US20140307672A1 - Apparatus and method for enabling low latency transmissions in the uplink of a communication system - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for enabling low latency transmissions in the uplink of a communication system Download PDF

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US20140307672A1
US20140307672A1 US14/313,516 US201414313516A US2014307672A1 US 20140307672 A1 US20140307672 A1 US 20140307672A1 US 201414313516 A US201414313516 A US 201414313516A US 2014307672 A1 US2014307672 A1 US 2014307672A1
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rbs
transmission
dci format
pusch
rbg
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Aris Papasakellariou
Gert-Jan van Lieshout
Soeng-Hun Kim
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A method is provided for transmitting signals in an uplink channel by a UE in a communication system. Downlink control information including information indicating second frequency resources is received from a base station. The UE determines first frequency resources for transmission of the signals in the uplink channel from the information indicating the second frequency resources. The UE transmits the signals in the uplink channel using the first frequency resources.

Description

    PRIORITY
  • This application is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/004,413, filed at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Jan. 11, 2011, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/293,855, entitled “Enabling Low Latency of Transmission in the Uplink of a Communication System”, which was filed on Jan. 11, 2010, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • The present invention is directed to wireless communication systems and, more particularly, to enabling on-demand transmissions of data signals in the uplink of a communication system without explicit respective scheduling assignments.
  • 2. Description of the Art
  • A communication system consists of the DownLink (DL), conveying transmissions of signals from a base station (NodeB) to User Equipments (UEs), and of the UpLink (UL), conveying transmissions of signals from UEs to the NodeB. A UE, also commonly referred to as a terminal or a mobile station, may be fixed or mobile and may be a wireless device, a cellular phone, a personal computer device, etc. A NodeB is generally a fixed station and may also be referred to as a Base Transceiver System (BTS), an access point, or some other terminology.
  • The DL supports the transmission of data signals carrying the information content, control signals providing information associated with the transmission of data signals, and Reference Signals (RSs) which are also known as pilot signals. The UL also supports the transmission of data signals, control signals, and RSs.
  • DL data signals are conveyed through a Physical Downlink Shared CHannel (PDSCH). UL data signals are conveyed through a Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH). DL control channels may be of broadcast or UE-specific nature. Broadcast control channels convey system information to all UEs and, depending on their transmission rate, include a Primary Broadcast CHannel (P-BCH), which conveys the Master Information Block (MIB), and Secondary Broadcast CHannels (S-BCH), which convey Secondary Information Blocks (SIBs). The SIBs are further distinguished into SIB1 and SIB-x, x>1. UE-specific control channels can be used to provide Scheduling Assignments (SAs) for PDSCH reception (DL SAs) or PUSCH transmission (UL SAs), as well as for other purposes. The SAs are transmitted from the NodeB to respective UEs using Downlink Control Information (DCI) formats through respective Physical Downlink Control CHannels (PDCCHs). In the absence of PUSCH transmissions, a UE conveys Uplink Control Information (UCI) through a Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH), otherwise, the UE may convey UCI together with data information through the PUSCH.
  • In addition to providing DL SAs or UL SAs, DCI formats may provide common DCI for multiple UEs including:
  • a) Transmission Power Control (TPC) commands for PUSCH or PUCCH transmissions.
  • b) Scheduling information for a response to Random Access CHannels (RACH) from UEs (RACH response).
  • c) Scheduling information for a Paging CHannel (PCH).
  • d) Scheduling System Information (SI) for SIB1 transmissions. An SIB-x, x>1, transmission is scheduled through SIB1 while the MIB transmission always occurs at a predetermined time and frequency position.
  • DCI formats providing common DCI for multiple UEs are transmitted in PDCCH resources monitored by all UEs. DCI formats providing UE-specific DCI are transmitted in UE-specific PDCCH resources.
  • The DL or UL Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is assumed to be one sub-frame, and 10 sub-frames constitute one frame as illustrated in FIG. 1. One sub-frame has duration of 1 millisecond (1 msec) 110 and one frame has duration of 10 msec 120. It is further assumed that the MIB transmission in the P-BCH is in sub-frame 0, the SIB1 transmission in the S-BCH is in sub-frame 5, and PCH transmissions may be in sub-frames 0, 4, 5 and 9.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the coding and transmission of a DCI format by the NodeB. A CRC of (non-coded) DCI format bits 210 is first computed in block 220 and it is then masked with Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) bits 240 using an exclusive OR (XOR) operation 0 in block 230. The CRC and the RNTI are assumed to have the same size such as, for example, 16 bits. It is XOR(0,0)=0, XOR(0,1)=1, XOR(1,0)=1, XOR(1,1)=0. The masked CRC is appended to the information bits of a DCI format in block 250, channel coding, such as convolutional coding, is performed in block 260, followed by rate matching to the allocated PDCCH resources in block 270, and finally by interleaving, modulation, and transmission of control signal 290 in block 280.
  • If the DCI format conveys a DL SA or an UL SA, the RNTI is a Cell-RNTI (C-RNTI). DCI formats 3/3A use the TPC-RNTI, and DCI format 1C uses the RA-RNTI for the RACH response, the P-RNTI for the PCH, and the SI-RNTI for SIB1. Then, after descrambling with the respective RNTI, a UE can determine whether a DCI format is intended for it by performing a CRC check.
  • The UE receiver performs the reverse operations of the NodeB transmitter to determine whether the UE has an assigned DCI format. This is illustrated in FIG. 3. A received control signal 310 corresponding to a candidate DCI format is demodulated, and the resulting bits are de-interleaved in block 320. The rate matching applied at the NodeB transmitter is restored in block 330, and the bits are decoded in block 340. After decoding, DCI format bits 360 are obtained after extracting CRC bits in block 350, which are then de-masked at 370 by applying the XOR operation with assumed RNTI 380. Finally, the UE performs a CRC test in block 390. If the CRC test passes, the UE considers the DCI format as a valid one and may further act depending on DCI format information and the type of its RNTI. If the CRC test does not pass, the UE disregards the presumed DCI format.
  • A PUSCH sub-frame structure is shown in FIG. 4. A sub-frame 410 includes two slots. Each slot 420 includes seven symbols used for the transmission of data and/or control information. Each symbol 430 further includes a Cyclic Prefix (CP) in order to mitigate interference due to channel propagation effects. The PUSCH transmission in one slot may be in the same part or at a different part of the operating BandWidth (BW) than in the other slot and this will be referred to as Frequency Hopping (FH). Some symbols in each slot may be used for RS transmission 440 in order to provide channel estimation and enable coherent demodulation of the received data or control signal. The transmission BW is assumed to include frequency resource units, which will be referred to herein as Resource Blocks (RBs). Each RB is assumed to consist of Nsc RB=12 sub-carriers, also referred to as Resource Elements (REs). UEs are allocated one or more (consecutive or non-consecutive) RBs 450 for PUSCH transmission.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a UE transmitter block diagram for the PUSCH. Coded data bits 510 are provided to a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) block 520, the REs corresponding to the assigned transmission BW are selected through subcarrier mapping in block 530 through control of localized FDMA 540. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) is performed in block 550 and a CP is inserted in block 560 and filtering through time windowing is applied in block 570 for a transmitted signal 580. For brevity, additional transmitter circuitry such as a digital-to-analog converter, analog filters, amplifiers, and transmitter antennas are not illustrated. Also, the encoding and modulation process for the data bits are omitted for brevity. The PUSCH signal transmission is assumed to be over clusters of contiguous REs in accordance with the DFT Spread Orthogonal Division Frequency Multiple Access (DFT-S-OFDMA) method, allowing signal transmission over one cluster 590 (also known as Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)), or over multiple non-contiguous clusters of contiguous BW as shown by 595.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a NodeB receiver block diagram for the PUSCH. After an antenna receives a Radio-Frequency (RF) analog signal and after further processing units (such as filters, amplifiers, frequency down-converters, and analog-to-digital converters), which are not shown for brevity, a digital signal 610 is filtered through time windowing in block 620 and the CP is removed in block 630. Subsequently, the NodeB receiver applies a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in block 640, selects the REs used by the UE transmitter through subcarrier mapping in block 660 under control of reception bandwidth in block 650. An Inverse DFT (IDFT) is applied in block 670, and modulated and coded data bits 680 are obtained. As for the UE transmitter, well known NodeB receiver functionalities such as channel estimation, demodulation, and decoding are not shown for brevity.
  • One of several possible DCI formats is referred to as DCI format 0, which is described in Table 1 through a set of Information Elements (IEs) for operating BWs of NRB UL=6/25/50/100 RBs. Additional IEs or different number of bits per IE than those in Table 1 may apply. Zero padding may be included in DCI format 0, if needed, in order to make its size equal to the size of a DL SA DCI format (DCI format 1A). DCI format 1A may be used for scheduling transmissions of PCH, RACH response, or SIB.
  • TABLE 1
    IEs for DCI Format 0 for BW of 6/25/50/100 RBs.
    Information Element Number of Bits Comment
    DCI Format
    1 Indicate Format 0 or
    Indication Flag Format 1A
    Resource Allocation
    5/9/11/13 For Consecutive RBs
    (RA)
    Modulation-Coding 5 Up to 32 MCS Levels
    Scheme (MCS)
    New Data Indicator 1 New TB transmission
    (NDI) (Yes/No)
    Transmission Power 2 Transmission power
    Control (TPC) control command
    Cyclic Shift 3 CSI for RS transmission
    Indicator (CSI)
    Frequency Hopping 1 Frequency Hopping
    (FH) (Yes/No)
    CQI Request 1 Include CQI in PUSCH
    (Yes/No)
    Resource Allocation 1 Contiguous or
    Type Non-contiguous
    Zero Padding
    1/1/1/0 DCI format 0 = DCI
    format 1A
    CRC (C-RNTI) 16  C-RNTI masks the CRC
    TOTAL 37/41/43/44
  • The first IE provides flag differentiating between DCI Format 0 and DCI Format 1A, which are designed to have the same size.
  • The second IE provides Resource Allocation (RA) in RBs assuming contiguous transmission BW. For a total of NRB UL RBs, the number of possible contiguous RB allocations is 1+2+ . . . +NRB UL=NRB UL(NRB UL+1)/2 and can be signaled with └log2(NRB UL(NRB UL+1)/2)┐ bits; where └ ┐ denotes the ceiling operation which rounds a number to its next higher integer.
  • The third IE provides a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS). For example, the modulation may be QPSK, QAM16, or QAM64, while the coding rate may take discrete values between 1/16 and 1.
  • The fourth IE is the New Data Indicator (NDI). If the NDI IE is set to 1, a new Transport Block (TB) is transmitted. If the NDI IE is set to 0 the same TB is transmitted as in a previous transmission (synchronous HARQ is assumed for PUSCH transmissions).
  • The fifth IE provides a Transmit Power Control (TPC) command for PUSCH transmission power adjustments.
  • The sixth IE provides a Cyclic Shift (CS) Indicator (CSI), which indicates the CS for a Constant Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation (CAZAC) sequence used for RS transmission.
  • The seventh IE indicates whether frequency hopping applies to the PUSCH transmission.
  • The eighth IE indicates whether the UE should include a DL Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report in the PUSCH.
  • The ninth IE indicates whether the PUSCH transmission is over a contiguous or non-contiguous BW. The RA IE needs to be re-interpreted in the latter case, but the specifics are not material to the invention and are omitted for brevity.
  • DCI format 1C is described in Table 2 through a set of IEs for a DL operating BW of NRB DL=6/25/50/100 RBs.
  • TABLE 2
    DCI Format 1C IEs for Scheduling PCH,
    RACH Response, or SIB1 Transmissions.
    Information Element Number of Bits Comment
    RB Gap
    0/0/1/1 Gap Configuration
    Resource Allocation
    3/7/7/9 Restricted Assignment
    of DL RBs
    MCS
     5 Up to 32 MCS Levels
    CRC (RNTI) 16 RNTI for RA or SI or
    PI masks the CRC
    TOTAL 24/28/29/31
  • The first IE indicates the gap value Ngap with Ngap=Ngap,1 or Ngap=Ngap,2. Ngap,1 and Ngap,2 are integer values that depend on the system BW and, for brevity, they are not further described as they are not relevant to the invention. It is assumed that for NRB DL<50 RBs, it is always Ngap=Ngap,1 and the RB Gap IE is only used for NRB DL≧50 RBs.
  • The second IE provides the resource allocation for PDSCH RBs using └log2(└NVRB,gap1 DL/NRB step┐·(└NVB,gap2 DL/NRB step┐+1)/2)┐ bits where:
  • a) NRB step=2 for 6≦NRB DL<50 and NRB step=4 for 50≦NRB DL≦110 and
  • b) NVRB,gap1 DL=2·min(Ngap, NRB DL−Ngap) for Ngap=Ngap,1 and NVRB,gap2 DL=└NRB DL/2Ngap┐·2Ngap for Ngap=Ngap,2.
  • Because NVRB,gap1 DL≦NVRB,gap2 DL, the number of RA bits are reserved assuming NVRB,gap1 DL. The RA specifies:
  • a) the starting RB, RBstep, in steps of NRB step RBs, with RBstart=0, NRB step, 2NRB step, . . . , (└NVRB DL/NRB step┐−1)NRB step, and
  • b) the length, LCREs, in virtually contiguous RBs, with LCREs=NRB step, 2NRB step, . . . , └NVRB DL/NRB step┐NRB step.
  • An important metric for communication quality that a UE experiences is user plane latency (also known as transport delay), which is defined as the one-way transit time between a Service Data Unit (SDU) packet being available at the Internet Protocol (IP) layer at the UE (or NodeB) and the availability of this packet (Protocol Data Unit, or PDU) at IP layer at the NodeB (or UE). User plane packet delay includes a delay introduced by associated protocols and control signaling for a UE that has synchronized with the NodeB and is in the active state. Advanced communication systems aim to achieve user plane latency less than 10 msec in unloaded conditions (single UE with a single data stream) for small IP packets.
  • A UL synchronized UE can request a PUSCH transmission by sending a Scheduling Request (SR) on the PUCCH. As the SR transmission is over 1 sub-frame, the shortest SR transmission period is 1 sub-frame. However, to avoid unnecessary SR transmissions, the shortest SR transmission period may also depend on the time period from a time a UE initiates an SR transmission until a time the UE receives an UL SA, at which point the UE knows that the SR was received by the NodeB. The end-to-end process consists of the following steps:
  • a) UE transmits a SR over 1 sub-frame (1 msec); and
  • b) NodeB receives the SR, generates and transmits an UL SA, and the UE receives and decodes the UL SA (4 msec).
  • Assuming that the shortest possible SR transmission period to avoid multiple SR transmissions for the same purpose is 5 msec, the user plane latency is 11.5 msec since the following delays should be included in addition to the previous delays:
  • a) Average delay to next SR transmission opportunity—2.5 msec (for SR transmission period of 5 msec);
  • b) UE processing delay of UL SA—if the UL SA is received in sub-frame n, PUSCH transmission is in sub-frame n+4, giving 3 msec for UE processing time; and
  • c) PUSCH transmission from UE over 1 sub-frame—(1 msec).
  • Table 3 summarizes the previously described delays.
  • TABLE 3
    User Plane Latency for SR Transmission Period of 5 msec.
    Description Delay (msec)
    UE: Average Delay for next SR Opportunity 2.5
    UE: SR Transmission (1 sub-frame) 1
    NodeB: SR Reception, SA generation and 4
    transmission (3 sub-frames)
    UE: SA reception, PUSCH generation and 4
    transmission (4 sub-frames)
    TOTAL 11.5
  • One approach to reduce user plane latency is to reduce the SR transmission period. For example, reducing the SR transmission period to 1 msec would reduce the user plane latency to 9.5 msec. However, as previously mentioned, the shortest SR transmission period until a UE can know whether its SR was correctly received by the NodeB is 5 msec. Also, a shorter SR transmission period, such as 1 msec or 2 msec, increases the PUCCH overhead as a unique SR resource should be assigned to each UE to avoid potential SR collisions. Also, as the SR transmission period is assigned to a UE through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling at connection setup, its fast adaptation is not possible. RRC signaling or Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling will be referred to as higher layer signaling to differentiate such signaling from PDCCH signaling which is through the physical layer.
  • Another approach to reduce user plane latency would be to reduce the UE and NodeB processing delays. However, this is associated with substantially higher implementation cost, which is not desirable.
  • Another approach to reduce user plane latency is to have Contention-Based (CB) PUSCH transmissions which are generated without prior SR transmission and without a UE-specific UL SA. For CB-PUSCH transmissions, UEs need to be informed by the NodeB of at least a set of available UL RBs. One way to achieve this is through a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a CB-RNTI. A UE needs to know its CB-RNTI in advance and multiple UEs may share the same CB-RNTI. Therefore, collisions may occur as multiple UEs, sharing the same CB-RNTI, may attempt CB-PUSCH transmissions in the same RBs and in the same sub-frame. However, CB-PUSCH transmissions can substantially reduce user plane latency as the delays due to SR transmission by the UE and SR processing and UL SA generation and transmission by the NodeB are avoided. As the NodeB does not know which UE, if any, may have CB-PUSCH transmission, a UE can add its C-RNTI to its MAC PDU. The delay components for CB-PUSCH transmission are summarized in Table 4. Over 50% reduction relative to SR-based PUSCH transmission is achieved (for 5 msec SR transmission period).
  • TABLE 4
    User Plane Latency for SR Transmission Period of 5 msec.
    Description Delay (msec)
    UE: Average Delay for beginning of next sub-frame 0.5
    UE: PDCCH with CB-RNTI Reception 5
    UE: PUSCH generation and transmission (4 sub-frames)
    TOTAL 5.5
  • Therefore, there is a need to define the IEs for a DCI format supporting CB-PUSCH transmissions for various operating BWs.
  • There is another need to define methods for assigning RBs to CB-PUSCH transmissions using a DCI format.
  • Further, there is need to support CB-PUSCH transmissions while minimizing the associated signaling overhead and UE power consumption.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention has been made to address at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below. Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention provides methods and apparatus for a UE to obtain frequency resources for the transmissions of signals in a PUSCH.
  • According to one aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for transmitting signals in an uplink channel by a UE in a communication system. Downlink control information including information indicating second frequency resources is received from a base station. The UE determines first frequency resources for transmission of the signals in the uplink channel from the information indicating the second frequency resources. The UE transmits the signals in the uplink channel using the first frequency resources.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a frame structure consisting of ten sub-frames;
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the coding and transmission of a DCI format;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the reception and decoding of a DCI format;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a PUSCH sub-frame structure;
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a UE transmitter for the PUSCH;
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a NodeB receiver for the PUSCH;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the indication of each RB in the operating BW for CB-PUSCH transmission, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the indication of each RBG in the operating BW for CB-PUSCH transmission using 2 RBs per RBG, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the indication of each RBG for CB-PUSCH transmission, using 2 RBs per RBG, without addressing RBs at each end of the operating BW, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the indication of each RB for CB-PUSCH transmission in the first sub-frame slot and in the first half of the operating BW where the RBs for the transmission in the second slot are implicitly determined using frequency hopping, according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the indication of a set of RBs, which is a sub-set of the RBs in the operating BW using RBGs and FH for the CB-PUSCH transmission, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
  • Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same or similar components may be designated by the same or similar reference numerals although they are illustrated in different drawings. Detailed descriptions of constructions or processes known in the art may be omitted to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the present invention. This invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
  • Additionally, although the present invention is described in relation to a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) communication system, it also applies to all Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) systems in general and to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), OFDM, FDMA, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-spread OFDM, DFT-spread OFDMA, SCOFDMA, and SC-OFDM in particular.
  • Embodiments of the present invention consider that a DCI format is used to enable CB-PUSCH transmissions (hereinafter referred to as DCI format 1F) and the only information provided to UEs is the RBs available for CB-PUSCH transmission. The CRC of DCI format 1F is scrambled with a CB-RNTI. The CB-RNTI is either:
  • a) informed to UEs through UE-specific RRC signaling to provide flexibility for potentially allocating different CB-RNTIs to different UEs, or
  • b) informed to UEs in advance through a SIB, if all UEs share the same CB-RNTIs
  • If multiple CB-RNTIs are broadcasted, a UE may randomly select a CB-RNTI, for example, using a pseudo-random function having the C-RNTI as an input.
  • Embodiments of the present invention will be described with respect to a UE-specific CB-RNTI but the same design principles directly apply in case of UE-common CB-RNTI.
  • Referring to the DCI format 0 IEs described in Table 1, the following modifications apply for DCI format 1F:
  • a) The differentiating flag IE is not needed as the CB-RNTI indicates the type of the DCI format.
  • b) The RA IE is needed for DCI format 1F and will be subsequently described in detail.
  • c) The MCS IE is not needed because the NodeB cannot know in advance which UEs will have CB-PUSCH transmission. Instead, the MCS can be fixed or, alternatively, the UE can select from a small set of predetermined MCS, which may also be fixed or broadcasted by the NodeB. Allowing the MCS to be variable may require multiple CB-PUSCH receiver chains at the NodeB, but this extra complexity is only limited to the digital domain and is under the NodeB control by setting the maximum allowed CB-PUSCH transmissions per sub-frame. Additionally, increasing the CB-PUSCH receiver chains by a factor equal to the number of the potential MCS for a CB-PUSCH transmission may be avoided through implementation-specific means. For example, based on the received RS power in the CB-PUSCH, the NodeB may consider MCS only in a sub-set of the set of possible CB-PUSCH MCS.
  • d) The NDI IE is not needed as a CB-PUSCH transmission is always for a new TB.
  • e) The TPC IE is not needed because the NodeB cannot know in advance which UEs will attempt CB-PUSCH transmission. Such a UE can choose to use, for example, the same transmission power as for a previous PUSCH transmission.
  • The CSI IE is not needed as the invention considers that Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) does not apply to CB-PUSCH transmissions and therefore there is no need to provide multiple orthogonal RS using respectively multiple CS. A UE with CB-PUSCH transmission can use a CS determined through cell-specific parameters including, for example, a CS value broadcasted by the NodeB. Alternatively, the CS value may be predetermined. The UE may treat the CSI IE as having the zero value.
  • g) The FH IE is not needed. Embodiments of the present invention consider that the application of FH to CB-PUSCH transmissions is either broadcasted by the NodeB or it is predetermined. For example, if the NodeB considers the UL channel medium to be frequency selective, it may indicate that FH should apply. Alternatively, FH may always apply to provide frequency diversity as frequency domain scheduling of CB-PUSCH transmissions is not possible or the application of FH may depend on the operating BW (FH is used for larger BWs). The use of FH may also be associated with the size of the DCI format 1F, as it is subsequently described.
  • h) The CQI Request IE is not needed. The CB-PUSCH transmission may be predetermined to never include CQI.
  • i) The Resource Allocation Type IE, which is meaningful for PUSCH transmissions with more than 1 RB, is not needed as, similar to the FH IE, CB-PUSCH transmission over contiguous or non-contiguous BW can either be informed to a UE through broadcasted or UE-specific RRC signaling by the NodeB or be predetermined.
  • j) In case of multiple UE transmitter antennas, the UE may only apply transmission diversity methods transparent to the NodeB, and Spatial Multiplexing (SM) is not used with CB-PUSCH transmissions.
  • In order for the UE to not increase the number of PDCCH decoding operations it needs to perform per sub-frame, the size of DCI format 1F is chosen to be the same as the size of DCI format 0/1A or the same as the size of DCI format 1C.
  • If DCI format 1F has the same size as DCI format 0/1A then, based on the above design principles for DCI format 1F and on the description of DCI format 0/1A in Table 1, the IEs for DCI format 1F are described in Table 5.
  • TABLE 5
    IEs in DCI Format 1F for CB-PUSCH Transmissions −
    size of 1F = size of 0/1A.
    Information Element Number of Bits Comment
    Resource Allocation
    21/25/27/28 Available Number of
    (RA) Bits for RA
    CRC (CB-RNTI) 16 CB-RNTI masks the CRC
    TOTAL 37/41/43/44 For 6/25/50/100 RBs,
    respectively
  • If DCI format 1F has the same size as DCI format 1C then, based on the above design principles for DCI format 1F and on the description of DCI format 1C in Table 2, the IEs for DCI format 1F are described in Table 6.
  • TABLE 6
    IEs in DCI Format 1F for CB-PUSCH Transmissions −
    size of 1F = size of 1C.
    Information Element Number of Bits Comment
    Resource Allocation
    8/12/13/15 Available Number of
    (RA) Bits for RA
    CRC (CB-RNTI) 16 CB-RNTI masks the CRC
    TOTAL 24/28/29/31 For 25/50/100 RBs,
    respectively
  • The tradeoff between making the size of DCI format 1F equal to the size of DCI format 0/1A or equal to the size of DCI format 1C is the increased granularity for the RA IE in the former case, as a larger number of bits is available, at the expense of a larger size for DCI format 1F which results to increased overhead and reduced coverage area for the transmission of DCI format 1F with a required reliability.
  • The requirement for the RA granularity is subsequently described considering that the requirement for reduced user plane latency, and therefore for CB-PUSCH transmissions, is for the transmission of small packets requiring a small number of RBs, such as 1 to 3 RBs, with a relatively low MCS. As it is desirable to minimize the size of the DCI format used for CB-PUSCH transmissions, particularly for small operating BWs, it is first considered that the size of DCI format 1F is equal to the size of DCI format 1C and Table 6 will be used as reference for the size of the RA IE. For simplicity, the DL operating BW is assumed to be the same as the UL operating BW; the embodiments of the invention can be extended in a straightforward manner to the case of the DL operating BW being different than the UL operating BW.
  • For small operating BWs, each RB can be indicated for CB-PUSCH transmission each RB even when the size of DCI format 1F is equal to the size of DCI format 1C. For example, for NRB UL=6 RBs, there are 8 bits available for RA and a bitmap of 6 bits can indicate each RB available for CB-PUSCH transmission. The bitmap bits may be, for example, the first 6 bits of the RA IE and the remaining bits can either be set to 0 or be used for other functionalities.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the indication of each RB in the operating BW for CB-PUSCH transmission, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The UL BW consists of NRB UL=6 RBs 710 and the bitmap using the first 6 bits of the RA IE 720 indicates (through a bit value of 1) that RB1 and RB4 are available for CB-PUSCH transmissions in the respective UL sub-frame.
  • For medium operating BWs, the number of RBs becomes larger than the number of RA IE bits. For example, for NRB UL=25 RBs, the RA IE has 12 bits. Two methods are considered to address this issue. With the first method, the RBs are assumed to be combined in RB Groups (RBGs) consisting of multiple, consecutive or non-consecutive, RBs. With the second method, only half of the NRB UL RBs are indicated for CB-PUSCH transmission by the RA IE of DCI format 1F and FH is assumed to apply. The NodeB ensures the availability of RBs not indicated by the RA IE in DCI format 1F and used for FH of a CB-PUSCH transmission. These RBs may be symmetric relative to the middle of the operating BW or they may be at the same position in the first and second halves of the operating BW as in 3GPP E-UTRA LTE.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the first method where an RBG consists of P=2 consecutive RBs, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The total number of RBGs is NRBG=└NRE UL/P┐ where └NRE UL/P┐ of the RBGs are of size P RBs and, if NRB ULmodP>0, then one of the RBGs is of size NRB UL−P·└NRB UL/P┐ RBs. The bitmap size is NRBG bits with one bitmap bit per RBG so that each RBG is addressable. The RBGs can be indexed in order of increasing frequency with non-increasing RBG sizes starting at the lowest frequency (RBG 0 is mapped to the MSB and RBG NRBG−1 is mapped to the LSB of the bitmap). An RBG is allocated to a UE if the respective bit value in the bitmap is 1; otherwise, the RBG is not allocated. For NRB UL=25 RBs 810 and P=2 RBs 820, there are NRBG=└25/2┐=13 RBGs 830 with the first 12 RBGs consisting of 2 RBs and a last RBG 835 consisting of 1 RB. Since the RA IE of DCI format 1F has 12 bits, the last RBG 835 consisting of 1 RB may not be addressed and may not be used for CB-PUSCH transmissions. In FIG. 8, the RA IE provides a bitmap 840 with 12 bits and indicates RBG3 850 and RBG10 855 for CB-PUSCH transmission.
  • It is possible for the RA IE in DCI format 1F to exclude RBs at the two ends of the operating BW that are typically used for PUCCH transmissions or other transmissions, such as SPS transmissions, as these RBs may not be available for CB-PUSCH transmissions. This will effectively reduce the number of RBs, or RBGs, the RA IE in DCI format 1F needs to address. Defining a total number of RBs for scheduled PUSCH transmissions as NRB PUSCH=NRB UL−NRB HO, where the parameter “PUSCH-HoppingOffset” NRB HO is provided to UEs either by broadcast signaling or through UE-specific RRC signaling, the RA IE in DCI format 1F needs only address NRB PUSCH RBs, instead of NRB UL RBs.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the indication of each RBG for CB-PUSCH transmission, using 2 RBs per RBG, without addressing RBs at each end of the operating BW, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 9 illustrates the above principle where for NRB UL=25 RBs 910, P=2 RBs, and NRB HO=4 RBs 920, 925, it is NRB PUSCH=21 RBs 930, and the 12 bits in the RA IE are sufficient to provide a bitmap with 11 bits 950 to address all NRBG=└NRB PUSCH/P┐=11 RBGs 940.
  • For the second method, in one example for FH, the CB-PUSCH transmission in the first slot of the sub-frame is at the RBs specified by the RA IE and the CB-PUSCH transmission in the second sub-frame slot is at an equal number of RBs whose starting point is obtained by adding └NRB PUSCH/2┐ to the starting point of the RBs in the first slot, where the starting point is from 0 until └NRB PUSCH/2┐−1 and └ ┐ is the “floor” operation which rounds a number to its immediately lower integer. This is illustrated in FIG. 10, according to an embodiment of the present invention, where NRB UL=25 RBs 1010, NRB HO=4 RBs 1020 which are equally divided on each side of the BW NRB PUSCH=21 RBs 1030, a total of 2 RBs 1040 are allocated to the CB-PUSCH transmission by the reference UE starting from RB6 1050 in the first slot and RB16 1060 in the second slot. Several other realizations of the FH operation are also possible but are not described for brevity as the particular FH realization is not material to the second method of the present invention. As in FIG. 9, it is observed that the 12 bits in the RA IE of DCI format 1F for NRB UL=25 are sufficient to address └NRB PUSCH/2┐=10 RBs.
  • For large operating BWs, the number of RBs becomes much larger than the number of bits available for the RA IE in DCI format 1F. For example, for NRB UL=50 RBs or NRB UL=100 RBs, there are respectively 13 bits or 15 bits available for the RA IE. Combining the principles of RBG (with P=2) and FH, as they were previously described, makes the number of bits in the RA IE sufficient for NRB UL=50 RBs as the number of RBGs is 25 and only the first 12 of them need to be addressed in conjunction with the application of FH. However, this combination is clearly not sufficient for NRB UL=100 RBs and it is likely to remain so even if NRB HO RBs are excluded from CB-PUSCH transmissions as it was previously described. Several alternative methods may apply to address this issue.
  • A first alternative method is to increase the RBG size by using a larger number of P, consecutive or non-consecutive, RBs. For example, for NRB UL=100 RBs and P=7, all NRBG=└NRB UL/P┐=15 RBGs can be addressed with a bitmap of 15 bits and the only modification in FIG. 6 is to change the value of P from P=2 to P=7. For P=6 and NRB HO≧10 RBs, it is NRB PUSCH≦90 RBs and all NRBG=└NRE PUSCH/P┐≦15 RBGs can be addressed with a bitmap of 15 bits and the only modification in FIG. 7 is to change the value of P from P=2 to P=6 and the value of NRB HO from NRB HO=4 to NRB HO≧10. For P=3, if FH is assumed, all NRBG=└┌NRB PUSCH/P┐/2┘≦15 RBGs can be addressed with a bitmap of 15 bits and the only modification in FIG. 8 is to change the RA granularity from 1 RB to P=3 RBs (1 RBG) and the value of NRB HO from NRB HO=4 to NRB HO≧10. Nevertheless, in all cases the RBG size remains larger than it is appropriate to support transmission of small packets. To avoid using a larger than necessary RBG size, a UE may select only a portion of the RBG for CB-PUSCH transmission. For example, for an RBG size of P=6 RBs and CB-PUSCH transmission over 2 RBs, a UE may select either the first, the second or the third pair of RBs in an RBG indicated as available for CB-PUSCH transmission by DCI format 1F.
  • A second method is to address only a subset NRB — sub UL RBs of the NRB UL RBs or of the NRB PUSCH RBs while maintaining a small RBG size. The subset of NRB — sub UL RBs may be defined from each end of the operating BW, and therefore the first └NRB — sub UL/2┐ RBs may be non-contiguous with the second └NRB — sub UL/2┐ RBs, or it may be defined relative to the middle of the operating BW or, in general, it may be defined relative to any reference RB of the operating BW in a manner which can be predetermined or be informed to UEs through broadcast or RRC signaling. For example, if only half of the NRB UL=100 RBs are addressed by the RA IE in DCI format 1F, combining the principles of RBG (with P=2) and FH is sufficient as for the case of NRB UL=50 RBs. As the RA IE for NRB UL=100 RBs has more bits than the RA IE for NRB UL=50 RBs, more than half of the NRB UL=100 RBs can be addressed using RBG with P=2 and FH, but nevertheless, only a subset NRB — sub UL RBs of the NRB UL=100 RBs can be addressed. The same applies if the NRB PUSCH RBs, instead of the NRB UL RBs are considered.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the indication of a set of RBs, which is a sub-set of the RBs in the operating BW using RBGs and FH for the CB-PUSCH transmission, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 11 illustrates the indication of NRB — sub UL=60 RBs 1110 within NRB UL=100 RBs 1120 using RBGs (with P=2) 1130 and FH. For simplicity, the NRB — sub UL=60 RBs are defined relative to the middle of the operating BW of NRB UL=100 RBs. Using the 15 bits of the RA IE of DCI format 1F as a bitmap, 15 RBGs can be addressed and, with FH, a total of 30 RBGs or 60 RBs can be indicated for CB-PUSCH transmissions. In FIG. 11, the bitmap indicates RBG4 1140 and RBG7 1150. The UE, using FH for the CB-PUSCH transmission, can select RBG4 for the CB-PUSCH transmission in the first slot and RBG19 1145 for the transmission in the second slot, or it can select RBG7 for the CB-PUSCH transmission in the first slot and RBG22 1155 for the transmission in the second slot.
  • A third method is to use a DCI format 1F with the same size as DCI format 0/1A for the larger operating BWs. The increase in the DCI format 1F size is acceptable for the larger operating BWs especially since the respective overhead is proportionally smaller than it is at smaller BWs where the size of DCI format 1F may be the same as the size of DCI format 1C. For example, if the size of DCI format 1F is the same as the size of DCI format 0/1A for NRB UL=100 RBs (44 bits), the respective overhead is proportionally smaller than if the size of DCI format 1F is the same as the size of DCI format 1C for NRB UL=25 RBs (28 bits) as 44/100 is smaller than 28/25. The 28 bits of the RA IE in DCI format 1F are sufficient to address all RBGs with size of P=4 RBs for NRB UL=100 RBs (as in FIG. 6 with P=4) and are likely sufficient to address all RBGs with size of P=3 RBs for NRB PUSCH RBs (as in FIG. 9 with P=3). If FH is used, the RA IE can address all RBGs with size of P=2 RBs either for NRB UL or for NRB PUSCH RBs (as in FIG. 10).
  • If UEs are configured to decode DCI format 1F for both possible sizes corresponding to the operating BW (the size of DCI format 0/1A and the size of DCI format 1C), DCI format 1F may use either or both of these two sizes in a sub-frame. Otherwise, the size of DCI format 1F may depend on the operating BW as it was previously described.
  • Once the available RBs or RBGs are defined by the RA IE in DCI format 1F, a UE can randomly select the RBs or RBGs for CB-PUSCH transmission. The selection can be based on the UE's C-RNTI or CB-RNTI and may also include other parameters such as the sub-frame number, the cell-ID, and so on. In FIG. 11, based on the CB-RNTI, a first UE may select RBG4 and RBG19 for CB-PUSCH transmission in the first and second slots, respectively, and a second UE may select RBG7 and RBG22 for CB-PUSCH transmission in the first and second slots, respectively.
  • Alternatively, for an RBG size larger than the CB-PUSCH RB allocation, such as, for example, an RBG size of 6 RBs and CB-PUSCH transmission of 2 RBs, a first UE may select the first 2 RBs, a second UE may select the second 2 RBs, and a third UE may select the third 2 RBs in the RBG (based, for example, on the C-RNTI or on the CB-RNTI). Another possibility is to index the RBs for CB-PUSCH transmission (CB-RBs) according to the RBG index and according to the RB position within the RBG as described in Table 7 for 6 RBs per RBG. A UE requiring 2 RBs for its CB-PUSCH transmission may pseudo-randomly select 2 CB-RBs from the CB-RBs as indexed in Table 7. For example, it may select using its C-RNTI or its CB-RNTI and it may additionally include the sub-frame number within the frame.
  • TABLE 7
    Mapping between RBs indicated by DCI Format
    1F and CB-PUSCH Transmission RBs.
    RBs for CB-PUSCH RBs in DCI Format 1F
    CB-RB 1 RBG1-RB1
    CB-RB 2 RBG1-RB2
    CB-RB 3 RBG1-RB3
    CB-RB 4 RBG1-RB4
    CB-RB 5 RBG1-RB5
    CB-RB 6 RBG1-RB6
    CB-RB 7 RBG2-RB1
    CB-RB 8 RBG2-RB2
    CB-RB 9 RBG2-RB3
    CB-RB 10 RBG2-RB4
    CB-RB 11 RBG2-RB5
    CB-RB 12 RBG2-RB6
    CB-RB 13 RBG3-RB1
    . . . . . .
  • As CB-PUSCH transmission in response to a DCI format IF transmitted in every sub-frame can achieve user plane latency well below the target one, the transmission of DCI format 1F can be less frequent than in every sub-frame. For example, the sub-frames with DCI format 1F transmission within a frame may be predetermined or signaled through a SIB. In this manner, a UE does not need to decode DCI format 1F in every sub-frame and this can reduce UE power consumption. Alternatively, instead of using a DCI format to convey the RBs for CB-PUSCH transmissions, an SIB can be used to convey the sub-frames (if not predetermined) and the corresponding RBs (which may be the same in all sub-frames) for CB-PUSCH transmissions.
  • While the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

What is claimed is:
1. A method for transmitting signals in an uplink channel by a User Equipment (UE) in a communication system, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving, from a base station, downlink control information including information indicating second frequency resources;
determining, by the UE, first frequency resources for transmission of the signals in the uplink channel from the information indicating the second frequency resources; and
transmitting, by the UE, the signals in the uplink channel using the first frequency resources.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a value of at least one parameter for transmitting the signals in the uplink channel using signaling that excludes the downlink control information.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the signaling includes predetermined values or values provided to the UE by the base station through broadcast signaling or UE-specific signaling using higher layers.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first frequency resources are the same as the second frequency resources.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein downlink resources used for transmitting the downlink control information are common to all UEs.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein a range of the first frequency resources is smaller than an operating bandwidth of the communication system.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second frequency resources are indicated by the downlink control information using a bit-map.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein transmission of the downlink control information occurs only in a subset of a set of transmission time intervals.
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