally to aline the pinions 2| with the racks 25 for direct adding operations or with the pinions i9 for subtracting operations. Movement of the shaft 22 to aline the pinions 2| with the pinions I9 locates the projection |54 that is on the disc |53 so that when said disc |53 is turned in a fugitive one transfer movement the projection |54 on said disc 53 will prevent operation of the total key link the same as the projection 94 prevents operation of the total key link until the shaft 9 has been operated in one forward and back turning movement after an item has been subtracted from another item represented in the pinions 2| and a negative total obtained; and the projection |54 on the disc |52 functions the same as the projection 93 on the total key link to prevent a clearing operation of the machine until the shaft 9 has been operated forward and back after the character of the total has been changed from negative to positive.

A transfer movement is imparted to the special rack |50 corresponding to the special pinion |49 in precisely the same way as a transfer movement is imparted to the rack 25 that operates the pinion beyond highest denominational order in the machine already described. Such turning movement of the pinion |48 turns the discs |52 and |53 to place their respective projections |54 opposite the end of the blade |59 to block operation of the total key link until the required additional forward and back turning movement of the shaft 9 has been performed to condition 'l5 the machine for a clearing operation. The stud |56 limitsturning movements` of the discs |52 and |53 to an extent sufficient for the cam |58 to trip the latch 33 in units denominational order in introducing the fugitive one in any work requiring the introduction of the fugitive one into the units denominational pinion, and also stops the respective projections |54 in line with the blade |59.

According to the present invention, it is necessary to impart to the shaft 9 one forward and back turning movement in order to condition the machine for a clearing operation after any number has been subtracted from any other number represented in the counting pinions 2|. The

, movements and adjustments of the arm 16 with respect to the arms 93 and 94 have been described and it is now clear that when any number is represented in the counting pinions 2| and a smaller number is subtracted therefrom, a single forward and back turning movement of the shaft 9 is required while the key 38 remains unoperated in order to condition the machine for a clearing operation; and when any number is represented in the counting pinions 2| and another number of larger numerical value is subtracted therefrom, it is necessary to operate the shaft 9 a single operation from and to its starting position while the subtracting key 38 is held depressed in order to condition the machine for a clearing operation. When a positive number remains in the counting pinions 2| after an example of subtraction, a clearing operation must be performed While the subtraction key 38 remains unoperated; and when a negative totalis represented in the counting pinions 2l, it is necessary to hold the subtraction key 38 depressed during the clearing operation.

In the important particular that only one forward and back turning movement of the shaft 9 is required in order to condition the machine for a clearing operation after the introduction of the subtrahend in any example of subtraction,

this present invention is distinguished from the Dreher machine. v

The invention is capable of wide variation and adaptation in other respects for use in different embodiments without departure from the prin' ciple of the invention. I do not restrict myself in any unessential particulars, but what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent iszl. A calculating machine comprising calculating devices arranged in denominational orders, means controlled by the device in the highest denominational order to effect transfer into the units denominational order, mechanism operable from an unoperated to an operated position for controlling subtraction in said calculating devices, clearing mechanism, and means for prein said counting pinions, clearing mechanism, and

means for preventing initiation of an operation of said clearing mechanism while said first named mechanism remains in an unoperated position and said pinions represent a negative total.

3. A calculating machine comprising counting pinions arranged in denominational orders, actuators for operatingv said pinions, means for controlling transfer operation of said actuators,

ymeans controlled by the actuator in highest denominational order controlling the transfer operation of the actuator in said units denominational order, mechanism operable from an unoperated to an operated position controlling subtraction in said counting pinions, clearing mechanism, means for locking a part of said clearing mechanism while said rst named mechanism remains unoperated and said pinions represent a negative total, and means for unlocking said part automatically and as an incident to change of the `total represented by said pinions from negative operation of said means, clearing mechanism, and

an element settable by said means preventing initiation of an operation of said clearing mechanism while said subtraction key remains unoperated and said calculating devices represent a negative total.

5. In a calculating machine, total key connections, a lock shiftable to and from positions to prevent operation of said total key connections, a device for holding said lock in position to permit operation of said total-key connections, means for `operating said device Ito move said lock to position to prevent operation of said total key connections, a rock shaft, an element settable in operative and in inoperative positions, means for setting said element in operativer position, connections operated by the rock shaft for operating said element, and means operated by said element for moving said device to position to permit operation of said, device by said first named means.

6. In a calculating machine, a plurality of slides, a plate supported by each slide, an accuinulator` comprising a counting pinion for each plate, a pair of actuators associated with each plate for operating the corresponding pinion, an additional plate, means for imparting movement to said additional plate, a device controlling transfer movement of the plate in the units order, and means controlled by said additional plate for operating said device to cause a transfer movement of the plate in said units order.

7. In a calculating machine, a plurality of slides, a plate supported by each slide, an accumulator comprising a counting pinion for each plate, a pair of actuators associated with each plate for operating the corresponding pinion, an additional plate, means for imparting movement to said additional plate when said accumulator changes from positive to negative, a device controlling transfer movement of the plate in the units order, means controlled by said additional plate for operating said device to cause a. transfer movement of the plate in said units order, total key connections, and means for preventing operation of said total key connections following transfer operation of the plate in said units order until said plate is returned to its starting position.

8. In a calculating machine, a plurality of controlling transfer movement of the plate in the units order, means controlled by said additional plate fo:` operating said device to cause a transfer movement of the plate in said units order, total key connections, means for preventing operation of said total key connections following transfer operation of the plate in said units order when the total contained in said accumulator changes from positive to negative, mechanism having a forward and return stroke for operating said slides and thereby said actuators and said pinions in calculating and clearing operations, a subtraction key, and devices controlled by said subtraction key and operative by a single forward and return stroke of said mechanism after the last number has been introduced into said accumulato: for conditioning said means for a clearing operation of said total key connections when said accumulator contains a negative total.

9. A calculating device comprising sliding plates arranged in denominational orders, a pair of actuators associated with each plate, an accumulator comprising a pinion for each plate to be operated by either actuator, a detent limiting sliding movement of each plate, a latch for each detent holding said detents in position to prevent sliding movements of said plates, an additional plate controlled by the pinion of the highest order, and means controlled by said additional plate for releasing the latch of the detent controlling the plate in the units order to permit a transfer movement.

10. A calculating device comprising sliding plates arranged in denominational orders, a pair of actuators operated by each plate, an accumulator comprising a pinion for each plate to be operated by either actuator, an additional plate controlled by the pinion of the highest order, a detent limiting sliding movement of each plate, a latch for each detent holding said detents in position to prevent sliding movements of said plates, means controlled by said additional plate for releasing the latch of the detent controlling the plate in the units order to permit a transfer movement, and means for restoring said detent and said latch in said units order to position to prevent a transfer movement of the plate in said units order.

1l. In a calculating machine, total key connections, an element mounted for sliding and turning movements, an arm supported by said element, means for moving said element to move said arm to position to permit or to prevent operation of said total key connections, calculating pinions arranged in denominational orders, a transfer device for the calculating pinion in the units order, and means controlled by said element controlling transfer operation of said transfer device in said units order.

l2. A calculating machine comprising counting pinions arranged in denominational orders, devices for operating said pinions in one direcf tion for direct addition, devices for operating said pinions in the opposite direction for subtraction, detents controlling transfer movement of said devices, latches for holding said detents in position to prevent transfer movement of said devices, means operated by said pinions when said pinions are operated by either of said devices for releasing Said latches, and means operative upon release of its latch by the pinion of the highest denominational order for releasing the latch of the units a denominational order and thereby permitting the device aforesaid in said units denominational order to operate in its transferring movement.

13. A calculating machine comprising transfer devices, latches for holding said transfer 10 devices from transfer operations, counting pinions operable to release said latches, a bail, a block member holding said bail in posit'on to permit release of said latches, total key connections, means operated by said total key connec- 15 tions to move said block out of the way of said bail, and means controlled by the counting pinion of the highest denominational order for releasing the latch in the units order.

14. A machine of the character described com- 20 prising a plurality of sliding actuator plates, counting pinions, means for operating said counting pinions by said plates, detents for stopping movement of said plates in each of two positions, means for moving said detents from one position to another position, a bail for restoring said detents to the first position, latches for holding said detents in said first position, and means controlled by the counting pinion of the highest denominational order for releasing the latch of the units order and for causing the pinion in the units order to move a distance representing one unit.

15. The combination in a calculating machine of a plurality of actuators arranged in denominational orders, a plurality of registering elements identified with the actuators and operable thereby to accumulate numbers either additively or subtractively and to represent the true algebraic sum thereof notwithstanding the said sum may alternately be of a positive or a negative character, means controlled by the registering element of the highest orderV for moving the registering element in the lowest denominational order a distance corresponding to one unit as an incident to a change in the character of the sum represented by said registering elements, devices for causing said actuators to operate said registering elements to the initial positions of said registering elements, means for conditioning said registering elements for operation of said devices, and means for preventing operation of said devices until said registering elements have been conditioned for such operation of said devices.

16. The combination in a calculating machine of two series of actuators arranged in denominational orders, a plural'ty of registering elements identified with the two series of actuators and operable optionally thereby to accumulate 50 numbers additively or subtractively and to represent the true algebraic sum thereof notwithstanding the said sum may alternately be of a positive or a negative character, automatic means controlled by the registering element of 55 the highest order whereby the actuator in the lowest denominational order will be caused to move the said identified registering element a distance corresponding to one unit as an incident to a change in the character of the sum 7o represented by said registering elements, and recording means for operating said actuators and recording the numbers as an incident to the accumulation thereof.

17. 'I'he combination in a calculating machine 75 of a plurality of actuators arranged in denominational orders, a plurality of registering elements having a positive zero position and a. negative zero position, said registering elements being identified with the actuators and operable thereby to accumulate numbers either addltively or subtractively and to represent the true algebraic sum thereof notwithstanding the said sum may alternately be of a positive or a negative character, automatic means controlled by the registeringelement of the highest order whereby the actuator in the lowest denominational order will be caused to move the registering element in the units order a distance corresponding to one unit as an incident to a change in the character of the sum represented by said registering elements, and clearing means whereby said registering elements may be set in either of their zero positions.

18. 'Ihe combination in a calculating machine of a plurality of actuators arranged in denominational orders, a plurality of registering elements having a positive zero position and a negative zero position, said registering elements being identied with the actuators and operable thereby to accumulate numbers either additively or subtractively and to represent the true algebraic sum thereof notwithstanding the said sum may alternately be of a positive or a negative character, automatic means controlled by the registering element of the highest order whereby the registering element in the lowest denominational order will be caused to move a distance corresponding to one unit as an incident to a change in the character of the sum represented by said registering elements, clearing means whereby said registering elements may be set in either of their zero positions, and recording means operable to print the sum represented by the registering elements as an incident to the setting of said elements in zero position.

19. The combination in a calculating machine of a series of actuators arranged in denominational orders, a series of registering elements having a positive zero position and a negative zero position, said registering elements being identified with the actuators and operable thereby to accumulate numbers either additively or subtractively and to represent the true algebraic sum thereof notwithstanding the said sum may alternately be of a positive or a negative character, automatic means controlled by the registering element of the highest order whereby the registering element in lowest denominational order will be caused to move a distance corresponding to one unit as an incident to a. change in the character of the sum represented by said registering elements, clearing means whereby said registering elements may be set in either of their zero positions, and locking means preventing the setting of said registering elements in a clear position other than the proper clear position of the sum then represented thereby.

20. In a calculating machine, a series of rack members arranged side by side in denominational orders, a series of pinions also in said denominational orders and each thereof being actuated by a corresponding rack member, a tripping member mounted on each of said pinions, and a series of latch members corresponding to said tripping members and adapted to be tripped thereby, each latch when tripped being operable to permit movement of the rack member in the next higher denominational order, in combination with an oscillating member, a special tripping member cooperating with said oscillating member and operable as an incident to the movement thereof to trip the latch member of the lowest denominational order, and an element controlled by the pinion of the highest order for moving said oscillating member.

21. The combination in a calculating machine having a series of trains of mechanism arranged in denominational orders, each train including a rack member, a pinion, a tripping member operated by the pinion, and a latch member; of an oscillating member having a positive position and a negative position; an element controlled by the pinion of the highest order for moving said oscillating member from one of its positions to the other; and a special tripping member cooperating with said oscillating member and operable as an incident to the movement thereof to trip the latch member of the lowest denominational order.

22. The combination in a calculating machine, of a revoluble registering element identified with each of a plurality of denominational orders, each of said elements having a positive clear position and, separated therefrom by the distance corresponding to one unit, a negative clear position, spring-actuated means controlled by the registering element in the highest denominational order as an incident to every movement of said registering element from its positive clear position to its negative clear position through the said space of one` unit, whereby the element in the units order will be caused to register the subtraction of one unit, and printing mechanism operable under control of said registering elements to print simultaneously the entire total represented by any number of said registering elements.

23. The combination in a calculating machine, of a revoluble registering element identified with each of a plurality of denominational orders, each of said elements having a positive clear position from which it advances to register addition and a negative clear position, the said negative clear position and the said positive clear position being separated by the space corresponding to one unit, spring-actuated means associated with the element in the highest denominational order whereby the element in the units order will be caused to register the subtraction of one unit as an incident to every initial movement beyond said positive clear position in the direction for registering subtraction of said element in the highest denominational order, and printing mechanism operable under control of said registering elements to print simultaneously the entire total represented by any number of said registering elements. v

24. The combination in a calculating machine, of a series of registering pinions arranged in denominational orders, a series of actuators operable to turn the pinions in one direction for addition and in the opposite direction for subtraction, mechanism for controlling operation of said actuators to effect transferring of tens from the lower to the higher orders as required in addition and in subtraction, a special registering element having a positive position and a negative position, means operable to move said element from one position to the other according to the Y character of any amount represented by said registering pinions whether positive or negative, and means under control of said special element whereby the registering pinion of the lowest denominational order will be caused to move the distance of one unit as an incident to every movement of said element.

25. The combination in a calculating machine, of a series of registering elements having clear position before being operated to accumulate numbers, one thereof being identified with each of a plurality of denominational orders, differential actuators one for each of said registering elements, said registering elements being normally arranged to accumulate numbers additively, manipulative means controlling adjustment oi' said registering elements for subtraction, automatic spring-actuated means controlled by the registering element in the highest order whereby the registering element in the units order will be caused to move a distance corresponding to one unit as an incident to every change of the amount represented by said registering elements from positive to negative or from negative to positive, and clearing mechanism operable at a single operation to set all of said registering elements in clear position.

26. The combination in a calculating machine having a series of trains of mechanisms arranged in denominational orders, each train including a rack member, a pinion having a positive zero position and a negative zero position, a tripping member operated by the pinion, and a latcli member; of an oscillating member having a positive position and a negative position; an element controlled by the train of mechanism of the highest order for moving said oscillating member from one of its positions to the other; a special tripping member cooperating with said oscillating member and operable as an incident to the movement thereof to trip the latch member of the lowest denominational order; clearing means whereby the said pinions may be set in either 0f their zero positions; a total key device controlling operation of said clearing means when said pinions represent a positive total; and an abutment carried by the oscillating member and operable to engage a part of the said total key device and thereby prevent initiation of a clearing operation while said subtraction key device remains unoperated and said pinions represent a negative total.

27. The combination in a calculating machine having a series of trains of mechanisms arranged in denominational orders, each train including a rack member, a pinion having a positive zero position and a negative zero position, a tripping member operated by the pinion, and a latch member; of an oscillating member having a positive position and a negative position; an element controlled by the train of mechanism of the highest order for moving said oscillating member from one of its positions to the other; a special tripping member cooperating with said oscillating member and operable as an incident to the movement thereof to trip the latch member of the lowest denominational order; clearingV means whereby the said pinions may be set in either of their zero positions; a total key device controlling operation of said clearing means when said pinions represent a positive total; an abutment carried by the oscillating member and operable to engage a part of said total key device and thereby prevent the setting of said pinions in a clear position of a character other than that of the sum then represented thereby; and means for disabling the connection between said abutment and the clearing means.

28. A calculating machine operative in calculating and clearing operations and comprising calculating devices arranged in denominational orders. mechanism operablefrom an unoperated to an operated position to shift said calculating devices from one position to another, means controlled by the calculating device of the highest denominational order controlling transfer of a unit into the units calculating device, and an element preventing a clearing operation of the machine while said mechanism remains in an unoperated position and the calculating devices represent a negative total.

29. A calculating machine operative in calculatins' and clearing operations and comprising counting pinions arranged in denominational orders, mechanism for operating 'said pinions in calculating and transfer operations in one direction for addition and in the reverse direction for subtraction, connections for shifting said pinions from position for addition operation to position for subtraction operation, a transfer device for the units pinion controlled by the reverse direction operation of the pinion in the highest denominational order to introduce a negative unit in said units pinion, and means preventing a clearing operation of the machine while said connections remain unoperated when a negative total is represented by said pinions.

30. The combination in a calculating machine of depressible keys, differential mechanism controlled by said keys, a series of actuators controlled by said differential mechanism and arranged in denominational orders, a series of pin ions operated by said actuators to accumulate numbers either additively or subtractively, a series of recording devices operable under control of the said pinions to print the true algebraic sums of the numbers accumulated whether said sums be positive or negative, and means controiied by the pinion of the highest order whereby said sums to be printed will be rectified to the extent 0f one unit before operation of said recording devices to print said sums and as an incident to a change in the character of the sum' of the numbers accumulated by the said pinions from positive to negative.

31. The combination in a calculating machine of depressible keys, a series of actuators conn trolled by the keys and arranged in denominational orders, a series of registering elements op eiated by said actuators to accumulate numbers either additively or subtractively, a series of recording devices identified with and operated under control of the registering elements to print the truealgebraic total ot the numbers accumulated by said registering elements whether said total be of a positive or a negative character, automatic means controlled by the registering element of the highest order whereby a total to be printed will be rectiiied to the extent of one unit concurrently with and as an incident to a change from positive to negative of the total of the numbers accumulated, and means whereby said registering elements may be set in a clear position for operation to accumulate a positive total as an incident to a total printing operation.

32. In a machine for adding, subtracting and recording numbers and printing the algebraic totals thereof, the combination of a series of registering pinions arranged in denominational orders, a series of actuators for turning the pinions in addition and in subtraction, a series oi printing devices identified with the pinions and operable under control thereof to print totals, mechanism for transferring from lower to higher order as required in addition and in subtraction, a special registering element having a positive position and a negative position, means operable to move said special registering element from one position to the other according to the character of an amount represented by said registering pinions whether positive or negative, and means 33. A calculating machine comprising counting pinions arranged in denominational orders, devices for operating said pinions in one direction for addition, devices for operating said pinions in the opposite direction for subtraction, abutment members controlling transfer movements of said devices, latches for holding said abutment members in position to prevent transfer movement of said devices, means operated by each of said pinions when said pinions are operated by either of said sets of devices for releasing a latch when transfer is to be made from a pinion, and means operative upon release of a latch by the pinion of the highest denominational order for releasing an abutment member of the units denominational order and thereby permitting one of the devices aforesaid to operate the units pinion to the extent of one unit.

34. A calculating and recording machine comprising counting pinions arranged in denominational orders, a series of devices for operating said pinions in one direction for addition, a series of devices for operating said pinions in the opposite direction for subtraction, differential mechanism controlling both of said series of devices, abutment members controlling transfer movements of both series of said devices, latches for holding said abutment members in position to prevent transfer movement of said devices, means operated by each of said pinions when said pinions are operated by either of said series of devices for releasing a latch, and means operative upon release of a latch by the pinion of the highest denominational order for releasing an abutment member of the units denominational order and thereby permitting one of the devices aforesaid to operate the units pinion to the extent of one unit.

35. A calculating machine comprising counting pinions arranged in denominational orders, a series of devices for operating said pinions in one direction for addition, a series of devices for operating said pinions in the opposite direction for subtraction, abutment members controlling transfer movements of both series of said devices, latches for holding said abutment members in position to prevent transfer movement of said devices, means operated by each of said pinions when said pinions are operated by either of said series of devices for releasing a latch, means operative upon release of a latch by the pinion of the highest denominational order for releasing an abutment member of the units denominational order and thereby permitting one of the devices aforesaid to operate the units pinion to the extent of one unit, and clearing means whereby the said pinions may be set in clear position through either series of said devices.

36. A calculating and recording machine comprising counting pinions arranged in denominational orders, a series of devices for operating said pinions in one direction for addition, a series of devices for operating said pinions in the opposite direction for subtraction, differential mechanism for controlling both sets of said devices, abutment members controlling transfer movements of both series of said devices. latches for holding said abutment members in position to prevent transfer movement of said devices, means 5 operated by each of said pinions when said pinions are operated by either of said series of devices for releasing a latch, means operative upon release of a latch by the pinion of the highestdenominational order for releasing an abutment member of the units denominational order and thereby permitting one of the devices aforesaid to operate the units pinion to the extent of one unit, and recording devices operable to record the numbers introduced bythe keys as an incident to the addition or subtraction thereof.

37. A calculating and recording machine comprising a series of counting pinions, separate sets of actuators for operating said pinions to obtain positive totals in addition and negative totals in subtraction, a series of recording devices operable under control of the actuators to print the totals represented on said counting pinions, clearing mechanism, means signifying the presence of a negative total and preventing initiation of an operation of said clearing mechanism when a negative total is represented by said pinions,

mechanism for rendering said means ineffective,

a subtraction key controlling said last named mechanism, a. rock shaft movable from and to a 3o definite start-ing position, and parts operated by said rock shaft for operating said last named mechanism to render said means ineffective to prevent initiation of an operation of said clearing mechanism by a single operation of said rock shaft from and to said starting position following an operation to obtain a negative total in said counting pinions.

38. 'I'he combinationin a calculating machine of depressible keys, two series of actuators controlled 40 by the keys and arranged in denominational orders, a series of registering elements identified with the two series of actuators and operable optionally thereby to accumulate numbers positively or subtractively and to represent the true algebraic sum thereof notwithstanding the said sum may alternately be of a positive or negative character, automatic means controlled by the registering element of the highest order whereby the actuators in the lowest denominational order will be caused to move the said identified element a distance corresponding to one unit as an incident to a change in the character of the sum represented by said registering elements, and mechanism controlling setting of said registering elements in zero position by one of said series of actuators when a negative total is contained in said registering elements.

39. The combination in a calculating machine of depressible keys, two series of actuators controlled by the keys and arranged in denominational orders, a series of registering elements having a positive zero position and a negative zero position, said registering elements being identified with the two series of actuators and operable 6 optionally thereby to accumulate numbers either additively or subtractively and to represent the true algebraic sum thereof notwithstanding the said sum may alternately be of a positive or negative character, automatic means whereby the actuators in the lowest denominational order will be caused to move the identied registering element a distance corresponding to one unit as an incident to a change in the character of the 75 sum represented by said registering elements, clearing means whereby saidelements may be set in either of their zero positions, and recording means operable to print the sum represented by the registering elements as an incident to the setting of said elements in zero position.

40. The combination in a calculating machine of depressible keys, two series of actuators controlled by the keys and arranged in denominational orders, a series of registering elements having a positive zero position and a negative zero position, said registering elements being identied with the two series of actuators and operable optionally thereby to accumulate numbers either additively or subtractively and to represent the true algebraic sum thereof notwithstanding the said sum may alternately be of a positive or a negative character. automatic means controlled by the registering element of the highest order whereby the actuators in the lowest denominational order will be caused to move the identified registered element a distance corresponding to one unit as an incident to a change in the character of the sum represented by said registering elements, clearing means whereby said registering elements may be set in either of their zero positions, and locking means preventing the setting of said registering elements in a clear position other than the proper clear position of the sum then represented thereby.

41.1n a calculating and recording machine having a series of trains of mechanism arranged in denominational orders and operable to 4add and subtract numbers and to print a list thereof together with the algebraic total, an oscillating member, a tripping member, a latch member, an abutment member, and a rack member, certain of said members being identiiied with the units denominational order and the remainder thereof with the highest denominational order, in combination with an element controlled by a part of said mechanism in said highest order for moving the said oscillating member and thereby through the said tripping member, latch member and abutment member, permitting movement of said rack member.

42. The combination in a calculating and recording machine operable to add, subtract and recordv numbers and to print the algebraic totals thereof and having a series of trains of mechanisms arranged in denominational orders, each of said trains including a spring driven rack member, a pinion, a tripping member operated by the pinion, and an abutment member; of an oscillating member having a positive and a negative position; an element controlled by the pinion of the highest order for moving said oscillating member from one of its positions to the other; and a special tripping member cooperating with said oscillating member and operable as an incident to the movement thereof to release the abutment member in the lowest denominational order and thereby permit its rack member to move in a transfer operation.

43. The combination in a calculating and recording machine operable to add, subtract and record numbers and to print the algebraic totals thereof and having a series of trains of mechanism arranged in denominational orders, each of said trains including a yieldingly actuated rack member, a pinion, a tripping member operated by the pinion, a latch member, and an abutment member; of an oscillating member having a positive and a negative position; an element controlled by the pinion of the highest order for moving said oscillating member i'rom one of its positions to the other; and a special tripping member cooperating with said oscillating member and operable as an incident to the movement thereof to trip the latch member of the lowest denominational order.

44. In a calculating and recording machine for adding, subtracting and recording numbers and printing the algebraic totals thereof, the combination with total printing mechanism and manipulative means for controlling operation thereof, of a series of revoluble registering elements identified with'each oi a plurality of denominational orders, each of said elements having a positive clear position and separated therefrom by the distance corresponding to one unit, a negative clear position, and means controlled by the registering element in the highest denominational order as an incident to the movement of said registering element from its positive clear position to its negative clear position through the said vspace of one unit whereby the element in the units order will be caused to register the subtraction of one unit and operation of said manipulative means will be blocked.

Y 45. In a calculating and recording machine for adding, subtracting and recording numbers and printing the algebraic totals thereof, the combination with total printing mechanism and manipulative means for controlling operation thereof, operable to print simultaneously a plurality of digits, of revoluble registering elements identified with each of a plurality of denominational orders, each of said elements having a positive clear position from which it advances to register addition and a negative clear position, the said negative clear position and the said positive clear position being separated by the space corresponding to one unit, and springactuated means controlled by the element in the highest denominational order whereby the element in the units order will be caused to register the subtraction of one unit and operation of said manipulative means will be blocked as an incident to every initial movement beyond said positive clear position in the direction for registering subtraction of said element in highest denominational order.

46. In a calculating and recording machine for adding, subtracting and recording numbers and printing the algebraic totals thereof, the combination with total printing mechanism and manipulative means for controlling operation thereof of a series of registering pinions arranged in denominational orders, a series of spring driven actuators operable to turn the pinions in one direction for addition and in the opposite direction for subtraction, mechanism for transferring of tens from a lower to a higher order as required in addition and in subtraction, an eiement having a positive position and a negative position, means controlled by the pinion of the highest order to move said element from one position to the -other when the character of an amount represented by said registering pinions changes from or to positive or negative, and means under control of said element whereby the actuator of Ithe lowest denominational order will be caused to move the pinion of the lowest order the distance of one unit and operation of said manipulative means will be blocked as an incident to a movement of said element to said negative position.

47. In a calculating and recording machine for adding, subtracting and recording numbers Cil and printingv the algebraic totals` thereof, the combination with total printing mechanism and manipulative means controlling operation thereof, of a series of registering elements, one thereof being identified with each of avplurality of denominational orders, said registering elements being normally arranged to accumulate numbers positively, means whereby said registering elements may be adjusted for the accumulation of numbers subtractively, and automatic means controlled by the registering element of the highest order whereby the registering element in the units order will be caused to move a distance corresponding to one unit and operation of said manipulative means will be blocked as an incident to the change of the amount represented by said registering elements from positive to negative.

48. A calculating machine comprising two sets of actuators arranged in laterally spaced relationship in which the actuators of each set alternate with the actuators of the other set, a number of laterally shiftable calculating pinions arranged in denominational orders and rotatable by one of said sets of actuators in one lateral position of said pinions and rotatable by the other set of actuators in another lateral position of said pinions, means for engaging said pinions with one of said sets of actuators in one of the lateral positions of said pinions, and with the other set of said actuators in the other lateral position of said pinions, a transfer device for each of said pinions, and means controlled by the pinion of the highest order for causing the transfer device for said units pinion to operate.

49. A calculating machine comprisingv a plurality of laterally shiftable counting pinions arranged in denominational orders and rotatable in either of two lateral positions, separate sets of laterally alined actuators for operating said pinions in the different lateral positions of said pinions to obtain positive totals in addition in one lateral position of said pinions and nega-tive totals in subtraction in another lateral position of said pinions, clearing mechanism, a rock shaft movable to and from a definite starting position, a device for preventing initiation of an operation of said clearing mechanism and signifying the presence of a negative total, a subtraction key, mechanism controlled by said subtraction key, and means for operating said mechanism by said rock shaft to move said device to position to permit initiation of an operation of said clearing mechanism.

50'. A calculating machine comprising a plurality of axially alined laterally shiftable calculating pinions arranged in denominational orders and rotatable in one lateral position to obtain positive totals in addition, and rotatable in another lateral position to obtain negative totals in subtraction, separate sets of actuators for operating said pinions to obtain positive totals in addition and negative totals in subtraction in the respective lateral positions of said pinions, clearing mechanism, adevice for preventing initiation of an Aoperation of said clearing mechanism and signifying the presence of a negative total in said pinions, a rock shaft movable from and to a definite starting position, a subtraction key, means controlled by a single operation of said rock shaft to and from starting position controlled by said key and Aoperated by said rock shaft for positioning said device to permit initiation of an operation of said clearing mechanism in clearing said negative total.

51. A calculating machine comprising a number of laterally shiftable calculating pinions arranged in denominational orders and rotatable in either of two lateral positions, two sets of elements for rotating said pinions in said positions, means for engaging said pinions with one of said sets of elements in one of the lateral positions of said pinions and with the other set of said elements in the other lateral position of said pinions, a device controlled by said pinion of the highest order for controlling transfer operation of one of said elements for the units pinion, clearing mechanism for clearing said pinions, a rock shaft movable from and to a definite starting position, a subtraction key, and

i mechanism controlled by said subtraction key and operated by said rock shaft for conditioning said clearing mechanism for cooperation with said calculating pinions by a single movement of said rock shaft from `and to said definite starting position after the last number has been introduced into said pinions when said pinions contain a negative total and irrespective of which set of said elements had rotated said pinions.

52. A calculating machine comprising a number of laterally shiftable calculating pinions arranged in denominational orders and rotatable in either of two lateral positions, two sets of elements for rotating said pinions in said positions,

'means for engaging said pinions with one of said sets of elements in one of the lateral positions of said pinions and with the other set of said elements in the other lateral position of said pinions, a device for controlling an entry of a fugitive one in the units pinion by the element of either set in units order, and means controlled by the calculating pinion of the highest denominational order for controlling the fugitive one entry by said elements.

53. A calculating and recording machine comprising two sets of actuators, counting pinions arranged in denominational orders for operation in each of two lateral positions, mechanism for engaging said pinions with said respective sets of actuators inthe respective lateral positions of said pinions, recording devices controlled by the engaged set of actuators for recording the totals of the numbers introduced into said pinions, clearing mechanism for effecting control of said recording mechanism by said actuators, and means controlled by the counting pinion in the highest denominational order for causing one of the actuators for the units pinion to introduce the fugitive one when the total changes from positive to negative and for causing the other actuator for the units pinion to introduce the fugitive one when the total changes from negative to positive.

54. A calculating machine comprising separate sets of actuators, a. series of slides for operating said actuators, latches controlling movement of said slides relative to said actuators, a set of calculating pinions, key connections controlling shifting of said calculating pinions from one setl of actuators to the other, means for/operating one set of actuators to transfer from the lower -to the higher denominational orders in said calculating pinions when said calculating pinions engage .said set of actuators, and for operating the other set of actuators to transfer when said calculating pinions engage said other set of actuators, and mechanism controlled by the calculating pinion in the highest denominational order for causing the respective actuators for the units pinion to introduce the fugitive one

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