US20140178470A1 - Dispersible tablet - Google Patents
Dispersible tablet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140178470A1 US20140178470A1 US14/193,761 US201414193761A US2014178470A1 US 20140178470 A1 US20140178470 A1 US 20140178470A1 US 201414193761 A US201414193761 A US 201414193761A US 2014178470 A1 US2014178470 A1 US 2014178470A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pharmaceutical composition
- dosage form
- solid pharmaceutical
- nimorazole
- form according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007919 dispersible tablet Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- MDJFHRLTPRPZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nimorazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CN=CN1CCN1CCOCC1 MDJFHRLTPRPZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 229960004918 nimorazole Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 127
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000014829 head and neck neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000026037 malignant tumor of neck Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000637 radiosensitizating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010005003 Bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000007097 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009109 curative therapy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- LQIAZOCLNBBZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,2-Diphosphanylethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound PCC(P)N1CCCC1=O LQIAZOCLNBBZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 229960000913 crospovidone Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000013809 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229920000523 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound OCC1OC(OC2C(O)C(O)C(O)OC2CO)C(O)C(O)C1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003109 sodium starch glycolate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000008109 sodium starch glycolate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940079832 sodium starch glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920003085 Kollidon® CL Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920003081 Povidone K 30 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Glycolate Chemical compound OCC([O-])=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940069328 povidone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940080313 sodium starch Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010011485 Aspartame Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019759 Maize starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 acetate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000605 aspartame Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010357 aspartame Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960003438 aspartame Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007931 coated granule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010947 crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940042126 oral powder Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003114 HPC-L Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013566 allergen Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007963 capsule composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001681 croscarmellose sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001767 crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095079 dicalcium phosphate anhydrous Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000171 higher toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071676 hydroxypropylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005414 inactive ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003511 macrogol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000845 maltitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035436 maltitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940031272 nimorazole 500 mg Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006180 nutrition needs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095353 oral granules Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002638 palliative care Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008104 plant cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011477 surgical intervention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007916 tablet composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole, which tablet disintegrates in water.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition such as a tablet comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, for dispersion in water and administration via a tube to a patient with swallowing difficulties.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,371,540 describes the use of radiosensitizers for hypoxic cells. Administration is performed via an intravenous route or suggested to be done orally using a prodrug, wherein the prodrug is the acetate ester of the compound.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,462,992 suggests administration parenterally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly or intraperitoneally, or alternatively oral administration.
- Nimorazole is inter alia used to improve the efficacy of irradiation treatment for cancer patients.
- Nimorazole administered via an alternative route.
- the amount of Nimorazole necessary for an effective treatment such as about 2 g for each treatment, aggravates this problem, as it implies the use of large tablets or a high number of tablets.
- Nimorazole is slightly soluble in water (The Merck Index, 14 th Edition). Experiments indicate that the solubility in water is about 5 mg/ml. Further, in order to achieve a reasonable dissolution rate, it is usually necessary to apply excessive amounts of liquid in order to obtain sink conditions. Preparing a bulky solution of Nimorazole for further distribution creates additional problems in terms of storage stability and difficulties distributing a large container comprising liquid.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for disintegration in water or an aqueous medium and administration via a tube.
- a feeding tube may suitably be used.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition which allows administration using a feeding tube to a patient with swallowing difficulties.
- the pharmaceutical formulation or tablet according to the invention preferably disintegrates upon contact with water, forming a dispersion.
- the forming of the dispersion may be aided by stirring in the water, or shaking a container comprising the tablet and water.
- the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition
- a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising: a disintegrant; optionally one or more additional excipients; and a coating; said pharmaceutical composition allowing administration via at least two different routes:
- a pharmaceutical formulation or tablet which may be used directly for oral administration, and which alternatively may be dispersed in water in a short time frame for administration via a feeding tube.
- the pharmaceutical formulation or tablet may be dispersed in a small volume of water.
- the dispersed particles are sufficiently small to provide a slow sedimentation rate, allowing administration of the particles in dispersed state from e.g. a bottle via a feeding tube.
- a pharmaceutical formulation in the form of a tablet is easy to handle and dosage may easily be measured and subsequently checked.
- Using a powder from individual sachets makes a dosing of several sachets cumbersome.
- the use of a powder makes a dosage check after measurement of the intended dosage cumbersome, while a small number of tablets are easily counted for verification of dosage.
- a tablet provides a smaller surface area than a powder, thus potentially increasing the storage stability of the product.
- the invention concerns a kit of parts comprising a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, and instructions for preparing a dispersion of said pharmaceutical composition for administration via a tube.
- the invention concerns a method for manufacturing a pharmaceutical formulation or tablet according to the invention, comprising wet granulation of Nimorazole.
- the invention concerns a method of treatment of cancer, wherein irradiation treatment is combined with the administration of at least one pharmaceutical formulation or tablet according to the invention, wherein said at least one pharmaceutical formulation or tablet is allowed to disintegrate in water or an aqueous medium and administered via a tube.
- irradiation treatment is combined with the administration of at least one pharmaceutical formulation or tablet according to the invention, wherein said at least one pharmaceutical formulation or tablet is allowed to disintegrate in water or an aqueous medium and administered via a tube.
- This method is particularly preferred for patients with swallowing difficulties undergoing treatment with Nimorazole.
- the invention concerns a method of radiosensitizing hypoxic tumor cells comprising administering Nimorazole, wherein the administration comprises: providing a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; dispersing said solid pharmaceutical composition in water or a an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion; administering said dispersion via a tube.
- the invention concerns a use of a tablet according to the invention, wherein said tablet is dispersed in water and administered via a tube.
- the invention concerns an aqueous pharmaceutical composition
- aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein at least part of said Nimorazole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is dispersed in an aqueous medium in form of solid particles.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for disintegration in water or an aqueous medium and administration via a tube.
- a feeding tube may suitably be used.
- aqueous medium covers the possibility of using water or water comprising one or more salts, such as a saline solution, and/or any (other) components for the patient, such as at least one active ingredient. It also covers the possibility of water comprising one or more nutrients, optionally with one or more active ingredients.
- the pharmaceutical composition or tablet according to the invention preferably disintegrates upon contact with water, forming a dispersion.
- the forming of the dispersion may be aided by stirring in the water, or shaking a container comprising at least one tablet and water.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for administration to a patient with swallowing difficulties.
- the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition
- a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising: a disintegrant; optionally one or more additional excipients, such as a binder; and a coating; said pharmaceutical composition allowing administration via at least two different routes: oral administration, or disintegration in water or an aqueous medium to provide a dispersion, and subsequent administration of said dispersion via a tube.
- the solid pharmaceutical composition is preferably a tablet.
- the pharmaceutical composition is preferably provided in a solid form which is stable over time.
- the disintegrant makes it possible to provide a dispersion in a short time interval.
- the solid pharmaceutical composition allows the provision of a dispersion comprising an amount of Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the amount of Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically salt thereof exceeds the solubility limit of Nimorazole in the water or the aqueous medium.
- the solid pharmaceutical composition allows the provision of a dispersion comprising an amount of Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the amount of Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically salt thereof exceeds the 5 mg/ml of water or the aqueous medium.
- the coating may serve as taste-masking, as Nimorazole has an unpleasant taste. An unpleasant taste may lower patient compliance. Additionally, a coating may improve storage stability of the pharmaceutical formulation.
- Having a pharmaceutical composition which allows two different routes of administration carries a number of advantages. Firstly, patient compliance is improved, as the patient is already used to the pharmaceutical composition if or when the patient needs to change route of administration. Secondly, the costs associated with production and receiving marketing approval are lowered, as only one product needs to be produced and approved.
- the dispersion of the solid pharmaceutical composition may be done by the patient. It is further preferred that administration of the dispersion may be performed by the patient. This allows out-patient or ambulatory use.
- excipient is generally a pharmacologically inactive substance. Examples include, but are not limited to, diluents, disintegrants, binders, glidants, lubricants, and coatings. Other examples of suitable excipients may be found in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Pharmaceutical Press, London.
- Diluents are inactive ingredients that are added to tablets and capsules in addition to the active drug. Some very common diluents in tablets include starch, cellulose derivatives, and magnesium stearate (also a lubricant). Diluents fill out the size of a tablet or capsule, making it practical to produce and convenient for the consumer to use. By increasing the bulk volume, diluents make it possible for the final product to have the proper volume for patient handling. A good diluent must be inert, compatible with the other components of the formulation, non-hygroscopic, relatively cheap, compactible, and preferably tasteless or pleasant tasting. Plant cellulose (pure plant Diluent) is a popular diluent in tablets or hard gelatin capsules.
- Dibasic calcium phosphate is another popular tablet diluent.
- a range of vegetable fats and oils can be used in soft gelatin capsules.
- Other examples of diluents include: lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, and magnesium stearate.
- Disintegrants expand and dissolve when wet causing the tablet to break apart. They ensure that when the tablet is in contact with water, it rapidly breaks down into smaller fragments, facilitating dissolution or dispersion.
- disintegrants include, but are not limited to: Crosslinked polymers, such as crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (crospovidone), and crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (croscarmellose sodium); and the modified starch sodium starch glycolate. Specific examples further include Indian 414, L-HPC, and pregelatinised starch.
- Binders hold the ingredients in a tablet together. Binders ensure that tablets and granules can be formed with required mechanical strength, and give volume to tablets.
- binders include: Saccharides and their derivatives: Disaccharides, sucrose, lactose; Polysaccharides and their derivatives, such as starches, cellulose or modified cellulose, such as microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose ethers such as hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC); Sugar alcohols such as xylitol, sorbitol or maltitol; Further Protein: gelatin; and Synthetic polymers: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG). Examples include gelatin, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, sucrose and polyethylene glycol. Other examples include cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol.
- Glidants are used to promote powder flow by reducing interparticle friction and cohesion. These are used in combination with lubricants as they have no ability to reduce die wall friction. Examples include fumed silica, talc, and magnesium carbonate.
- Lubricants are agents added to tablet and capsule formulations to improve certain processing characteristics. Lubricants inter alia prevent ingredients from clumping together and from sticking to the tablet punches or capsule filling machine. Lubricants also ensure that tablet formation and ejection can occur with low friction between the solid and die wall. Common minerals like talc or silica, and fats, e.g. vegetable stearin, magnesium stearate or stearic acid are examples of lubricants used in tablets or hard gelatin capsules.
- Coatings protect ingredients from deterioration by moisture in the air and make large or unpleasant-tasting tablets easier to swallow.
- a cellulose ether hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) film coating is used which is free of sugar and potential allergens.
- other coating materials are used, for example synthetic polymers, shellac, corn protein zein or other polysaccharides.
- a specific example is Opadry.
- Capsules are coated with gelatin.
- the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition
- a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising: diluent; disintegrant; binder; glidant; lubricant; and optionally one or more additional excipients; and a coating.
- the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition
- a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising: Diluent, 1-50%; Disintegrant, 0.5-15%; Binder, 0.5-15%; Glidant, 0.5-3%; Lubricant, 0.5-3%; and optionally one or more additional excipients; and a Coating, 0.5-5%.
- the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition
- a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising: Diluent, 2-25%, preferably 4-15%, more preferred 6-10%, preferably 7-9%; Disintegrant, 1-12%, preferably 3-10%, more preferred 5-9%, preferably 7-8%; Binder, 1-10%, preferably 2-8%, more preferred 3-6%, preferably 4-5%; Glidant, 0.6-2.5%, preferably 0.8-2%, more preferred 0.9-1.8%, preferably 1-1.5%; Lubricant, 0.6-2.5%, preferably 0.8-2%, more preferred 0.9-1.8%, preferably 1-1.5%; and optionally one or more additional excipients; and a Coating, 0.7-4%, preferably 1-3%, more preferred 1.5-2.5%, preferably 2-2.2%.
- the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition
- a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising:
- the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition
- a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising:
- the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition
- a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising:
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition which is an immediate release tablet.
- An immediate release tablet disintegrates in water within 30 minutes.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for disintegration in water within 15 minutes, preferably 10 minutes, more preferred 5 minutes, preferably within 3 minutes to produce a dispersion for administration to a patient via a tube.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet, wherein said dispersion passes through a sieve screen with a nominal mesh aperture of 710 ⁇ m.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet, which disintegrates within 10 min., preferably within 5 min., using water at 25° C., preferably 20° C., more preferred at 15° C.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition which is a dispersible tablet.
- Dispersible tablets are intended to be dispersed in water before administration, providing a homogeneous dispersion. Dispersible tablets disintegrate within 3 minutes using water at 15-25° C. The fineness of dispersion should comply with a test comprising placing 2 tablets in 100 ml water and stirring until completely dispersed. A smooth dispersion is produced, which passes through a sieve screen with a nominal mesh aperture of 710 ⁇ m.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet, which allows complete dispersion of one or more pharmaceutical compositions or tablets comprising a total of at least 1000 mg Nimorazole in 100 ml water at 25° C. upon stirring, thereby providing a dispersion; said dispersion passing through a sieve screen with a nominal mesh aperture of 710 ⁇ m.
- complete dispersion covers the case wherein at least 90%, more preferred at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, more preferred 99%, preferably 100% Nimorazole is dispersed or dissolved.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for administration via a feeding tube.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for administration via a feeding tube selected among the group consisting of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, a nasogastric feeding tube, a nasojejunal feeding tube, a gastric feeding tube, and a jejunostomy feeding tube.
- a feeding tube selected among the group consisting of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, a nasogastric feeding tube, a nasojejunal feeding tube, a gastric feeding tube, and a jejunostomy feeding tube.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for administration via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (“PEG”) tube or a nasogastric (“NG”) feeding tube.
- PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
- NG nasogastric
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of bedridden or geriatric patients. These patient groups often suffer from difficulties swallowing tablets.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of patients undergoing irradiation treatment, particularly irradiation treatment of the head and/or neck region.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of intubated patients, such as patients having inserted a tube into the gastrointestinal tract. Individual differences may influence if and at what point during a treatment regime patients are intubated.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of patients having received at least a number selected among 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 irradiation treatments for cancer of the head and/or neck region.
- Nimorazole is usually administered from the first irradiation treatment, using a tube becomes particularly relevant when the patient begins to experience problems swallowing, usually from the 5th or 6th irradiation treatment.
- the need for administration of Nimorazole via a feeding tube does usually not occur before after the 4 th or 5 th irradiation treatment, as the swallowing difficulties is usually not present early.
- direct oral administration is preferred, i.e. in the form of a tablet taken orally, while the need for administration via a feeding tube usually occurs later, i.e. from the 5 th or 6 th irradiation treatment.
- Nimorazole tablet for a Nimorazole tablet to be used with concurrent radiotherapy, it is convenient to have a tablet which may both be administered directly orally, and which may be used for making a dispersion or solution for administration via a feeding tube.
- the tablet comprises a coating, masking the taste.
- Conventional coatings suffers from the drawback that they make it difficult to make a dispersion, and parts of the coating may get stuck in a feeding tube.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for swallowing or for disintegration in water or an aqueous medium and administration via a tube.
- This tablet is specifically adapted to allow swallowing or allow disintegration in water or an aqueous medium at the discretion of a person administering the tablet.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet further comprising a coating facilitating swallowing and masking the taste of Nimorazole.
- Nimorazole The taste of Nimorazole is unpleasant to most patients. Thus, without a coating, many patients will feel the swallowing of Nimorazole tablets objectionable. However, a coating tends to impede the disintegration of the tablet in water. Surprisingly, it has been possible to device a coating, which facilitates swallowing, and masks the taste of Nimorazole, and still allows producing a dispersion in water quickly.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for curative or palliative treatment of cancer in patients undergoing radiotherapy, particularly for patients with cancer in the head and/or neck region.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of patients with hypoxic cancer.
- Methods for testing whether cancers are hypoxic are known in the art.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of an indication selected among breast cancer, head/neck cancer, lymphoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, brain cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer.
- the invention is particularly relevant for patients with a swallowing problem, which may or may not be caused by irradiation treatment.
- the cancer treatment may be with or without concurrent chemotherapy.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of head/neck cancer.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of cervical cancer or inoperable lung cancer.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of non-smokers.
- Nimorazole may appear to have reduced or little influence on the efficacy of irradiation treatment of cancer among patients who have not stopped smoking during treatment.
- cessation of smoking during therapy is warranted.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least 250 mg Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition, comprising 10-2500 mg, more preferred 100-2000 mg, preferably 300-1500 mg, more preferred 400-1000 mg, preferably 500 mg Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet, subject to the proviso that 3-5 of said pharmaceutical compositions or tablets may be dispersed in 2 dl water at 25° C., preferably 20° C., more preferred 15° C. within 15, preferably 10, more preferred 5, preferably within 3 minutes.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet allowing dispersion of 1500-2500 mg, preferably 2000 mg, Nimorazole in 2 dl water at 25° C., preferably 20° C., more preferred 15° C. within 15, preferably 10, more preferred 5, preferably within 3 minutes.
- the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment alone or combined with chemotherapy.
- the invention concerns a kit of parts comprising a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, and instructions for preparing a dispersion of said pharmaceutical composition for administration via a tube.
- the invention concerns a method for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition, comprising wet granulation of Nimorazole.
- the invention concerns a method of treatment of cancer, wherein irradiation treatment is combined with the administration of at least one tablet according to the invention, wherein said at least one tablet is allowed to disintegrate in water or an aqueous medium and administered via a tube.
- This method is particularly preferred for patients with swallowing difficulties undergoing treatment with Nimorazole.
- the invention concerns a method of radiosensitizing hypoxic tumor cells comprising administering Nimorazole, wherein the administration comprises: Providing a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; Dispersing said solid pharmaceutical composition in water or a an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion; and Administering said dispersion via a tube.
- Nimorazole in form of tablets may have difficulties swallowing.
- a new route or way of administration of Nimorazole particularly suitable for these patients is suggested.
- a pharmaceutical composition which may be administered via a tube without the need of crushing tablets.
- the dispersion to be administered may easily be prepared by the patient, in particular without the need to crush tablets.
- this is particularly suitable for out-patient administration, i.e. patients receiving Nimorazole as part of ambulatory treatment, e.g. patients who are requested to take the treatment in the home or on the way to the hospital before irradiation treatment at a treatment facility such as a hospital.
- taste-masking pharmaceutical compositions or tablets comprising Nimorazole are particularly suitable for these patients.
- the invention concerns a use of a tablet according to the invention, wherein said tablet is dispersed in water and administered via a tube.
- the invention concerns an aqueous pharmaceutical composition
- aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein at least part of said Nimorazole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is dispersed in an aqueous medium in form of solid particles.
- the invention concerns an aqueous pharmaceutical composition obtainable by dispersing a pharmaceutical composition in water or an aqueous medium.
- the invention concerns an aqueous pharmaceutical composition, wherein said Nimorazole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is present in a concentration exceeding 5 mg/ml aqueous medium.
- the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition
- a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising:
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition wherein the additional excipients comprise a diluent, a binder, a glidant, and a lubricant.
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition comprising:
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition comprising:
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition comprising:
- an intragranular part comprising a diluent, a disintegrant, and a binder
- an extragranular part comprising a diluent, a disintegrant, a glidant, and a lubricant
- a coating comprising a diluent, a disintegrant, a glidant, and a lubricant
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition that is formulated as a tablet, an immediate release tablet or a dispersible tablet.
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition that disintegrates in water at 20° C. within 5 minutes.
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition that after disintegration in an aqueous medium passes through a sieve screen with a nominal mesh aperture of 710 ⁇ m.
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical that can be dispersed to provide at least 1000 mg nimorazole in 100 ml water at 25° C. within 5 minutes upon stirring, wherein said dispersion passes through a sieve screen with a nominal mesh aperture of 710 ⁇ m.
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition, wherein the feeding tube is selected from the group consisting of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, a nasogastric feeding tube, a nasojejunal feeding tube, a gastric feeding tube, and a jejunostomy feeding tube.
- the feeding tube is selected from the group consisting of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, a nasogastric feeding tube, a nasojejunal feeding tube, a gastric feeding tube, and a jejunostomy feeding tube.
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition, wherein the coating facilitates swallowing and masks the taste of nimorazole.
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition, wherein the composition comprises at least 250 mg nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof per dosing unit.
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition that can be dispersed to provide at least 2000 mg of nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in 2 dl of water at 25° C. within 3 minutes.
- the invention concerns a kit of parts comprising the pharmaceutical composition and instructions for preparing a dispersion of the pharmaceutical composition for administration to a patient via a feeding tube.
- the invention concerns a kit of parts comprising:
- the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition, made by a method comprising performing wet granulation of a composition comprising nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the invention concerns a method for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition, the method comprising performing wet granulation of nimorazole.
- the invention concerns a method of treating cancer by radiosensitizing hypoxic tumor cells, the method comprising performing radiation treatment combined with the administration of at least one solid pharmaceutical composition comprising:
- the invention concerns a method of treating cancer by radiosensitizing hypoxic tumor cells, the method comprising performing radiation treatment combined with the administration of at least one solid pharmaceutical composition, wherein said at least one solid pharmaceutical composition is allowed to disintegrate or is dispersed in water or an aqueous medium and administered to a patient via a tube.
- the invention concerns the method, wherein the radiation treatment comprises:
- solid pharmaceutical composition comprising nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; dispersing the solid pharmaceutical composition in water or a an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion; administering the dispersion to a patient via a feeding tube; and administering radiation to the patient.
- the invention concerns the method, wherein the dispersion contains said nimorazole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a concentration exceeding 5 mg/ml of the aqueous medium.
- the invention concerns the method, further comprising administering chemotherapy to the patient.
- the invention concerns the method, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, head/neck cancer, lymphoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, brain cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer.
- the invention concerns a dispersion containing dispersed particulate nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in an aqueous medium, wherein the concentration of nimorazole or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt exceeds the solubility limit thereof in the aqueous medium, and wherein the dispersion is formulated for administration to a patient via a feeding tube.
- the invention concerns the aqueous dispersion, wherein the particulate nimorazole or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt has an average diameter of less than 710 ⁇ m.
- Tablets A1, A2, A3 and A4 are all suitable for oral administration as well as dispersion in water before being administered via a feeding tube.
- the tablets differed in terms of time necessary for dispersion and storage stability. Preliminary experiments indicate the amount of coating provides a trade-off between storage stability and dispersion time. More coating tend to provide improved storage time but also increased time for disintegration or dispersion.
- Nimorazole Tablets Comprising Sodium Starch Glycolate
- Nimorazole Cellulose Microcrystalline, Silica Colloidal Anhydrous, Maize Starch, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Povidone granulated by spraying granulating fluid by using Top spray assembly. Granules further coated with basic butylated methacrylate copolymer hydro-alcoholic solution. Quantity equivalent to unit dose packed in sachet dispersed in 250 ml of water delivers 500 mg.
- Tablets A1 had a thickness of 5.61 to 5.65 mm. The disintegration time was measured to 2-3 min.
- Tablets A2 had a thickness of 5.65 to 5.68 mm. The disintegration time was measured to 18 seconds.
- the % Cumulative Drug Release was measured in 900 ml 0.1 N HCl in a USP type II apparatus at 50 RPM for 30 minutes, with measurements performed at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes.
- Crospovidone as a disintegrant instead of Sodium Starch Glycolate decreased the disintegration time, and provided a significant increase in dissolution rate, wherein more than 85% of the drug was released within 5 minutes.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole, which tablet disintegrates in water. In particular, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition such as a tablet comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, for dispersion in water and administration via a tube to a patient with swallowing difficulties.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,371,540 describes the use of radiosensitizers for hypoxic cells. Administration is performed via an intravenous route or suggested to be done orally using a prodrug, wherein the prodrug is the acetate ester of the compound.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,462,992 suggests administration parenterally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly or intraperitoneally, or alternatively oral administration.
- The patent application US 2010/322939 describes oral administration of Nimorazole 90 minutes prior to radiotherapy treatment.
- According to Bowman, Corinne (“Administration of drugs to patients with swallowing difficulties”, Journal of the Malta College of Pharmacy Practice, Issue 12 Winter 2007, pp. 42-45) patients who are unable to swallow due to a debilitating condition become dependent on an enteral feeding tube both for nutritional needs and for administration of medicines. Information regarding this mode of administration is very scarce and also associated with increased risk of tube obstruction, increased toxicity and reduced efficacy due to an inadequate administration method. Bowmann notes that “Unfortunately, crushing tablets is mistakenly taken for granted by some healthcare professionals without considering that the properties of the medication may be affected”, and finally “Crushed tablets are the most frequent cause of obstruction of feeding tubes which results in increased morbidity and trauma to the patient besides the cost of replacing the tube. This may require surgical intervention”.
- Nimorazole is inter alia used to improve the efficacy of irradiation treatment for cancer patients.
- Patients such as cancer patients may suffer from swallowing difficulties. In particular cancer patients undergoing irradiation treatment in the head and neck region and concurrent Nimorazole treatment may have difficulties swallowing Nimorazole tablets, and thus have a need for having Nimorazole administered via an alternative route. The amount of Nimorazole necessary for an effective treatment, such as about 2 g for each treatment, aggravates this problem, as it implies the use of large tablets or a high number of tablets.
- Nimorazole is slightly soluble in water (The Merck Index, 14th Edition). Experiments indicate that the solubility in water is about 5 mg/ml. Further, in order to achieve a reasonable dissolution rate, it is usually necessary to apply excessive amounts of liquid in order to obtain sink conditions. Preparing a bulky solution of Nimorazole for further distribution creates additional problems in terms of storage stability and difficulties distributing a large container comprising liquid.
- There is a need for providing a liquid medium comprising an amount of Nimorazole exceeding the solubility limit of Nimorazole in water, in order to be able to administer effective amounts of Nimorazole via a feeding tube while avoiding the intake of excessive amounts of liquid medium. There is a need for being able to provide a liquid medium comprising Nimorazole within a short time frame. In addition, there is a need to provide a liquid medium comprising Nimorazole which is able to pass via a feeding tube without causing obstruction.
- Attempts were made to provide a granulate comprising Nimorazole, which was formulated with the intent to be dispersed in water, administered via a feeding tube, and quickly dissolve in the stomach at low pH. However, the granulate suffered from the drawback that the granulate was not sufficiently dispersed in water at neutral pH, and thus created obstructions in a feeding tube. The development of the granulate comprising Nimorazole was subsequently stopped.
- Attempts were made to provide a powder comprising Nimorazole, which was formulated to be quickly dispensed in water at neutral pH. Up to five sachets of powder had to be opened and carefully emptied into water, making sure that all the powder of each sachet was emptied completely. While this powder did not obstruct the feeding tube, it was seen as a quite tedious procedure that could impact patient compliance to the treatment. The development of the powder comprising Nimorazole was subsequently stopped. Further, the powder was less suitable for oral administration unless it was dispersed in water.
- According to aspects and embodiments of the invention, the abovementioned problems are addressed by the present invention.
- Surprisingly, it has been possible to provide a liquid medium comprising an amount of Nimorazole exceeding the solubility limit of Nimorazole in water, making it possible to administer effective amounts of Nimorazole via a feeding tube while avoiding the intake of excessive amounts of liquid medium. Further, it has been possible to provide a liquid medium comprising Nimorazole within a short time frame. In addition, it has been possible to provide a liquid medium comprising Nimorazole which is able to pass via a feeding tube without causing obstruction.
- According to an aspect, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for disintegration in water or an aqueous medium and administration via a tube.
- A feeding tube may suitably be used. In particular, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition which allows administration using a feeding tube to a patient with swallowing difficulties.
- The pharmaceutical formulation or tablet according to the invention preferably disintegrates upon contact with water, forming a dispersion. The forming of the dispersion may be aided by stirring in the water, or shaking a container comprising the tablet and water.
- According to another aspect, the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising: a disintegrant; optionally one or more additional excipients; and a coating; said pharmaceutical composition allowing administration via at least two different routes:
-
- i) oral administration, or
- ii) disintegration in water or an aqueous medium to provide a dispersion, and subsequent administration of said dispersion via a tube.
- Surprisingly, it has been possible to device a pharmaceutical formulation or tablet, which may be used directly for oral administration, and which alternatively may be dispersed in water in a short time frame for administration via a feeding tube. The pharmaceutical formulation or tablet may be dispersed in a small volume of water. The dispersed particles are sufficiently small to provide a slow sedimentation rate, allowing administration of the particles in dispersed state from e.g. a bottle via a feeding tube.
- A pharmaceutical formulation in the form of a tablet is easy to handle and dosage may easily be measured and subsequently checked. Using a powder from individual sachets makes a dosing of several sachets cumbersome. Further, the use of a powder makes a dosage check after measurement of the intended dosage cumbersome, while a small number of tablets are easily counted for verification of dosage. Finally, a tablet provides a smaller surface area than a powder, thus potentially increasing the storage stability of the product.
- According to an aspect, the invention concerns a kit of parts comprising a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, and instructions for preparing a dispersion of said pharmaceutical composition for administration via a tube.
- According to an aspect, the invention concerns a method for manufacturing a pharmaceutical formulation or tablet according to the invention, comprising wet granulation of Nimorazole.
- Further information concerning wet granulation may be found in references such as: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Frontier Research, April-June 2011; 1(1):65-83, “Pharmaceutical Processing—A Review on Wet Granulation Technology”, Rajesh Agrawal and Yadav Naveen; “Wet Granulation: End-Point Determination and Scale-Up”, Michael Levin, Ph. D. Metropolitan Computing Corporation, East Hanover, N.J., USA; and Parikh D. “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology”, Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1997.
- According to an aspect, the invention concerns a method of treatment of cancer, wherein irradiation treatment is combined with the administration of at least one pharmaceutical formulation or tablet according to the invention, wherein said at least one pharmaceutical formulation or tablet is allowed to disintegrate in water or an aqueous medium and administered via a tube. This is particularly relevant when the patient has or acquires problems with swallowing, such as for cancer in the head and neck region.
- This method is particularly preferred for patients with swallowing difficulties undergoing treatment with Nimorazole.
- According to an aspect, the invention concerns a method of radiosensitizing hypoxic tumor cells comprising administering Nimorazole, wherein the administration comprises: providing a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; dispersing said solid pharmaceutical composition in water or a an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion; administering said dispersion via a tube.
- According to an aspect, the invention concerns a use of a tablet according to the invention, wherein said tablet is dispersed in water and administered via a tube.
- According to an aspect, the invention concerns an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein at least part of said Nimorazole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is dispersed in an aqueous medium in form of solid particles.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for disintegration in water or an aqueous medium and administration via a tube. A feeding tube may suitably be used.
- The term “aqueous medium” covers the possibility of using water or water comprising one or more salts, such as a saline solution, and/or any (other) components for the patient, such as at least one active ingredient. It also covers the possibility of water comprising one or more nutrients, optionally with one or more active ingredients.
- The pharmaceutical composition or tablet according to the invention preferably disintegrates upon contact with water, forming a dispersion. The forming of the dispersion may be aided by stirring in the water, or shaking a container comprising at least one tablet and water.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for administration to a patient with swallowing difficulties.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising: a disintegrant; optionally one or more additional excipients, such as a binder; and a coating; said pharmaceutical composition allowing administration via at least two different routes: oral administration, or disintegration in water or an aqueous medium to provide a dispersion, and subsequent administration of said dispersion via a tube.
- The solid pharmaceutical composition is preferably a tablet.
- The pharmaceutical composition is preferably provided in a solid form which is stable over time.
- The disintegrant makes it possible to provide a dispersion in a short time interval. Preferably, the solid pharmaceutical composition allows the provision of a dispersion comprising an amount of Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the amount of Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically salt thereof exceeds the solubility limit of Nimorazole in the water or the aqueous medium. Preferably, the solid pharmaceutical composition allows the provision of a dispersion comprising an amount of Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the amount of Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically salt thereof exceeds the 5 mg/ml of water or the aqueous medium.
- The coating may serve as taste-masking, as Nimorazole has an unpleasant taste. An unpleasant taste may lower patient compliance. Additionally, a coating may improve storage stability of the pharmaceutical formulation.
- Having a pharmaceutical composition which allows two different routes of administration carries a number of advantages. Firstly, patient compliance is improved, as the patient is already used to the pharmaceutical composition if or when the patient needs to change route of administration. Secondly, the costs associated with production and receiving marketing approval are lowered, as only one product needs to be produced and approved.
- Preferably the dispersion of the solid pharmaceutical composition may be done by the patient. It is further preferred that administration of the dispersion may be performed by the patient. This allows out-patient or ambulatory use.
- An excipient is generally a pharmacologically inactive substance. Examples include, but are not limited to, diluents, disintegrants, binders, glidants, lubricants, and coatings. Other examples of suitable excipients may be found in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Pharmaceutical Press, London.
- Diluents are inactive ingredients that are added to tablets and capsules in addition to the active drug. Some very common diluents in tablets include starch, cellulose derivatives, and magnesium stearate (also a lubricant). Diluents fill out the size of a tablet or capsule, making it practical to produce and convenient for the consumer to use. By increasing the bulk volume, diluents make it possible for the final product to have the proper volume for patient handling. A good diluent must be inert, compatible with the other components of the formulation, non-hygroscopic, relatively cheap, compactible, and preferably tasteless or pleasant tasting. Plant cellulose (pure plant Diluent) is a popular diluent in tablets or hard gelatin capsules. Dibasic calcium phosphate is another popular tablet diluent. A range of vegetable fats and oils can be used in soft gelatin capsules. Other examples of diluents include: lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, and magnesium stearate.
- Disintegrants expand and dissolve when wet causing the tablet to break apart. They ensure that when the tablet is in contact with water, it rapidly breaks down into smaller fragments, facilitating dissolution or dispersion. Examples of disintegrants include, but are not limited to: Crosslinked polymers, such as crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (crospovidone), and crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (croscarmellose sodium); and the modified starch sodium starch glycolate. Specific examples further include Indian 414, L-HPC, and pregelatinised starch.
- Binders hold the ingredients in a tablet together. Binders ensure that tablets and granules can be formed with required mechanical strength, and give volume to tablets. Examples of binders include: Saccharides and their derivatives: Disaccharides, sucrose, lactose; Polysaccharides and their derivatives, such as starches, cellulose or modified cellulose, such as microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose ethers such as hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC); Sugar alcohols such as xylitol, sorbitol or maltitol; Further Protein: gelatin; and Synthetic polymers: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG). Examples include gelatin, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, sucrose and polyethylene glycol. Other examples include cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol.
- Glidants are used to promote powder flow by reducing interparticle friction and cohesion. These are used in combination with lubricants as they have no ability to reduce die wall friction. Examples include fumed silica, talc, and magnesium carbonate.
- Lubricants are agents added to tablet and capsule formulations to improve certain processing characteristics. Lubricants inter alia prevent ingredients from clumping together and from sticking to the tablet punches or capsule filling machine. Lubricants also ensure that tablet formation and ejection can occur with low friction between the solid and die wall. Common minerals like talc or silica, and fats, e.g. vegetable stearin, magnesium stearate or stearic acid are examples of lubricants used in tablets or hard gelatin capsules.
- Coatings protect ingredients from deterioration by moisture in the air and make large or unpleasant-tasting tablets easier to swallow. For most coated tablets, a cellulose ether hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) film coating is used which is free of sugar and potential allergens. Occasionally, other coating materials are used, for example synthetic polymers, shellac, corn protein zein or other polysaccharides. A specific example is Opadry. Capsules are coated with gelatin.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising: diluent; disintegrant; binder; glidant; lubricant; and optionally one or more additional excipients; and a coating.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising: Diluent, 1-50%; Disintegrant, 0.5-15%; Binder, 0.5-15%; Glidant, 0.5-3%; Lubricant, 0.5-3%; and optionally one or more additional excipients; and a Coating, 0.5-5%.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising: Diluent, 2-25%, preferably 4-15%, more preferred 6-10%, preferably 7-9%; Disintegrant, 1-12%, preferably 3-10%, more preferred 5-9%, preferably 7-8%; Binder, 1-10%, preferably 2-8%, more preferred 3-6%, preferably 4-5%; Glidant, 0.6-2.5%, preferably 0.8-2%, more preferred 0.9-1.8%, preferably 1-1.5%; Lubricant, 0.6-2.5%, preferably 0.8-2%, more preferred 0.9-1.8%, preferably 1-1.5%; and optionally one or more additional excipients; and a Coating, 0.7-4%, preferably 1-3%, more preferred 1.5-2.5%, preferably 2-2.2%.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising:
-
- a) An Intragranular part, comprising: Diluent; Disintegrant; and Binder; and
- b) An Extragranular part, comprising: Diluent; Disintegrant; Glidant; and Lubricant; and
- c) A Coating.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising:
-
- a) An Intragranular part, comprising: Diluent, 1-50%; Disintegrant, 0.5-15%; and Binder, 0.5-15%; and
- b) An Extragranular part, comprising: Diluent, 0.5-50%; Disintegrant, 0.5-15%; Glidant, 0.5-3%; and Lubricant, 0.5-3%; and
- c) A Coating, 0.5-5%.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprising:
-
- a) An Intragranular part, comprising: Diluent, 2-25%, preferably 4-15%, more preferred 6-10%, preferably 7-8%; Disintegrant, 0.7-10%, preferably 1-8%, more preferred 1.5-5%, preferably 2-3%; and Binder, 1-10%, preferably 2-8%, more preferred 3-6%, preferably 4-5%; and
- b) An Extragranular part, comprising: Diluent, 0.7-25%, preferably 0.8-10%, more preferred 0.9-5%, preferably 1-2%; Disintegrant, 1-10%, preferably 2-8%, more preferred 4-7%, preferably 5-6%; Glidant, 0.6-2.5%, preferably 0.8-2%, more preferred 0.9-1.8%, preferably 1-1.5%; and Lubricant, 0.6-2.5%, preferably 0.8-2%, more preferred 0.9-1.8%, preferably 1-1.5%; and
- c) A Coating, 0.7-4%, preferably 1-3%, more preferred 1.5-2.5%, preferably 2-2.2%.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition which is an immediate release tablet. An immediate release tablet disintegrates in water within 30 minutes.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for disintegration in water within 15 minutes, preferably 10 minutes, more preferred 5 minutes, preferably within 3 minutes to produce a dispersion for administration to a patient via a tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet, wherein said dispersion passes through a sieve screen with a nominal mesh aperture of 710 μm.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet, which disintegrates within 10 min., preferably within 5 min., using water at 25° C., preferably 20° C., more preferred at 15° C.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition which is a dispersible tablet. Dispersible tablets are intended to be dispersed in water before administration, providing a homogeneous dispersion. Dispersible tablets disintegrate within 3 minutes using water at 15-25° C. The fineness of dispersion should comply with a test comprising placing 2 tablets in 100 ml water and stirring until completely dispersed. A smooth dispersion is produced, which passes through a sieve screen with a nominal mesh aperture of 710 μm.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet, which allows complete dispersion of one or more pharmaceutical compositions or tablets comprising a total of at least 1000 mg Nimorazole in 100 ml water at 25° C. upon stirring, thereby providing a dispersion; said dispersion passing through a sieve screen with a nominal mesh aperture of 710 μm. According to embodiments, the term “complete dispersion” covers the case wherein at least 90%, more preferred at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, more preferred 99%, preferably 100% Nimorazole is dispersed or dissolved.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for administration via a feeding tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for administration via a feeding tube selected among the group consisting of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, a nasogastric feeding tube, a nasojejunal feeding tube, a gastric feeding tube, and a jejunostomy feeding tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for administration via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (“PEG”) tube or a nasogastric (“NG”) feeding tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of bedridden or geriatric patients. These patient groups often suffer from difficulties swallowing tablets.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of patients undergoing irradiation treatment, particularly irradiation treatment of the head and/or neck region.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of intubated patients, such as patients having inserted a tube into the gastrointestinal tract. Individual differences may influence if and at what point during a treatment regime patients are intubated.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of patients having received at least a number selected among 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 irradiation treatments for cancer of the head and/or neck region.
- While Nimorazole is usually administered from the first irradiation treatment, using a tube becomes particularly relevant when the patient begins to experience problems swallowing, usually from the 5th or 6th irradiation treatment.
- Thus, the need for administration of Nimorazole via a feeding tube does usually not occur before after the 4th or 5th irradiation treatment, as the swallowing difficulties is usually not present early. During the first about four fractions of irradiation treatment direct oral administration is preferred, i.e. in the form of a tablet taken orally, while the need for administration via a feeding tube usually occurs later, i.e. from the 5th or 6th irradiation treatment.
- Hence, for a Nimorazole tablet to be used with concurrent radiotherapy, it is convenient to have a tablet which may both be administered directly orally, and which may be used for making a dispersion or solution for administration via a feeding tube. However, due to the unpleasant taste of Nimorazole, it is preferable that the tablet comprises a coating, masking the taste. Conventional coatings suffers from the drawback that they make it difficult to make a dispersion, and parts of the coating may get stuck in a feeding tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for swallowing or for disintegration in water or an aqueous medium and administration via a tube.
- This tablet is specifically adapted to allow swallowing or allow disintegration in water or an aqueous medium at the discretion of a person administering the tablet.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet further comprising a coating facilitating swallowing and masking the taste of Nimorazole.
- The taste of Nimorazole is unpleasant to most patients. Thus, without a coating, many patients will feel the swallowing of Nimorazole tablets objectionable. However, a coating tends to impede the disintegration of the tablet in water. Surprisingly, it has been possible to device a coating, which facilitates swallowing, and masks the taste of Nimorazole, and still allows producing a dispersion in water quickly.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for curative or palliative treatment of cancer in patients undergoing radiotherapy, particularly for patients with cancer in the head and/or neck region.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of patients with hypoxic cancer. Methods for testing whether cancers are hypoxic are known in the art.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of an indication selected among breast cancer, head/neck cancer, lymphoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, brain cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer. The invention is particularly relevant for patients with a swallowing problem, which may or may not be caused by irradiation treatment. The cancer treatment may be with or without concurrent chemotherapy.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of head/neck cancer.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of cervical cancer or inoperable lung cancer.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment of non-smokers. Nimorazole may appear to have reduced or little influence on the efficacy of irradiation treatment of cancer among patients who have not stopped smoking during treatment. According to an embodiment, cessation of smoking during therapy is warranted.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least 250 mg Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition, comprising 10-2500 mg, more preferred 100-2000 mg, preferably 300-1500 mg, more preferred 400-1000 mg, preferably 500 mg Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet, subject to the proviso that 3-5 of said pharmaceutical compositions or tablets may be dispersed in 2 dl water at 25° C., preferably 20° C., more preferred 15° C. within 15, preferably 10, more preferred 5, preferably within 3 minutes.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet allowing dispersion of 1500-2500 mg, preferably 2000 mg, Nimorazole in 2 dl water at 25° C., preferably 20° C., more preferred 15° C. within 15, preferably 10, more preferred 5, preferably within 3 minutes.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition or a tablet for treatment alone or combined with chemotherapy. According to an embodiment, the concerns a tablet for treatment alone or combined with chemotherapy in patients undergoing irradiation of a total of ≧40 Grey during a course of treatment.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a kit of parts comprising a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, and instructions for preparing a dispersion of said pharmaceutical composition for administration via a tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a method for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition, comprising wet granulation of Nimorazole.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a method of treatment of cancer, wherein irradiation treatment is combined with the administration of at least one tablet according to the invention, wherein said at least one tablet is allowed to disintegrate in water or an aqueous medium and administered via a tube. This method is particularly preferred for patients with swallowing difficulties undergoing treatment with Nimorazole.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a method of radiosensitizing hypoxic tumor cells comprising administering Nimorazole, wherein the administration comprises: Providing a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; Dispersing said solid pharmaceutical composition in water or a an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion; and Administering said dispersion via a tube.
- Patients receiving Nimorazole in form of tablets may have difficulties swallowing. A new route or way of administration of Nimorazole particularly suitable for these patients is suggested. There is a need for a pharmaceutical composition, which may be administered via a tube without the need of crushing tablets. The dispersion to be administered may easily be prepared by the patient, in particular without the need to crush tablets. Thus, this is particularly suitable for out-patient administration, i.e. patients receiving Nimorazole as part of ambulatory treatment, e.g. patients who are requested to take the treatment in the home or on the way to the hospital before irradiation treatment at a treatment facility such as a hospital. Further, there is a need of taste-masking pharmaceutical compositions or tablets comprising Nimorazole.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a use of a tablet according to the invention, wherein said tablet is dispersed in water and administered via a tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising Nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein at least part of said Nimorazole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is dispersed in an aqueous medium in form of solid particles.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns an aqueous pharmaceutical composition obtainable by dispersing a pharmaceutical composition in water or an aqueous medium.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns an aqueous pharmaceutical composition, wherein said Nimorazole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is present in a concentration exceeding 5 mg/ml aqueous medium.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising:
-
- i) nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
- ii) a disintegrant;
- iii) optionally one or more additional excipients; and
- iv) a coating;
said pharmaceutical composition allowing administration to a patient via both oral administration and a feeding tube, wherein prior to administration via a feeding tube the pharmaceutical composition is disintegrated in an aqueous medium to provide a dispersion which is administered via the feeding tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition wherein the additional excipients comprise a diluent, a binder, a glidant, and a lubricant.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition comprising:
-
- diluent, 1-50 wt %;
- disintegrant, 0.5-15 wt %;
- binder, 0.5-15 wt %;
- glidant, 0.5-3 wt %;
- lubricant, 0.5-3 wt %;
- optionally one or more additional excipients; and
- a coating, 0.5-5 wt %.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition comprising:
-
- diluent, 7-9 wt %;
- disintegrant, 7-8 wt %;
- binder, 4-5 wt %;
- glidant, 1-1.5 wt %;
- lubricant, 1-1.5 wt %;
- optionally one or more additional excipients; and
- a coating, 2-2.2 wt %.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition comprising:
- an intragranular part, comprising a diluent, a disintegrant, and a binder;
an extragranular part, comprising a diluent, a disintegrant, a glidant, and a lubricant; and
a coating. - According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition that is formulated as a tablet, an immediate release tablet or a dispersible tablet.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition that disintegrates in water at 20° C. within 5 minutes.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition that after disintegration in an aqueous medium passes through a sieve screen with a nominal mesh aperture of 710 μm.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical that can be dispersed to provide at least 1000 mg nimorazole in 100 ml water at 25° C. within 5 minutes upon stirring, wherein said dispersion passes through a sieve screen with a nominal mesh aperture of 710 μm.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition, wherein the feeding tube is selected from the group consisting of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, a nasogastric feeding tube, a nasojejunal feeding tube, a gastric feeding tube, and a jejunostomy feeding tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition, wherein the coating facilitates swallowing and masks the taste of nimorazole.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition, wherein the composition comprises at least 250 mg nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof per dosing unit.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition that can be dispersed to provide at least 2000 mg of nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in 2 dl of water at 25° C. within 3 minutes.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a kit of parts comprising the pharmaceutical composition and instructions for preparing a dispersion of the pharmaceutical composition for administration to a patient via a feeding tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a kit of parts comprising:
- a) a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising:
-
- i) nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
- ii) a disintegrant;
- iii) optionally one or more additional excipients; and
- iv) a coating;
said pharmaceutical composition allowing administration to a patient via a feeding tube by disintegrating the solid pharmaceutical composition in an aqueous medium to provide a dispersion which is administered via the feeding tube; and
b) instructions for disintegrating the solid pharmaceutical composition in an aqueous medium to form a dispersion and administering the dispersion via a feeding tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the pharmaceutical composition, made by a method comprising performing wet granulation of a composition comprising nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a method for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition, the method comprising performing wet granulation of nimorazole.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a method of treating cancer by radiosensitizing hypoxic tumor cells, the method comprising performing radiation treatment combined with the administration of at least one solid pharmaceutical composition comprising:
-
- i) nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
- ii) a disintegrant;
- iii) optionally one or more additional excipients; and
- iv) a coating;
wherein said at least one solid pharmaceutical composition is allowed to disintegrate or is dispersed in an aqueous medium and administered to a patient via a feeding tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a method of treating cancer by radiosensitizing hypoxic tumor cells, the method comprising performing radiation treatment combined with the administration of at least one solid pharmaceutical composition, wherein said at least one solid pharmaceutical composition is allowed to disintegrate or is dispersed in water or an aqueous medium and administered to a patient via a tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the method, wherein the radiation treatment comprises:
- providing said solid pharmaceutical composition comprising nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
dispersing the solid pharmaceutical composition in water or a an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion;
administering the dispersion to a patient via a feeding tube; and
administering radiation to the patient. - According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the method, wherein the dispersion contains said nimorazole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a concentration exceeding 5 mg/ml of the aqueous medium.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the method, further comprising administering chemotherapy to the patient.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the method, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, head/neck cancer, lymphoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, brain cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns a dispersion containing dispersed particulate nimorazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in an aqueous medium, wherein the concentration of nimorazole or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt exceeds the solubility limit thereof in the aqueous medium, and wherein the dispersion is formulated for administration to a patient via a feeding tube.
- According to an embodiment, the invention concerns the aqueous dispersion, wherein the particulate nimorazole or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt has an average diameter of less than 710 μm.
- All cited references are incorporated by reference.
- The following Examples are provided to explain rather than limit the present invention. It will be clear to the person skilled in the art that aspects, embodiments and claims of the present invention may be combined.
- Unless otherwise mentioned, all percentages are in w/w.
-
-
Tablet Tablet Tablet Tablet A1 A2 A3 A4 Name of mg/ mg/ mg/ mg/ ingredient Specification tablet tablet tablet tablet Intragranular Nimorazole INH. 500 500 500 500 Cellulose Ph. Eur. 50 50 50 34 microcrystalline (Avicel PH 101) Sodium Starch 14 Glycolate Crospovidone Ph. Eur. 14 14 19.5 (Kollidon CL) Povidone K30 Ph. Eur. 28 28 28 28 [Binder] Purified water BP Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Extragranular Cellulose Ph. Eur. 9 9 9 9 microcrystalline (Avicel 102) Crospovidone Ph. Eur. 35 35 35 45.5 (Kollidon CL) Silica Colloidal Ph. Eur. 7 7 7 7 anhydrous (Cab-o-sil) Magnesium Stearate Ph. Eur. 7 7 7 7 (VG) Total weight of core tablet 650 650 650 650 Film Coating Opadry 03B57695 INH. 6.5 6.5 13 16.25 Grey Purified water BP 58.5 58.5 117 Q.S. Total weight of coated tablet 656.5 656.5 663 666.25 Purified water evaporates during process and does not appear in finished product. - Unless otherwise mentioned, the environmental conditions are about 22° C. Crospovidone was replaced with Sodium Starch Glycolate for Tablet A1. Tablets were manufactured using the following steps.
-
- i. Sifting with vibratory sifter: Crospovidone was mixed with cellulose microcrystalline PH 101 and finally mixed with Nimorazole. The material was sifted through a 30# sieve using vibratory sifter.
- ii. Binder preparation and binder addition: Povidone K30 was dispersed into weighed quantity of purified water to prepare a 20% w/w dispersion under stirring.
- iii. Dry mixing in rapid mixer granulator: The sifted material from step i. was loaded into Rapid Mixer Granulator, and the material dry mixed for 10 min at slow speed of impeller, keeping Chopper off.
- iv. Wet mixing: The binder of step ii. was added into step iii. within 2 minutes with slow speed of impeller, keeping Chopper off. If required, additional sufficient quantity of purified water was added within one min.
- v. The wet mass of step iv. was mixed up to 1 minute with slow speed of impeller and slow speed chopper to get uniform consistency of the wet mass. The wet mass was discharged from Rapid Mixer Granulator with impeller at slow speed.
- vi. Wet milling in co-mill: The wet mass of step v. was passed through a 8.00 mm screen using co-mill at 700 RPM.
- vii. Drying in fluidized bed processor/dryer of the wet granular mass was performed with an inlet temperature of 60±10° C., ensuring uniform drying, until loss on drying (% LOD) was obtained. The percent loss on drying (% LOD) of the granules was determined at 105° C. in auto mode in moisture analyzer, and drying was continued until % LOD reached within the limit, in the range of 1.5 to 3.0%.
- viii. Sizing: The dried granules obtained in step vii. were sifted through a 20# sieve using Vibratory sifter to get uniform sized granules.
- ix. 20# retained granules of step viii. were sifted through 14#. 14# retained and 14# passed granules were collected separately.
- x. The 14# retained granules obtained in step ix. were milled through 2.0 mm SS screen using co-mill at 700 RPM. The milled granules were passed through 20# sieve using vibro sifter.
- xi. Both the oversized granules obtained in step x. and 14# passed 20# retained fraction of step ix. were milled through 1.0 mm SS screen using co-mill at 700 RPM. The milled granules were passed through 20# sieve using vibro sifter.
- xii. All the granules were finally sifted through 20# SS sieve using vibratory sifter.
- xiii. Blending & Lubrication in pillar type bin blender: Extragranular cellulose microcrystalline and crospovidone was sifted through 40# sieve using vibratory sifter. Subsequently, this was blended with the sifted granules for 10 minutes. Separately, silica colloidal anhydrous and magnesium stearate was sifted through 30# sieve using vibratory sifter. The mixture was added, and lubrication performed for 3 minutes.
- xiv. Compression in rotary press tablet compression machine. Tablets with average weight of 650 mg were produced, having a disintegration time of not more than 15 minutes.
- xv. Coating dispersion preparation in stirrer: Opadry 03B57695 Grey was dispersed in to weighed quantity of purified water to prepare a 10% w/w dispersion under stirring.
- xvi. Coating in autocoater: The compressed core tablets were sprayed with the film coating dispersion. The curing was at 45° C. inlet temperature.
- xvii. Packaging in blister packing machine.
- Tablets A1, A2, A3 and A4 are all suitable for oral administration as well as dispersion in water before being administered via a feeding tube. The tablets differed in terms of time necessary for dispersion and storage stability. Preliminary experiments indicate the amount of coating provides a trade-off between storage stability and dispersion time. More coating tend to provide improved storage time but also increased time for disintegration or dispersion.
- Dry mix containing Nimorazole, cellulose microcrystalline, crospovidone, granulated using granulating fluid, dried and sized. Granules further blended and lubricated with extragranular material and compressed in to tablets. Core tablets further film coated. Tablets deliver 500 mg of Nimorazole.
-
Qty. Per Qty. Per Sr. Name of Tablet Tablet (mg) No. Ingredient Category [range] [Actual] Intragranular 01. Nimorazole Active 500.000 mg 500.000 ingredient 02. Cellulose Diluent 1-50% 50.000 (7.69%) microcrystalline (Avicel PH 101) 03. Crospovidone Disintegrant 0.5-15% 14.000 (2.154%) (Kollidon CL) 04. Povidone K30 Binder 0.5-15% 28.00 (4.30%) 05. Purified Water Q.S. Q.S. Extragranular 06. Cellulose Diluent 0.5-50% 9.000 (1.385%) microcrystalline (Avicel 102) 07. Crospovidone Disintegrant 0.5-15% 35.000 (5.385%) (Kollidon CL) 08. Silica Colloidal Glidant 0.5-3% 7.000 (1.07%) anhydrous (Cab-o-Sil) 09. Magnesium Lubricant 0.5-3% 7.000 (1.07%) Stearate (VG) Coating 10. Opadry Coating 0.5-5% 13.00 (2.0%) 03B57695 Grey - Dry mix containing Nimorazole, cellulose microcrystalline, Sodium starch glycolate, granulated using granulating fluid, dried and sized. Granules further blended and lubricated with extragranular material and compressed in to tablets. Tablets deliver 500 mg of Nimorazole.
- These tablets have no coating. The absence of a coating means that some patients dislike swallowing the tablets due to the unpleasant taste of the active ingredient.
-
Qty. Per Qty. Per Sr. Name of Tablet Tablet (mg) No. Ingredient [range] [Actual] Intragranular 01. Nimorazole 500.000 mg 500.000 02. Cellulose 1-50% 50.000 (7.69%) microcrystalline (Avicel PH 101) 03. Sodium starch 0.5-15% 14.000 (2.154%) glycolate 04. Povidone K30 0.5-15% 28.00 (4.30%) 05. Purified Water Q.S. Q.S. Extragranular 06. Cellulose 0.5-50% 9.000 (1.385%) microcrystalline (Avicel 102) 07. Sodium starch 0.5-15% 35.000 (5.385%) glycolate 08. Silica Colloidal 0.5-3% 7.000 (1.07%) anhydrous (Cab-o-Sil) 09. Magnesium 0.5-3% 7.000 (1.07%) Stearate (VG) - Dry mix of Nimorazole, Citric acid Anhydrous, Aspartame, Mannitol and Sucrose granulated using granulating fluid to prepare granules. Granules dried and sized and blended with flavor. Blend packed in single unit dosage form i.e. sachet. When one sachet is dispersed in 250 ml water yields a dispersion which delivers 500 mg of Nimorazole. This oral powder is less suited for direct oral administration without being dispersed in water.
-
Qty. Per Qty. Per Sr. Name of Sachet Sachet(mg) No. Ingredient (range) (Actual) Intragranular 01. Nimorazole 500.00 mg 500.00 02. Citric acid 0.5-15% 40.00 (3.13%) Anhydrous 03. Aspartame 0.5-25% 250.00 (19.6%) 04. Mannitol 0.5-50% 185.00 (14.51%) 05. Sucrose 0.5-50% 100.00 (7.84%) 06. Purified Water Q.S. Q.S. Extragranular 07. Flavor 0.5-50% 40 (3.17%) 08. NAT FL Modulator 0.5-50% 160 (12.5%) (Sweet) FMT TM P - Nimorazole, Cellulose Microcrystalline, Silica Colloidal Anhydrous, Maize Starch, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Povidone granulated by spraying granulating fluid by using Top spray assembly. Granules further coated with basic butylated methacrylate copolymer hydro-alcoholic solution. Quantity equivalent to unit dose packed in sachet dispersed in 250 ml of water delivers 500 mg.
- These granules have a tendency to clog a feeding tube, when the granules are allowed to disintegrate or disperse in water.
-
Qty. Per Qty. Per Sr. Name of Dose Dose (mg) No. Ingredient (range) (Actual) Core granules 01. Nimorazole 500 mg 500 mg 02. Cellulose 0.5-50% 140* (19.8%) Microcrystalline (Avicel 101) 03. Silica Colloidal 0.5-3% 5.00* (0.7%) Anhydrous 04. Maize Starch 0.5-15% 22.00* (3.11) 05. Hydroxypropylcellulose 0.5-15% 7.50* (1.06%) (HPC-L) 06. Povidone (Dry Mixing) 0.5-15% 5.00* (0.7%) 07. Povidone (Binding) 0.5-15% 20.00* (2.82%) 08. Purified Water q.s. q.s. Extragranular 09. Talc 0.25-3% 5.25 (0.74%) 10. Silica Colloidal Anhydrous 0.15-3% 1.75 (0.25%) Coated Granules Coating Dispersion Ingredient 11. Basic Butylated 0.5-10% 26.25* (3.71%) Methacrylate Copolymer 12. Macrogol 6000 2-30% 2.625@ (10.0%) 13. Talc 5-50% 13.125@ (50%) 14. Silica Colloidal Anhydrous 0.5-3% 0.058@ (0.22%) 15. Isopropyl Alcohol q.s q.s 16. Purified Water q.s q.s Total weight Lubrication of coated Granules 17. Talc 0.05-3% 0.800 18. Silica Colloidal Anhydrous 0.02-3% 0.354 *Quantity expressed as % w/w of core granules @Quantity expressed as % w/w of Polymer weight - Experiments indicate the solubility of Nimorazole in water is 4.91 mg/ml.
- Tablets A1 had a thickness of 5.61 to 5.65 mm. The disintegration time was measured to 2-3 min.
- Tablets A2 had a thickness of 5.65 to 5.68 mm. The disintegration time was measured to 18 seconds.
- The % Cumulative Drug Release was measured in 900 ml 0.1 N HCl in a USP type II apparatus at 50 RPM for 30 minutes, with measurements performed at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes.
-
500 mg % Cumulative Drug Release Nimorazole tablets 5 min. 10 min. 20 min. 30 min. Tablet A1 74 94 96 100 Tablet A2 86 94 96 98 - The use of Crospovidone as a disintegrant instead of Sodium Starch Glycolate decreased the disintegration time, and provided a significant increase in dissolution rate, wherein more than 85% of the drug was released within 5 minutes.
- Preliminary experiments indicate Tablet A4 disintegrates in less than 3 minutes. About 85% of the active ingredient, Nimorazole, dissolves before 10 minutes, and the active ingredient is almost completely dissolved before 30 minutes.
Claims (22)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/193,761 US8741344B1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2014-02-28 | Dispersible tablet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/680,216 US8703188B1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-19 | Dispersible tablet |
US14/193,761 US8741344B1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2014-02-28 | Dispersible tablet |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/680,216 Division US8703188B1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-19 | Dispersible tablet |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US8741344B1 US8741344B1 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
US20140178470A1 true US20140178470A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
Family
ID=50481776
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/680,216 Active US8703188B1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-19 | Dispersible tablet |
US14/193,761 Active US8741344B1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2014-02-28 | Dispersible tablet |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/680,216 Active US8703188B1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-19 | Dispersible tablet |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8703188B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3563842A1 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2019-11-06 | Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising epa and a cardiovascular agent and methods of using the same |
EP4326244A1 (en) | 2021-04-21 | 2024-02-28 | Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited | Methods of reducing the risk of heart failure |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3483212A (en) | 1967-09-18 | 1969-12-09 | Pfizer & Co C | 5-nitroimidazoles |
US4218449A (en) | 1978-08-21 | 1980-08-19 | John R. A. Simoons | Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases |
US4371540A (en) | 1979-09-14 | 1983-02-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | Nitroimidazoles of low toxicity and high activity as radiosensitizers of hypoxic tumor cells |
US4462992A (en) | 1982-02-08 | 1984-07-31 | Research Corporation | Nitroimidazole radiosensitizers for hypoxic tumor cells and compositions thereof |
WO1996030043A1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Ophidian Pharmaceuticals | Treatment for verotoxin-producing escherichia coli |
US9884014B2 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2018-02-06 | Adare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Taste-masked pharmaceutical compositions |
WO2008121476A1 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-09 | Tapestry Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Biologically active taxane analogs and methods of treatment by oral administration |
WO2008154927A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Genmab A/S | Novel methods for treating egfr-associated tumors |
AU2012247868B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2016-07-07 | Aarhus Universitet | Method for determining clinically relevant hypoxia in cancer |
-
2012
- 2012-11-19 US US13/680,216 patent/US8703188B1/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-02-28 US US14/193,761 patent/US8741344B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8741344B1 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
US8703188B1 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6932746B2 (en) | Enzalutamide preparation | |
JP6325627B2 (en) | Orally disintegrating tablet and method for producing the same | |
WO2011071139A1 (en) | Dry-coated orally disintegrating tablet | |
MX2012000048A (en) | 3-cyanoquinoline tablet formulations and uses thereof. | |
KR20100099113A (en) | Zibotentan composition containing mannitol and/or microcrystalline cellulose | |
JP2022105754A (en) | Laxative tablet | |
US8741344B1 (en) | Dispersible tablet | |
AU2013347264B2 (en) | Dispersible tablet | |
KR102598782B1 (en) | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising alpelisib | |
US20150283083A1 (en) | Dispersible Tablet | |
DK177906B1 (en) | Dispersible tablet | |
JP7148319B2 (en) | Orally disintegrating tablet containing prasugrel | |
KR101501889B1 (en) | Orally disintegrating tablet containing low-dose ramosetron | |
TW201446287A (en) | Rapidly disintegrating tablet suitable for administration to infants and simple production method therefor | |
US20190209551A1 (en) | Oral dosage forms for oxygen-containing active agents and oxyl-containing polymer | |
US20200214985A1 (en) | Pharmaceutical composition particles, orally disintegrating preparation containing same, and method for producing pharmaceutical composition particles | |
CN115803020A (en) | Orally disintegrating tablet containing milobalin besylate | |
KR101625344B1 (en) | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising celecoxib and duloxetine | |
JP2021102610A (en) | Pharmaceutical composition | |
TW202333702A (en) | Medicinal composition with improved dissolution properties | |
JP2023521498A (en) | Methods and compositions for treating prostate cancer | |
WO2020209350A1 (en) | Rapid disintegrating oral tablet for treatment of diabetes | |
JP2021075530A (en) | Pharmaceutical composition | |
JP2011132252A (en) | Compressed solid dosage form manufacturing process well-suited for use with drug of low aqueous solubility and compressed solid dosage form made thereby |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AZANTA A/S, DENMARK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DUMBRE, NILESH TANHAJI;BHADGALE, MAHESH MOHANRAO;BAFNA, VARDHAMAN CHANDRAKANT;REEL/FRAME:032334/0718 Effective date: 20130131 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AZANTA A/S, DENMARK Free format text: ASSIGNEE CHANGE OF ADDRESS;ASSIGNORS:DUMBRE, NILESH TANHAJI;BHADGALE, MAHESH MOHANRAO;BAFNA, VARDHAMAN CHANDRAKANT;REEL/FRAME:040169/0850 Effective date: 20130131 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISCOUNTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: BIG.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1552); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INPHENA APS, DENMARK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AZANTA A/S;REEL/FRAME:062522/0647 Effective date: 20230102 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AFYX THERAPEUTICS A/S, DENMARK Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INPHENA APS;REEL/FRAME:067499/0889 Effective date: 20240405 |