US20140090727A1 - Balanced valve port for fluid regulator - Google Patents
Balanced valve port for fluid regulator Download PDFInfo
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- US20140090727A1 US20140090727A1 US13/659,041 US201213659041A US2014090727A1 US 20140090727 A1 US20140090727 A1 US 20140090727A1 US 201213659041 A US201213659041 A US 201213659041A US 2014090727 A1 US2014090727 A1 US 2014090727A1
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- plug
- valve
- pressure sensing
- valve plug
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
- G05D16/04—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power
- G05D16/06—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power the sensing element being a flexible membrane, yielding to pressure, e.g. diaphragm, bellows, capsule
- G05D16/063—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power the sensing element being a flexible membrane, yielding to pressure, e.g. diaphragm, bellows, capsule the sensing element being a membrane
- G05D16/0675—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power the sensing element being a flexible membrane, yielding to pressure, e.g. diaphragm, bellows, capsule the sensing element being a membrane the membrane acting on the obturator through a lever
- G05D16/0694—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power the sensing element being a flexible membrane, yielding to pressure, e.g. diaphragm, bellows, capsule the sensing element being a membrane the membrane acting on the obturator through a lever using a spring-loaded membrane with a spring-loaded slideable obturator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/32—Details
- F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
- F16K1/36—Valve members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/32—Details
- F16K1/48—Attaching valve members to screw-spindles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
- F16K31/126—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a diaphragm, bellows, or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
- G05D16/02—Modifications to reduce the effects of instability, e.g. due to vibrations, friction, abnormal temperature, overloading or imbalance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
- Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
- Y10T137/2574—Bypass or relief controlled by main line fluid condition
- Y10T137/2605—Pressure responsive
- Y10T137/2607—With pressure reducing inlet valve
- Y10T137/261—Relief port through common sensing means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7781—With separate connected fluid reactor surface
- Y10T137/7793—With opening bias [e.g., pressure regulator]
- Y10T137/7801—Balanced valve
Definitions
- the present application is directed to gas regulators and, more particularly, to gas regulators having balanced valve ports.
- gas regulators are implemented into these distribution systems to ensure that the delivered gas meets the requirements of the end-user facilities.
- Conventional gas regulators generally include a closed-loop control actuator for sensing and controlling the pressure of the delivered gas.
- some conventional gas regulators include a balanced valve port to improve the reaction of the gas regulator to variations in the downstream pressure.
- the balanced valve port is adapted to reduce the influence of the inlet pressure on the performance of the gas regulator.
- the inlet pressure is placed in fluid communication with a balancing diaphragm to apply a force to the control element of the gas regulator in the opposite direction as the force of the inlet pressure. Accordingly, as the inlet pressure varies, a corresponding force is applied to balance the force created by the inlet pressure as described further below so that the gas regulator acts in response to the outlet pressure only.
- a portion of the fluid flowing through the gas regulators may travel through passages disposed within the control element, and the passages open to a balancing cavity that is at least partially defined by the balancing diaphragm.
- Such a configuration allows for high flow capacity at low inlet pressures.
- the inlet pressure bearing on the balancing diaphragm does not remain constant. More specifically, the sensing pressure can reduce as the valve opens, resulting in a phenomenon known as “droop” and instability in the gas regulator.
- One aspect of the present disclosure comprises a fluid regulating device including a valve body defining an inlet, an outlet, and a valve port disposed between the inlet and the outlet.
- the device can further include a port housing disposed in the valve body and defining a central cylindrical opening.
- the device can further include a control element at least partly slidably disposed in the central cylindrical opening of the port housing and adapted for displacement along a central axis of the control element between a closed position engaging the valve port and an open position spaced away from the valve port.
- the control element can comprise a valve stem and a valve plug coupled to the valve stem, the valve plug defining a sealing surface adapted to sealingly engage the valve port when the control element is in the closed position.
- the device can further include a balancing diaphragm coupled between the control element and the port housing.
- the balancing diaphragm can have opposite first and second diaphragm surfaces.
- the device can further include a balancing cavity defined in a portion of the port housing between an inner surface of the port housing and the first diaphragm surface of the balancing diaphragm.
- the device can further include a first pressure sensing passage extending through the valve plug and in fluid communication with the balancing cavity such that a fluid pressure resident on the sealing surface of the valve plug is also resident in the balancing cavity to apply equal and opposite first and second forces to the sealing surface of the valve plug and the first surface of the balancing diaphragm, respectively.
- the first pressure sensing passage has an inlet portion extending through the valve plug along the central axis of the control element.
- a balanced port control assembly for a fluid flow control device including a port housing defining a central cylindrical opening.
- the assembly can further include a valve stem having a central longitudinal axis and being at least partly disposed in the port housing for reciprocating displacement along the central longitudinal axis.
- the assembly can further include a valve plug coupled to the valve stem and defining a sealing surface adapted to selectively sealingly engage a valve port of the fluid flow control device.
- the assembly can further include a balancing diaphragm operably coupled between the valve plug and the port housing, wherein the balancing diaphragm has opposite first and second diaphragm surfaces.
- the assembly can further include a balancing cavity defined in a portion of the port housing between an inner surface of the port housing and the first diaphragm surface of the balancing diaphragm.
- the assembly can further include a first pressure sensing passage extending through the valve plug and in fluid communication with the balancing cavity such that a fluid pressure resident on the sealing surface of the valve plug is also resident in the balancing cavity to apply equal and opposite first and second forces to the sealing surface of the valve plug and the first surface of the balancing diaphragm, respectively.
- the first pressure sensing passage has an inlet portion extending through the valve plug along the central longitudinal axis of the valve stem.
- a balanced port control assembly for a fluid flow control device including a port housing defining a central cylindrical opening.
- the assembly can further include a valve stem having a central longitudinal axis and being at least partly disposed in the port housing for reciprocating displacement along the central longitudinal axis.
- the assembly can further include a valve plug coupled to the valve stem and defining a sealing surface adapted to selectively sealingly engage a valve port of the fluid flow control device.
- the assembly can further include a balancing diaphragm operably coupled between the valve plug and the port housing, wherein the balancing diaphragm has opposite first and second diaphragm surfaces.
- the assembly can further include a balancing cavity defined in a portion of the port housing between an inner surface of the port housing and the first diaphragm surface of the balancing diaphragm.
- the assembly can further include a pressure sensing labyrinth defined at least partly by the valve plug and providing fluid communication between the sealing surface of the valve plug and the balancing cavity such that fluid pressure resident on the sealing surface of the valve plug is also resident in the balancing cavity to apply equal and opposite first and second forces to the sealing surface of the valve plug and the first surface of the balancing diaphragm, respectively.
- the pressure sensing labyrinth includes at least one first pressure sensing passage including extending from the sealing surface and into the valve plug along the central axis of the control element.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a regulator equipped with one version of a conventional balanced port control assembly.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a second version of a conventional balanced port control assembly for use in a regulator such as that depicted in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is graph illustrating flow capacity versus inlet pressure of the conventional balanced port control assembly of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of a first version of a balanced port control assembly of the present disclosure adapted for use in a regulator such as that depicted in FIG. 1 , for example.
- FIG. 5 is graph illustrating flow capacity versus inlet pressure of the balanced port control assembly of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of a second version of a balanced port control assembly of the present disclosure adapted for use in a regulator such as that depicted in FIG. 1 , for example.
- FIG. 7 is graph illustrating flow capacity versus inlet pressure of the balanced port control assembly of FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 1 depicts a fluid flow control device 10 (e.g., a gas regulator) including one version of a conventional balanced port control assembly 12 .
- the depicted fluid flow control device 10 includes an actuator 14 coupled to a valve body 16 .
- the valve body 16 includes an inlet 18 , an outlet 20 , and a valve port 22 disposed between the inlet 18 and the outlet 20 .
- the actuator 14 is a diaphragm-based actuator and includes an actuator housing 24 containing a diaphragm 26 and a control assembly 28 .
- the control assembly 28 is operably coupled to a movable control element 40 of the balanced port control assembly 12 .
- control assembly 28 includes a control spring 30 disposed above the diaphragm 26 and a control piston 32 extending through and below the diaphragm 26 .
- the control piston 32 is operatively connected to a lever 34 that selectively drives an actuator stem 36 .
- the control spring 30 biases the diaphragm 26 and control piston 32 downward, while pressure from the outlet 20 of the valve body 16 is communicated to the underside of the diaphragm 26 to offset the force applied by the control spring 30 .
- a pitot tube 38 is provided to communicate outlet pressure to the underside of the diaphragm 26 , but this is merely an example for descriptive purposes. Other versions of the disclosed fluid flow control device 10 can accomplish this communication without the pitot tube 38 , or with external piping, or otherwise, for example.
- the actuator 14 controls the position of the control element 40 of the balanced port control assembly 12 between a closed position sealing the valve port 22 of the valve body 16 , as shown in FIG. 1 , and an open position spaced away from the valve port 22 in a known manner.
- the assembly 12 depicted in FIG. 2 is slightly different than the assembly 12 depicted in FIG. 1 , but generally operates the same.
- the control element 40 of the depicted conventional balanced port control assembly 12 includes a valve plug 42 fixed to a valve stem 44 for sliding displacement along a central longitudinal axis A in response to operation of the actuator 14 (shown in FIG. 1 ).
- the assembly 12 further includes a port housing 46 that defines a central cylindrical opening 48 , in which the valve plug 42 is slidably disposed.
- the assembly 12 includes a balancing diaphragm 50 connected between the port housing 46 and the control element 40 .
- a balancing cavity 52 is defined in the port housing 46 between the balancing diaphragm 50 and the inner surface 54 of the port housing 46 .
- the control element 40 defines one or more pressure sensing passages 56 providing fluid communication between a sealing surface 58 of the valve plug 42 and the balancing cavity 52 .
- the one or more pressure sensing passages 56 are provided such that inlet fluid pressure acting on the sealing surface 58 of the valve plug 42 is communicated to the balancing cavity 52 and applied to the balancing diaphragm 50 .
- the forces applied to the sealing surface 58 and the balancing diaphragm 50 are equal and opposite such as to minimize the effects of fluid inlet pressures on the operation of the fluid flow control device 10 .
- the one or more pressure sensing passages 56 include one or more tortuous passages having inlet portions 56 a that are disposed parallel to and spaced radially outward from the central axis A of the control element 40 .
- the inlet portions 56 a of the one or more pressure sensing passages 56 can include a plurality of circumferentially spaced through-bores extending through the valve plug 42 .
- the one or more pressure sensing passages 56 can include a single inlet portion 56 a defined by a single hollow-cylinder shaped gap disposed between concentrically located inner and outer portions 42 a , 42 b of the valve plug 42 .
- the inlet portion(s) 56 a transition to one or more radially inward directed portions 56 b , then to one or more axially directed portions 56 c , then to one or more radially outward directed portions 56 d , and finally to the balancing cavity 52 to apply a force to a top surface of the balancing diaphragm 50 .
- FIG. 4 depicts one version of a balanced port control assembly 112 constructed in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure and mounted in the valve body 16 of the fluid flow control device 10 of FIG. 1 .
- the control assembly 112 is constructed similar to the control assembly 12 described with reference to FIG. 2 , with various exceptions that will be described.
- the control assembly 112 includes a port housing 114 , a control element 116 , and a balancing diaphragm 118 .
- the port housing 114 defines a central cylindrical opening 120 in which the control element 116 is slidably disposed along a central longitudinal axis A of the control element 116 .
- the control element 116 includes a valve plug 122 and a valve stem 124 .
- the valve plug 122 is threadably connected to an end of the valve stem 124 via a plug connector 126 and a threaded fastener 128 passing through a central bore 130 of the valve plug 122 .
- the balancing diaphragm 118 is connected between the port housing 114 and the control element 116 in a known manner to define a balancing cavity 132 inside of the port housing 114 . More particularly, in the disclosed version, the balancing diaphragm 118 includes opposite first and second surfaces 118 a , 118 b , the first surface 118 a faces upward relative to the orientation of FIG. 4 and, therefore, defines a bottom surface of the balancing cavity 132 .
- the valve plug 122 includes an outer plug portion 122 a and an inner plug portion 122 b disposed radially inside of the outer plug portion 122 a .
- the control element 116 defines a pressure sensing labyrinth 134 that provides fluid communication between a sealing surface 136 of the valve plug 122 and the balancing cavity 132 such that equal and opposite first and second forces are applied to the sealing surface 136 and the first surface 118 a of the balancing diaphragm 118 , respectively, during operation of the device 10 .
- the pressure sensing labyrinth 134 includes at least one first pressure sensing passage 138 defined by the threaded fastener 128 securing the valve plug 122 to the valve stem 124 via the plug connector 126 .
- the threaded fastener 128 includes a bore 140 , at least a portion of which defines the first pressure sensing passage 138 . That is, the bore 140 includes a first portion 140 a extending into the fastener 128 from a head portion 142 of the fastener 128 and along the central axis A of the control element 116 .
- the bore 140 further includes a second portion 140 b extending perpendicular to and radially outward from the first portion 140 a and out of the radial sidewall of the fastener 128 .
- a second portion 140 b extending perpendicular to and radially outward from the first portion 140 a and out of the radial sidewall of the fastener 128 .
- at least the first portion 140 a of the through-bore 140 defines the first pressure sensing passage 138 of the pressure sensing labyrinth 134 , and is located in the center of the valve plug 122 and extends through the central bore 130 as it extends toward the balancing cavity 132 .
- the second portion 140 b of the bore 140 exits the sidewall of the fastener 128 , it transitions to or communicates with one or more first radially outward directed portions 144 of the pressure sensing labyrinth 134 , then to one or more axially directed portions 146 of the pressure sensing labyrinth 134 , then to one or more second radially outward directed portions 148 of the pressure sensing labyrinth 134 , and finally to the balancing cavity 132 to apply a force to the first surface 118 a of the balancing diaphragm 118 .
- the one or more first radially outward directed portions 144 can be defined by a gap axially disposed between the plug connector 126 and the inner plug portion 122 b of the valve plug 122 .
- the one or more axially directed portions 146 and the one or more second radially outward directed portions 148 can be defined by one or more bores formed (e.g., machined) in the plug connector 126 .
- Other configurations of the control element 116 and various passages of the labyrinth 134 are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
- the pressure sensing labyrinth 134 of the present version of the balanced port control assembly 112 further includes at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 extending through the valve plug 122 and, more particularly, being disposed between the outer and inner plug portions 122 a , 122 b .
- the at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 can be defined as being located between an outer radial surface 152 of the inner plug portion 122 b and an inner radial surface 154 of the outer plug portion 122 a .
- the at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 can include a plurality of circumferentially spaced bores in the valve plug 122 , each disposed parallel to and spaced radially outward away from the first pressure sensing passage 138 and, therefore, also parallel to and spaced radially outward away from the central longitudinal axis A of the control element 116 .
- the at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 can include a hollow-cylinder shaped gap or space disposed between the inner and outer plug portions 122 b , 122 a .
- the at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 communicates directly with the one or more first radially outward directed portions 144 and to the balancing cavity 132 along the remainder of the pressure sensing labyrinth 134 in a manner similar to the first pressure sensing passage 128 described above. However, in the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 4 , the at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 is blocked or sealed such that fluid cannot pass through to the remainder of the labyrinth 134 . In one embodiment where the second pressure sensing passage 150 includes a hollow-cylinder shaped gap, a seal member 156 , such as an o-ring, can be disposed in the second pressure sensing passage 150 , as shown.
- the seal member 156 can include a plurality of sealing balls or other material forced into the individual bores. Regardless of the specific configuration, the seal member 150 provides a fluid tight seal between the outer radial surface 152 of the inner plug portion 122 b and the inner radial surface 154 of the outer plug portion 122 a . With the at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 sealed as described, only the first pressure sensing passage 138 provides fluid communication to the balancing cavity 132 via the labyrinth 134 .
- FIG. 5 illustrates a comparison in graphical form between the conventional control assembly 12 (solid line) and the control assembly 112 of FIG. 4 (dotted line).
- the balanced port control assembly 112 of the version depicted in FIG. 4 includes a valve plug 122 having at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 sealed with one or more seal members 156
- an alternative version of the valve plug 122 could be constructed without the at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 at all.
- the version depicted in FIG. 4 can easily be obtained by modifying the conventional control assembly 12 depicted in FIG. 2 .
- one or more seal members 156 could be inserted into the one or more inlet portions 56 a to thereby seal the one or more pressure sensing passages 56 .
- the conventional fastener which is illustrated in FIG.
- the fastener 128 can provide the desired first pressure sensing passage 138 to provide the desired fluid communication to the balancing cavity 54 .
- FIG. 6 depicts another version of the balanced port control assembly 112 of FIG. 4 , with the only distinction being that the seal member 156 has been removed from the at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 of the pressure sensing labyrinth 134 . So configured, fluid pressure at the sealing surface 136 of the valve plug 122 can freely communicate with the balancing cavity 132 in the port housing 114 via both the first pressure sensing passage 138 and the at least one second pressure sensing passage 150 .
- FIG. 7 illustrates a comparison in graphical form between the conventional control assembly 12 (solid line), the control assembly 112 of FIG. 4 (dotted line), and the control assembly 112 of FIG. 6 (dashed line).
- the rated flow capacity continuously increases without any drop off due to high pressures, similar to that for the control assembly of FIG. 4 . This continuous increase in capacity is desirable for many applications, as mentioned above.
- the control assembly of FIG. 4 the control assembly of FIG.
- control assembly 112 of FIG. 6 does so at higher rated capacities, which can also be desirable in certain situations.
- control assemblies 112 described herein have been described as including the fastener 128 defining the bore 140 for the portion of the pressure sensing labyrinth 134 that extends along the central longitudinal axis A of the control element 116 , other variations are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure.
- the valve plug 122 and valve stem 124 can be constructed as one piece such that the fastener 128 is not needed.
- the bore 140 defining the first pressure sensing passage 138 as extending along the central longitudinal axis A can be formed, by machining or otherwise, directly into the control element 116 .
- the balanced valve port control assemblies 112 ( FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 ) advantageously provide for a continuous increase in rated flow capacity across a variety of inlet pressures, including inlet pressures above 8 bars. This ensure optimal operational performance in many situations.
- the control assembly of FIG. 6 provides for the continuous increase in rated capacities at overall higher rated capacities than the version of FIG. 4 , thereby resembling the actual rated flow capacities of conventional balanced valve port control assemblies 12 .
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- The present application is directed to gas regulators and, more particularly, to gas regulators having balanced valve ports.
- The pressure at which typical gas distribution systems supply gas may vary according to the demands placed on the system, the climate, the source of supply, and/or other factors. However, most end-user facilities equipped with gas appliances such as furnaces, ovens, etc., require the gas to be delivered in accordance with a predetermined pressure, and at or below a maximum capacity of a gas regulator. Therefore, gas regulators are implemented into these distribution systems to ensure that the delivered gas meets the requirements of the end-user facilities. Conventional gas regulators generally include a closed-loop control actuator for sensing and controlling the pressure of the delivered gas.
- In addition to a closed loop control, some conventional gas regulators include a balanced valve port to improve the reaction of the gas regulator to variations in the downstream pressure. The balanced valve port is adapted to reduce the influence of the inlet pressure on the performance of the gas regulator. The inlet pressure is placed in fluid communication with a balancing diaphragm to apply a force to the control element of the gas regulator in the opposite direction as the force of the inlet pressure. Accordingly, as the inlet pressure varies, a corresponding force is applied to balance the force created by the inlet pressure as described further below so that the gas regulator acts in response to the outlet pressure only.
- As will be described more fully, in conventional regulators having a balanced valve port, a portion of the fluid flowing through the gas regulators may travel through passages disposed within the control element, and the passages open to a balancing cavity that is at least partially defined by the balancing diaphragm. Such a configuration allows for high flow capacity at low inlet pressures. However, as the valve opens, the inlet pressure bearing on the balancing diaphragm does not remain constant. More specifically, the sensing pressure can reduce as the valve opens, resulting in a phenomenon known as “droop” and instability in the gas regulator.
- One aspect of the present disclosure comprises a fluid regulating device including a valve body defining an inlet, an outlet, and a valve port disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The device can further include a port housing disposed in the valve body and defining a central cylindrical opening. The device can further include a control element at least partly slidably disposed in the central cylindrical opening of the port housing and adapted for displacement along a central axis of the control element between a closed position engaging the valve port and an open position spaced away from the valve port. The control element can comprise a valve stem and a valve plug coupled to the valve stem, the valve plug defining a sealing surface adapted to sealingly engage the valve port when the control element is in the closed position. The device can further include a balancing diaphragm coupled between the control element and the port housing. The balancing diaphragm can have opposite first and second diaphragm surfaces. The device can further include a balancing cavity defined in a portion of the port housing between an inner surface of the port housing and the first diaphragm surface of the balancing diaphragm. Finally, the device can further include a first pressure sensing passage extending through the valve plug and in fluid communication with the balancing cavity such that a fluid pressure resident on the sealing surface of the valve plug is also resident in the balancing cavity to apply equal and opposite first and second forces to the sealing surface of the valve plug and the first surface of the balancing diaphragm, respectively. The first pressure sensing passage has an inlet portion extending through the valve plug along the central axis of the control element.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a balanced port control assembly for a fluid flow control device including a port housing defining a central cylindrical opening. The assembly can further include a valve stem having a central longitudinal axis and being at least partly disposed in the port housing for reciprocating displacement along the central longitudinal axis. The assembly can further include a valve plug coupled to the valve stem and defining a sealing surface adapted to selectively sealingly engage a valve port of the fluid flow control device. The assembly can further include a balancing diaphragm operably coupled between the valve plug and the port housing, wherein the balancing diaphragm has opposite first and second diaphragm surfaces. The assembly can further include a balancing cavity defined in a portion of the port housing between an inner surface of the port housing and the first diaphragm surface of the balancing diaphragm. Finally, the assembly can further include a first pressure sensing passage extending through the valve plug and in fluid communication with the balancing cavity such that a fluid pressure resident on the sealing surface of the valve plug is also resident in the balancing cavity to apply equal and opposite first and second forces to the sealing surface of the valve plug and the first surface of the balancing diaphragm, respectively. The first pressure sensing passage has an inlet portion extending through the valve plug along the central longitudinal axis of the valve stem.
- Yet another aspect of the present disclosure includes a balanced port control assembly for a fluid flow control device including a port housing defining a central cylindrical opening. The assembly can further include a valve stem having a central longitudinal axis and being at least partly disposed in the port housing for reciprocating displacement along the central longitudinal axis. The assembly can further include a valve plug coupled to the valve stem and defining a sealing surface adapted to selectively sealingly engage a valve port of the fluid flow control device. The assembly can further include a balancing diaphragm operably coupled between the valve plug and the port housing, wherein the balancing diaphragm has opposite first and second diaphragm surfaces. The assembly can further include a balancing cavity defined in a portion of the port housing between an inner surface of the port housing and the first diaphragm surface of the balancing diaphragm. Finally, the assembly can further include a pressure sensing labyrinth defined at least partly by the valve plug and providing fluid communication between the sealing surface of the valve plug and the balancing cavity such that fluid pressure resident on the sealing surface of the valve plug is also resident in the balancing cavity to apply equal and opposite first and second forces to the sealing surface of the valve plug and the first surface of the balancing diaphragm, respectively. The pressure sensing labyrinth includes at least one first pressure sensing passage including extending from the sealing surface and into the valve plug along the central axis of the control element.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a regulator equipped with one version of a conventional balanced port control assembly. -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a second version of a conventional balanced port control assembly for use in a regulator such as that depicted inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is graph illustrating flow capacity versus inlet pressure of the conventional balanced port control assembly ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of a first version of a balanced port control assembly of the present disclosure adapted for use in a regulator such as that depicted inFIG. 1 , for example. -
FIG. 5 is graph illustrating flow capacity versus inlet pressure of the balanced port control assembly ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of a second version of a balanced port control assembly of the present disclosure adapted for use in a regulator such as that depicted inFIG. 1 , for example. -
FIG. 7 is graph illustrating flow capacity versus inlet pressure of the balanced port control assembly ofFIG. 6 . -
FIG. 1 depicts a fluid flow control device 10 (e.g., a gas regulator) including one version of a conventional balancedport control assembly 12. Additionally, the depicted fluidflow control device 10 includes anactuator 14 coupled to avalve body 16. Thevalve body 16 includes aninlet 18, anoutlet 20, and avalve port 22 disposed between theinlet 18 and theoutlet 20. Theactuator 14 is a diaphragm-based actuator and includes anactuator housing 24 containing adiaphragm 26 and acontrol assembly 28. Thecontrol assembly 28 is operably coupled to amovable control element 40 of the balancedport control assembly 12. In more detail, thecontrol assembly 28 includes acontrol spring 30 disposed above thediaphragm 26 and acontrol piston 32 extending through and below thediaphragm 26. Thecontrol piston 32 is operatively connected to alever 34 that selectively drives anactuator stem 36. - In the conventional fluid
flow control device 10 ofFIG. 1 , thecontrol spring 30 biases thediaphragm 26 andcontrol piston 32 downward, while pressure from theoutlet 20 of thevalve body 16 is communicated to the underside of thediaphragm 26 to offset the force applied by thecontrol spring 30. InFIG. 1 , apitot tube 38 is provided to communicate outlet pressure to the underside of thediaphragm 26, but this is merely an example for descriptive purposes. Other versions of the disclosed fluidflow control device 10 can accomplish this communication without thepitot tube 38, or with external piping, or otherwise, for example. So constructed, during normal operation of the fluidflow control device 10, theactuator 14 controls the position of thecontrol element 40 of the balancedport control assembly 12 between a closed position sealing thevalve port 22 of thevalve body 16, as shown inFIG. 1 , and an open position spaced away from thevalve port 22 in a known manner. - Referring now to
FIG. 2 , one conventional balancedport control assembly 12 will be described. Theassembly 12 depicted inFIG. 2 is slightly different than theassembly 12 depicted inFIG. 1 , but generally operates the same. As shown inFIG. 2 , thecontrol element 40 of the depicted conventional balancedport control assembly 12 includes avalve plug 42 fixed to avalve stem 44 for sliding displacement along a central longitudinal axis A in response to operation of the actuator 14 (shown inFIG. 1 ). Theassembly 12 further includes aport housing 46 that defines a central cylindrical opening 48, in which thevalve plug 42 is slidably disposed. Moreover, theassembly 12 includes abalancing diaphragm 50 connected between theport housing 46 and thecontrol element 40. Abalancing cavity 52 is defined in theport housing 46 between thebalancing diaphragm 50 and the inner surface 54 of theport housing 46. Finally, thecontrol element 40 defines one or morepressure sensing passages 56 providing fluid communication between a sealingsurface 58 of thevalve plug 42 and the balancingcavity 52. The one or morepressure sensing passages 56 are provided such that inlet fluid pressure acting on the sealingsurface 58 of thevalve plug 42 is communicated to the balancingcavity 52 and applied to the balancingdiaphragm 50. The forces applied to the sealingsurface 58 and the balancingdiaphragm 50 are equal and opposite such as to minimize the effects of fluid inlet pressures on the operation of the fluidflow control device 10. - As illustrated, in the
conventional control element 40, the one or morepressure sensing passages 56 include one or more tortuous passages havinginlet portions 56 a that are disposed parallel to and spaced radially outward from the central axis A of thecontrol element 40. In some versions, theinlet portions 56 a of the one or morepressure sensing passages 56 can include a plurality of circumferentially spaced through-bores extending through thevalve plug 42. In another version, the one or morepressure sensing passages 56 can include asingle inlet portion 56 a defined by a single hollow-cylinder shaped gap disposed between concentrically located inner and outer portions 42 a, 42 b of thevalve plug 42. Regardless, as shown, the inlet portion(s) 56 a transition to one or more radially inward directedportions 56 b, then to one or more axially directedportions 56 c, then to one or more radially outward directed portions 56 d, and finally to the balancingcavity 52 to apply a force to a top surface of the balancingdiaphragm 50. - While the foregoing conventional balanced valve
port control element 12 sufficiently communicates pressure to the balancingcavity 52 under many operational situations, its performance falls off at relatively high inlet pressures. For example, with reference toFIG. 3 , testing has shown that up to approximately 8 bars of inlet pressure (i.e., pressure at theinlet 18 of the valve body 16), theconventional assembly 12 ofFIG. 2 provides for a rated flow capacity that steadily increases. However, as the inlet pressure rises above approximately 8 bars, the rated flow capacity starts to decrease, which can be undesirable. - Therefore,
FIG. 4 depicts one version of a balancedport control assembly 112 constructed in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure and mounted in thevalve body 16 of the fluidflow control device 10 ofFIG. 1 . Thecontrol assembly 112 is constructed similar to thecontrol assembly 12 described with reference toFIG. 2 , with various exceptions that will be described. As shown, thecontrol assembly 112 includes aport housing 114, acontrol element 116, and a balancingdiaphragm 118. Theport housing 114 defines a centralcylindrical opening 120 in which thecontrol element 116 is slidably disposed along a central longitudinal axis A of thecontrol element 116. Thecontrol element 116 includes avalve plug 122 and avalve stem 124. Thevalve plug 122 is threadably connected to an end of thevalve stem 124 via aplug connector 126 and a threadedfastener 128 passing through acentral bore 130 of thevalve plug 122. The balancingdiaphragm 118 is connected between theport housing 114 and thecontrol element 116 in a known manner to define abalancing cavity 132 inside of theport housing 114. More particularly, in the disclosed version, the balancingdiaphragm 118 includes opposite first andsecond surfaces first surface 118 a faces upward relative to the orientation ofFIG. 4 and, therefore, defines a bottom surface of thebalancing cavity 132. - The
valve plug 122 includes anouter plug portion 122 a and an inner plug portion 122 b disposed radially inside of theouter plug portion 122 a. In the version depicted inFIG. 4 , thecontrol element 116 defines apressure sensing labyrinth 134 that provides fluid communication between a sealingsurface 136 of thevalve plug 122 and thebalancing cavity 132 such that equal and opposite first and second forces are applied to the sealingsurface 136 and thefirst surface 118 a of the balancingdiaphragm 118, respectively, during operation of thedevice 10. InFIG. 4 , thepressure sensing labyrinth 134 includes at least one firstpressure sensing passage 138 defined by the threadedfastener 128 securing thevalve plug 122 to thevalve stem 124 via theplug connector 126. More specifically, the threadedfastener 128 includes a bore 140, at least a portion of which defines the firstpressure sensing passage 138. That is, the bore 140 includes a first portion 140 a extending into thefastener 128 from ahead portion 142 of thefastener 128 and along the central axis A of thecontrol element 116. The bore 140 further includes a second portion 140 b extending perpendicular to and radially outward from the first portion 140 a and out of the radial sidewall of thefastener 128. Thus, as can be seen, at least the first portion 140 a of the through-bore 140 defines the firstpressure sensing passage 138 of thepressure sensing labyrinth 134, and is located in the center of thevalve plug 122 and extends through thecentral bore 130 as it extends toward the balancingcavity 132. As is further illustrated, as the second portion 140 b of the bore 140 exits the sidewall of thefastener 128, it transitions to or communicates with one or more first radially outward directedportions 144 of thepressure sensing labyrinth 134, then to one or more axially directedportions 146 of thepressure sensing labyrinth 134, then to one or more second radially outward directedportions 148 of thepressure sensing labyrinth 134, and finally to thebalancing cavity 132 to apply a force to thefirst surface 118 a of the balancingdiaphragm 118. In the disclosed version, the one or more first radially outward directedportions 144 can be defined by a gap axially disposed between theplug connector 126 and the inner plug portion 122 b of thevalve plug 122. Moreover, the one or more axially directedportions 146 and the one or more second radially outward directedportions 148 can be defined by one or more bores formed (e.g., machined) in theplug connector 126. Other configurations of thecontrol element 116 and various passages of thelabyrinth 134 are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure. - As is further illustrated in
FIG. 4 , thepressure sensing labyrinth 134 of the present version of the balancedport control assembly 112 further includes at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 extending through thevalve plug 122 and, more particularly, being disposed between the outer andinner plug portions 122 a, 122 b. The at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 can be defined as being located between an outerradial surface 152 of the inner plug portion 122 b and an innerradial surface 154 of theouter plug portion 122 a. In some versions, the at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 can include a plurality of circumferentially spaced bores in thevalve plug 122, each disposed parallel to and spaced radially outward away from the firstpressure sensing passage 138 and, therefore, also parallel to and spaced radially outward away from the central longitudinal axis A of thecontrol element 116. In other versions, the at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 can include a hollow-cylinder shaped gap or space disposed between the inner andouter plug portions 122 b, 122 a. Regardless of the specific configuration, the at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 communicates directly with the one or more first radially outward directedportions 144 and to thebalancing cavity 132 along the remainder of thepressure sensing labyrinth 134 in a manner similar to the firstpressure sensing passage 128 described above. However, in the specific embodiment depicted inFIG. 4 , the at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 is blocked or sealed such that fluid cannot pass through to the remainder of thelabyrinth 134. In one embodiment where the secondpressure sensing passage 150 includes a hollow-cylinder shaped gap, a seal member 156, such as an o-ring, can be disposed in the secondpressure sensing passage 150, as shown. In other versions, where the at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 includes a plurality of vertical bores, the seal member 156 can include a plurality of sealing balls or other material forced into the individual bores. Regardless of the specific configuration, theseal member 150 provides a fluid tight seal between the outerradial surface 152 of the inner plug portion 122 b and the innerradial surface 154 of theouter plug portion 122 a. With the at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 sealed as described, only the firstpressure sensing passage 138 provides fluid communication to thebalancing cavity 132 via thelabyrinth 134. - With the balanced
port control assembly 112 disclosed inFIG. 4 configured as described, testing has shown improved performance characteristics relative to theconventional assembly 12 described with reference toFIG. 2 . For example,FIG. 5 illustrates a comparison in graphical form between the conventional control assembly 12 (solid line) and thecontrol assembly 112 ofFIG. 4 (dotted line). As can be seen, as the inlet pressure increases with thecontrol assembly 112 ofFIG. 4 , the rated flow capacity continuously increases, without any drop off due to high pressures. This continuous increase in capacity is desirable for many applications. - While the balanced
port control assembly 112 of the version depicted inFIG. 4 includes avalve plug 122 having at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 sealed with one or more seal members 156, an alternative version of thevalve plug 122 could be constructed without the at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 at all. Thus, it should be appreciated that the version depicted inFIG. 4 can easily be obtained by modifying theconventional control assembly 12 depicted inFIG. 2 . For example, starting with thecontrol assembly 12 ofFIG. 2 , one or more seal members 156 could be inserted into the one ormore inlet portions 56 a to thereby seal the one or morepressure sensing passages 56. Additionally, the conventional fastener, which is illustrated inFIG. 2 as securing thevalve plug 42 to thevalve stem 44, can be removed and replaced with thefastener 128 described with reference toFIG. 4 . So configured, thefastener 128 can provide the desired firstpressure sensing passage 138 to provide the desired fluid communication to the balancing cavity 54. Thus, it can be seen that the present disclosure also provides for a simple method and/or means for retro-fitting or upgrading aconvention assembly 12. -
FIG. 6 depicts another version of the balancedport control assembly 112 ofFIG. 4 , with the only distinction being that the seal member 156 has been removed from the at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150 of thepressure sensing labyrinth 134. So configured, fluid pressure at the sealingsurface 136 of thevalve plug 122 can freely communicate with the balancingcavity 132 in theport housing 114 via both the firstpressure sensing passage 138 and the at least one secondpressure sensing passage 150. - With the balanced
port control assembly 112 disclosed inFIG. 6 , testing has shown improved performance characteristics relative to theconventional assembly 12 described with reference toFIG. 2 and relative to the balancedport control assembly 112 ofFIG. 4 . For example,FIG. 7 illustrates a comparison in graphical form between the conventional control assembly 12 (solid line), thecontrol assembly 112 ofFIG. 4 (dotted line), and thecontrol assembly 112 ofFIG. 6 (dashed line). As can be seen, as the inlet pressure increases with thecontrol assembly 112 ofFIG. 6 , the rated flow capacity continuously increases without any drop off due to high pressures, similar to that for the control assembly ofFIG. 4 . This continuous increase in capacity is desirable for many applications, as mentioned above. Additionally, as compared the control assembly ofFIG. 4 , the control assembly ofFIG. 6 also exhibits an overall rated capacity across inlet pressures that is comparable to the rated capacities of theconventional control assembly 12. Thus, in addition to providing the advantages of continuously increasing rated capacity, thecontrol assembly 112 ofFIG. 6 does so at higher rated capacities, which can also be desirable in certain situations. - While the
control assemblies 112 described herein have been described as including thefastener 128 defining the bore 140 for the portion of thepressure sensing labyrinth 134 that extends along the central longitudinal axis A of thecontrol element 116, other variations are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure. For example, in some versions of theassembly 112, thevalve plug 122 and valve stem 124 can be constructed as one piece such that thefastener 128 is not needed. In such instances, the bore 140 defining the firstpressure sensing passage 138 as extending along the central longitudinal axis A can be formed, by machining or otherwise, directly into thecontrol element 116. - Thus, from the foregoing, it should be appreciated that the balanced valve port control assemblies 112 (
FIG. 4 andFIG. 6 ) advantageously provide for a continuous increase in rated flow capacity across a variety of inlet pressures, including inlet pressures above 8 bars. This ensure optimal operational performance in many situations. Furthermore, the control assembly ofFIG. 6 provides for the continuous increase in rated capacities at overall higher rated capacities than the version ofFIG. 4 , thereby resembling the actual rated flow capacities of conventional balanced valveport control assemblies 12.
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2885735A CA2885735C (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-27 | Balanced valve port for fluid regulator |
ARP130103496A AR092723A1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-27 | BALANCED VALVE PORT FOR FLUID REGULATOR |
JP2015534723A JP6449159B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-27 | Balance port control assembly for fluid regulator and fluid flow controller |
MX2015003917A MX347527B (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-27 | Balanced valve port for fluid regulator. |
BR112015006837A BR112015006837A2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-27 | balanced valve port for fluid regulator |
RU2015112922A RU2635339C2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-27 | Unloaded valve port for fluid regulator |
EP13774339.9A EP2901229B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-27 | Balanced valve port for fluid regulator |
PCT/US2013/062109 WO2014052714A1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-27 | Balanced valve port for fluid regulator |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201210377054.0A CN103711914A (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Balance valve for fluid regulator |
CN201210377054.0 | 2012-09-28 | ||
CN201210377054 | 2012-09-28 |
Publications (2)
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US20140090727A1 true US20140090727A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
US8944089B2 US8944089B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 |
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US13/659,041 Active 2033-03-23 US8944089B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-10-24 | Balanced valve port for fluid regulator |
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US (1) | US8944089B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2901229B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6449159B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103711914A (en) |
AR (1) | AR092723A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112015006837A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2885735C (en) |
MX (1) | MX347527B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2635339C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014052714A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
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US20150234395A1 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2015-08-20 | Emerson Process Management Regulator Technologies, Inc. | Balanced regulator having a balanced trim including a variable pressure sense area |
US20160074975A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2016-03-17 | Emerson Process Management Regulator Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for damping an actuator on a fluid regulator |
WO2017066219A3 (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-05-26 | Emerson Process Management Regulator Technologies, Inc. | Balanced regulator with targeted boost sensing tube |
US9671299B2 (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2017-06-06 | Emerson Process Management Regulator Technologies, Inc. | Fluid regulator having a retractable sense tube |
US20180046204A1 (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-02-15 | Emerson Process Management Regulator Technologies, Inc. | Removable balanced regulator |
US20180058596A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-01 | Emerson Process Management Regulator Technologies, Inc. | Stabilizer cartridge for a fluid regulator |
US10001785B2 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2018-06-19 | Emerson Process Management Regulator Technologies, Inc. | Fluid regulator having a biased pressure sense tube |
US11125348B2 (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2021-09-21 | Emerson Process Management Regulator Technologies, Inc. | Slam-shut safety assembly for providing redundant safety shutoff |
US20230358329A1 (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-11-09 | Emerson Process Management Regulator Technologies, Inc. | Balanced plug assemblies and pressure regulators having balanced plug assemblies |
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- 2013-09-27 EP EP13774339.9A patent/EP2901229B1/en active Active
- 2013-09-27 AR ARP130103496A patent/AR092723A1/en unknown
- 2013-09-27 WO PCT/US2013/062109 patent/WO2014052714A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-09-27 CA CA2885735A patent/CA2885735C/en active Active
- 2013-09-27 BR BR112015006837A patent/BR112015006837A2/en active Search and Examination
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2885735A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
CA2885735C (en) | 2020-08-25 |
JP2015532481A (en) | 2015-11-09 |
CN103711914A (en) | 2014-04-09 |
BR112015006837A2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
RU2015112922A (en) | 2016-11-20 |
EP2901229B1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
RU2635339C2 (en) | 2017-11-10 |
WO2014052714A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
MX2015003917A (en) | 2016-01-08 |
AR092723A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
EP2901229A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
US8944089B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 |
MX347527B (en) | 2017-04-07 |
JP6449159B2 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
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