US20140209308A1 - High Efficiency Radiation-Induced Triggering for Set-On-Command Compositions and Methods of Use - Google Patents

High Efficiency Radiation-Induced Triggering for Set-On-Command Compositions and Methods of Use Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140209308A1
US20140209308A1 US13/752,421 US201313752421A US2014209308A1 US 20140209308 A1 US20140209308 A1 US 20140209308A1 US 201313752421 A US201313752421 A US 201313752421A US 2014209308 A1 US2014209308 A1 US 2014209308A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cement
diacrylate
radiation dose
cement composition
composition
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Abandoned
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US13/752,421
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English (en)
Inventor
Nicholas Baldasaro
Vijay Gupta
Samuel J. Lewis
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Halliburton Energy Services Inc
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Halliburton Energy Services Inc
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Priority to US13/752,421 priority Critical patent/US20140209308A1/en
Assigned to HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC. reassignment HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LEWIS, SAMUEL J., BALDASARO, NICHOLAS, GUPTA, VIJAY
Priority to US14/139,112 priority patent/US9546533B2/en
Priority to CA2894558A priority patent/CA2894558C/en
Priority to BR112015013537A priority patent/BR112015013537A2/pt
Priority to MX2015007207A priority patent/MX2015007207A/es
Priority to EP14745651.1A priority patent/EP2914684B1/en
Priority to AU2014212730A priority patent/AU2014212730B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2014/012538 priority patent/WO2014120528A1/en
Priority to ARP140100225A priority patent/AR094580A1/es
Publication of US20140209308A1 publication Critical patent/US20140209308A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0003—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability making use of electric or wave energy or particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/44—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing organic binders only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0045—Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics
    • C04B2103/0062—Cross-linked polymers

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to hydrocarbon exploration and production operations, such as subterranean cementing operations, and more particularly to compositions and methods that allow for greater control over the setting of fluids or slurries used during such operations.
  • Natural resources such as oil and gas located in a subterranean formation can be recovered by drilling a wellbore down to the subterranean formation, typically while circulating a drilling fluid in the wellbore.
  • a string of pipe e.g., casing
  • the drilling fluid is then usually circulated downwardly through the interior of the pipe and upwardly through the annulus between the exterior of the pipe and the walls of the wellbore, although other methodologies are known in the art.
  • Hydraulic cement compositions are commonly employed in the drilling, completion and repair of oil and gas wells.
  • hydraulic cement compositions are utilized in primary cementing operations whereby strings of pipe such as casing or liners are cemented into wellbores.
  • a hydraulic cement composition is pumped into the annular space between the walls of a wellbore and the exterior surfaces of a pipe string disposed therein to harden.
  • a period of time is needed for the cement to cure and obtain enough mechanical strength for drilling operations to resume. This down time is often referred to as “wait-on-cement”, or WOC.
  • the WOC time ranges from a few hours to several days, depending on the difficulty and criticality of the cement job in question.
  • the present invention generally relates to hydrocarbon exploration and production operations, such as subterranean cementing operations, and more particularly to compositions and methods that allow for greater control over the setting of fluids or slurries used during such operations.
  • the present invention provides a method comprising placing a sealant composition comprising a polymerizable additive into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation; and subjecting the sealant composition to a radiation dose of from about 1 to about 1000 grays, so as to form a seal therein.
  • the present invention provides a method comprising preparing a cement composition comprising hydraulic cement, a polymerizable additive, and sufficient water to form a slurry; placing the cement composition into the wellbore; and subjecting the cement composition to a radiation dose of from about 1 to about 1000 grays to activate setting of the cement composition.
  • the present invention provides a cement composition
  • a cement composition comprising hydraulic cement; a polymerizable additive; and sufficient water to form a slurry.
  • the cement composition is capable of setting when subjected to a radiation dose of from about 1 to about 1000 grays.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross sectional side view of a wellbore.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a cross sectional side view of an electron beam energy source used in a wellbore for subjecting the sealant composition to a radiation dose according one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the present invention generally relates to hydrocarbon exploration and production operations, such as subterranean cementing operations, and more particularly to compositions and methods that allow for greater control over the setting of fluids or slurries used during such operations by curing cement compositions with radiation.
  • the use of electron accelerators to generate bremsstrahlung radiation does not require a supply of precursor fuel, such as deuterium or tritium due to the abundance of electrons in matter.
  • the present invention relates generally to wellbore operations involving fluids or slurries, and more particularly, to fluids or slurries that contain accelerating agents and/or retarders that can be released, activated and/or deactivated on command to provide thickening to the fluid or slurry.
  • the fluids or slurries referred to herein can be any suitable for wellbore operations, drilling, completion, workover or production operations.
  • the fluids may include various types of sealants, such as resins, cements, settable muds, lost circulation fluids, conformance fluids, and combinations thereof.
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to wellbore cementing operations, and more particularly, to methods of sealing in wellbores using cementitious compositions that contain polymerizable additives that can be subjected to radiation doses of from about 1 gray to about 1000 grays to form a seal.
  • FIG. 1 a cross sectional side view of an embodiment of a wellbore 2 is illustrated.
  • Surface casing 4 having a wellhead 6 attached, is installed in the wellbore 2 .
  • Casing 8 is suspended from the wellhead 6 to the bottom of the wellbore 2 .
  • An annulus 10 is defined between casing 8 and the wellbore 2 .
  • Annulus flow line 12 fluidly communicates with annulus 10 through the wellhead 6 and/or surface casing 4 with an annulus valve 14 .
  • Flow line 16 is connected to the wellhead 6 to allow fluid communication with the inner diameter of casing 8 and a casing valve 18 .
  • the casing is open to the wellbore 2 or has circulation ports in the walls of casing 8 (not shown) to allow fluid communication between the annulus 10 and the inner diameter of casing 8 .
  • a cement composition can be pumped down the casing 8 and circulated up the annulus 10 while fluid returns are taken from the annulus 10 out annulus flow line 12 , in a typical circulation direction.
  • the cement composition can be pumped into the annulus 10 from annulus flow line 12 while fluid returns are taken from the inner diameter of casing 8 through flow line 16 .
  • fluid flows through wellbore 2 in a reverse circulation direction.
  • a fluid composition such as a cement slurry
  • a sealed or filled tubular such as casing 8
  • casing 8 can be lowered into the wellbore 2 such that the fluid composition is displaced into the annulus 10 area, thereby placing the fluid composition within the annulus 10 without pumping the fluid composition into the annulus 10 .
  • the above method can be referred to as puddle cementing.
  • the fluid composition can be a drilling fluid placed within the wellbore after drilling operations are complete.
  • the sealant is subjected to a dose of radiation from bremsstrahlung photons which result from decelerating electrons.
  • Bremsstrahlung radiation or simply bremsstrahlung, is electromagnetic radiation produced by a sudden slowing down or deflection of charged particles (specifically electrons in this embodiment) passing through matter in the vicinity of the strong electric fields of atomic nuclei.
  • Bremsstrahlung produces a continuous X-ray spectra—i.e., the resulting photons cover a whole range of energy, from a maximum value downward through lower values all the way to zero.
  • bremsstrahlung In generating bremsstrahlung, some electrons that collide with a material target are decelerated to zero kinetic energy by a single head-on collision with a nucleus, and thereby have all their energy of motion converted at once into photon radiation of maximum energy, Other electrons from the same incident beam come to rest after being decelerated many times by the positively charged nuclei. Each deflection and subsequent scattering of the electrons gives rise to a pulse of electromagnetic energy, or photon, of less than maximum energy.
  • the maximum energy of any one bremsstrahlung photon is the original kinetic energy of the incoming charged particle, typically an electron in this embodiment.
  • an electron accelerator may be used to generate bremsstrahlung.
  • Electron beam bremsstrahlung-induced curing is a fast non-thermal process which utilizes highly energetic electrons at controlled doses to produce scattered photons that polymerize and crosslink polymeric materials.
  • the electron accelerator in this embodiment should generate electrons having an energy of about 0.5 MeV to about 20 MeV. In other embodiments, the electrons have an energy of about 0.1 MeV to about 50 MeV.
  • the maximum intensity of the electron accelerators which produce bremsstrahlung photons may be large, over 10 14 /s.
  • the electron accelerators may be geometrically modified to be accessible downwell.
  • a 5-6 MeV energy electron accelerator with an average current of 10 s of microamps (>10 14 /s) and a tungsten target can induce bulk gelation in some slurries in a few seconds.
  • Various electron accelerators are suitable for use in the present invention.
  • on electron accelerator which includes a Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplying system that can make use of extra linear space within a casing to amplify voltage up to the necessary several MeV level.
  • This system which has a long, narrow shape makes it amenable to downhole utility.
  • Another suitable example of an electron accelerator is an RF cyclotron.
  • Another example of an electron accelerator technology for use in the present invention is that of Wakefield technology. Wakefield technology exploits laser pulses to evacuate electrons from small volumes of crystals. This allows other particles to accelerate as the system returns to equilibrium.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross sectional side view of an exemplary electron beam energy source used in a wellbore for subjecting the sealant composition to a radiation dose.
  • a tool wireline 401 supplies electrical power and communications from the accelerator 500 to the surface of the wellbore.
  • the tool wireline 401 also bears the mass of the accelerator 500 during transit up and down the borehole.
  • the electron accelerator 500 comprises a housing 501 that houses all the accelerator components.
  • the housing 501 may have any geometrical structure suitable for housing the components and for going downwell in any type of geological formation 301 .
  • the electron accelerator may include accelerator electrical power components 561 . These components may include devices for properly allocating electrical power from the tool wireline 401 to the various power-using devices throughout the accelerator 500 .
  • An accelerator RF electron acceleration component 581 may also be included in the electron accelerator 500 .
  • the accelerator type may be Cockcroft-Walton, radiofrequency, or Wakefield.
  • the accelerator may also include lasers.
  • the accelerator 500 may have a characteristic radius.
  • the acceleration mechanism may involve plasma, RF induced electromagnetic fields, capacitors and diodes or other mechanisms suitable for downwell operations.
  • the accelerator 500 may also include cooling components 521 .
  • the cooling component 521 could include cryogenic liquid with insulation.
  • the accelerator may also include communication components 541 . These components may include devices used to assist with communicating signals to and from the tool wireline 401 to run the accelerator 500 properly.
  • Attached to the acceleration component 581 is an electron beam port 591 .
  • This location is where the accelerated electrons 601 are expelled from the acceleration electronics and put on a trajectory to impinge upon the high Z target 701 .
  • the accelerated electrons in the present disclosure may have a kinetic energy of from about 0.5 MeV and about 20 MeV. In other embodiments, the accelerated electrons have a kinetic energy of from about 0.1 MeV to about 50 MeV.
  • the electrons may be accelerated in a direction parallel to the axis of the accelerator geometry.
  • An electron beam rastoring device 621 may be included to shape the trajectory of the electrons 601 to depart from straight lines, to impinge on the high Z target 701 .
  • the rastoring device 621 could include an electromagnet.
  • the electron accelerator 500 may forego the use of the rastoring device 621 and instead align the high Z target 701 with the electron beam port, or increase the size of the area of the high Z target 701 .
  • the plane of the surface of the high Z target 701 might be angled with respect to the radial plane of the accelerator and borehole.
  • the accelerator 500 may pass downward though the borehole in order to set the cement slurry.
  • the accelerator 500 has set the cement 201 in the upper portion of the borehole, whereas the cement below the accelerator 500 has not yet been irradiated, and as such, is yet to be cured cement slurry 202 .
  • the accelerator 500 could be lowered to the bottom of the borehole and then pulled upwards with the tool wireline 401 to set the cement slurry from the bottom upward.
  • the cementitious compositions disclosed herein generally include water and a cement component such as hydraulic cement, which can include calcium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and/or sulfur that sets and hardens by reaction with the water.
  • a cement component such as hydraulic cement
  • hydraulic cements include but are not limited to Portland cements (e.g., Classes A, C, G, and H Portland cements), pozzolana cements, gypsum cements, phosphate cements, high alumina content cements, silica cements, high alkalinity cements, and combinations thereof.
  • Cements including shale, cement kiln dust or blast furnace slag also may be suitable for use in the present invention.
  • the shale may include vitrified shale.
  • the shale may include raw shale (e.g., unfired shale), or a mixture of raw shale and vitrified shale.
  • the sealant may include a polymerizable additive capable of undergoing polymerization when subjected to radiation.
  • the polymerizable additive may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 25% by weight of the cement composition. In other embodiments, the polymerizable additive is in an amount of about 1 to about 15%.
  • the polymerizable additive may include one selected from alkeneoxides, vinyl pyrrolidones, vinyl alcohols, acrylamides, vinyl methyl ethers, isobutylenes, fluoroelastomers, esters, tetrafluoroethylenes, acetals, propylenes, ethylenes, methylpentenes, methylmethacrylates, fluorinated ethylene propylenes, derivatives thereof and combinations thereof.
  • the sealant may also include a crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking a polymer formed by the polymerization of the polymerizable additive.
  • the crosslinking agent may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates, a poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates, trimethylolpropane triacrylates (TM PTA), ethoxylated TM PTAs, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylates, trimethylolpropanetriacrylates, hexanediol diacrylates, N,N-methylene bisacrylam ides, hexanedioldivinylethers, triethyleneglycol diacrylates, pentaeritritoltriacrylates, tripropyleneglycol diacrylates, 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triones, 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triaz
  • the sealant or cement compositions used in the present invention can further include a set retarder.
  • Set retarding admixtures lengthen the time at which the fluid or slurry composition remains a fluid. These retarding admixtures consequently allow a fluid or slurry, such as cement, to be pumped along long distances without the effect of premature setting.
  • a broad variety of set retarders may be suitable for use in the fluid or slurry compositions used in the present invention.
  • the set retarder may include, inter alia, phosphonic acid, phosphonic acid derivatives, lignosulfonates, salts, sugars, carbohydrate compounds, organic acids, carboxymethylated hydroxyethylated celluloses, synthetic co- or ter-polymers including sulfonate and carboxylic acid groups, and/or borate compounds.
  • the set retarders used in the present invention are phosphonic acid derivatives, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,832, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein.
  • suitable borate compounds include, but are not limited to, sodium tetraborate and potassium pentaborate.
  • the set retarder is present in the fluid or slurry compositions used in the present invention in an amount sufficient to delay the setting of the fluid or slurry composition in a subterranean formation for a desired time. More particularly, the set retarder may be present in the fluid or slurry compositions used in the present invention in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% bwoc. In certain embodiments, the set retarder is present in the fluid or slurry compositions used in the present invention in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 4% bwoc.
  • the set retarders of the current invention may include a sensitizer-containing retarder, such as a boron-containing retarder.
  • the sensitizer can be made from a material having a strong radiation absorption property.
  • the sensitizer can also be a scintillator material.
  • the sensitizer can be any material that increases the capture efficiency of the ionizing radiation within the slurry.
  • This sensitizer-containing retarder also referred to as a sensitized retarder
  • can be a boron-containing retarder, also referred to as a boronated retarder may include a wide variety of set retarders, including the set retarders disclosed herein, wherein the selected set retarder, or combination or set retarders, additionally includes at least one boron atom.
  • sugars and/or carbohydrates can be used as a retarder in the setting of a cement composition.
  • the retarder is a sensitized sugar or carbohydrate.
  • the sensitized retarder is boronated glucose.
  • the boronated glucose is represented by 3-O-(o-Carborany-1-ylmethyl)-D-glucose, as presented in U.S. Pat. No. 5,466,679, to Soloway et al.
  • compositions of the present invention may also include a set accelerator.
  • the accelerator aids in overcoming possible delays caused by the set retarders by shortening the setting time of the fluid or slurry composition.
  • a broad variety of set accelerators may be suitable for use in the fluid or slurry compositions used in the present invention, the set accelerator may include any component that reduces the setting time of a cement composition.
  • the set accelerator may include alkali and alkali earth metal salts, silicate salts, aluminates and amines, such as triethanolamine.
  • the set accelerator is a calcium salt.
  • the calcium salt may be selected from the group consisting of calcium formate, calcium nitrate, calcium nitrite and calcium chloride.
  • the set accelerator is calcium chloride.
  • the set accelerator may be present in the fluid or slurry compositions used in the present invention in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 20% bwoc. In certain embodiments, the set accelerator is present in the cement compositions used in the present invention in an amount of from about 4% to about 12% bwoc.
  • Methods of this invention for isolating a wellbore or a portion of a wellbore may include placing a sealant composition including a polymerizable additive, pumping the sealant composition containing the polymerizable additive into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, and subjecting the sealant composition to a radiation dose of from about 1 gray to about 1000 grays, so as to form a seal therein.
  • the sealant composition may be subjected to a radiation dose of from about 5 grays to about 500 grays.
  • Methods of this invention may include preparing a cement composition comprising: hydraulic cement, a polymerizable additive, and sufficient water to form a slurry; placing the cement composition into the wellbore; and subjecting the cement composition to a radiation dose of from about 1 gray to about 1000 grays to activate setting of the cement composition.
  • the cement composition may be subjected to a radiation dose of from about 5 grays to about 500 grays.
  • a set retarder and/or a set accelerator or oxidizing agent are/is added to the cement mixture before water is added to the mixture.
  • the set retarder and/or the set accelerator or oxidizing agent are/is added to the cement mixture after water has been added to the mixture.
  • set retarder is added before the set accelerator or oxidizing agent.
  • the set accelerator is added before the set retarder.
  • the set accelerator and/or set retarder is/are added during the mixing of the cement and water.
  • the slurry is then placed in the wellbore, such as in a wellbore/casing annulus.
  • the cement particles and the set retarder and/or set accelerator or oxidizing agent should be substantially uniformly mixed with the cement particles in the cement slurry.
  • a set retarder as well as both a set accelerator and oxidizer are added to the fluid or slurry. Upon being exposed to the ionizing radiation, both the set accelerator and oxidizer are released. The simultaneous destruction of the retarder by the oxidizer and the acceleration of cement hydration by the set accelerator provide rapid set.
  • the ionizing radiation is introduced by an ionizing radiation emitter located at a point within the wellbore.
  • an ionizing radiation emitter located at the surface introduces the ionizing radiation directed downward into the wellbore.
  • a radiation source is lowered into the wellbore, such as on a wireline, and the ionizing radiation is emitted.
  • the radiation source can be shielded to not emit the ionizing radiation other than when the shielding is removed. For example, a radiation source can be shielded at the surface when personnel could otherwise be exposed.
  • the shield can be removed or opened, such as by an electronically activated signal transmitted from the surface down the wireline to the shield.
  • the radiation emitter can emit ionizing radiation as it is lowered down the wellbore and as it is pulled up the length of the wellbore.
  • two or more ionizing radiation emitters are separately lowered to two or more depths, such that two or more depths of the wellbore may be subject to the ionizing radiation simultaneously.
  • the ionizing radiation is introduced under the control of a technician in the field.
  • the technician, engineer, or other on-site employee can have the control over the emission of the ionizing radiation by imputing a signal that causes a release of the ionizing radiation from an emitter.
  • the ionizing radiation is released on demand from the technician in the field.
  • the ionizing radiation can be released by a control system having parameters such as timer, flow meter, temperature sensor, or the like.
  • the lowering and/or emitting of the ionizing radiation source is triggered by a timing mechanism.
  • the lowering and/or emitting of the radiation source is triggered by a flow meter that detects the amount of the cement mixture delivered into the wellbore.
  • the ionizing radiation of the current invention can be under the control of technicians in the field.
  • the release of the ionizing radiation emissions act as a trigger in the sense that the radiation can destroy the sensitized retarder, thus allowing the setting of the cement slurry to proceed.
  • the release of the ionizing radiation may also act as a trigger when the ionizing radiation emissions act to release the set accelerator or oxidizing agent, or both, into the cement slurry.
  • the set accelerator or oxidizing agent Once the set accelerator or oxidizing agent is released, it is dispersed into the cement slurry and reacts with the slurry or retarder, resulting in the acceleration of the setting process. Therefore, technicians in the field can trigger the thickening of the cement slurry. This triggering process puts the thickening of the cement slurry under the control of technicians in the field and can result in a decrease in the time needed to wait on cement (WOC) in the drilling and completion of a wellbore.
  • WOC wait on cement
  • cementitious composition includes pastes (or slurries), mortars, and grouts, such as oil well cementing grouts, shotcrete, and concrete compositions including a hydraulic cement binder.
  • pastes are mixtures composed of a hydratable (or hydraulic) cement binder (usually, but not exclusively, Portland cement, Masonry cement, Mortar cement, and/or gypsum, and may also include limestone, hydrated lime, fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, and silica fume or other materials commonly included in such cements) and water; “mortars” are pastes additionally including fine aggregate (e.g., sand), and “concretes” are mortars additionally including coarse aggregate (e.g., crushed rock or gravel).
  • the cement compositions described in this invention are formed by mixing required amounts of certain materials, e.g., a hydraulic cement, water, and fine and/or coarse aggregate, as may
  • set accelerator can include any component, which reduces the setting time of a cement composition.
  • the set accelerator may include alkali and alkali earth metal salts, such as a calcium salt.
  • the calcium salt may include calcium formate, calcium nitrate, calcium nitrite or calcium chloride.
  • encapsulating layer can mean any form of coating or binding wherein most of the material being encapsulated is enclosed within the layer and that the dissipation of the material is substantially restricted by the layer. It does not mean that all of the material being encapsulated is enclosed within the layer or that the material being encapsulated cannot leak through the encapsulating layer.
  • oxidizer can include any component which is capable of degrading the retarder present. These include, but are not limited to alkaline earth and zinc salts of peroxide, perphosphate, perborate, percarbonate; calcium peroxide, calcium perphosphate, calcium perborate, magnesium peroxide, magnesium perphosphate, zinc perphosphate; calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite, chloramine T, trichloroisocyanuric acid, trichloromelamine, dichloroisocynaurate dihydrate, anhydrous dichloroisocynaurate; and mixtures thereof.
  • radiation tolerance is the amount of ionizing radiation that a material can withstand without noticeable or measurable degradation.
  • solvent or “set retarder” can include boronated or non-boronated forms of phosphonic acid, phosphonic acid derivatives, lignosulfonates, salts, sugars, carbohydrate compounds, organic acids, carboxymethylated hydroxyethylated celluloses, synthetic co- or ter-polymers including sulfonate and carboxylic acid groups, and/or borate compounds.
  • set refers to an increase in mechanical strength of a fluid or slurry sufficient to perform a desired result, such as to restrict movement of an item or impede fluid flow or pressure transfer through a fluid.
  • a cement may be referred to as set when it can restrict the movement of a pipe, or impede fluid flow or pressure transfer, regardless of whether the cement has cured to a fully solid composition.
  • a fluid or slurry can be referred to as set when it has thickened to a sufficient level that it achieves the desired result, such as the isolation of a particular zone or the restriction of fluid flow or pressure transfer, regardless of whether it has reached its final consistency.
  • the present invention may also be useful for cement or concrete in other applications, including infrastructure and building materials, where a quick setting time can be obtained with the polymer system.
  • Some specific examples include rapid hardening of pre-cast units such as pipes, panels, and beams, cast in-situ structures for bridges, dams, or roads, quick-set grout, increased adhesion in cement, addition of water-resistant properties to cement, decorative concrete, rapid concrete repair, production of cement board.
  • Other advantages over typical polymer-enhanced concrete systems include the ability to use a wider variety of polymer species, including oligomers which are significantly less volatile, combustible and toxic, and the elimination of initiators, which are also toxic to humans and the environment.
  • the slurry was mixed for 45 seconds on a Waring blade mixer as per the API mixing schedule.
  • the slurry was split into two samples.
  • One sample was exposed for 20 seconds to bremsstrahlung radiation produced by focusing an electron beam of 5-6 MeV energy onto a tungsten target and placing the sample in a vial at the other end of the tungsten target and thereby exposing the sample to the bremsstrahlung photons.
  • the other sample was not irradiated and kept as a control.
  • the control sample remained fluid.
  • the irradiated sample had been crosslinked and displayed a freestanding solid-like behavior.
  • a cement/sand slurry was prepared similar to that of Example 1, except that the 1% SYLOID RAD particles were not included, and 200 grams of the class H cement was replaced with 200 mesh sand for a 50:50 mixture of cement and silica flour.
  • the slurry was mixed for 45 seconds on a Waring blade mixer as per the API mixing schedule.
  • the slurry was split into two samples.
  • One sample was exposed for 30 seconds to bremsstrahlung radiation produced by focusing an electron beam of 5-6 MeV energy onto a tungsten target and placing the sample in a vial at the other end of the tungsten target and thereby exposing the sample to the bremsstrahlung photons.
  • the other sample was not irradiated and kept as a control.
  • the control sample remained fluid.
  • the irradiated sample had been crosslinked and displayed a freestanding solid-like behavior.
  • the slurry was mixed for 45 seconds on a Waring blade mixer as per the API mixing schedule.
  • the slurry was split into two samples.
  • One sample was exposed for 30 seconds to bremsstrahlung radiation produced by focusing an electron beam of 5-6 MeV energy onto a tungsten target and placing the sample in a vial at the other end of the tungsten target and thereby exposing the sample to the bremsstrahlung photons.
  • the other sample was not irradiated and kept as a control.
  • the control sample remained fluid.
  • the irradiated sample had been crosslinked and displayed a freestanding solid-like behavior.
  • the samples demonstrate that bremsstrahlung radiation may be utilized to solidify cement by irradiating a sample of polymerizable additive contained in the cement.
  • compositions and methods are described in terms of “comprising,” “containing,” or “including” various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various components and steps. All numbers and ranges disclosed above may vary by some amount. Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range falling within the range is specifically disclosed. In particular, every range of values (of the form, “from about a to about b,” or, equivalently, “from approximately a to b,” or, equivalently, “from approximately a-b”) disclosed herein is to be understood to set forth every number and range encompassed within the broader range of values.

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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
US13/752,421 2013-01-29 2013-01-29 High Efficiency Radiation-Induced Triggering for Set-On-Command Compositions and Methods of Use Abandoned US20140209308A1 (en)

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US13/752,421 US20140209308A1 (en) 2013-01-29 2013-01-29 High Efficiency Radiation-Induced Triggering for Set-On-Command Compositions and Methods of Use
US14/139,112 US9546533B2 (en) 2013-01-29 2013-12-23 High efficiency radiation-induced triggering for set-on-command compositions and methods of use
PCT/US2014/012538 WO2014120528A1 (en) 2013-01-29 2014-01-22 High efficiency radiation-induced triggering for set-on-command compositions and methods of use
MX2015007207A MX2015007207A (es) 2013-01-29 2014-01-22 Inicio inducido por radiacion de gran eficacia para composiciones de solidificacion por comando y metods de uso.
BR112015013537A BR112015013537A2 (pt) 2013-01-29 2014-01-22 métodos referentes à exploração de hidrocarboneto e às operações de produção
CA2894558A CA2894558C (en) 2013-01-29 2014-01-22 High efficiency radiation-induced triggering for set-on-command compositions and methods of use
EP14745651.1A EP2914684B1 (en) 2013-01-29 2014-01-22 Method for placing a sealant in a subterannean formation
AU2014212730A AU2014212730B2 (en) 2013-01-29 2014-01-22 High efficiency radiation-induced triggering for set-on-command compositions and methods of use
ARP140100225A AR094580A1 (es) 2013-01-29 2014-01-24 Activación inducida por radiación de alta eficiencia para composiciones con fraguado comandado y sus métodos de uso

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US10151170B2 (en) * 2015-02-17 2018-12-11 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. High efficiency radiation-induced triggering for set-on-command compositions and methods of use
US11154813B2 (en) * 2015-03-27 2021-10-26 Blue Planet Systems Corporation Modular CO2 sequestration units and systems, and methods for using the same
US20180299579A1 (en) * 2015-10-01 2018-10-18 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Active damping for nmr logging tools
US10677956B2 (en) * 2015-10-01 2020-06-09 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Active damping for NMR logging tools
US20210396079A1 (en) * 2018-10-30 2021-12-23 The Texas A&M University System Systems and Methods for Forming a Subterranean Borehole
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AU2014212730A1 (en) 2015-06-18
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AR094580A1 (es) 2015-08-12

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