US20140196219A1 - Product - Google Patents

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Publication number
US20140196219A1
US20140196219A1 US14/127,278 US201214127278A US2014196219A1 US 20140196219 A1 US20140196219 A1 US 20140196219A1 US 201214127278 A US201214127278 A US 201214127278A US 2014196219 A1 US2014196219 A1 US 2014196219A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid detergent
opening
fabrics
detergent
dosing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/127,278
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Giuseppe Di Bono
Ralf Wiedemann
Nicola Pretto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reckitt Benckiser Vanish BV
Original Assignee
Reckitt Benckiser NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reckitt Benckiser NV filed Critical Reckitt Benckiser NV
Assigned to RECKITT BENCKISER N.V. reassignment RECKITT BENCKISER N.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DI BONO, GIUSEPPE, PRETTO, NICOLA, WIEDEMANN, RALF
Publication of US20140196219A1 publication Critical patent/US20140196219A1/en
Assigned to RECKITT BENCKISER VANISH B.V. reassignment RECKITT BENCKISER VANISH B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RECKITT BENCKISER N.V.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/02—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C11D17/046—Insoluble free body dispenser
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/08—Liquid soap, e.g. for dispensers; capsuled
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/02—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents
    • D06F39/022—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents in a liquid state
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/02—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents
    • D06F39/024—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents mounted on the agitator or the rotating drum; Free body dispensers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dosing and dispensing device for liquid laundry detergents.
  • the device according to the present invention is particularly adapted to pretreat fabrics with a portion of liquid detergent.
  • Dispensing devices for liquid detergent which are to be introduced with the fabrics in the washing machine, are well known in the prior art. It is also known that it is possible to achieve a greater effectiveness in respect of stain removal by pretreating the fabrics without consuming a greater amount of liquid detergent.
  • Pretreatment means that a certain amount of detergent is applied directly onto the dirty parts of said fabrics before they are washed in the machine. In the following these devices are called “pretreatment devices”.
  • detergent means a detergent composition for the treatment of fabrics. This detergent composition may comprise washing additives, like beaches, enzymes and/or others known in the art.
  • pretreatment devices for liquid detergent are described in the prior art, for example in WO 92/09736 and WO 92/09737. These devices allow an application of said liquid detergent onto the fabrics before the washing cycle either with predetermined outlets or a removable pretreatment applicator respectively.
  • Another approach is represented by EP-A-575 714.
  • This document describes another pretreatment device for liquid detergent with a fixed applicator in form of a roller ball. This roller ball is able to spread the contained liquid detergent only in a predetermined direction.
  • pretreating devices mentioned before allow an even spreading of the contained liquid detergent onto the fabric, i.e. the spread quantity is always the same. This way of even spreading does not consider that different stains need a different amount of liquid detergent during pretreatment. For example, stains can be made of certain constituents which need a more thorough pretreatment to increase its effectiveness. This can be achieved by applying a greater amount of the liquid detergent. A greater quantity is also needed depending on the dimensions of the stain itself. Therefore, we found that the effectiveness of stain removal is increased when a greater amount of pretreating detergent is applied upon the soiled surface of the fabric, since said surface can be pretreated more thoroughly.
  • the outlets having a fixed aperture or the applicators, being for example a sponge do not give the possibility to vary the quantity of liquid detergent to be spread on the fabric for a thorough pre-treatment/to control the amount of detergent such that eventual damages to fabrics (i.e. fading, etc.) can be avoided. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a device with an adjustable flow of the contained liquid detergent for the pretreatment.
  • a dosing and dispensing device for liquid detergent comprising a hollow body having a portion comprising a flexible material, an opening in said flexible portion, and means to spread at least a portion of the contained liquid detergent onto a surface of fabric, characterized in that said opening being (progressively) opened when pressure is applied to said device on a surface to which the liquid detergent is applied, and said opening being substantially closed when said pressure stops.
  • a dosing and dispensing device for liquid detergent comprising a hollow body having a portion comprising a flexible material, an opening in said flexible portion, and means to spread at least a portion of the contained liquid detergent onto a surface of fabric, characterized in that said opening being (progressively) opened when lateral pressure is applied to said device on a surface to which the liquid detergent is applied, and said opening being substantially closed when said pressure stops.
  • the container of the invention is particularly advantageous in that the amount of detergent dosed from the device and the spreading of the detergent onto the surface being treated is surprisingly beneficial.
  • These benefits include quick/advanced control of discharge of the detergent from the device by the application/removal of pressure applied thereto.
  • the device of the invention is able to provide a rubbing/scrubbing action as well as the application of pressure.
  • the opening is located in the bottom part of said device. This allows dosing of the detergent (aided by gravity) onto the surface being treated.
  • the portion of flexible material is located in the bottom part of said device.
  • the device comprises several openings. This allows effective dosage and spreading of the detergent onto the surface being treated.
  • the openings are in the form of a slit valve.
  • slit valves are understood to be capable of being opened when pressure is applied thereto.
  • the pressure applied may be in the form of contact pressure against a surface or translational pressure (or a combination thereof) caused by movement relative to a surface.
  • Each slit valve may have one or more preferably a plurality of separate slit openings (these may be arranged perpendicularly to one other—in this way it is possible to achieve dosing of the detergent even when the direction of rubbing is perpendicular to some of the slit valves (i.e. for any rubbing direction some valves will be in the best condition to work)), (ideally about two openings for enhanced discharge of detergent). Where more than one slit opening is present it can be that the openings are not of an equivalent size.
  • the slit valve is in the form of a protrusion from the surface of the flexible portion.
  • the protrusion may have an associated frame.
  • Said frame is preferably rigid and may be part of a structure disposed adjacent to the flexible portion. With such a frame it has been found that highly controlled collapse/partial collapse of the protrusions is permitted, wherein under the deformation the slit valves are opened permitting flow of detergent.
  • the flexible portion is in the form of a portion of a sphere/spheroid. It is preferred that the outermost points of the slit protrusions define a secondary sphere/spheroid, with a larger radius. It has been found that the radius of the/each sphere determines the amplitude of the pretreating movement required by the user's hand.
  • the device preferably on the flexible portion
  • the spreading means is in the form of a ridge.
  • the ridge may be liner or may be curved. Generally a plurality of ridges is present on the device.
  • the ridge height is about the same as that of a deformed valve. In this way it has been found that the valves may be activate efficiently (i.e. without being closed due to valve “implosion” following an excess of rubbing force.
  • the ridges are positioned in a different area to that of the valves. This allows a user, after the dosing of the product, to rub the fabric without further dispensing (and/or with a smaller amplitude of the pretreatment movement).
  • the valves are positioned away from the centre of the device.
  • the device comprises a gripping means.
  • the gripping means preferably comprises the main body of the device, into which the detergent is poured.
  • the main body of the device is preferably shaped so that it is capable of fitting into a hand of a user yet may contain sufficient detergent for a pre-treatment and laundry step.
  • the main body thus has a volume of from 50-200 cm 3 .
  • the main body may comprise any geometrical shape but is generally based on an ovoid, tapering towards its upper opening (into which the detergent is poured) and also at its lower end (which adjoins onto the flexible portion).
  • the device is made of elastic plastic material.
  • the main body may comprise PP, PE or PET (both injected or blow moulded).
  • the ridges and the valves may comprise any rubber or elastomer suitable for being welded, melted or glued onto the main body.
  • a process for pretreating and washing fabrics in a washing machine with the dosing and dispensing device characterized in that it comprises of the following steps: a dose of the total quantity of liquid detergent to be utilized during the pretreatment and washing cycle is introduced into the dosing and dispensing device; pretreatment of the fabrics is executed with a controlled quantity of the liquid detergent dosage contained in said device and dispensed from said device through said cut; the thus pretreated fabrics are placed in the drum of the washing machine together with said dosing and dispensing device and with other non-pretreated fabrics.
  • the device is for a laundry cleaning formulation and for use in dispensing same onto a clothing surface.
  • the laundry cleaning formulation comprises a bleach, e.g. in an amount of from 0.001% to 99.99%, preferably 0.001% to 20%, preferably 4% to 18%, e.g. most preferably about 4.5% or 13%, by weight, of bleach.
  • the bleach is preferably peroxide bleach, most preferably hydrogen peroxide. Peroxide sources other than H 2 O 2 can be used.
  • the laundry cleaning formulation comprises a surfactant.
  • the composition comprises from 0.001% to 99.99%, preferably 0.05% to 15%, e.g. about 7%, by weight of surfactant.
  • the surfactant is, for example, an anionic or nonionic surfactant or mixture thereof (most preferably a nonionic surfactant).
  • the non-ionic surfactant is preferably a surfactant having a formula RO(CH 2 CH 2 O) n H wherein R is a mixture of linear, even carbon-number hydrocarbon chains ranging from C 12 H 25 to C 16 H 33 and n represents the number of repeating units and is a number of from about 1 to about 12.
  • examples of other non-ionic surfactants include higher aliphatic primary alcohol containing about twelve to about 16 carbon atoms which are condensed with about three to thirteen moles of ethylene oxide.
  • nonionic surfactants include primary alcohol ethoxylates (available under the Neodol trade name from Shell Co.), such as C 11 alkanol condensed with 9 moles of ethylene oxide (Neodol 1-9), C 12-13 alkanol condensed with 6.5 moles ethylene oxide (Neodol 23-6.5), C 12-13 alkanol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide (Neodol 23-9), C12-15 alkanol condensed with 7 or 3 moles ethylene oxide (Neodol 25-7 or Neodol 25-3), C 14-15 alkanol condensed with 13 moles ethylene oxide (Neodol 45-13), C 9-11 linear ethoxylated alcohol, averaging 2.5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol (Neodol 91-2.5), and the like.
  • Neodol trade name available under the Neodol trade name from Shell Co.
  • nonionic surfactants suitable for use in the present invention include ethylene oxide condensate products of secondary aliphatic alcohols containing 11 to 18 carbon atoms in a straight or branched chain configuration condensed with 5 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • examples of commercially available non-ionic detergents of the foregoing type are C 11-15 secondary alkanol condensed with either 9 moles of ethylene oxide (Tergitol 15-S-9) or 12 moles of ethylene oxide (Tergitol 15-S-12) marketed by Union Carbide, a subsidiary of Dow Chemical.
  • Octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol type nonionic surfactants for example, Triton X-100, as well as amine oxides can also be used as a nonionic surfactant in the present invention.
  • linear primary alcohol ethoxylates are available under the Tomadol trade name such as, for example, Tomadol 1-7, a C 11 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 7 moles EO; Tomadol 25-7, a C 12 -C 15 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 7 moles EO; Tomadol 45-7, a C 14 -C 15 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 7 moles EO; and Tomadol 91-6, a C 9 -C 11 linear alcohol ethoxylate with 6 moles EO.
  • Tomadol 1-7 a C 11 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 7 moles EO
  • Tomadol 25-7 a C 12 -C 15 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 7 moles EO
  • Tomadol 45-7 a C 14 -C 15 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 7 moles EO
  • Tomadol 91-6 a C 9 -C 11 linear alcohol ethoxylate with 6 moles
  • linear primary alcohol ethoxylates are available under the Lutensol trade name such as, for example, Lutensol A3N, a C 13-15 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 3 moles EO; Lutensol LA60, a C 13-15 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 7 moles EO.
  • Genapol such as, for example, Genapol LA3, a C 13-15 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 3 moles EO; Genapol LA070, a C 13-15 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 7 moles EO
  • Tomadol 45-7 a C 14 -C 15 linear primary alcohol ethoxylate with 7 moles EO; and Tomadol 91-6, a C 9 -C 11 linear alcohol ethoxylate with 6 moles EO.
  • nonionic surfactants are amine oxides, alkyl amide oxide surfactants.
  • Preferred anionic surfactants are frequently provided as alkali metal salts, ammonium salts, amine salts, aminoalcohol salts or magnesium salts.
  • Contemplated as useful are one or more sulfate or sulfonate compounds including: alkyl benzene sulfates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylamidoether sulfates, alkylaryl polyether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, alkylsulfonates, alkylamide sulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, olefinsulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, alkylamide sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfosuccinamate, alkyl sulfoacetates, alkyl
  • surfactants which may be used are alkyl naphthalene sulfonates and acyl/oleoyl sarcosinates and mixtures thereof.
  • the laundry cleaning formulation may comprise various optional ingredients, including enzymes, builders, solvents, dye transfer inhibition agents, dye catchers, preservatives, anti-oxidants, anti-static agents, fragrances, odour absorbing components, optical brighteners, acidifying agents, alkalizing agents, thickeners (e.g. hydroxyethylcellulose and/or xanthan gum).
  • enzymes e.g. enzymes, builders, solvents, dye transfer inhibition agents, dye catchers, preservatives, anti-oxidants, anti-static agents, fragrances, odour absorbing components, optical brighteners, acidifying agents, alkalizing agents, thickeners (e.g. hydroxyethylcellulose and/or xanthan gum).
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a device in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a device in accordance with the invention.
  • the device 1 comprises a main body section 2 in the form of a modified cylinder and a flexible body portion 3 in the form of a portion of a sphere/spheroid. These are joined together to form a dosing device for retaining/dosing a liquid (detergent) composition.
  • the main body 2 is able to act as a handle for use by a consumer.
  • the main body has an opening 4 for introduction of detergent into the device and release of detergent in a (laundry) washing cycle.
  • the flexible body portion 3 comprises a plurality of slit valves 5 disposed on its lower surface.
  • the slit valves 5 have openings 6 that may be opened by the application of pressure (contact and/or translational) on a surface.
  • the flexible body portion 3 also comprises a plurality of curved spreading ridges 7 on its lower surface.
  • a dose of the total quantity of liquid detergent to be utilized during the pretreatment and washing cycle is introduced into the device 1 .
  • Pretreatment of fabrics is executed with a controlled quantity of the liquid detergent dosage contained in said device 1 being dispensed from said device 1 through said valves 5 . This is achieved by pressing and rubbing the device 1 on the fabric surface to be treated, thus causing release of detergent and spreading of same (aided by the ridges 7 ) on the surface being treated.
  • the thus pretreated fabrics are placed in the drum of the washing machine together with said dosing and dispensing device 1 and with other non-pretreated fabrics. A washing cycle may then be operated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US14/127,278 2011-06-24 2012-06-22 Product Abandoned US20140196219A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1110700.0 2011-06-24
GBGB1110700.0A GB201110700D0 (en) 2011-06-24 2011-06-24 Product
PCT/GB2012/051462 WO2012175987A1 (en) 2011-06-24 2012-06-22 Product

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140196219A1 true US20140196219A1 (en) 2014-07-17

Family

ID=44485077

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/127,278 Abandoned US20140196219A1 (en) 2011-06-24 2012-06-22 Product

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20140196219A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2723932A1 (de)
KR (1) KR20140027208A (de)
CN (1) CN103608509A (de)
AU (1) AU2012273744A1 (de)
BR (1) BR112013028042A2 (de)
GB (1) GB201110700D0 (de)
RU (1) RU2014102168A (de)
SG (1) SG194683A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2012175987A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA201307950B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160145791A1 (en) * 2013-06-27 2016-05-26 Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever Stain treatment device and process

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117683589A (zh) 2015-04-29 2024-03-12 宝洁公司 洗涤织物的方法

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE902095A (fr) * 1984-04-18 1985-07-31 Procter & Gamble Dispositif pour le lavage du linge en machine avec un detergent liquide et procede mettant en oeuvre ledit dispositif.
FR2669943B1 (fr) 1990-11-30 1994-02-11 Procter And Gamble Cy Equipement pour le lavage du linge en machine et son mode de mise en óoeuvre.
FR2669944B1 (fr) 1990-11-30 1994-02-04 Procter & Gamble Dispositif pour le lavage du linge en machine et son mode de mise en óoeuvre.
IT228562Y1 (it) 1992-06-26 1998-04-27 Mira Lanza S P A Ora S R L Dosatore-erogatore per detersivo liquido per macchine lavatrici.
EP0679752A1 (de) * 1994-04-27 1995-11-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Spendevorrichtung zur Vorbehandlung
EP1014847A1 (de) * 1996-10-15 2000-07-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Handgehaltener behälter zum vorauflüsen von waschmittelzusammensetzungen
JPH10230091A (ja) * 1997-02-18 1998-09-02 King Kagaku Kk 洗濯機用洗濯補助体
EP0931870A1 (de) * 1998-01-23 1999-07-28 The Procter & Gamble Company In der Hand haltbare Mehrzweckbehälter
GB9820466D0 (en) * 1998-09-18 1998-11-11 Unilever Plc Device for machine washing of clothes
US6213665B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2001-04-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Mess free dosing and dispensing devices
GB0020847D0 (en) * 2000-08-23 2000-10-11 Unilever Plc Method and device for treating textile articles
EP1813708B1 (de) * 2006-01-31 2019-02-20 The Procter and Gamble Company Dosier- und abgabevorrichtung
ITBO20090220A1 (it) * 2009-04-06 2010-10-07 Proprieta Ind S R L Sfera di lavaggio
EP2465995A1 (de) * 2010-12-14 2012-06-20 Roberto Braiddotti Schale für eine in Maschinen zum automatischen Waschen wie Wasch- oder Geschirrspülmaschinen zu verwendende Kugel
GB201100293D0 (en) * 2011-01-10 2011-02-23 Reckitt Benckiser Nv Product

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160145791A1 (en) * 2013-06-27 2016-05-26 Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever Stain treatment device and process
US10125447B2 (en) * 2013-06-27 2018-11-13 Conopco, Inc. Stain treatment device and process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112013028042A2 (pt) 2017-01-10
ZA201307950B (en) 2015-01-28
KR20140027208A (ko) 2014-03-06
RU2014102168A (ru) 2015-07-27
CN103608509A (zh) 2014-02-26
WO2012175987A1 (en) 2012-12-27
GB201110700D0 (en) 2011-08-10
SG194683A1 (en) 2013-12-30
EP2723932A1 (de) 2014-04-30
AU2012273744A1 (en) 2013-11-07

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: RECKITT BENCKISER N.V., NETHERLANDS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DI BONO, GIUSEPPE;WIEDEMANN, RALF;PRETTO, NICOLA;SIGNING DATES FROM 20131210 TO 20140115;REEL/FRAME:032289/0603

AS Assignment

Owner name: RECKITT BENCKISER VANISH B.V., NETHERLANDS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:RECKITT BENCKISER N.V.;REEL/FRAME:037533/0336

Effective date: 20151001

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION