US20140326137A1 - Negative pressure vapor recovery system - Google Patents
Negative pressure vapor recovery system Download PDFInfo
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- US20140326137A1 US20140326137A1 US13/874,664 US201313874664A US2014326137A1 US 20140326137 A1 US20140326137 A1 US 20140326137A1 US 201313874664 A US201313874664 A US 201313874664A US 2014326137 A1 US2014326137 A1 US 2014326137A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
- B01D53/0476—Vacuum pressure swing adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0454—Controlling adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/22—Safety features
- B65D90/30—Recovery of escaped vapours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
- B67D7/04—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring fuels, lubricants or mixed fuels and lubricants
- B67D7/0476—Vapour recovery systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
- B01D2259/4516—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for fuel vapour recovery systems
Definitions
- This document relates generally to the field of volatile liquid vapor recovery and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for improving the efficiency of a vapor recovery system while also lowering the required capital investment to install and maintain that system.
- cryogenic refrigeration systems began gaining market acceptance (note, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,266,262 to Moragne). While reliable, cryogenic systems suffer from a number of shortcomings including high horsepower requirements. Further, such systems require relatively rigorous and expensive maintenance to function properly. Mechanical refrigeration systems also have practical limits with respect to the amount of cold that may be delivered, accordingly, the efficiency and capacity of such systems is limited. In contrast, liquid nitrogen cooling systems provide more cooling than is required and are prohibitively expensive to operate for this type of application.
- vapour recovery systems of the type disclosed in the Gibson patent generally include at least two separate reaction vessels holding two separate beds of adsorbent. This allows one bed to be used to recover vapor while the other bed is regenerated. While such a system is effective, it is also relatively expensive to build and maintain for proper operation as it requires two reaction vessels, two beds of adsorbent and relatively complicated piping, valving and control systems.
- an improved vapor recovery system is provided. Such a system is used to recover volatile liquid vapor produced when loading a volatile liquid product into a storage tank, such as an underground storage tank, from a supply tank, such as a tanker truck.
- the vapor recovery system comprises a product handling circuit including a supply tank, a storage tank, a reaction vessel holding a bed of adsorbent and a control circuit.
- the control circuit includes a controller that maintains a negative pressure in the product handling circuit in order to prevent undesirable fugitive vapor emissions during a first mode of operation when the volatile liquid product is being loaded into the storage tank from the supply tank and the volatile liquid vapor being produced is captured by the bed of adsorbent.
- the controller maintains a negative pressure in the product handling circuit in order to prevent undesirable fugitive vapor emissions during a second mode of operation when the bed of adsorbent is regenerated and previously captured volatile liquid vapors are returned to the storage tank.
- the reaction vessel includes a lead line and the product handling circuit is a solitary product handling circuit, including a single reaction vessel and bed of adsorbent, under control of the controller.
- the product handling circuit includes (a) a vent line extending from the reaction vessel to the supply tank, (b) a vapor line extending from the lead line to a ullage in the storage tank above a level of volatile liquid product held in the storage tank, (c) a return line extending from the lead line to position immersed in the volatile liquid product held in the storage tank and (d) a volatile liquid product load line extending between the supply tank and the storage tank.
- control circuit includes a first flow control valve in the vent line, a second flow control valve in the vapor line, a third flow control valve and a vacuum pump in the return line and a pressure sensor to sense pressure in the product handling circuit and provide feedback to the controller.
- pressure sensor senses pressure in the vapor line between the second flow control valve and the storage tank.
- the control circuit further includes a vapor management unit connected between (a) the vent line between the first flow control valve and the supply tank and (b) the vapor line between the second flow control valve and the storage tank.
- the vapor management unit includes a Stage I return relief valve set at a first pressure P 1 , a first atmospheric relief valve set at a second pressure P 2 and a second atmospheric relief valve set at a third pressure P 3 where P 3 ⁇ P 1 ⁇ P 2 .
- the end of the return line includes a diffusion nozzle immersed in the volatile liquid product held in the storage tank.
- the controller maintains a negative operating pressure P 4 within the product handling circuit at all times during normal operation so as to prevent fugitive emissions of volatile liquid vapor.
- the system includes a purge line and a purge air valve.
- a method for preventing fugitive volatile liquid vapor emissions from a vapor recovery system incorporating a product handling circuit where that product handling circuit includes a reaction vessel holding a bed of adsorbent to capture volatile liquid vapors produced when loading volatile liquid product into a storage tank from a supply tank.
- This method may be broadly described as comprising the steps of operating the product handling circuit as a closed loop between the reaction vessel, the supply tank and the storage tank during loading of said volatile liquid product into said storage tank and maintaining a negative pressure in that closed loop during loading of the volatile liquid product into the storage tank and capturing of the volatile liquid vapor by the bed of adsorbent.
- the method further includes venting the reaction vessel to the supply tank and creating a vacuum condition in the storage tank during loading of volatile liquid product into the storage tank. Further the method includes maintaining a negative pressure in the product handling circuit during regeneration of the bed of adsorbent as the volatile liquid vapor previously captured is released and returned to the storage tank.
- the method includes controlling a vacuum pump of the vapor recovery system during regeneration of the bed of adsorbent so as to maintain a negative pressure in the storage tank. In at least one possible embodiment the method further includes relieving a vacuum condition in the reaction vessel following regeneration of the bed of adsorbent via venting to the storage tank. In addition the method includes filling ullage created in the storage tank with volatile liquid vapor and product recovered from the bed of adsorbent as volatile liquid is pumped from the storage tank for use. In at least one possible embodiment the method includes maintaining a loop between the reaction vessel and the storage tank even when the supply tank is disconnected from the vapor recovery system.
- the method also includes (a) operating the product handling circuit as a closed loop and (b) maintaining a negative pressure within the closed loop when the supply tank is disconnected from the system and volatile liquid product is being pumped from the storage tank for use. Still further the method includes continuously operating the product handling circuit as a closed loop during (a) loading of the volatile liquid product into the storage tank and (b) pumping of said volatile liquid product from the storage tank for use, so long as an operating pressure P operating in the product operating handling circuit is maintained between a predetermined maximum allowed operating pressure P max and a predetermined minimum allowed operating pressure P min .
- FIG. 1 is a schematical diagram showing the vapor recovery system for recovering volatile liquid vapor produced when loading a volatile liquid product into a storage tank, such as the underground storage tank illustrated, from a supply tank, such as the tanker truck illustrated.
- FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram schematic of the control circuit for the vapor recovery system.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 generally illustrating a single bed closed loop vapor recovery system 10 .
- a system 10 recovers volatile liquid vapor produced from loading a volatile liquid product into a storage tank 14 from a supply tank 12 .
- the vapor recovery system 10 comprises a product handling circuit 11 including a supply tank 12 , a storage tank 14 and a reaction vessel 16 holding a bed of adsorbent 18 .
- the supply tank 12 is the tank of a tanker truck T and the storage tank 14 is an underground storage tank.
- the vapor recovery system also includes a control circuit 20 (see FIG. 2 ) including a controller 22 such as a dedicated microprocessor or software controlled computing device such as, for example, a MICROLOGIC 1100, model number 1763-L16AWA sold by Allen-Bradley.
- the controller 22 maintains a negative pressure in the product handling circuit 11 and prevents undesirable fugitive vapor emissions during a first mode of operation when the volatile liquid product is being loaded into the storage tank 14 from the supply tank 12 and the volatile liquid vapor being produced is captured by the bed of adsorbent 18 in the reaction vessel 16 .
- the controller 22 also maintains a negative pressure in the product handling circuit 11 in order to prevent undesirable fugitive vapor emissions during a second mode of operation when the bed of adsorbent 18 is regenerated and previously captured volatile liquid vapor is returned to the storage tank 14 and recombined with the volatile liquid product P held therein.
- the reaction vessel 16 includes a lead line 24 .
- the product handling circuit 11 further includes (a) a vent line 26 extending from the reaction vessel 16 to the supply tank 12 , (b) a vapor line 28 extending from the lead line 24 to a ullage 30 in the storage tank 14 above a level 32 of volatile liquid product P held in the storage tank, (c) a return line 34 extending from the lead line 24 to a position immersed in the volatile liquid product P held in the storage tank and (d) a volatile liquid product load line 36 extending between the supply tank 12 and the storage tank 14 .
- the control circuit 20 includes a first flow control valve 38 in the vent line 26 , a second flow control valve 40 in the vapor line 28 , a third flow control valve 41 and a vacuum pump 42 in the return line 34 and a pressure sensor 44 to sense pressure in the product handling circuit 11 and more particularly the storage tank 14 and provide feedback to the controller 22 .
- the pressure sensor 44 senses pressure in the vapor line 28 between the second flow control valve 40 and the storage tank 14 .
- the control circuit 20 also includes a vapor management unit 46 connected between (a) the vent line 26 at a point between the first flow control valve 38 and the supply tank 12 and (b) the vapor line 28 at a point between the second flow control 40 and the storage tank 14 .
- the vapor management unit 46 includes a Stage I return relief valve 48 set at a first pressure P 1 , a first atmospheric relief valve 50 set at a second pressure P 2 and a second atmospheric relief valve 52 set at a third pressure P 3 where P 3 ⁇ P 1 ⁇ P 2 .
- the third pressure P 3 is always a negative set pressure to maintain a negative pressure in the circuit 11 and substantially prevent any fugitive emissions.
- the two atmospheric valves 50 , 52 define the normal operating internal pressure range for the product handling circuit 11 for purposes of normal closed loop operation. That range may, for example, be set at between +6′′ wcg and ⁇ 10′′ wcg.
- the Stage I return relief valve may be set at a pressure of, for example, +5′′ wcg.
- the end of the return line 34 may include a diffusion nozzle 54 immersed in the volatile liquid product P held in the storage tank 14 .
- the product handling circuit 11 may also include a purge line 56 and cooperating purge air valve 58 for polishing the bed of adsorbent 18 during the end of the regeneration cycle in a manner that will be described in greater detail below.
- the vapor recovery system 10 effectively comprises a solitary product handling circuit 11 under control of the controller 22 . That circuit 11 incorporates a single reaction vessel 16 and a single bed of adsorbent 18 while advantageously performing essentially all functions of the dual reaction vessel and dual bed of adsorbent systems well known in the prior art.
- the vapor recovery system 10 is used in a method of preventing fugitive volatile liquid vapor emissions when loading volatile liquid product into a storage tank 14 from a supply tank 12 .
- the method may be broadly described as comprising the steps of operating the product handling circuit 11 as a closed loop between the supply tank 12 , the storage tank 14 and the reaction vessel 16 during loading of volatile liquid product into the storage tank and maintaining a negative pressure in the closed loop during loading of the volatile liquid product into the storage tank and capturing of the volatile liquid vapor by the bed of adsorbent 18 .
- the method further includes the venting of the reaction vessel 16 to the supply tank 12 and the creating of a vacuum condition in the storage tank during the loading of volatile liquid product into the storage tank 14 .
- the method includes maintaining a negative pressure in the product handling circuit 11 during regeneration of the bed of adsorbent 18 as the volatile liquid vapor previously captured is released and returned to the storage tank 14 .
- the method includes controlling a vacuum pump 42 during regeneration of the bed of adsorbent 18 so as to maintain a negative pressure in the storage tank 14 . Further in at least one possible embodiment the method includes relieving a vacuum condition in the reaction vessel 16 following regeneration of the bed 18 of adsorbent via venting to the storage tank 14 . Further in at least one possible embodiment the method includes filling ullage 30 created in the storage tank 14 with volatile liquid vapor and product recovered from the bed of adsorbent 18 as volatile liquid is pumped from the storage tank 14 into, for example, automobiles and trucks via gas pumps at a service station. Advantageously, filling the ullage 30 with rich saturated vapors from bed 18 during bed cleaning will not evaporate liquid product P from the storage tank 14 .
- the method includes maintaining a closed loop between the reaction vessel 16 and the storage tank 14 even when the supply tank 12 is disconnected from the vapor recovery system. This includes (a) operating the product handling circuit 11 as a closed loop and (b) maintaining a negative pressure within the closed loop when the supply tank 12 is disconnected from the system 10 and volatile liquid product is being pumped from the storage tank 14 for use.
- this includes continuously operating the product handling circuit 11 as a closed loop during (a) loading of the volatile liquid product into the storage tank 14 and (b) pumping of said volatile liquid product from the storage tank for use, so long as the operating pressure P operating in the product handling circuit is maintained between a predetermined maximum allowed operating pressure P max and a predetermined minimum operating pressure P min set by the first and second atmospheric relief valves 50 , 52 .
- the method includes operating the product handling circuit 11 as a closed loop at all times except when (a) polishing the bed of adsorbent 18 with purge air which enters the system through the purge line 56 past the purge air valve 58 (and hand valve 59 which sets the flow rate) or (b) when the storage tank 14 is breathing in a manner that will be described in greater detail below.
- a delivery truck T arrives to drop a load of gasoline.
- the trucker will hook up the liquid drop L and vapor recovery lines V to the wet stock product tank 12 of the truck T at the connectors C 1 and C 2 .
- a permissive switch is made to start the recovery process.
- a permissive may be given by the station operator through, for example, a human interface with the controller 22 .
- the controller 22 opens the first and second flow control valves 38 , 40 while the third control valve 41 is maintained closed.
- the vapor space or ullage 30 in the underground storage tank 14 pressurizes forcing the displaced volatile organic compound (VOC) vapors out of the underground storage tank. These vapors then pass via the vapor line 28 into and through the carbon bed 18 .
- the displaced VOC vapors will be approximately between a 30-50% VOC concentration with a balance of air.
- VOC laden vapors flow and pass through the carbon bed 18 the VOCs will adsorb on the carbon and only clean air will vent via valve 38 back to the delivery truck T.
- This air flow from the carbon bed 18 to the truck T or supply tank 12 will be approximately 30-50% less than the input from the tank vapors due to adsorption on the carbon bed 18 .
- Prior art vapor recovery systems do not maintain the tank 12 and the entire product handling circuit 11 at a negative pressure much less at a low pressure during storage tank loading.
- prior art systems require maintaining the supply tank 12 at a slight positive pressure to encourage transfer of gasoline or product from the supply tank to the storage tank 14 .
- To do this requires the use of oversized piping, which is capital costly and electrically inefficient compared to that used with the current system 10 .
- the current system 10 does the same work at less capital cost and uses less power so it is less expensive to operate than a typical prior art vapor recovery system. Since prior art systems operate at a positive pressure, that is one greater than atmospheric pressure, they also cannot claim the reduced fugitive emissions characteristic of the current negative pressure system 10 .
- valves 38 , 40 are opening (it takes a few seconds) the underground storage tank pressure might exceed +5′′ wcg. If this happens, the vapor management system 46 will relieve this pressure bypassing the carbon bed 18 and allowing the vapors to go directly to the supply tank 12 of the truck T. Once valves 38 , 40 are open they will stay open until the permissive is canceled.
- the controller 22 closes the flow valves 38 , 40 . Once closed if the truck T is still loading, any volatile liquid vapors that are generated in the storage tank 14 simply bypass the carbon bed 18 and pass through the vapor management system 46 by means of the valve 48 directly into the truck supply tank 12 of the T. This bypass also occurs if the service station system 10 is shut down on a fault or for maintenance.
- the product handling circuit 11 , the supply tank 12 , the vapor management system 46 and the storage tank 14 are all operated under a negative pressure or vacuum eliminating any fugitive emission.
- the product handling circuit 11 , the supply tank 12 , the vapor management system 46 and the storage tank 14 are all operated under a negative pressure or vacuum eliminating any fugitive emission.
- the underground storage tank 14 will also be at a negative pressure.
- Other prior art systems would be at a positive pressure.
- the system 10 eliminates fugitive emissions by operating at a negative pressure
- prior art systems will have the potential for fugitive emissions by operating at positive pressure (e.g. for purposes of this document, positive pressure means above atmospheric pressure).
- valves 38 and 40 are closed the controller 22 opens return flow control valve 41 and turns on the vacuum pump 42 to clean the carbon bed 18 .
- the vacuum pump 42 is turned off if the tank pressure ever exceeds a ⁇ 1′′ wcg as monitored by pressure sensor 44 . This is done to maintain a negative pressure within the closed loop circuit 11 and prevent the venting of vapors into the environment via the vapor management system 46 except during an emergency. Due to the fact the storage tank 14 is under a vacuum as soon as loading stops (possibly up to ⁇ 10′′ wcg) vacuum regeneration of the bed 18 may be commenced immediately.
- the controller 22 can alternatively speed up or slow down the vacuum pump 42 to achieve the same results. Because the storage tank 14 starts at a negative pressure and is kept negative during cleaning there is zero fugitive emission. In contrast, prior art systems start with a storage tank under positive pressure and it stays that way for some time until the vapor is processed over a great time period. At that point a prior art system may be at a slight positive or slight negative vacuum. During this vapor processing time a prior art system has the potential to produce fugitive emission.
- the bed 18 is fully cleaned in 8 hours. While the carbon bed 18 is being cleaned, the vacuum pump 42 is discharging a 40% to 90% concentration hydrocarbon vapor into the gasoline tank liquid via the return line 34 and the diffusion nozzle 54 . Once this rich saturated VOC vapor disperses up through the gasoline product P, the vapor concentration will drop to 30-45% concentration when it comes into the tank vapor or ullage space 30 . The removed VOCs are absorbed back into the gasoline or product P as a recovered gasoline product. Significantly, there is no need to ingest air into the storage tank 14 and induce tank breathing in the present method and system 10 .
- the controller 22 is controlling the vacuum pump run time or capacity by speed control based upon pressure monitoring by the pressure sensor 44 .
- the vacuum relief valve setting allowed by the EPA or other regulatory body.
- the vapor management unit 46 will allow air to flow into the storage tank 14 to not allow the tank to go into a deeper vacuum. If by chance the storage tank pressure goes above ⁇ 1′′ wcg as monitored by pressure sensor 44 the vacuum pump 42 is slowed down or shut off and carbon bed cleaning is delayed until the pressure drops back below ⁇ 1.5′′ wcg. This again prevents the release of harmful VOC vapors into the atmosphere.
- the carbon bed cleaning cycle Once the carbon bed cleaning cycle is started, it will continue until complete. During the last period of the cleaning cycle a deep vacuum of approximately 2.5 Hga purge air will be introduced into the bed via purge line 56 and purge valve 58 at a rate controlled by hand valve 59 . Purge air is used to “fine polish” or deep clean the carbon in the bed 18 . More specifically, the pressure sensor 63 monitors the adsorption pressure in the reaction vessel 16 . Upon reaching a predetermined trigger pressure, the controller 22 responds to the signal from the sensor 63 and opens the purge valve 58 . On a rare occasion the facility might receive a second drop of gasoline into the storage tank 14 before bed cleaning in complete. In this scenario the truck T may load but the vapor generated from loading will bypass reaction vessel 16 and carbon bed 18 via the valve 48 of the vapor management unit 46 and the vapor will proceed directly to the truck T as it would in any typical Stage I loading facility.
- the vacuum pump 42 is turned off and valve 41 is closed by the controller 22 .
- the carbon bed 18 is under a full vacuum and needs to be brought back to atmospheric pressure.
- the storage tank 14 is at some negative pressure. If the pressure sensor 63 senses a pressure in the storage tank 14 greater than ⁇ 1′′ wcg (a positive pressure) the valve 40 (a 4-20 mA modulating valve) is cracked open to relieve this positive pressure by pulling this positive pressure into the negative pressure carbon bed 18 . Again by requiring the storage tank 14 to remain at a negative pressure all fugitive emission and tank breathing (vapor/product loss) is effectively prevented. If the pressure sensor 44 senses a vacuum in the storage tank 14 greater than ⁇ 2′′ wcg, valve 40 is closed again. This cycle will continue until the bed 18 is at zero pressure.
- Valve 40 will continue to relieve the vacuum in the carbon bed 18 until that valve is fully open. If at any point the controller 22 receives signals indicating that valve 40 is open and the permissive is made, valve 38 will also open to repeat the loading cycle. Alternatively once valve 40 is open and there is no permissive the system stays in the shutdown mode with valve 40 open. Additionally valve 65 is also opened. Valve 65 is a solenoid valve located between the carbon bed 18 and valve 38 . Valve 65 opens to atmosphere. Valves 40 and 65 will stay open at all times when the VRU is shut off in the standby mode.
- the single reaction vessel 16 and adsorbent bed 18 of the system 10 is far less complicated and expensive than prior art systems requiring multiple reaction vessels, adsorbent beds and the complicated piping, valving and control systems associated therewith.
- a simple bed 18 that vents during storage tank loading to the supply tank 12 of the delivery truck T instead of to atmosphere, a negative pressure is created in the storage tank 14 that provides a number of benefits including faster loading and virtual elimination of fugitive emissions. This negative pressure is maintained throughout the handling circuit 11 by controlling the operation of the vacuum pump 42 .
- the system 10 is designed with a single bed 18 of adsorbent having the capacity to handle a Stage I truck drop at a negative pressure. By returning all of the carbon bed 18 regeneration vapors back to the storage tank 14 , it is possible to significantly reduce and even eliminate the need to ingest air to maintain a proper pressure in the storage tank 14 as product is removed from the storage tank and delivered to customer vehicles. As this ingestion of air, common to prior art systems, evaporates gasoline product, it often causes the tank pressure to increase eventually forcing an undesired venting to atmosphere. In contrast, the system 10 virtually eliminates air ingestion and the gasoline vaporization, product loss and emissions associated therewith.
- control circuit 20 could include a temperature sensor 67 to monitor the temperature of the carbon bed 18 during loading of fuel into the storage tank 14 and send a temperature signal to the controller 22 . If the bed temperature exceeds a certain predetermined value at any time, the controller 22 will shut down the system for safety reasons. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly, legally and equitably entitled.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- This document relates generally to the field of volatile liquid vapor recovery and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for improving the efficiency of a vapor recovery system while also lowering the required capital investment to install and maintain that system.
- When handling volatile liquids such as hydrocarbons including gasoline and kerosene, air-volatile liquid vapor mixtures are readily produced. The venting of such air-vapor mixtures directly into the atmosphere results in significant pollution of the environment. Accordingly, existing environmental regulations require the control of such emissions.
- As a consequence, a number of processes and apparatus have been developed and utilized to recover volatile liquids from air-volatile liquid vapor mixtures. Generally, the recovered volatile vapors are liquified and recombined with the volatile liquid from which they were vaporized thereby making the recovery process more economical.
- The initial vapor recovery systems utilized in the United States in the late 1920's and early 1930's incorporated a process combining compression and condensation. Such systems were originally only utilized on gasoline storage tanks. It wasn't until the 1950's that local air pollution regulations began to be adopted forcing the installation of vapor recovery systems at truck loading terminals. Shortly thereafter, the “clean air” legislation activity of the 1960's, which culminated in the Clean Air Act of 1968, further focused nationwide attention on the gasoline vapor recovery problem. As a result a lean oil/absorption system was developed. This system dominated the marketplace for a short time.
- Subsequently, in the late 1960's and early 1970's cryogenic refrigeration systems began gaining market acceptance (note, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,266,262 to Moragne). While reliable, cryogenic systems suffer from a number of shortcomings including high horsepower requirements. Further, such systems require relatively rigorous and expensive maintenance to function properly. Mechanical refrigeration systems also have practical limits with respect to the amount of cold that may be delivered, accordingly, the efficiency and capacity of such systems is limited. In contrast, liquid nitrogen cooling systems provide more cooling than is required and are prohibitively expensive to operate for this type of application.
- As a result of these shortcomings, alternative technology was sought and adsorption/absorption vapor recovery systems were more recently developed. Such a system is disclosed in a number of U.S. Patents including, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,871,568 to Gibson, the disclosure of which is fully incorporated herein by reference. Such systems utilize beds of solid adsorbent selected, for example, from silica gel, certain forms of porous mineral such as alumina and magnesia, and most preferably activated charcoal. These adsorbents have an affinity for volatile hydrocarbon liquids. Thus, as the air-hydrocarbon vapor mixture is passed through the bed, a major portion of the hydrocarbons contained in the mixture are adsorbed on the bed. The resulting residue gas stream comprising substantially hydrocarbon-free air is well within regulated allowable emission levels and is exhausted into the environment.
- It should be appreciated that the beds of adsorbent used in these systems are only capable of adsorbing a certain amount of hydrocarbons before reaching capacity and becoming ineffective. Accordingly, the beds must be periodically regenerated to restore the carbon to a level where it will effectively adsorb hydrocarbons again. As a result vapour recovery systems of the type disclosed in the Gibson patent generally include at least two separate reaction vessels holding two separate beds of adsorbent. This allows one bed to be used to recover vapor while the other bed is regenerated. While such a system is effective, it is also relatively expensive to build and maintain for proper operation as it requires two reaction vessels, two beds of adsorbent and relatively complicated piping, valving and control systems.
- In accordance with the purposes described herein an improved vapor recovery system is provided. Such a system is used to recover volatile liquid vapor produced when loading a volatile liquid product into a storage tank, such as an underground storage tank, from a supply tank, such as a tanker truck. The vapor recovery system comprises a product handling circuit including a supply tank, a storage tank, a reaction vessel holding a bed of adsorbent and a control circuit. The control circuit includes a controller that maintains a negative pressure in the product handling circuit in order to prevent undesirable fugitive vapor emissions during a first mode of operation when the volatile liquid product is being loaded into the storage tank from the supply tank and the volatile liquid vapor being produced is captured by the bed of adsorbent. Further, in accordance with another concept, the controller maintains a negative pressure in the product handling circuit in order to prevent undesirable fugitive vapor emissions during a second mode of operation when the bed of adsorbent is regenerated and previously captured volatile liquid vapors are returned to the storage tank.
- In one embodiment the reaction vessel includes a lead line and the product handling circuit is a solitary product handling circuit, including a single reaction vessel and bed of adsorbent, under control of the controller. Further the product handling circuit includes (a) a vent line extending from the reaction vessel to the supply tank, (b) a vapor line extending from the lead line to a ullage in the storage tank above a level of volatile liquid product held in the storage tank, (c) a return line extending from the lead line to position immersed in the volatile liquid product held in the storage tank and (d) a volatile liquid product load line extending between the supply tank and the storage tank. Further the control circuit includes a first flow control valve in the vent line, a second flow control valve in the vapor line, a third flow control valve and a vacuum pump in the return line and a pressure sensor to sense pressure in the product handling circuit and provide feedback to the controller. In one embodiment the pressure sensor senses pressure in the vapor line between the second flow control valve and the storage tank.
- The control circuit further includes a vapor management unit connected between (a) the vent line between the first flow control valve and the supply tank and (b) the vapor line between the second flow control valve and the storage tank. The vapor management unit includes a Stage I return relief valve set at a first pressure P1, a first atmospheric relief valve set at a second pressure P2 and a second atmospheric relief valve set at a third pressure P3 where P3<P1<P2. In one possible embodiment the end of the return line includes a diffusion nozzle immersed in the volatile liquid product held in the storage tank. Further the controller maintains a negative operating pressure P4 within the product handling circuit at all times during normal operation so as to prevent fugitive emissions of volatile liquid vapor. In addition the system includes a purge line and a purge air valve.
- In accordance with an additional aspect, a method is provided for preventing fugitive volatile liquid vapor emissions from a vapor recovery system incorporating a product handling circuit where that product handling circuit includes a reaction vessel holding a bed of adsorbent to capture volatile liquid vapors produced when loading volatile liquid product into a storage tank from a supply tank. This method may be broadly described as comprising the steps of operating the product handling circuit as a closed loop between the reaction vessel, the supply tank and the storage tank during loading of said volatile liquid product into said storage tank and maintaining a negative pressure in that closed loop during loading of the volatile liquid product into the storage tank and capturing of the volatile liquid vapor by the bed of adsorbent.
- Still further, in accordance with one possible embodiment the method further includes venting the reaction vessel to the supply tank and creating a vacuum condition in the storage tank during loading of volatile liquid product into the storage tank. Further the method includes maintaining a negative pressure in the product handling circuit during regeneration of the bed of adsorbent as the volatile liquid vapor previously captured is released and returned to the storage tank.
- In yet another possible embodiment the method includes controlling a vacuum pump of the vapor recovery system during regeneration of the bed of adsorbent so as to maintain a negative pressure in the storage tank. In at least one possible embodiment the method further includes relieving a vacuum condition in the reaction vessel following regeneration of the bed of adsorbent via venting to the storage tank. In addition the method includes filling ullage created in the storage tank with volatile liquid vapor and product recovered from the bed of adsorbent as volatile liquid is pumped from the storage tank for use. In at least one possible embodiment the method includes maintaining a loop between the reaction vessel and the storage tank even when the supply tank is disconnected from the vapor recovery system. Accordingly the method also includes (a) operating the product handling circuit as a closed loop and (b) maintaining a negative pressure within the closed loop when the supply tank is disconnected from the system and volatile liquid product is being pumped from the storage tank for use. Still further the method includes continuously operating the product handling circuit as a closed loop during (a) loading of the volatile liquid product into the storage tank and (b) pumping of said volatile liquid product from the storage tank for use, so long as an operating pressure Poperating in the product operating handling circuit is maintained between a predetermined maximum allowed operating pressure Pmax and a predetermined minimum allowed operating pressure Pmin.
- The accompanying drawings incorporated herein and forming a part of the specification, illustrate several aspects of the novel vapor recovery system and method and together with the description serve to explain certain principles thereof. In the drawings:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematical diagram showing the vapor recovery system for recovering volatile liquid vapor produced when loading a volatile liquid product into a storage tank, such as the underground storage tank illustrated, from a supply tank, such as the tanker truck illustrated. -
FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram schematic of the control circuit for the vapor recovery system. - Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment of the vapor recovery system illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
- Reference is now made to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , generally illustrating a single bed closed loopvapor recovery system 10. Such asystem 10 recovers volatile liquid vapor produced from loading a volatile liquid product into astorage tank 14 from asupply tank 12. Thevapor recovery system 10 comprises a product handling circuit 11 including asupply tank 12, astorage tank 14 and areaction vessel 16 holding a bed of adsorbent 18. As illustrated, thesupply tank 12 is the tank of a tanker truck T and thestorage tank 14 is an underground storage tank. - The vapor recovery system also includes a control circuit 20 (see
FIG. 2 ) including acontroller 22 such as a dedicated microprocessor or software controlled computing device such as, for example, a MICROLOGIC 1100, model number 1763-L16AWA sold by Allen-Bradley. Thecontroller 22 maintains a negative pressure in the product handling circuit 11 and prevents undesirable fugitive vapor emissions during a first mode of operation when the volatile liquid product is being loaded into thestorage tank 14 from thesupply tank 12 and the volatile liquid vapor being produced is captured by the bed of adsorbent 18 in thereaction vessel 16. - In accordance with an additional aspect of the
vapor recovery system 10, thecontroller 22 also maintains a negative pressure in the product handling circuit 11 in order to prevent undesirable fugitive vapor emissions during a second mode of operation when the bed of adsorbent 18 is regenerated and previously captured volatile liquid vapor is returned to thestorage tank 14 and recombined with the volatile liquid product P held therein. - As further illustrated in
FIG. 1 thereaction vessel 16 includes alead line 24. The product handling circuit 11 further includes (a) avent line 26 extending from thereaction vessel 16 to thesupply tank 12, (b) avapor line 28 extending from thelead line 24 to aullage 30 in thestorage tank 14 above a level 32 of volatile liquid product P held in the storage tank, (c) areturn line 34 extending from thelead line 24 to a position immersed in the volatile liquid product P held in the storage tank and (d) a volatile liquidproduct load line 36 extending between thesupply tank 12 and thestorage tank 14. - The
control circuit 20 includes a firstflow control valve 38 in thevent line 26, a secondflow control valve 40 in thevapor line 28, a thirdflow control valve 41 and avacuum pump 42 in thereturn line 34 and apressure sensor 44 to sense pressure in the product handling circuit 11 and more particularly thestorage tank 14 and provide feedback to thecontroller 22. In the illustrated embodiment thepressure sensor 44 senses pressure in thevapor line 28 between the secondflow control valve 40 and thestorage tank 14. - As further illustrated in
FIGS. 1 and 2 , thecontrol circuit 20 also includes avapor management unit 46 connected between (a) thevent line 26 at a point between the firstflow control valve 38 and thesupply tank 12 and (b) thevapor line 28 at a point between thesecond flow control 40 and thestorage tank 14. Thevapor management unit 46 includes a Stage I returnrelief valve 48 set at a first pressure P1, a firstatmospheric relief valve 50 set at a second pressure P2 and a secondatmospheric relief valve 52 set at a third pressure P3 where P3<P1<P2. The third pressure P3 is always a negative set pressure to maintain a negative pressure in the circuit 11 and substantially prevent any fugitive emissions. The twoatmospheric valves - In accordance with additional aspects, the end of the
return line 34 may include adiffusion nozzle 54 immersed in the volatile liquid product P held in thestorage tank 14. Further, the product handling circuit 11 may also include apurge line 56 and cooperating purge air valve 58 for polishing the bed of adsorbent 18 during the end of the regeneration cycle in a manner that will be described in greater detail below. As should be appreciated thevapor recovery system 10 effectively comprises a solitary product handling circuit 11 under control of thecontroller 22. That circuit 11 incorporates asingle reaction vessel 16 and a single bed of adsorbent 18 while advantageously performing essentially all functions of the dual reaction vessel and dual bed of adsorbent systems well known in the prior art. By eliminating a second reaction vessel and bed of adsorbent as well as the relatively complicated valving, piping and controls associated therewith, the capital cost of the vapor recovery system is significantly reduced. Further, since thecontroller 22 maintains a negative operating pressure Poperating within the product handling circuit 11 at all times during normal operation between the upper and lower pressures Pmin and Pmax set by theatmospheric valves - The
vapor recovery system 10 is used in a method of preventing fugitive volatile liquid vapor emissions when loading volatile liquid product into astorage tank 14 from asupply tank 12. The method may be broadly described as comprising the steps of operating the product handling circuit 11 as a closed loop between thesupply tank 12, thestorage tank 14 and thereaction vessel 16 during loading of volatile liquid product into the storage tank and maintaining a negative pressure in the closed loop during loading of the volatile liquid product into the storage tank and capturing of the volatile liquid vapor by the bed of adsorbent 18. In one embodiment the method further includes the venting of thereaction vessel 16 to thesupply tank 12 and the creating of a vacuum condition in the storage tank during the loading of volatile liquid product into thestorage tank 14. Further the method includes maintaining a negative pressure in the product handling circuit 11 during regeneration of the bed of adsorbent 18 as the volatile liquid vapor previously captured is released and returned to thestorage tank 14. - Still further, in at least one possible embodiment the method includes controlling a
vacuum pump 42 during regeneration of the bed of adsorbent 18 so as to maintain a negative pressure in thestorage tank 14. Further in at least one possible embodiment the method includes relieving a vacuum condition in thereaction vessel 16 following regeneration of the bed 18 of adsorbent via venting to thestorage tank 14. Further in at least one possible embodiment the method includes fillingullage 30 created in thestorage tank 14 with volatile liquid vapor and product recovered from the bed of adsorbent 18 as volatile liquid is pumped from thestorage tank 14 into, for example, automobiles and trucks via gas pumps at a service station. Advantageously, filling theullage 30 with rich saturated vapors from bed 18 during bed cleaning will not evaporate liquid product P from thestorage tank 14. - In accordance with additional aspects, in at least one possible embodiment the method includes maintaining a closed loop between the
reaction vessel 16 and thestorage tank 14 even when thesupply tank 12 is disconnected from the vapor recovery system. This includes (a) operating the product handling circuit 11 as a closed loop and (b) maintaining a negative pressure within the closed loop when thesupply tank 12 is disconnected from thesystem 10 and volatile liquid product is being pumped from thestorage tank 14 for use. In at least one possible embodiment this includes continuously operating the product handling circuit 11 as a closed loop during (a) loading of the volatile liquid product into thestorage tank 14 and (b) pumping of said volatile liquid product from the storage tank for use, so long as the operating pressure Poperating in the product handling circuit is maintained between a predetermined maximum allowed operating pressure Pmax and a predetermined minimum operating pressure Pmin set by the first and secondatmospheric relief valves purge line 56 past the purge air valve 58 (andhand valve 59 which sets the flow rate) or (b) when thestorage tank 14 is breathing in a manner that will be described in greater detail below. - The following narrative further describes the operation of the
system 10 and method. A delivery truck T arrives to drop a load of gasoline. The trucker will hook up the liquid drop L and vapor recovery lines V to the wetstock product tank 12 of the truck T at the connectors C1 and C2. Once he hooks up the vapor recovery hose V a permissive switch is made to start the recovery process. Alternatively a permissive may be given by the station operator through, for example, a human interface with thecontroller 22. When this permissive is made, thecontroller 22 opens the first and secondflow control valves third control valve 41 is maintained closed. As the truck T starts to drop the gasoline load the vapor space orullage 30 in theunderground storage tank 14 pressurizes forcing the displaced volatile organic compound (VOC) vapors out of the underground storage tank. These vapors then pass via thevapor line 28 into and through the carbon bed 18. The displaced VOC vapors will be approximately between a 30-50% VOC concentration with a balance of air. As the VOC laden vapors flow and pass through the carbon bed 18 the VOCs will adsorb on the carbon and only clean air will vent viavalve 38 back to the delivery truck T. This air flow from the carbon bed 18 to the truck T orsupply tank 12 will be approximately 30-50% less than the input from the tank vapors due to adsorption on the carbon bed 18. This will cause thevent line 26 from the carbon bed 18 to the truck T as well as the vapor space in thesupply tank 12 to immediately go into a vacuum. This vacuum will in turn transfer to the carbon bed 18 and theunderground storage tank 14 causing a suction on the carbon bed,vapor line 28 and the underground storage tank (vapor side) allowing the truck to unload faster and eliminate all fugitive emissions during an unloading drop in the complete service station liquid/vapor system. - Prior art vapor recovery systems do not maintain the
tank 12 and the entire product handling circuit 11 at a negative pressure much less at a low pressure during storage tank loading. In fact, prior art systems require maintaining thesupply tank 12 at a slight positive pressure to encourage transfer of gasoline or product from the supply tank to thestorage tank 14. To do this requires the use of oversized piping, which is capital costly and electrically inefficient compared to that used with thecurrent system 10. Therefor thecurrent system 10 does the same work at less capital cost and uses less power so it is less expensive to operate than a typical prior art vapor recovery system. Since prior art systems operate at a positive pressure, that is one greater than atmospheric pressure, they also cannot claim the reduced fugitive emissions characteristic of the currentnegative pressure system 10. - Please note while
flow control valves vapor management system 46 will relieve this pressure bypassing the carbon bed 18 and allowing the vapors to go directly to thesupply tank 12 of the truck T. Oncevalves - When the permissive is canceled, the
controller 22 closes theflow valves storage tank 14 simply bypass the carbon bed 18 and pass through thevapor management system 46 by means of thevalve 48 directly into thetruck supply tank 12 of the T. This bypass also occurs if theservice station system 10 is shut down on a fault or for maintenance. - Due to the fact that the VOC/air mixture is being processed through the carbon bed 18 which removes the VOC vapor, the product handling circuit 11, the
supply tank 12, thevapor management system 46 and thestorage tank 14 are all operated under a negative pressure or vacuum eliminating any fugitive emission. When the truck T has finished unloading theunderground storage tank 14 will also be at a negative pressure. Other prior art systems would be at a positive pressure. Thus whereas thesystem 10 eliminates fugitive emissions by operating at a negative pressure, prior art systems will have the potential for fugitive emissions by operating at positive pressure (e.g. for purposes of this document, positive pressure means above atmospheric pressure). - Once
valves controller 22 opens returnflow control valve 41 and turns on thevacuum pump 42 to clean the carbon bed 18. Please note however thevacuum pump 42 is turned off if the tank pressure ever exceeds a −1″ wcg as monitored bypressure sensor 44. This is done to maintain a negative pressure within the closed loop circuit 11 and prevent the venting of vapors into the environment via thevapor management system 46 except during an emergency. Due to the fact thestorage tank 14 is under a vacuum as soon as loading stops (possibly up to −10″ wcg) vacuum regeneration of the bed 18 may be commenced immediately. Depending upon the size of the carbon bed 18 and thevacuum pump 42 as well as customer loading patterns it may require anywhere between 1-24 hours to clean the bed 18 all the while keeping thestorage tank 14 at a −1″ wcg. If necessary, thecontroller 22 can alternatively speed up or slow down thevacuum pump 42 to achieve the same results. Because thestorage tank 14 starts at a negative pressure and is kept negative during cleaning there is zero fugitive emission. In contrast, prior art systems start with a storage tank under positive pressure and it stays that way for some time until the vapor is processed over a great time period. At that point a prior art system may be at a slight positive or slight negative vacuum. During this vapor processing time a prior art system has the potential to produce fugitive emission. - Typically the bed 18 is fully cleaned in 8 hours. While the carbon bed 18 is being cleaned, the
vacuum pump 42 is discharging a 40% to 90% concentration hydrocarbon vapor into the gasoline tank liquid via thereturn line 34 and thediffusion nozzle 54. Once this rich saturated VOC vapor disperses up through the gasoline product P, the vapor concentration will drop to 30-45% concentration when it comes into the tank vapor orullage space 30. The removed VOCs are absorbed back into the gasoline or product P as a recovered gasoline product. Significantly, there is no need to ingest air into thestorage tank 14 and induce tank breathing in the present method andsystem 10. - Even though the
vacuum pump 42 is discharging a vapor into thestorage tank 14 the storage tank pressure is not increasing above −1″ wcg. This is due to the fact that vacuum cleaning is started at a highly negative tank pressure and cars are being simultaneously loaded thereby removing liquid from the same storage and creating a further vapor void (negative pressure). In addition, thecontroller 22 is controlling the vacuum pump run time or capacity by speed control based upon pressure monitoring by thepressure sensor 44. During car loading it might be possible to reach the vacuum relief valve setting allowed by the EPA or other regulatory body. With this in mind the carbon bed 18 may be quickly cleaned and theunderground storage tank 14 may be operated at a negative vacuum at all times during bed cleaning cycle to prevent fugitive emissions. If a level of vacuum in thestorage tank 14 ever reaches the vacuum relief setting value then thevapor management unit 46 will allow air to flow into thestorage tank 14 to not allow the tank to go into a deeper vacuum. If by chance the storage tank pressure goes above −1″ wcg as monitored bypressure sensor 44 thevacuum pump 42 is slowed down or shut off and carbon bed cleaning is delayed until the pressure drops back below −1.5″ wcg. This again prevents the release of harmful VOC vapors into the atmosphere. - Once the carbon bed cleaning cycle is started, it will continue until complete. During the last period of the cleaning cycle a deep vacuum of approximately 2.5 Hga purge air will be introduced into the bed via
purge line 56 and purge valve 58 at a rate controlled byhand valve 59. Purge air is used to “fine polish” or deep clean the carbon in the bed 18. More specifically, thepressure sensor 63 monitors the adsorption pressure in thereaction vessel 16. Upon reaching a predetermined trigger pressure, thecontroller 22 responds to the signal from thesensor 63 and opens the purge valve 58. On a rare occasion the facility might receive a second drop of gasoline into thestorage tank 14 before bed cleaning in complete. In this scenario the truck T may load but the vapor generated from loading will bypassreaction vessel 16 and carbon bed 18 via thevalve 48 of thevapor management unit 46 and the vapor will proceed directly to the truck T as it would in any typical Stage I loading facility. - Once the carbon bed 18 cleaning cycle is completed, the
vacuum pump 42 is turned off andvalve 41 is closed by thecontroller 22. At this time the carbon bed 18 is under a full vacuum and needs to be brought back to atmospheric pressure. At this same time thestorage tank 14 is at some negative pressure. If thepressure sensor 63 senses a pressure in thestorage tank 14 greater than −1″ wcg (a positive pressure) the valve 40 (a 4-20 mA modulating valve) is cracked open to relieve this positive pressure by pulling this positive pressure into the negative pressure carbon bed 18. Again by requiring thestorage tank 14 to remain at a negative pressure all fugitive emission and tank breathing (vapor/product loss) is effectively prevented. If thepressure sensor 44 senses a vacuum in thestorage tank 14 greater than −2″ wcg,valve 40 is closed again. This cycle will continue until the bed 18 is at zero pressure. - If a truck T does arrive for loading while the
system 10 is relieving vacuum in the carbon bed 18, that will not be an issue for truck unloading operations.Valve 40 will continue to relieve the vacuum in the carbon bed 18 until that valve is fully open. If at any point thecontroller 22 receives signals indicating thatvalve 40 is open and the permissive is made,valve 38 will also open to repeat the loading cycle. Alternatively oncevalve 40 is open and there is no permissive the system stays in the shutdown mode withvalve 40 open. Additionallyvalve 65 is also opened.Valve 65 is a solenoid valve located between the carbon bed 18 andvalve 38.Valve 65 opens to atmosphere.Valves storage tank 14 increases in pressure, the VOC vapor will pass through the carbon bed 18 stripping the vapors clean and clean air will vent into the atmosphere. Alternately if thestorage tank 14 goes into a vacuum, clean air will reverse flow from the atmosphere into the carbon bed 18 back into thetank 14 to relieve a negative pressure. Thus, tank breathing is completed without using any power or pumps. In contrast, prior art systems generally require the use of power and pumps to accommodate this breathing. - When it is time to drop a new load from tanker truck T and a permissive is made the
system 10 will go back into normal operation and the cycle will repeat itself all over. - In summary, numerous benefits result from employing the
system 10 and the related method. Thesingle reaction vessel 16 and adsorbent bed 18 of thesystem 10 is far less complicated and expensive than prior art systems requiring multiple reaction vessels, adsorbent beds and the complicated piping, valving and control systems associated therewith. By employing a simple bed 18 that vents during storage tank loading to thesupply tank 12 of the delivery truck T instead of to atmosphere, a negative pressure is created in thestorage tank 14 that provides a number of benefits including faster loading and virtual elimination of fugitive emissions. This negative pressure is maintained throughout the handling circuit 11 by controlling the operation of thevacuum pump 42. - The
system 10 is designed with a single bed 18 of adsorbent having the capacity to handle a Stage I truck drop at a negative pressure. By returning all of the carbon bed 18 regeneration vapors back to thestorage tank 14, it is possible to significantly reduce and even eliminate the need to ingest air to maintain a proper pressure in thestorage tank 14 as product is removed from the storage tank and delivered to customer vehicles. As this ingestion of air, common to prior art systems, evaporates gasoline product, it often causes the tank pressure to increase eventually forcing an undesired venting to atmosphere. In contrast, thesystem 10 virtually eliminates air ingestion and the gasoline vaporization, product loss and emissions associated therewith. - Further, by relieving the vacuum in the bed 18 following regeneration via venting to the
storage tank 14 in a controlled manner through thevalve 40 under control of thecontroller 22, it is possible to maintain thestorage tank 14 at a negative pressure to prevent storage tank breathing and thereby reduce vapor loss and emissions. This also allows capture of some Stage II venting. By using a closed loop system (bed 18 vents to supplytank 12 of truck T), there is no ambient emission point thereby eliminating some EPA permitting and source testing. Thesystem 10 also uses less carbon than a prior art dual bed system and has lower maintenance costs. - The foregoing has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Obvious modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. For example, the
control circuit 20 could include atemperature sensor 67 to monitor the temperature of the carbon bed 18 during loading of fuel into thestorage tank 14 and send a temperature signal to thecontroller 22. If the bed temperature exceeds a certain predetermined value at any time, thecontroller 22 will shut down the system for safety reasons. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly, legally and equitably entitled.
Claims (20)
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- 2014-02-04 EP EP14792118.3A patent/EP2991749B1/en active Active
- 2014-02-04 CA CA2908816A patent/CA2908816C/en active Active
- 2014-02-04 WO PCT/US2014/014525 patent/WO2014178929A1/en active Application Filing
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US10343106B2 (en) * | 2014-10-07 | 2019-07-09 | Jordan Technologies, Llc | Vapor recovery system |
CN107360373A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-17 | 无锡北斗星通信息科技有限公司 | Charge of oil vehicle oil gas collection platform |
CN107509056A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-22 | 无锡北斗星通信息科技有限公司 | A kind of charge of oil vehicle oil gas collection method |
CN109316893A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-12 | 河北格源环保科技有限公司 | A kind of cold bulging volatilization gas zero-emission negative pressure recovery system |
CN111674753A (en) * | 2020-06-25 | 2020-09-18 | 宁满帅 | Oil storage tank liquid seal mechanical seal double-seal integrated environment-friendly breathing device |
CN113996615A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-02-01 | 安庆军峰危险货物运输有限公司 | LPG-related tank car cleaning device and method based on pressure swing adsorption technology |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2991749A4 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
AU2014260466A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
US8979982B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
CA2908816C (en) | 2021-06-29 |
WO2014178929A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
CA2908816A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
EP2991749B1 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
EP2991749A1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
AU2014260466B2 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
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