US20140144015A1 - Method for electrically conductively connecting a contact piece to an electrical conductor, and corresponding arrangement - Google Patents
Method for electrically conductively connecting a contact piece to an electrical conductor, and corresponding arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- US20140144015A1 US20140144015A1 US14/087,146 US201314087146A US2014144015A1 US 20140144015 A1 US20140144015 A1 US 20140144015A1 US 201314087146 A US201314087146 A US 201314087146A US 2014144015 A1 US2014144015 A1 US 2014144015A1
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- contact part
- conductor
- tool
- protrusion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
- H01R43/0214—Resistance welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/1205—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using translation movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/125—Rotary tool drive mechanism
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1265—Non-butt welded joints, e.g. overlap-joints, T-joints or spot welds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/02—Soldered or welded connections
- H01R4/023—Soldered or welded connections between cables or wires and terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
- H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
- H01R4/187—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping combined with soldering or welding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
- H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
- H01R4/20—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping using a crimping sleeve
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/62—Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors
- H01R4/625—Soldered or welded connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
- H01R43/0207—Ultrasonic-, H.F.-, cold- or impact welding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/20—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for assembling or disassembling contact members with insulating base, case or sleeve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/32—Wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/38—Conductors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49174—Assembling terminal to elongated conductor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49174—Assembling terminal to elongated conductor
- Y10T29/49179—Assembling terminal to elongated conductor by metal fusion bonding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49174—Assembling terminal to elongated conductor
- Y10T29/49181—Assembling terminal to elongated conductor by deforming
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/5313—Means to assemble electrical device
- Y10T29/532—Conductor
- Y10T29/53209—Terminal or connector
- Y10T29/53213—Assembled to wire-type conductor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for electrically conductively connecting a contact piece on the basis of copper to an electrical conductor consisting of a plurality of individual wires of aluminum, as well as a corresponding arrangement.
- the contact piece on the basis of copper consists either of copper or of a copper alloy. Additionally, it may have on its outer surface a layer of, for example, tin, zinc or nickel which are for example, precipitated galvanically. In the following, the contact piece is referred to only as “contact piece” without material identification.
- the individual wires of the conductor are either of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. In the following, only the material “aluminum” is taken into consideration.
- Conductors of aluminum are increasingly used especially as replacement for copper conductors for reasons of weight and cost. Principal fields of use of such conductors are, for example, automobile and airplane technology. The lower electrical conductivity of the aluminum as compared to copper does not play a role for most applications.
- problems occur when placing contact parts on the conductors because aluminum conductors are surrounded by an electrically very poorly conducting oxide layer. This deficiency becomes apparent in the case of conductors which are composed of a plurality of individual wires, also called stranded conductors, each of which is surrounded by an oxide layer which cannot be avoided without special treatment. This problem has been known for a long time and is described in numerous documents, wherein the following four references shall be mentioned.
- DE 102 23 397 B4 discloses a method by means of which a contact element is electrically mounted on a stranded conductor of aluminum wires.
- a metal sleeve which is covered on the inner side with tin is pushed onto the end of the stranded conductor.
- the individual wires are then galvanized or welded at their end faces and with the sleeve by means of ultrasound or protective gas welding.
- the oxide layers which surround the individual layers are to be broken open in this process. This results in a cover like tinning or welding at the end of the stranded conductor.
- the contact element is pushed on and pressed together with the end of the stranded conductor.
- the cover-like tinning or welding is not included in the pressing procedure.
- DE 103 46 160 B3 describes a method for contacting an aluminum conductor constructed as a stranded conductor in which a contact clamp, which is coated with tin on the inner side and composed of copper, is pushed onto the end of a stranded conductor consisting of aluminum.
- the tubular contact clamp is coated with tin at the end face of the aluminum conductor by means of ultrasound tinning together with the same, or is welded metal against metal by means of a known welding method.
- a supply of contacting agent is applied to the end of an existing stranded conductor and is heated at least up to the range of its melting temperature.
- a material connection is to be obtained between the stranded conductor and a cup-shaped contact element which is simultaneously or subsequently pushed onto the stranded conductor.
- the stranded conductor can be clipped into a tin bath, thereby a portion of the stranded conductor can be severed or cut for forming a fresh cutting or severing surface in the tin bath.
- the contact element is pressed around the stranded conductor with decreasing effect of the tension.
- DE 10 2011 018 353 A1 describes a method for connecting a contact part with a stranded conductor consisting of aluminum.
- a support sleeve is mounted on the stranded conductor at its end and is pressed together with the same.
- a rotationally symmetrical contact part is welded to the end face of the stranded conductor, for example, by means of rotational friction welding.
- an inter-metal is formed between the contact part and the stranded conductor.
- the invention is based on the object of indicating a method for connecting a contact part to an aluminum conductor consisting of individual aluminum wires, through which an effective electrically conductive connection between the entire cross section and the contact part can be achieved.
- a contact part on the basis of copper is electrically conductively connected to an electrical conductor containing aluminum, in which a contact part is used which contains a bottom and a cylindrical sleeve integrally connected to the bottom and from the sleeve, which, when tightly resting against the sleeve, can be pushed onto the conductor to such an extent that the end face of the conductor rests on the floor of the contact part by means of: which subsequently at least one rotating tool is placed with sustained pressure at least in the area of the floor until, due to increased temperature caused by friction the material of the conductor is increased to such an extent that it is integrally connected with the contact part or is welded to the contact part by diffusion, wherein the wall, of the contact part is not broken through the tool, and by which, subsequently, the tool is removed from the contact part.
- the conductor is also at its ends initially freed of possibly present layers, particularly of an insulation surrounding the layer.
- the contact part is slid, particularly by an insulation surrounding the same, onto the end of the conductor exposed in this manner.
- the contact part is pushed onto the conductor until its end face rests against the bottom of the contact part. Additional materials such as tin or fastening elements are not used.
- the tool can be pressed at least against the bottom of the contact part and the contact part is also pressed against the tool.
- the latter When placing the tool against the contact part, the latter is advantageously already placed in rotation. However, it can also be placed in rotation only after placement of the contact part.
- the tool rotates with a sufficiently high rate of rotation so that as a consequence of the high temperature produced by the friction, the aluminum of the conductor changes into a doughy state.
- the material of the contact part is in this procedure also heated, it can only be done to such an extent that the wall of the contact part is pressed in the direction of the conductor. A penetration of the wall of the contact part does not take place.
- the aluminum of the conductor is already softened to such an extent that it can integrally connect with the contact part or by diffusion to the contact part. This is achieved by the increased temperature and the pressure exerted from the tool onto the contact part. Any oxide layers present in the conductor are broken up, so that the electrically conductive connection between conductor and contact part is not impaired. The tool can then be removed from the contact part.
- the tool is also additionally or exclusively used at the circumferential surface of the sleeve.
- the tool can be inserted, for example, at three locations which are offset by 120° in the circumferential direction; however, it can also be pressed against the sleeve in more than three different. positions. It is also possible to use two or more tools simultaneously.
- the contact part can be pressed to the conductor.
- a tool can be used which is adjustable in relation to the axis of the conductor in the radial direction, and which rotates around the contact part.
- the tool is pressed into the contact part in the radial direction. As a result, it produces a circumferential groove in the contact part.
- FIG. 1 shows a cup-like contact part and the end of an electrical conductor composed of individual wires, illustrated separately from each other.
- FIG. 2 shows the end of the conductor surrounded by the contact part of FIG. 1 , together with the schematically illustrated tool.
- FIG. 3 shows the conductor end with a tool penetrating the contact part.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show embodiments of the conductor end deviating from FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 6 shows the end of a tool usable in the method.
- FIGS. 7 to 9 show different embodiments modified as compared to FIG. 6 .
- the method according to the invention is a welding method, wherein the increased temperature required for welding is produced by friction.
- the method can also be called “friction stir welding” and has the effect that the aluminum of the conductor integrally connects with the copper of the contact part at a temperature that is lower than the welding temperature, caused also by the pressure applied by the tool and the deformation work applied as a result. Consequently, the tool applied in this manner has correspondingly a friction surface by means of which it can be pressed against the contact part with sustained pressure, or is pressed into the wall of the contact part.
- the friction surface must be constructed in such a way that the wall of the contact part is not damaged during operation of the tool and in particular does not break through.
- a protrusion can protrude from the end face of the tool which serves as the friction surface, wherein the protrusion can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically relative to the axis of rotation of the tool.
- the tool with the protrusion only one symmetrically arranged protrusion is taken into consideration.
- a tool is also illustrated in the drawings.
- the tool can also be arranged without protrusion. It is placed against the contact part at the beginning of the process and is continuously moved during its rotation in the direction toward the contact part, so that it continuously rests under pressure against the contact part. As already mentioned in a preferred embodiment, it may already have been placed in rotation prior to the contact with the contact part.
- FIG. 1 a sectional view through a contact part K and the end of a conductor are illustrated.
- the contact part K is composed of copper or a copper alloy. In the following it will only be referred to as “contact part.”
- the conductor consists of a plurality of individual wires of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy. It is in the following merely called “conductor.”
- the contact part K is constructed cup-shaped. It has a bottom 1 and a single piece cylindrical sleeve 2 connected thereto and protruding from the bottom.
- the contact part K may be equipped with a connection element 3 for providing for downstream conductors.
- the connecting element 3 can, as illustrated in the drawing, protrude in the radial direction from the contact part K. However, it may also be arranged so as to extend in the axial direction past the contact part.
- the conductor 4 consists of a plurality of individual wires which, for example, have already been stranded together. It is surrounded by an insulation 5 which is removed at the end of the conductor 4 , so that the individual wires are exposed.
- the contact part K is pushed onto the conductor 4 until its end face rests against the bottom I of the contact part K, in accordance with FIG. 2 .
- the sleeve 2 of the contact part K is dimensioned in such a way that it rests tightly against the conductor 4 and tightly contacts the same.
- a tool 6 is then placed against the contact part K which is constructed with a pin-like protrusion 7 .
- the tool 6 preferably is of steel. It must be in all cases harder than the material of the contact part K. Possible shapes of the tool 6 are explained in connection with FIGS. 7 to 9 .
- the bottom 1 of the contact part K is heated through friction.
- the contact part K is pressed together with the conductor 4 , or is held in position by the holding device which acts from outside.
- the tool 6 When carrying out the method, for example, by means of an electrical motor, the tool 6 is rotated about its axis A and is subsequently moved in the direction of the arrow P. It is subsequently pressed with sustained pressure against the bottom 1 of the contact part K, so that the material thereof is heated by friction. This heating is transferred from the contact part K to the conductor 4 which rests with its end face on the bottom 1 .
- the method is carried out at a sufficient rate of rotation of the tool 6 until the material of the conductor 4 has changed over into a doughy state, so that it integrally connects to the contact part K or is welded thereto by diffusion.
- the appropriate temperature is below 500° C., i.e. relatively well below the melting temperature of aluminum which is about 658° C.
- the rate of rotation of the tool 6 is, for example, 3,000 rotations per minute.
- the tool 6 is pressed, for example, with a feed of 150 mm per minute against the contact part K and is moved on average about 0.15 mm.
- the duration of the method advantageously is between 0.5 and 5.0 seconds.
- the material of the bottom 1 of the contact part K is plasticized and deformed at the indicated temperature. Therefore, the bottom 1 of the contact part K is pressed by the tool 6 and particularly the projection 7 without breaking its wall into the conductor 4 , as it is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3 . As a result, it receives a dent located in the conductor 4 with an increased surface area as compared to the planar bottom, and correspondingly increased contact surface as compared to conductor 4 .
- the contact part K can be held in position by means of a holding device which acts from the outside, as only schematically illustrated in FIG. 3 . It particularly prevents a rotation of the contact part K on the conductor 4 .
- the contact part K can also or additionally be processed in the area of its sleeve 2 by means of a tool 6 in the described sense.
- the tool 6 according to FIG. 4 , is placed against the sleeve 2 in the radial direction.
- the temperature is raised by friction between the tool 6 and the sleeve 2 to such an extent until the above described connection or welding between sleeve 2 and conductor 4 is achieved.
- the sleeve 2 is processed in the above described sense at three locations which are offset in the circumferential direction by 120°. However, it may also be more than three sides which are randomly distributed over the circumferential surface of the sleeve 2 .
- the conductor 4 can also be rotated with a contact part K attached fixedly and non-rotatably thereto. Also, below the tool 6 with protrusion 7 the conductor 4 can be rotated about its axis B, namely in accordance with the schematic illustration in FIG. 5 .
- the rotation of the conductor 4 takes place advantageously about at most 360°, for example, with continuously changing direction of rotation.
- FIG. 6 A possible embodiment of the tool 6 can be seen in FIG. 6 . It has a preferably cylindrical bolt 10 with a circular cross section and a planar end face 11 extending perpendicularly to its axis A.
- the bolt 10 could also have a polygonal cross section.
- the end face 11 is the friction surface of the tool 6 resting against the contact part K.
- the bolt 10 of the tool 6 has an increased friction surface due to the protrusion 7 protruding from its end face 11 .
- the radial dimensions of the protrusion 7 are smaller than the radial dimensions of the bolt 10 .
- the protrusion 7 may be constructed cylindrically. At its free end it can also be provided with a chamfer or it may be rounded.
- the protrusion 7 can also be constructed conically with a decreasing diameter pointing away from the bolt 10 .
- the protrusion 7 may additionally be provided with a thread.
- FIG. 9 Another embodiment of the protrusion 7 is illustrated in FIG. 9 . Consequently, the protrusion 7 is constructed so as to extend at an acute angle Lacing away from the bottom 10 .
Abstract
A method is provided for electrically conductively connecting a contact part on the basis of copper to an electrical conductor composed of a plurality of individual wires containing aluminum. A cup-shaped contact part which has a bottom and a cylindrical sleeve, which is integrally connected to the bottom and protrudes from the bottom, is pushed with tight contact of the sleeve against the conductor to such an extent until the end face of the conductor rests against the bottom of the contact part. Consequently, at least one rotating tool (6) is applied with sustained pressure, until due to increased temperature of the conductor, the conductor is softened to such an extent that it integrally connects with the contact part. The wall of the contact part is not broken through by the tool. Finally, the tool is removed from the contact part.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of priority from European Patent Application Nos. 12 306 457.8, filed on Nov. 23, 2012 and 13 182 307.2, filed on Aug. 30, 2013, the entirety of which are incorporated by reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The invention relates to a method for electrically conductively connecting a contact piece on the basis of copper to an electrical conductor consisting of a plurality of individual wires of aluminum, as well as a corresponding arrangement.
- 2. Description of Prior Art
- The contact piece on the basis of copper consists either of copper or of a copper alloy. Additionally, it may have on its outer surface a layer of, for example, tin, zinc or nickel which are for example, precipitated galvanically. In the following, the contact piece is referred to only as “contact piece” without material identification. The individual wires of the conductor are either of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. In the following, only the material “aluminum” is taken into consideration.
- Conductors of aluminum are increasingly used especially as replacement for copper conductors for reasons of weight and cost. Principal fields of use of such conductors are, for example, automobile and airplane technology. The lower electrical conductivity of the aluminum as compared to copper does not play a role for most applications. However, problems occur when placing contact parts on the conductors because aluminum conductors are surrounded by an electrically very poorly conducting oxide layer. This deficiency becomes apparent in the case of conductors which are composed of a plurality of individual wires, also called stranded conductors, each of which is surrounded by an oxide layer which cannot be avoided without special treatment. This problem has been known for a long time and is described in numerous documents, wherein the following four references shall be mentioned.
- DE 102 23 397 B4 discloses a method by means of which a contact element is electrically mounted on a stranded conductor of aluminum wires. For this purpose, a metal sleeve which is covered on the inner side with tin is pushed onto the end of the stranded conductor. The individual wires are then galvanized or welded at their end faces and with the sleeve by means of ultrasound or protective gas welding. The oxide layers which surround the individual layers are to be broken open in this process. This results in a cover like tinning or welding at the end of the stranded conductor. Finally, the contact element is pushed on and pressed together with the end of the stranded conductor. The cover-like tinning or welding is not included in the pressing procedure.
- DE 103 46 160 B3 describes a method for contacting an aluminum conductor constructed as a stranded conductor in which a contact clamp, which is coated with tin on the inner side and composed of copper, is pushed onto the end of a stranded conductor consisting of aluminum. The tubular contact clamp is coated with tin at the end face of the aluminum conductor by means of ultrasound tinning together with the same, or is welded metal against metal by means of a known welding method.
- In the method according to DE 103 57 048 A1, a supply of contacting agent is applied to the end of an existing stranded conductor and is heated at least up to the range of its melting temperature. In so doing, through the contacting agent for forming an electrical contact, a material connection is to be obtained between the stranded conductor and a cup-shaped contact element which is simultaneously or subsequently pushed onto the stranded conductor. For applying the contacting agent, the stranded conductor can be clipped into a tin bath, thereby a portion of the stranded conductor can be severed or cut for forming a fresh cutting or severing surface in the tin bath. The contact element is pressed around the stranded conductor with decreasing effect of the tension.
- DE 10 2011 018 353 A1 describes a method for connecting a contact part with a stranded conductor consisting of aluminum. A support sleeve is mounted on the stranded conductor at its end and is pressed together with the same. Subsequently, a rotationally symmetrical contact part is welded to the end face of the stranded conductor, for example, by means of rotational friction welding. In this method, an inter-metal is formed between the contact part and the stranded conductor.
- The invention is based on the object of indicating a method for connecting a contact part to an aluminum conductor consisting of individual aluminum wires, through which an effective electrically conductive connection between the entire cross section and the contact part can be achieved.
- In accordance with the invention, this object is met by the totality of the following features:
- A contact part on the basis of copper is electrically conductively connected to an electrical conductor containing aluminum, in which a contact part is used which contains a bottom and a cylindrical sleeve integrally connected to the bottom and from the sleeve, which, when tightly resting against the sleeve, can be pushed onto the conductor to such an extent that the end face of the conductor rests on the floor of the contact part by means of: which subsequently at least one rotating tool is placed with sustained pressure at least in the area of the floor until, due to increased temperature caused by friction the material of the conductor is increased to such an extent that it is integrally connected with the contact part or is welded to the contact part by diffusion, wherein the wall, of the contact part is not broken through the tool, and by which, subsequently, the tool is removed from the contact part.
- When using this method, the conductor is also at its ends initially freed of possibly present layers, particularly of an insulation surrounding the layer. The contact part is slid, particularly by an insulation surrounding the same, onto the end of the conductor exposed in this manner. The contact part is pushed onto the conductor until its end face rests against the bottom of the contact part. Additional materials such as tin or fastening elements are not used. Subsequently, the tool can be pressed at least against the bottom of the contact part and the contact part is also pressed against the tool.
- When placing the tool against the contact part, the latter is advantageously already placed in rotation. However, it can also be placed in rotation only after placement of the contact part. When the method is carried out, the tool rotates with a sufficiently high rate of rotation so that as a consequence of the high temperature produced by the friction, the aluminum of the conductor changes into a doughy state. The material of the contact part is in this procedure also heated, it can only be done to such an extent that the wall of the contact part is pressed in the direction of the conductor. A penetration of the wall of the contact part does not take place. When the desired temperature is reached, the aluminum of the conductor is already softened to such an extent that it can integrally connect with the contact part or by diffusion to the contact part. This is achieved by the increased temperature and the pressure exerted from the tool onto the contact part. Any oxide layers present in the conductor are broken up, so that the electrically conductive connection between conductor and contact part is not impaired. The tool can then be removed from the contact part.
- Advantageously, the tool is also additionally or exclusively used at the circumferential surface of the sleeve. The tool can be inserted, for example, at three locations which are offset by 120° in the circumferential direction; however, it can also be pressed against the sleeve in more than three different. positions. It is also possible to use two or more tools simultaneously.
- In all embodiments of the method, it at least makes sense to “hold” the contact element until it cannot be rotated on the conductor. For this purpose, the contact part can be pressed to the conductor. However, it is also possible to fix the contact part in a holding device.
- In accordance with another embodiment of the method, it is also possible to rotate the contact part with the conductor surrounding it about the axis thereof, at an angle of at most 360° when a rotating tool rests against its circumferential surface under pressure.
- In accordance with another embodiment of the method, a tool can be used which is adjustable in relation to the axis of the conductor in the radial direction, and which rotates around the contact part. The tool is pressed into the contact part in the radial direction. As a result, it produces a circumferential groove in the contact part.
- The method according to the invention will be explained below with the aid of embodiments.
- In the drawing:
-
FIG. 1 shows a cup-like contact part and the end of an electrical conductor composed of individual wires, illustrated separately from each other. -
FIG. 2 shows the end of the conductor surrounded by the contact part ofFIG. 1 , together with the schematically illustrated tool. -
FIG. 3 shows the conductor end with a tool penetrating the contact part. -
FIGS. 4 and 5 show embodiments of the conductor end deviating fromFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 6 shows the end of a tool usable in the method. -
FIGS. 7 to 9 show different embodiments modified as compared toFIG. 6 . - The method according to the invention is a welding method, wherein the increased temperature required for welding is produced by friction. The method can also be called “friction stir welding” and has the effect that the aluminum of the conductor integrally connects with the copper of the contact part at a temperature that is lower than the welding temperature, caused also by the pressure applied by the tool and the deformation work applied as a result. Consequently, the tool applied in this manner has correspondingly a friction surface by means of which it can be pressed against the contact part with sustained pressure, or is pressed into the wall of the contact part. The friction surface must be constructed in such a way that the wall of the contact part is not damaged during operation of the tool and in particular does not break through. A protrusion can protrude from the end face of the tool which serves as the friction surface, wherein the protrusion can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically relative to the axis of rotation of the tool.
- In the following description, in the embodiment of the tool with the protrusion, only one symmetrically arranged protrusion is taken into consideration. Such a tool is also illustrated in the drawings. However, the tool can also be arranged without protrusion. It is placed against the contact part at the beginning of the process and is continuously moved during its rotation in the direction toward the contact part, so that it continuously rests under pressure against the contact part. As already mentioned in a preferred embodiment, it may already have been placed in rotation prior to the contact with the contact part.
- In
FIG. 1 a sectional view through a contact part K and the end of a conductor are illustrated. The contact part K is composed of copper or a copper alloy. In the following it will only be referred to as “contact part.” The conductor consists of a plurality of individual wires of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy. It is in the following merely called “conductor.” - The contact part K is constructed cup-shaped. It has a bottom 1 and a single piece cylindrical sleeve 2 connected thereto and protruding from the bottom. The contact part K may be equipped with a connection element 3 for providing for downstream conductors. The connecting element 3 can, as illustrated in the drawing, protrude in the radial direction from the contact part K. However, it may also be arranged so as to extend in the axial direction past the contact part. The conductor 4 consists of a plurality of individual wires which, for example, have already been stranded together. It is surrounded by an insulation 5 which is removed at the end of the conductor 4, so that the individual wires are exposed.
- For carrying out the method, the contact part K is pushed onto the conductor 4 until its end face rests against the bottom I of the contact part K, in accordance with
FIG. 2 . The sleeve 2 of the contact part K is dimensioned in such a way that it rests tightly against the conductor 4 and tightly contacts the same. Atool 6 is then placed against the contact part K which is constructed with a pin-like protrusion 7. Thetool 6 preferably is of steel. It must be in all cases harder than the material of the contact part K. Possible shapes of thetool 6 are explained in connection withFIGS. 7 to 9 . By turning thetool 6 about its axis A, the bottom 1 of the contact part K is heated through friction. In order to exclude a rotation of the contact part K on the conductor 4 while the method is being carried out, the contact part K is pressed together with the conductor 4, or is held in position by the holding device which acts from outside. - When carrying out the method, for example, by means of an electrical motor, the
tool 6 is rotated about its axis A and is subsequently moved in the direction of the arrow P. It is subsequently pressed with sustained pressure against the bottom 1 of the contact part K, so that the material thereof is heated by friction. This heating is transferred from the contact part K to the conductor 4 which rests with its end face on the bottom 1. The method is carried out at a sufficient rate of rotation of thetool 6 until the material of the conductor 4 has changed over into a doughy state, so that it integrally connects to the contact part K or is welded thereto by diffusion. The appropriate temperature is below 500° C., i.e. relatively well below the melting temperature of aluminum which is about 658° C. - When carrying out the method, the rate of rotation of the
tool 6 is, for example, 3,000 rotations per minute. Thetool 6 is pressed, for example, with a feed of 150 mm per minute against the contact part K and is moved on average about 0.15 mm. The duration of the method advantageously is between 0.5 and 5.0 seconds. - The material of the bottom 1 of the contact part K is plasticized and deformed at the indicated temperature. Therefore, the bottom 1 of the contact part K is pressed by the
tool 6 and particularly theprojection 7 without breaking its wall into the conductor 4, as it is illustrated schematically inFIG. 3 . As a result, it receives a dent located in the conductor 4 with an increased surface area as compared to the planar bottom, and correspondingly increased contact surface as compared to conductor 4. During the time the above described method is carried out, the contact part K can be held in position by means of a holding device which acts from the outside, as only schematically illustrated inFIG. 3 . It particularly prevents a rotation of the contact part K on the conductor 4. - The contact part K can also or additionally be processed in the area of its sleeve 2 by means of a
tool 6 in the described sense. For this purpose, thetool 6 according toFIG. 4 , is placed against the sleeve 2 in the radial direction. Also, at the appropriate location, the temperature is raised by friction between thetool 6 and the sleeve 2 to such an extent until the above described connection or welding between sleeve 2 and conductor 4 is achieved. Advantageously, the sleeve 2 is processed in the above described sense at three locations which are offset in the circumferential direction by 120°. However, it may also be more than three sides which are randomly distributed over the circumferential surface of the sleeve 2. In particular in this embodiment of the method, it is also possible to use two or more tools simultaneously with a construction intended, for example, for thetool 6. - In a further embodiment of the method, the conductor 4 can also be rotated with a contact part K attached fixedly and non-rotatably thereto. Also, below the
tool 6 withprotrusion 7 the conductor 4 can be rotated about its axis B, namely in accordance with the schematic illustration inFIG. 5 . The rotation of the conductor 4 takes place advantageously about at most 360°, for example, with continuously changing direction of rotation. This results then finally in the sleeve 2 of the contact part K in a circumferential groove 9 extending in the circumferential direction with metallurgical fixedly connected material of the conductor 4. In this sense, two or more parallel grooves can be produced in the sleeve 2. - A possible embodiment of the
tool 6 can be seen inFIG. 6 . It has a preferablycylindrical bolt 10 with a circular cross section and aplanar end face 11 extending perpendicularly to its axis A. Thebolt 10 could also have a polygonal cross section. Theend face 11 is the friction surface of thetool 6 resting against the contact part K. - In accordance with
FIGS. 7 to 9 , thebolt 10 of thetool 6 has an increased friction surface due to theprotrusion 7 protruding from itsend face 11. The radial dimensions of theprotrusion 7 are smaller than the radial dimensions of thebolt 10. - In accordance with
FIG. 7 , theprotrusion 7 may be constructed cylindrically. At its free end it can also be provided with a chamfer or it may be rounded. - In accordance with
FIG. 8 , theprotrusion 7 can also be constructed conically with a decreasing diameter pointing away from thebolt 10. - In the embodiments according to
FIGS. 7 and 8 , theprotrusion 7 may additionally be provided with a thread. - Another embodiment of the
protrusion 7 is illustrated inFIG. 9 . Consequently, theprotrusion 7 is constructed so as to extend at an acute angle Lacing away from the bottom 10.
Claims (12)
1. Method for electrically conductively connecting a contact part on the basis of copper to an electrical conductor composed of a plurality of individual wires containing aluminum, said method comprising the steps of
a cup-shaped contact part, which includes a bottom and a cylindrical sleeve integrally connected to and projecting away from the bottom with tight contact of the sleeve to the conductor, is pushed onto the conductor until the end face of the conductor rests against the bottom of the contact part;
by means of which subsequently to the contact part is at least one rotating tool placed with sustained pressure, at least in the area of the bottom of the contact part, until the material of the conductor is softened due no the increased temperature of the material of the conductor due to friction to such an extent that it integrally connects to the contact part,
wherein the wall of t contact part is not broken by the tool; and
finally the tool is removed from the contact part.
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the contact part and the conductor are heated by the rotating tool while maintaining the pressure exerted by the tool on the contact part to such an extent until the material of the conductor is welded by diffusion to the contact part.
3. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claim 1 , wherein the tool has an end face which serves as a friction surface which is determined for contact with the contact part whose radial dimensions are smaller than the radial dimensions of the bottom of the contact part.
4. Arrangement according to claim 3 , wherein the tool has at its end face a protrusion protruding from the end face for contacting the contact part.
5. Arrangement according to claim 4 , wherein the protrusion is arranged symmetrically with the axis of the tool.
6. Arrangement according to claim 4 , wherein the protrusion is arranged eccentrically with the axis of tool.
7. Arrangement according to claim 4 , wherein the protrusion is constructed so as to be pin-like.
8. Arrangement according to claim 7 , wherein the protrusion is constructed to be cylindrical.
9. Arrangement according to claim 8 , wherein the protrusion has a chamfered or rounded tip.
10. Arrangement according to claim 7 , wherein the protrusion is constructed conically, with dimensions which decrease with increasing distance from the tool.
11. Arrangement according to one of claim 7 , wherein the protrusion is provided with a thread.
12. Arrangement according to claim 7 , wherein the protrusion is constructed so as to form an acute angle facing away from the tool.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/831,413 US10404025B2 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2015-08-20 | Arrangement for electrically conductively connecting a contact piece to an electrical connector |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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EP12306457.8 | 2012-11-23 | ||
EP12306457 | 2012-11-23 | ||
EP13182307.2A EP2735397B1 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2013-08-30 | Method of electrically conductive connecting a contact component with an electrical conductor |
EP13182307.2 | 2013-08-30 |
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US14/831,413 Division US10404025B2 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2015-08-20 | Arrangement for electrically conductively connecting a contact piece to an electrical connector |
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US20140144015A1 true US20140144015A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
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US14/087,146 Abandoned US20140144015A1 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2013-11-22 | Method for electrically conductively connecting a contact piece to an electrical conductor, and corresponding arrangement |
US14/831,413 Active US10404025B2 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2015-08-20 | Arrangement for electrically conductively connecting a contact piece to an electrical connector |
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US14/831,413 Active US10404025B2 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2015-08-20 | Arrangement for electrically conductively connecting a contact piece to an electrical connector |
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US (2) | US20140144015A1 (en) |
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- 2013-11-22 US US14/087,146 patent/US20140144015A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2735397A1 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
EP2735397B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
US20170033473A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
BR102013029981A2 (en) | 2014-09-23 |
US10404025B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 |
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