US20140318817A1 - Probe Packer and Method of Using Same - Google Patents
Probe Packer and Method of Using Same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140318817A1 US20140318817A1 US14/361,969 US201214361969A US2014318817A1 US 20140318817 A1 US20140318817 A1 US 20140318817A1 US 201214361969 A US201214361969 A US 201214361969A US 2014318817 A1 US2014318817 A1 US 2014318817A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- packer
- downhole tool
- probe
- base
- tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
- E21B49/10—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells using side-wall fluid samplers or testers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
- E21B33/1216—Anti-extrusion means, e.g. means to prevent cold flow of rubber packing
Definitions
- This present disclosure relates generally to techniques for performing formation evaluation. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to techniques, such as packers and/or probes, for sealing with a wall of a wellbore.
- Downhole tools may be deployed into the earth to locate and gather valuable hydrocarbons.
- Drilling tools may be advanced from a surface rig into the earth to form a wellbore.
- the drilling tool may include a series of drill pipes with a drill bit at an end thereof rotationally advanced into the earth.
- a drilling mud may be pumped through the drilling tool and out of the drill bit to cool the drilling tool, to carry away cuttings generated during drilling, and to line the wellbore.
- Formation evaluation tools may be deployed into the wellbore, for example, to investigate downhole formations and/or to determine the viability of retrieving hydrocarbons.
- the formation evaluation tools may be part of the drilling tool.
- the downhole tools may be removed from the wellbore so that a separate formation evaluation tool may be deployed into the wellbore to perform various operations, such as measuring, testing, sampling, or other formation evaluation operations.
- Downhole tools may be provided with various formation evaluation devices (e.g., gauges, sensors, probes, fluid circuits, etc.) for performing formation evaluation. Some formation evaluation operations may involve drawing fluid into the downhole tool for testing and/or for collection in sample chambers.
- the downhole tool may be provided with one or more probes for forming a seal with a wall of the wellbore and drawing fluid therein. Examples of probes are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,793,713, 7,585,786, 7,458,419 and 7,114,385.
- the probe may be provided with a packer for establishing the seal, and with an inlet for drawing fluid into the downhole tool. Examples of packers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,121,338, US Patent/Application Nos. 2007/0151727 and 2010/0155053.
- the techniques herein relate to a probe for forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of the wellbore.
- the probe has a packer that is supported as it is pressed against the wall of the wellbore.
- the packer may be provided with support features, such as a raised packer support for internal support thereof and/or a packer stopper for external support about a perimeter thereof.
- the disclosure relates to a downhole tool including a probe for forming a seal between the downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation.
- the downhole tool may include a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation, a base positionable about the downhole tool (the base having a raised packer support ring extending therefrom), and a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore.
- the packer may be positionable on the base and has an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet.
- the packer may have a support channel extending a distance therein for receiving the raised packer support whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore.
- the packer may have a donut shaped body.
- the support channel may extend into the packer from an outer perimeter downhole tool and from a base surface of the packer.
- the packer support ring may be a plate operatively connectable to the base or a downhole tool integral with the base.
- the packer support ring may have a raised lip on an inner diameter thereof, and the raised lip an S-shaped cross-section.
- the inlet channel may have an outwardly tapered outer portion adjacent an outer surface of the packer.
- the inlet channel may have an inwardly tapered inner portion adjacent a base surface of the packer.
- the probe inlet may be in fluid communication with a fluid circuit of the downhole tool.
- the base may be selectively extendable from a housing of the downhole tool.
- the downhole tool may be a wireline tool, a drilling tool, a coiled tubing tool, a completions tool, a testing tool, and/or a production tool.
- the disclosure relates to a method of forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation.
- the method involves providing the downhole tool with a probe.
- the probe includes a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation, a base positionable about the downhole tool (the base having a raised packer support ring extending therefrom), and a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore.
- the packer is positionable on the base and has an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet.
- the packer has a support channel extending a distance therein for receiving the raised packer support whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore.
- the method further involves positioning the probe against the wall of the wellbore, and forming the seal between the packer and the wall of the wellbore by supporting the packer with the raised packer support ring while compressing the packer against the wall of the wellbore.
- the method may also involve establishing fluid communication between the subterranean formation and the probe inlet, drawing fluid from the subterranean formation into the downhole tool, securing the packer to the base, and/or forming a seal between the packer and the inlet.
- the invention may relate to a downhole tool including a probe for forming a seal between the downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation.
- the downhole tool including a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation, a base positionable about the downhole tool, a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore (the packer positionable on the base and having an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet), and a packer stopper for supporting the packer.
- the packer stopper extends from the base about a perimeter of the packer with an expansion gap defined therebetween whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore.
- the packer stopper may have a ring shaped body with one of a triangular cross-section, or a trapezoidal cross-section.
- the perimeter of the probe may be tapered away from the packer stopper and an inner diameter of the packer stopper is flat.
- the perimeter of the probe may be flat and an inner diameter of the packer stopper may be tapered away from the perimeter of the packer.
- the probe inlet may be in fluid communication with a fluid circuit of the downhole tool.
- the base may be selectively extendable from a housing of the downhole tool.
- the downhole tool may be a wireline tool, a drilling tool, a coiled tubing tool, a completions tool, a testing tool, and/or a production tool.
- the disclosure relates to a method of forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation.
- the method involves providing the downhole tool with a probe.
- the probe includes a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation, a base positionable about the downhole tool, a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore (the packer positionable on the base and having an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet), and a packer stopper for supporting the packer.
- the packer stopper extends from the base about a perimeter of the packer with an expansion gap is defined therebetween whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore.
- the method involves positioning the probe against the wall of the wellbore, and forming the seal between the packer and the wall of the wellbore by supporting the packer with the packer stopper while compressing the packer against the wall of the wellbore.
- the method may also involve forming the seal involves permitting the packer to expand into the expansion gap, establishing fluid communication between the subterranean formation and the probe inlet, drawing fluid from the subterranean formation into the downhole tool, securing the packer to the base, forming a seal between the packer and the probe inlet.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wellsite having a downhole tool deployed into a wellbore, the downhole tool having a probe with a packer for sealing with a wall of the wellbore.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic views of a portion of the downhole tool of FIG. 1 depicting the probe in greater detail.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are horizontal cross-sectional views of a portion of the probe of FIG. 1 taken along line 3 - 3 in a non-engagement position and an engagement position, respectively.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphical depictions of stresses along a packer obtained by computer modeling.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are horizontal cross-sectional views of an alternate probe with a packer stopper.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are longitudinal cross-sectional views of another alternate probe with a packer stopper.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting a method of forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore.
- the techniques herein relate to a probe and/or packer for sealing a downhole tool with a wellbore wall.
- the packer may be provided with a support extending therein and/or a packer stopper along a perimeter thereof to support the packer as the packer is pressed against the wellbore wall.
- the packer may also be configured to eliminate interference with an inlet of the probe extending through the packer.
- the probe and/or packer may be configured to achieve one or more of the following, among others: reduced wear, reduced damage, reduced failure, reduced leakage, enhanced sealing, etc.
- FIG. 1 depicts a wellsite 100 having a rig 102 with a downhole tool 104 deployed into a wellbore 106 therebelow.
- the wellsite 100 is depicted as land-based, but could be offshore.
- the downhole tool 104 is depicted as a wireline tool, but could be any downhole tool (e.g., drilling, coiled tubing, completions, testing, production or other downhole tool).
- the downhole tool 104 is positionable in the wellbore 106 for drawing formation fluid 108 from a surrounding formation 110 .
- the downhole tool 104 may have a probe 112 positionable against a wall 114 of the wellbore 106 for establishing fluid communication with the formation 110 .
- a cake 116 that is formed from, for example, a drilling fluid such as mud may line the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 .
- the formation fluid may be at a formation fluid pressure P for .
- the mud 116 may be at a mud pressure P mud , for example, to prevent leakage of formation fluid 108 from the formation 110 .
- the probe 112 has a packer 118 for sealing an inlet 120 for drawing fluid into the downhole tool 104 .
- the probe 112 may be configured with features for enhanced sealing engagement with the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 as will be described further herein.
- the inlet 120 is positioned in the packer 118 for receiving fluid from the formation 110 .
- the inlet 120 is in fluid communication with a flowline 122 extending through the downhole tool 104 for fluid communication with various downhole components, such as a pretest 124 , sample chambers 126 and pump 128 .
- FIG. 2A is a schematic view depicting the probe 112 of FIG. 1 in greater detail.
- the probe 112 has a base 130 optionally extendable from the downhole tool 104 by arms 132 .
- the packer 118 is depicted as a donut shaped member having an outer surface 134 for engaging the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 (and mud cake 116 , if present).
- the probe 112 is depicted as having a single packer 118 and inlet 120 in a specific configuration. However, it will be appreciated that one or more packers 118 and inlets 120 in various shapes (e.g., square, rectangular, concave, etc.) may be provided.
- the inlet 120 extends through an inlet channel 136 extending through the packer 118 .
- the inlet channel 136 is configured to facilitate receipt of the inlet 120 therein as will be described further herein.
- the base 130 may have upper and lower portions 138 a,b adjacent the packer 118 for providing support thereto.
- the packer 118 may also be provided with internal and external support(s) as will be described further herein.
- FIG. 2B shows another view of the packer 112 with the upper and lower portions 138 a,b removed to show a support plate 239 positioned therebelow.
- the support plate 239 is secured to the base 130 by bolts 240 .
- the support plate 239 is configured to act as an internal support for the packer 112 as will be described further herein.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show a portion of the probe 112 in greater detail.
- FIG. 3A shows the probe 112 in non-engagement with the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 .
- FIG. 3B shows the probe 112 in engagement with the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 .
- the curved outer surface 134 of the packer 118 may be shaped to conform to the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 .
- the packer 118 may be a flexible member made of, for example, an elastomeric material (e.g., rubber) compressible against the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 for sealing engagement therewith.
- an elastomeric material e.g., rubber
- the packer 118 may be adhered onto the base 130 using an epoxy, adhesive or other bonding agent.
- Support plate 239 may extend from the base 130 for supporting the packer 118 .
- the support plate 239 may be, for example, a metal component operatively connected to the base 130 as shown, or integral therewith.
- the support plate 239 may have a raised lip 342 forming a raised support ring along an inner diameter thereof extending a distance into the packer 118 for retaining the packer 118 in a desired position on the base 130 and/or for supporting the packer 118 in sealing engagement against the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 .
- the packer 118 may be provided with a ring channel 344 for receiving the support plate 239 .
- the packer 118 , ring channel 344 and support plate 239 may be configured to provide internal support to the packer 118 as it is moved into engagement with the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 as shown in FIG. 3B .
- the support plate 239 may extend into the packer 118 to provide an inner mechanical structure to support the packer 118 as it is pressed against the wall 114 .
- the packer 118 may deform as it is pressed against the wall 114 .
- the support plate 239 may restrict the amount of deformation, thereby retaining the packer 118 in a sealed position against the wall 114 and providing internal support.
- the angle, length and shape of the ring channel 344 and support plate 239 may be configured to enhance support of the packer 118 .
- the raised lip 342 has an S-shaped configuration extending a horizontal distance d 1 (e.g., from about 3 mm to about 30 mm) and a vertical distance d 2 (e.g., from about 3 mm to about 15 mm) into the packer 118 at a first inward angle ⁇ 1 (e.g., from about 10 degrees to about 60 degrees) and a second inward angle ⁇ 2 (e.g., from about +60 degrees to about ⁇ 60 degrees).
- the support plate 239 extends into the packer 118 from an outer perimeter 346 and from a base surface 348 of the packer 118 . While a specific configuration is depicted, it will be appreciated that the support plate 239 and ring channel 344 may extend at various distances and angles in various shapes through various surfaces of the packer 118 .
- the inlet channel 136 of the packer 118 has an outwardly tapered outer portion 350 adjacent the outer surface 134 , and an inner portion 352 adjacent the base surface 348 , both shaped to receivingly engage the inlet 120 .
- the inlet channel 136 may taper outwardly at an angle ⁇ 1 (e.g., from about 5 degrees to about 45 degrees) along the tapered outer portion 350 defining a diameter D 1 (dependent on the diameter D 2 which is about the same as the outer diameter of the probe inlet 120 ), and a height h (e.g from about 5 mm to about 20 mm) along the outer surface 134 .
- At least a portion of the tapered outer portion 350 may taper at a desired angle to provide the desired space to allow insertion of the inlet 120 and/or sealing engagement thereabout.
- the shape of the inlet channel 136 may be configured to facilitate insertion of the inlet 120 into the inlet channel 136 in a manner that prevents damage to the packer 118 .
- the tapered outer portions 350 may be configured to provide space to facilitate insertion of the inlet 120 into the packer 118 during non-engagement.
- the shape of the inlet channel 136 may also be configured to facilitate sealing between the packer 118 and the inlet 120 when in the engagement position as shown in FIG. 3B .
- the inlet channel 136 of the packer 118 may close about the inlet 120 as the packer 118 is compressed against the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 . Once a seal is formed, fluid may flow from the formation into the inlet 120 as indicated by the arrows.
- the packer 118 can experience various stresses when in use.
- the shape of the packer 118 is provided with the ring channel 344 and the tapered inlet channel 136 that can receive increased stress.
- the mechanical structure of the support plate 239 and the inlet 120 may be positioned in the high stress regions of the packer 118 to support the packer 118 where it receives increased stresses. This configuration may be manipulated to address high stresses that can be experienced by the packer 118 when in use, thereby helping to reduce potential damage, wear and/or failure relating to the packer 118 .
- FIGS. 5A-6B show various views of alternate probes 512 a,b usable as the probe 112 of FIG. 1 .
- the alternate probes 512 a,b have packers 518 a,b bonded to the base 130 of a downhole tool, such as the downhole tool 104 of FIG. 1 .
- the alternate probes 512 a,b are also provided with perimeter (or external) supports, or packer stoppers 556 a,b, positioned about a perimeter 546 a,b for providing support thereto.
- the alternate probe 512 a may have a cylindrical packer 518 a with a cylindrical inlet channel 536 a positioned on the base 130 .
- the packer stopper 556 a is a ring shaped member positioned on the base 130 about the perimeter 546 a of the packer 518 a.
- the packer stopper 556 a has a triangular cross-section defining an outer surface 558 a at an angle aligned with the perimeter 546 a of the packer 518 a shaped for alignment with the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 .
- the triangular cross-section also defines an inner surface 560 a angled away from the perimeter 546 a of the packer 518 a to provide a gap 562 a therebetween.
- the gap 562 a provides space to allow the packer 518 a to expand as it is compressed against the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 as shown in FIG. 5B .
- the inner surface 560 a may be at an angle ⁇ (e.g., from about 45 degrees to about 10 degrees) radially rotated a distance on either side of a centerline of the probe 518 a and positioned along a radius r extending from an axis z of the wellbore 106 .
- the alternate probe 512 b may have a packer 518 b with a tapered perimeter 546 b positioned on the base 130 .
- the packer stopper 556 b is a ring shaped member positioned on the base 130 about the perimeter 546 b of the packer 518 b.
- the packer stopper 556 b has a trapezoidal cross-section defining an outer surface 558 b at a sloped angle to the base 130 .
- the trapezoidal cross-section also defines a flat inner surface 560 b to provide support to the packer 518 b.
- the tapered perimeter 546 b defines a gap 562 b between the packer 518 b and the packer stopper 556 b.
- the gap 562 b provides space to allow the packer 518 b to expand as it is compressed against the wall 114 of the wellbore 106 as shown in FIG. 6B .
- the tapered perimeter 546 b may be at a sloped angle y (e.g., from about 45 degrees to about 5 degrees) to the inner surface 560 b of the packer stopper 556 b.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting a method 700 of forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore.
- the method involves providing 770 the downhole tool with a probe including a probe inlet, a base positionable about the downhole tool about the probe inlet, a packer positionable on the base, and a raised packer support ring and/or a packer stopper for supporting the packer.
- the method 700 further involves positioning 772 the probe against the wall of the wellbore; and forming 774 a seal between the packer and the wall of the wellbore by supporting the packer with the raised packer support and/or the packer stopper while compressing the packer against the wall of the wellbore.
- the method 700 may also involve other steps, such as establishing fluid communication between the subterranean formation and the probe inlet and drawing fluid from the subterranean formation into the downhole tool. The steps may be performed in any order and repeated as desired.
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Abstract
The techniques herein relate to a probe for forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore. The probe includes a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with a subterranean formation, a base positionable about the downhole tool about the probe inlet, a packer positionable on the base for forming a seal with the wellbore wall, and a raised packer support and/or packer stopper for supporting the packer as the packer is compressed against the wellbore wall. The packer may have an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet. The raised packer support can extend from the base for supporting the packer, and the packer may have a support channel extending a distance therein for receiving the raised packer support. The packer stopper can extend from the base about a perimeter of the packer with an expansion gap defined therebetween.
Description
- This present disclosure relates generally to techniques for performing formation evaluation. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to techniques, such as packers and/or probes, for sealing with a wall of a wellbore.
- Downhole tools may be deployed into the earth to locate and gather valuable hydrocarbons. Drilling tools may be advanced from a surface rig into the earth to form a wellbore. The drilling tool may include a series of drill pipes with a drill bit at an end thereof rotationally advanced into the earth. A drilling mud may be pumped through the drilling tool and out of the drill bit to cool the drilling tool, to carry away cuttings generated during drilling, and to line the wellbore.
- Formation evaluation tools may be deployed into the wellbore, for example, to investigate downhole formations and/or to determine the viability of retrieving hydrocarbons. In some cases, the formation evaluation tools may be part of the drilling tool. In other cases, the downhole tools may be removed from the wellbore so that a separate formation evaluation tool may be deployed into the wellbore to perform various operations, such as measuring, testing, sampling, or other formation evaluation operations.
- Downhole tools may be provided with various formation evaluation devices (e.g., gauges, sensors, probes, fluid circuits, etc.) for performing formation evaluation. Some formation evaluation operations may involve drawing fluid into the downhole tool for testing and/or for collection in sample chambers. The downhole tool may be provided with one or more probes for forming a seal with a wall of the wellbore and drawing fluid therein. Examples of probes are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,793,713, 7,585,786, 7,458,419 and 7,114,385. The probe may be provided with a packer for establishing the seal, and with an inlet for drawing fluid into the downhole tool. Examples of packers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,121,338, US Patent/Application Nos. 2007/0151727 and 2010/0155053.
- Despite the development of certain probes and/or packers, there remains a need to provide advanced techniques for more effectively sealing with a wall of a wellbore. The disclosure herein is directed to fulfilling this need in the art.
- In at least one aspect, the techniques herein relate to a probe for forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of the wellbore. The probe has a packer that is supported as it is pressed against the wall of the wellbore. The packer may be provided with support features, such as a raised packer support for internal support thereof and/or a packer stopper for external support about a perimeter thereof.
- In at least one aspect, the disclosure relates to a downhole tool including a probe for forming a seal between the downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation. The downhole tool may include a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation, a base positionable about the downhole tool (the base having a raised packer support ring extending therefrom), and a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore. The packer may be positionable on the base and has an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet. The packer may have a support channel extending a distance therein for receiving the raised packer support whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore.
- The packer may have a donut shaped body. The support channel may extend into the packer from an outer perimeter downhole tool and from a base surface of the packer. The packer support ring may be a plate operatively connectable to the base or a downhole tool integral with the base. The packer support ring may have a raised lip on an inner diameter thereof, and the raised lip an S-shaped cross-section. The inlet channel may have an outwardly tapered outer portion adjacent an outer surface of the packer. The inlet channel may have an inwardly tapered inner portion adjacent a base surface of the packer. The probe inlet may be in fluid communication with a fluid circuit of the downhole tool. The base may be selectively extendable from a housing of the downhole tool. The downhole tool may be a wireline tool, a drilling tool, a coiled tubing tool, a completions tool, a testing tool, and/or a production tool. In another aspect, the disclosure relates to a method of forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation. The method involves providing the downhole tool with a probe. The probe includes a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation, a base positionable about the downhole tool (the base having a raised packer support ring extending therefrom), and a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore. The packer is positionable on the base and has an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet. The packer has a support channel extending a distance therein for receiving the raised packer support whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore. The method further involves positioning the probe against the wall of the wellbore, and forming the seal between the packer and the wall of the wellbore by supporting the packer with the raised packer support ring while compressing the packer against the wall of the wellbore.
- The method may also involve establishing fluid communication between the subterranean formation and the probe inlet, drawing fluid from the subterranean formation into the downhole tool, securing the packer to the base, and/or forming a seal between the packer and the inlet. In another aspect, the invention may relate to a downhole tool including a probe for forming a seal between the downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation. The downhole tool including a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation, a base positionable about the downhole tool, a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore (the packer positionable on the base and having an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet), and a packer stopper for supporting the packer. The packer stopper extends from the base about a perimeter of the packer with an expansion gap defined therebetween whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore.
- The packer stopper may have a ring shaped body with one of a triangular cross-section, or a trapezoidal cross-section. The perimeter of the probe may be tapered away from the packer stopper and an inner diameter of the packer stopper is flat. The perimeter of the probe may be flat and an inner diameter of the packer stopper may be tapered away from the perimeter of the packer. The probe inlet may be in fluid communication with a fluid circuit of the downhole tool. The base may be selectively extendable from a housing of the downhole tool. The downhole tool may be a wireline tool, a drilling tool, a coiled tubing tool, a completions tool, a testing tool, and/or a production tool.
- In yet another aspect, the disclosure relates to a method of forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation. The method involves providing the downhole tool with a probe. The probe includes a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation, a base positionable about the downhole tool, a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore (the packer positionable on the base and having an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet), and a packer stopper for supporting the packer. The packer stopper extends from the base about a perimeter of the packer with an expansion gap is defined therebetween whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore. The method involves positioning the probe against the wall of the wellbore, and forming the seal between the packer and the wall of the wellbore by supporting the packer with the packer stopper while compressing the packer against the wall of the wellbore.
- The method may also involve forming the seal involves permitting the packer to expand into the expansion gap, establishing fluid communication between the subterranean formation and the probe inlet, drawing fluid from the subterranean formation into the downhole tool, securing the packer to the base, forming a seal between the packer and the probe inlet.
- This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
- Embodiments of the probe packer are described with reference to the following figures. The same numbers are used throughout the figures to reference like features and components.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wellsite having a downhole tool deployed into a wellbore, the downhole tool having a probe with a packer for sealing with a wall of the wellbore. -
FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic views of a portion of the downhole tool ofFIG. 1 depicting the probe in greater detail. -
FIGS. 3A and 3B are horizontal cross-sectional views of a portion of the probe ofFIG. 1 taken along line 3-3 in a non-engagement position and an engagement position, respectively. -
FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphical depictions of stresses along a packer obtained by computer modeling. -
FIGS. 5A and 5B are horizontal cross-sectional views of an alternate probe with a packer stopper. -
FIGS. 6A and 6B are longitudinal cross-sectional views of another alternate probe with a packer stopper. -
FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting a method of forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore. - The description that follows includes exemplary systems, apparatuses, methods, and instruction sequences that embody techniques of the subject matter herein. However, it is understood that the described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.
- The techniques herein relate to a probe and/or packer for sealing a downhole tool with a wellbore wall. The packer may be provided with a support extending therein and/or a packer stopper along a perimeter thereof to support the packer as the packer is pressed against the wellbore wall. The packer may also be configured to eliminate interference with an inlet of the probe extending through the packer. The probe and/or packer may be configured to achieve one or more of the following, among others: reduced wear, reduced damage, reduced failure, reduced leakage, enhanced sealing, etc.
-
FIG. 1 depicts awellsite 100 having arig 102 with adownhole tool 104 deployed into awellbore 106 therebelow. Thewellsite 100 is depicted as land-based, but could be offshore. Thedownhole tool 104 is depicted as a wireline tool, but could be any downhole tool (e.g., drilling, coiled tubing, completions, testing, production or other downhole tool). - The
downhole tool 104 is positionable in thewellbore 106 for drawingformation fluid 108 from a surroundingformation 110. Thedownhole tool 104 may have aprobe 112 positionable against awall 114 of thewellbore 106 for establishing fluid communication with theformation 110. Acake 116 that is formed from, for example, a drilling fluid such as mud may line thewall 114 of thewellbore 106. The formation fluid may be at a formation fluid pressure Pfor. Themud 116 may be at a mud pressure Pmud, for example, to prevent leakage offormation fluid 108 from theformation 110. - The
probe 112 has apacker 118 for sealing aninlet 120 for drawing fluid into thedownhole tool 104. Theprobe 112 may be configured with features for enhanced sealing engagement with thewall 114 of thewellbore 106 as will be described further herein. Theinlet 120 is positioned in thepacker 118 for receiving fluid from theformation 110. Theinlet 120 is in fluid communication with aflowline 122 extending through thedownhole tool 104 for fluid communication with various downhole components, such as apretest 124,sample chambers 126 and pump 128. -
FIG. 2A is a schematic view depicting theprobe 112 ofFIG. 1 in greater detail. Theprobe 112 has a base 130 optionally extendable from thedownhole tool 104 byarms 132. Thepacker 118 is depicted as a donut shaped member having anouter surface 134 for engaging thewall 114 of the wellbore 106 (andmud cake 116, if present). Theprobe 112 is depicted as having asingle packer 118 andinlet 120 in a specific configuration. However, it will be appreciated that one ormore packers 118 andinlets 120 in various shapes (e.g., square, rectangular, concave, etc.) may be provided. - The
inlet 120 extends through aninlet channel 136 extending through thepacker 118. Theinlet channel 136 is configured to facilitate receipt of theinlet 120 therein as will be described further herein. The base 130 may have upper andlower portions 138 a,b adjacent thepacker 118 for providing support thereto. Thepacker 118 may also be provided with internal and external support(s) as will be described further herein. -
FIG. 2B shows another view of thepacker 112 with the upper andlower portions 138 a,b removed to show asupport plate 239 positioned therebelow. Thesupport plate 239 is secured to thebase 130 bybolts 240. Thesupport plate 239 is configured to act as an internal support for thepacker 112 as will be described further herein. -
FIGS. 3A and 3B show a portion of theprobe 112 in greater detail.FIG. 3A shows theprobe 112 in non-engagement with thewall 114 of thewellbore 106.FIG. 3B shows theprobe 112 in engagement with thewall 114 of thewellbore 106. As shown in these views, the curvedouter surface 134 of thepacker 118 may be shaped to conform to thewall 114 of thewellbore 106. Thepacker 118 may be a flexible member made of, for example, an elastomeric material (e.g., rubber) compressible against thewall 114 of thewellbore 106 for sealing engagement therewith. - The
packer 118 may be adhered onto the base 130 using an epoxy, adhesive or other bonding agent.Support plate 239 may extend from thebase 130 for supporting thepacker 118. Thesupport plate 239 may be, for example, a metal component operatively connected to the base 130 as shown, or integral therewith. Thesupport plate 239 may have a raisedlip 342 forming a raised support ring along an inner diameter thereof extending a distance into thepacker 118 for retaining thepacker 118 in a desired position on thebase 130 and/or for supporting thepacker 118 in sealing engagement against thewall 114 of thewellbore 106. Thepacker 118 may be provided with aring channel 344 for receiving thesupport plate 239. - The
packer 118,ring channel 344 andsupport plate 239 may be configured to provide internal support to thepacker 118 as it is moved into engagement with thewall 114 of thewellbore 106 as shown inFIG. 3B . Thesupport plate 239 may extend into thepacker 118 to provide an inner mechanical structure to support thepacker 118 as it is pressed against thewall 114. Thepacker 118 may deform as it is pressed against thewall 114. Thesupport plate 239 may restrict the amount of deformation, thereby retaining thepacker 118 in a sealed position against thewall 114 and providing internal support. - The angle, length and shape of the
ring channel 344 andsupport plate 239 may be configured to enhance support of thepacker 118. As shown, the raisedlip 342 has an S-shaped configuration extending a horizontal distance d1 (e.g., from about 3 mm to about 30 mm) and a vertical distance d2(e.g., from about 3 mm to about 15 mm) into thepacker 118 at a first inward angle θ1 (e.g., from about 10 degrees to about 60 degrees) and a second inward angle θ2 (e.g., from about +60 degrees to about −60 degrees). As also shown, thesupport plate 239 extends into thepacker 118 from anouter perimeter 346 and from abase surface 348 of thepacker 118. While a specific configuration is depicted, it will be appreciated that thesupport plate 239 andring channel 344 may extend at various distances and angles in various shapes through various surfaces of thepacker 118. - The
inlet channel 136 of thepacker 118 has an outwardly taperedouter portion 350 adjacent theouter surface 134, and aninner portion 352 adjacent thebase surface 348, both shaped to receivingly engage theinlet 120. Theinlet channel 136 may taper outwardly at an angle α1 (e.g., from about 5 degrees to about 45 degrees) along the taperedouter portion 350 defining a diameter D1 (dependent on the diameter D2 which is about the same as the outer diameter of the probe inlet 120), and a height h (e.g from about 5 mm to about 20 mm) along theouter surface 134. At least a portion of the taperedouter portion 350 may taper at a desired angle to provide the desired space to allow insertion of theinlet 120 and/or sealing engagement thereabout. - The shape of the
inlet channel 136 may be configured to facilitate insertion of theinlet 120 into theinlet channel 136 in a manner that prevents damage to thepacker 118. As shown inFIG. 3A , the taperedouter portions 350 may be configured to provide space to facilitate insertion of theinlet 120 into thepacker 118 during non-engagement. The shape of theinlet channel 136 may also be configured to facilitate sealing between thepacker 118 and theinlet 120 when in the engagement position as shown inFIG. 3B . Theinlet channel 136 of thepacker 118 may close about theinlet 120 as thepacker 118 is compressed against thewall 114 of thewellbore 106. Once a seal is formed, fluid may flow from the formation into theinlet 120 as indicated by the arrows. - As shown in the graphs of
FIGS. 4A and 4B , thepacker 118 can experience various stresses when in use. As depicted by these figures, the shape of thepacker 118 is provided with thering channel 344 and the taperedinlet channel 136 that can receive increased stress. The mechanical structure of thesupport plate 239 and theinlet 120 may be positioned in the high stress regions of thepacker 118 to support thepacker 118 where it receives increased stresses. This configuration may be manipulated to address high stresses that can be experienced by thepacker 118 when in use, thereby helping to reduce potential damage, wear and/or failure relating to thepacker 118. -
FIGS. 5A-6B show various views ofalternate probes 512 a,b usable as theprobe 112 ofFIG. 1 . Thealternate probes 512 a,b havepackers 518 a,b bonded to thebase 130 of a downhole tool, such as thedownhole tool 104 ofFIG. 1 . Thealternate probes 512 a,b are also provided with perimeter (or external) supports, orpacker stoppers 556 a,b, positioned about aperimeter 546 a,b for providing support thereto. - As shown in a horizontal cross-section about the
wellbore 106 ofFIG. 5A , thealternate probe 512 a may have acylindrical packer 518 a with acylindrical inlet channel 536 a positioned on thebase 130. Thepacker stopper 556 a is a ring shaped member positioned on the base 130 about theperimeter 546 a of thepacker 518 a. Thepacker stopper 556 a has a triangular cross-section defining anouter surface 558 a at an angle aligned with theperimeter 546 a of thepacker 518 a shaped for alignment with thewall 114 of thewellbore 106. The triangular cross-section also defines aninner surface 560 a angled away from theperimeter 546 a of thepacker 518 a to provide agap 562 a therebetween. Thegap 562 a provides space to allow thepacker 518 a to expand as it is compressed against thewall 114 of thewellbore 106 as shown inFIG. 5B . Theinner surface 560 a may be at an angle β (e.g., from about 45 degrees to about 10 degrees) radially rotated a distance on either side of a centerline of theprobe 518 a and positioned along a radius r extending from an axis z of thewellbore 106. - As shown in a longitudinal cross-section about the
wellbore 106 ofFIG. 6A , thealternate probe 512 b may have apacker 518 b with atapered perimeter 546 b positioned on thebase 130. Thepacker stopper 556 b is a ring shaped member positioned on the base 130 about theperimeter 546 b of thepacker 518 b. Thepacker stopper 556 b has a trapezoidal cross-section defining anouter surface 558 b at a sloped angle to thebase 130. The trapezoidal cross-section also defines a flatinner surface 560 b to provide support to thepacker 518 b. Thetapered perimeter 546 b defines agap 562 b between thepacker 518 b and thepacker stopper 556 b. Thegap 562 b provides space to allow thepacker 518 b to expand as it is compressed against thewall 114 of thewellbore 106 as shown inFIG. 6B . Thetapered perimeter 546 b may be at a sloped angle y (e.g., from about 45 degrees to about 5 degrees) to theinner surface 560 b of thepacker stopper 556 b. -
FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting amethod 700 of forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore. The method involves providing 770 the downhole tool with a probe including a probe inlet, a base positionable about the downhole tool about the probe inlet, a packer positionable on the base, and a raised packer support ring and/or a packer stopper for supporting the packer. Themethod 700 further involves positioning 772 the probe against the wall of the wellbore; and forming 774 a seal between the packer and the wall of the wellbore by supporting the packer with the raised packer support and/or the packer stopper while compressing the packer against the wall of the wellbore. Themethod 700 may also involve other steps, such as establishing fluid communication between the subterranean formation and the probe inlet and drawing fluid from the subterranean formation into the downhole tool. The steps may be performed in any order and repeated as desired. - While the embodiments are described with reference to various implementations and exploitations, it will be understood that these embodiments are illustrative and that the scope of the inventive subject matter is not limited to them. Many variations, modifications, additions and improvements are possible. For example, one or more probes, packers, and one or more internal and/or external packer support rings may be provided.
- Plural instances may be provided for components, operations or structures described herein as a single instance. In general, structures and functionality presented as separate components in the exemplary configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of the inventive subject matter.
- Although only a few example embodiments have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the example embodiments without materially departing from this invention. Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the following claims. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures. Thus, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw may be equivalent structures. It is the express intention of the applicant not to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6 for any limitations of any of the claims herein, except for those in which the claim expressly uses the words ‘means for’ together with an associated function.
Claims (21)
1. A downhole tool comprising a probe for forming a seal between the downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, comprising:
a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation;
a base positionable about the downhole tool, the base having a raised packer support ring extending therefrom; and
a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore, the packer positionable on the base and having an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet, the packer having a support channel extending a distance therein for receiving the raised packer support whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore.
2. The downhole tool of claim 1 , wherein the packer has a donut shaped body.
3. The downhole tool of claim 1 , wherein the support channel extends into the packer from an outer perimeter downhole tool or into the packer from a base surface of the packer.
4. The downhole tool of claim 1 , wherein the packer support ring comprises a plate operatively connectable to the base or is integral with the base.
5. The downhole tool of claim 1 , wherein the packer support ring comprises a raised lip on an inner diameter thereof or a raised lip on an inner diameter thereof having an S-shaped cross-section.
6. The downhole tool of claim 1 , wherein the inlet channel has an outwardly tapered outer portion adjacent an outer surface of the packer or an inwardly tapered inner portion adjacent a base surface of the packer.
7. The downhole tool of claim 1 , wherein the probe inlet is in fluid communication with a fluid circuit of the downhole tool.
8. The downhole tool of claim 1 , wherein the base is selectively extendable from a housing of the downhole tool.
9. The downhole tool of claim 1 , wherein the downhole tool is one of a wireline tool, a drilling tool, a coiled tubing tool, a completions tool, a testing tool, a production tool and combinations thereof.
10. A method of forming a seal between a downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
providing the downhole tool with a probe, the probe comprising:
a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation;
a base positionable about the downhole tool, the base having a raised packer support ring extending therefrom; and
a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore, the packer positionable on the base and having an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet, the packer having a support channel extending a distance therein for receiving the raised packer support whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore;
positioning the probe against the wall of the wellbore; and
forming the seal between the packer and the wall of the wellbore by supporting the packer with the raised packer support ring while compressing the packer against the wall of the wellbore.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising establishing fluid communication between the subterranean formation and the probe inlet.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising drawing fluid from the subterranean formation into the downhole tool.
13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising securing the packer to the base.
14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising forming a seal between the packer and the inlet.
15. A downhole tool comprising a probe for forming a seal between the downhole tool and a wall of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, comprising:
a probe inlet extending from the downhole tool for fluid communication with the subterranean formation;
a base positionable about the downhole tool;
a packer for forming the seal with the wall of the wellbore, the packer positionable on the base and having an inlet channel extending therethrough for receiving the probe inlet; and
a packer stopper for supporting the packer, the packer stopper extending from the base about a perimeter of the packer with an expansion gap defined therebetween whereby the packer is supported as it is compressed against the wall of the wellbore.
16. The downhole tool of claim 15 , wherein the packer stopper has a ring shaped body with a triangular cross-section or a trapezoidal cross-section.
17. The downhole tool of claim 15 , wherein the perimeter of the probe is tapered away from the packer stopper and an inner diameter of the packer stopper is flat, or the perimeter of the probe is flat and an inner diameter of the packer stopper is tapered away from the perimeter of the packer.
18. The downhole tool of claim 15 , wherein the probe inlet is in fluid communication with a fluid circuit of the downhole tool.
19. The downhole tool of claim 15 , wherein the base is selectively extendable from a housing of the downhole tool.
20. The downhole tool of claim 15 , wherein the downhole tool is one of a wireline tool, a drilling tool, a coiled tubing tool, a completions tool, a testing tool, a production tool and combinations thereof.
21-26. (canceled)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP11290552.6A EP2599954A3 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2011-11-30 | Probe packer and method of using same |
EP11290552.6 | 2011-11-30 | ||
PCT/US2012/063767 WO2013081782A1 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2012-11-07 | Probe packer and method of using same |
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US20140318817A1 true US20140318817A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
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US14/361,969 Abandoned US20140318817A1 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2012-11-07 | Probe Packer and Method of Using Same |
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US (1) | US20140318817A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2599954A3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013081782A1 (en) |
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US9777572B2 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2017-10-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Multi-probe reservoir sampling device |
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US7128144B2 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2006-10-31 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Formation testing and sampling apparatus and methods |
US7216533B2 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2007-05-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for using a formation tester |
US20080295588A1 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Van Zuilekom Anthony H | Formation tester tool seal pad |
US20120111632A1 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2012-05-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Formation tester pad |
US8220536B2 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2012-07-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole fluid communication apparatus and method |
Family Cites Families (5)
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US3295615A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1967-01-03 | Schlumberger Well Surv Corp | Formation-testing apparatus |
KR100522547B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2005-10-19 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method for manufacturing insulating layer in semiconductor device |
US7121338B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2006-10-17 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc | Probe isolation seal pad |
US7458419B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2008-12-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus and method for formation evaluation |
US7114385B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2006-10-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus and method for drawing fluid into a downhole tool |
-
2011
- 2011-11-30 EP EP11290552.6A patent/EP2599954A3/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-11-07 WO PCT/US2012/063767 patent/WO2013081782A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-11-07 US US14/361,969 patent/US20140318817A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7128144B2 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2006-10-31 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Formation testing and sampling apparatus and methods |
US7216533B2 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2007-05-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for using a formation tester |
US8220536B2 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2012-07-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole fluid communication apparatus and method |
US20080295588A1 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Van Zuilekom Anthony H | Formation tester tool seal pad |
US7584655B2 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2009-09-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Formation tester tool seal pad |
US20120111632A1 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2012-05-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Formation tester pad |
US9085964B2 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2015-07-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Formation tester pad |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2599954A2 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
WO2013081782A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
EP2599954A3 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
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