US20140043098A1 - Mobile Device Including a Power Amplifier with Selectable Voltage Supply - Google Patents
Mobile Device Including a Power Amplifier with Selectable Voltage Supply Download PDFInfo
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- US20140043098A1 US20140043098A1 US13/584,104 US201213584104A US2014043098A1 US 20140043098 A1 US20140043098 A1 US 20140043098A1 US 201213584104 A US201213584104 A US 201213584104A US 2014043098 A1 US2014043098 A1 US 2014043098A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0211—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the supply voltage or current
- H03F1/0216—Continuous control
- H03F1/0222—Continuous control by using a signal derived from the input signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0211—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the supply voltage or current
- H03F1/0216—Continuous control
- H03F1/0233—Continuous control by using a signal derived from the output signal, e.g. bootstrapping the voltage supply
- H03F1/0238—Continuous control by using a signal derived from the output signal, e.g. bootstrapping the voltage supply using supply converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0211—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the supply voltage or current
- H03F1/0244—Stepped control
- H03F1/025—Stepped control by using a signal derived from the input signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/24—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
- H03F3/245—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages with semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/336—A I/Q, i.e. phase quadrature, modulator or demodulator being used in an amplifying circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/405—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the output amplifying stage of an amplifier comprising more than three power stages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/408—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the output amplifying stage of an amplifier comprising three power stages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/507—A switch being used for switching on or off a supply or supplying circuit in an IC-block amplifier circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/511—Many discrete supply voltages or currents or voltage levels can be chosen by a control signal in an IC-block amplifier circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/516—Some amplifier stages of an amplifier use supply voltages of different value
Definitions
- Mobile communication devices or “mobile devices”, are widely used and increasingly relied upon for business and personal communications. As mobile devices have become ever more powerful, energy efficiency has become an increasingly important design objective. For example, the trend toward higher data rates in the uplink path for mobile communications can result in higher power consumption by a mobile device during transmission.
- the present disclosure is directed to a mobile device including a power amplifier (PA) with selectable voltage supply, as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, and as set forth more completely in the claims.
- PA power amplifier
- FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of an exemplary method for selectably supplying power to a mobile device power amplifier (PA), according to one implementation.
- PA mobile device power amplifier
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary mobile device including a selectably powered PA, according to one implementation.
- FIG. 3 shows a more detailed block diagram of a portion of the mobile device of FIG. 2 including one exemplary implementation of a PA powered using a voltage supply selection switch.
- FIG. 4 shows a more detailed block diagram of a portion of the mobile device of FIG. 2 including another exemplary implementation of a PA powered using a voltage supply selection switch.
- FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of an exemplary method for selectably supplying power to a mobile device power amplifier (PA), according to one implementation.
- PA mobile device power amplifier
- mobile device 200 includes wireless transceiver 202 having receiver 204 and transmitter 220 .
- Mobile device 200 also includes antenna 201 , low-noise amplifier (LNA) 203 coupling antenna 201 to receiver 204 , and PA 230 coupling transmitter 220 to antenna 201 .
- LNA low-noise amplifier
- PA 230 is supplied by first voltage supply 241 and second voltage supply 242 .
- Second voltage supply 242 is implemented as a variable or adaptive voltage supply, as indicated by the solid arrow through V DD2 .
- First voltage supply 241 may be implemented as either a fixed voltage supply or an adaptive voltage supply, as shown by the dashed arrow through V DD1 .
- feed-forward branch 221 for providing a feed-forward signal to first voltage supply 241 and/or second voltage supply 242 , as well as duplexer 209 for selectively coupling receiver 204 and transmitter 220 to antenna 201 .
- receiver 204 typically includes mixer circuitry, as well as one or more filtering stages fed by a digital signal processing (DSP) block.
- DSP digital signal processing
- transmitter 220 will typically be coupled to a DSP block and include transmit chain processing stages configured to provide preamplification gain control for a transmit signal.
- the mobile device 200 may utilize a transmit/receive (T/R) switch (not shown in FIG. 2 ) in addition to, or in place of, duplexer 209 .
- T/R transmit/receive
- Mobile device 200 may be implemented as a smartphone, cell phone, tablet computer, or an e-book reader.
- Other exemplary implementations for mobile device 200 include a digital media player, wireless gaming console, or any other kind of system utilizing a wireless transceiver in modern electronics applications.
- FIG. 3 shows a more detailed block diagram of a portion of the mobile device of FIG. 2 including one exemplary implementation of a PA powered using a voltage supply selection switch.
- Block diagram 310 shows transmitter 320 , PA 330 , first voltage supply 341 , second voltage supply 342 , voltage supply selection switch 350 , and feed-forward branch 321 providing feed-forward signal 345 to second voltage supply 342 .
- Transmitter 320 , PA 330 , first voltage supply 341 , second voltage supply 342 , and feed-forward branch 321 correspond in general to transmitter 220 , PA 230 , first voltage supply 241 , second voltage supply 242 , and feed-forward branch 221 , respectively, in FIG. 2 .
- Also shown in FIG. 3 are capacitor 346 and switch control signal 352 .
- PA 330 includes one or more driving stage(s) 332 , one or more output stage(s) 334 , and isolation capacitors 333 , 335 , and 337 .
- PA 330 is fed by pre-PA variable gain amplifier (VGA) 328 of transmitter 320 .
- Transmitter 320 is shown to further include local oscillator generator (LOGEN) 326 , as well as mixers 324 a and 324 b , and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) 322 a and 322 b , for processing and up-converting respective in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) signals 312 a and 312 b.
- LOGEN local oscillator generator
- DACs digital-to-analog converters
- driving stage(s) 332 is coupled to output stage(s) 334 through isolation capacitor 335 .
- driving stage(s) 332 of PA 330 is configured to be selectably powered by one of first voltage supply 341 and second voltage supply 342 .
- Output stage(s) 334 of PA 330 is shown to be powered by second voltage supply 342 .
- Selection of the voltage supply used to power driving stage(s) 332 is effectuated through use of voltage supply selection switch 350 in response to switch control signal 352 .
- first voltage supply 341 is a fixed voltage supply in the form of a battery.
- second voltage supply 342 is shown as an adaptive voltage supply, such as an adaptive switched mode power supply (adaptive SMPS).
- Second voltage supply 342 may be configured to power output stage(s) 334 so as to produce the minimum required headroom for operation of output stage(s) 334 , in order to substantially minimize power consumption by output stage(s) 334 .
- Second voltage supply 342 may be configured to power output stage(s) 334 using any suitable, dynamic or quasi-dynamic adaptive voltage supply technique.
- Envelope Tracking Envelope Tracking
- APT Average Power Tracking
- second voltage supply 342 may be configured for operation in ET mode, while in another implementation, second voltage supply 342 may be configured for operation in APT mode.
- second voltage supply 342 may be a multi-mode adaptive voltage supply configured to be selectively operable in one of two or more modes.
- second voltage supply 342 may be an adaptive SMPS selectively operable in ET mode and APT mode.
- second voltage supply 342 receives feed-forward signal 345 as an input.
- Feed-forward signal 345 may be used by logic circuitry internal to second voltage supply 342 (logic circuitry not shown in FIG. 3 ) to determine a suitable supply voltage for operation of output stage(s) 334 .
- Feed-forward signal 345 is produced by feed-forward branch 321 including reference generator 323 , DAC 327 , and low-pass filter (LPF) 329 .
- Reference generator 423 is configured to receive respective I and Q signals 312 a and 312 b as inputs, and to generate reference signal 325 as an output.
- Reference signal 325 is then processed by DAC 327 and LPF 329 to provide feed-forward signal 345 to second voltage supply 342 for use in adaptively powering at least output stage(s) 334 .
- FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a portion of the mobile device of FIG. 2 including another exemplary implementation of a PA powered using a voltage supply selection switch.
- Block diagram 410 shows transmitter 420 , PA 430 , first voltage supply 441 , second voltage supply 442 , voltage supply selection switch 450 , and feed-forward branch 421 providing feed-forward signal 445 to first and second voltage supplies 441 and 442 .
- Transmitter 420 , PA 430 , first voltage supply 441 , second voltage supply 442 , and feed-forward branch 421 correspond in general to transmitter 220 , PA 230 , first voltage supply 241 , second voltage supply 242 , and feed-forward branch 221 , respectively, in FIG. 2 .
- transmitter 420 , PA 430 , second voltage supply 442 , feed-forward branch 421 , and voltage supply selection switch 450 correspond respectively to transmitter 320 , PA 330 , second voltage supply 342 , feed-forward branch 321 , and voltage supply selection switch 350 , in FIG. 3 . That is to say, transmitter 420 , PA 430 , second voltage supply 442 , feed-forward branch 421 , and voltage supply selection switch 450 may share any of the characteristics attributed to their corresponding features in FIG. 3 , above. Also shown in FIG. 4 are capacitor 446 and battery 448 .
- driving stage(s) 432 is coupled to output stage(s) 434 through isolation capacitor 435 .
- driving stage(s) 432 of PA 430 is configured to be selectably powered by one of first voltage supply 441 and second voltage supply 442 , which are both implemented as adaptive voltage supplies in FIG. 4 .
- Output stage(s) 434 of PA 430 is shown to be powered by second voltage supply 442 . Selection of the voltage supply used to power driving stage(s) 432 is effectuated through use of voltage supply selection switch 450 in response to switch control signal 452 .
- first and second voltage supplies 441 and 442 are shown as adaptive voltage supplies, and each may be implemented as an adaptive SMPS.
- First voltage supply 441 may be configured to power driving stage(s) 432 adaptively in order to reduce power consumption by driving stage(s) 432 .
- First voltage supply 441 may be configured to power driving stage(s) 432 using any suitably stable quasi-dynamic or quasi-static adaptive voltage supply technique, such as APT mode.
- Second voltage supply 442 may be configured to power output stage(s) 434 so as to produce the minimum required headroom for operation of output stage(s) 434 , in order to substantially minimize power consumption by output stage(s) 434 .
- second voltage supply 442 may be configured to power output stage(s) 434 using any suitable, dynamic or quasi-dynamic adaptive voltage supply technique, such as ET mode or APT mode.
- second voltage supply 442 may be a multi-mode adaptive voltage supply configured to be selectively operable in one of two or more modes, such as ET mode and APT mode.
- first and second voltage supplies 441 and 442 receive feed-forward signal 445 as an input.
- Feed-forward signal 445 may be used by respective logic circuitry internal to first and second voltage supplies 441 and 442 (logic circuitry not shown in FIG. 3 ) to determine suitable supply voltages for operation of driving stage(s) 432 and output stage(s) 434 .
- driving stage(s) 432 and output stage(s) 434 are powered by respective separate first and second adaptive voltage supplies 441 and 442 .
- voltage supply selection switch may be used to power both of driving stage(s) 432 and output stage(s) 434 by second adaptive voltage supply 442 when such a power supply configuration is advantageous or desirable.
- Flowchart 100 begins with selectably powering driving stage(s) 332 / 432 of PA 330 / 430 by first voltage supply 341 / 441 ( 110 ) and continues with powering output stage(s) 334 / 434 by second voltage supply 342 / 442 ( 120 ).
- ET mode allows dynamic control of the supply voltage of PA 330 / 430 as a function of the signal envelope to increase overall transmit energy efficiency.
- use of ET mode to produce a modulation of the supply voltage for PA 330 / 430 can produce substantially undesirable affects when the same voltage supply is used to power driving stage(s) 332 / 432 and output stage(s) 334 / 434 during high power operation by PA 330 / 430 .
- modulation of a shared supply voltage at high power may result in amplitude and/or phase distortions in early stages of driving stage(s) 332 / 432 . Those distortions can be further amplified by subsequent stages, including output stage(s) 334 / 434 , and thereby compromise linearity.
- That result may be achieved, for example, using voltage supply selection switch 350 / 450 to selectably power driving stage(s) 332 / 432 by first voltage supply 341 / 441 , while output stage(s) 334 / 434 is powered by second voltage supply 342 / 442 .
- first voltage supply 341 may be a fixed voltage supply, such as a battery.
- first voltage supply 441 may be a quasi-dynamic or quasi-static voltage supply, such as an adaptive SMPS configured to operate in APT mode.
- Voltage supply selection switch 350 / 450 may be selectably switched using switch control signal 352 / 452 produced by circuitry within wireless transceiver 202 , in FIG. 2 , (internal transceiver circuitry for producing switch control signal 352 / 452 not represented in FIG. 2 ).
- Flowchart 100 continues with selectably powering driving stage(s) 332 / 432 by second voltage supply 342 / 442 when the output power of PA 330 / 430 is less than or equal to a threshold power ( 130 ).
- Selectable powering of driving stage(s) 332 / 432 by second voltage supply 342 / 442 can be performed using voltage supply selection switch 350 / 450 .
- Voltage supply selection switch 350 / 450 can be switched using switch control signal 352 / 452 so as to decouple driving stage(s) 332 / 432 from first voltage supply 341 / 441 and to couple driving stage(s) 332 / 432 to second voltage supply 342 / 442 .
- Examples of a threshold power at which driving stage(s) 332 / 432 may be selectably powered by second voltage supply 342 / 442 are approximately 8 dB or 10 dB below a maximum output power of PA 330 / 430 .
- second voltage supply 342 / 442 may be a multi-mode power supply selectably operable in one of ET mode and APT mode.
- second voltage supply 342 / 442 may be configured to operate in ET mode when the output power of PA 330 / 430 is above the threshold power, e.g., 8-10 dB below maximum output power.
- second voltage supply 342 / 442 may be configured to transition to APT mode operation when the output power of PA 330 / 430 reduces to the threshold power.
- driving stage(s) 332 / 432 and output stage(s) 334 / 434 are powered by second voltage supply 341 / 441 using APT mode when the output power of PA 330 / 430 is less than or equal to the threshold power. It is noted that, unlike the case for high power operation of PA 330 / 430 , during low power operation by PA 330 / 430 the efficiency achievable using APT mode may be comparable to the efficiency produced using ET mode.
- the present application discloses a mobile device solution providing improved transmit power efficiency without sacrificing performance.
- implementations of the present inventive concepts enable modulation of the output stage supply voltage while avoiding production of distortion in the driving stage.
- a dynamically adaptive voltage supply technique such as ET mode, can be used to significantly improve PA efficiency at high power.
- the present concepts enable improved transmit efficiency at substantially all output levels.
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Abstract
Description
- Mobile communication devices, or “mobile devices”, are widely used and increasingly relied upon for business and personal communications. As mobile devices have become ever more powerful, energy efficiency has become an increasingly important design objective. For example, the trend toward higher data rates in the uplink path for mobile communications can result in higher power consumption by a mobile device during transmission.
- Because transmission during mobile communications is becoming an increasing contributor to overall power consumption, improving transmit efficiency by the mobile device power amplifier (PA) is desirable. However, the high linearity requirements of existing and developing wireless communications standards impose significant operating constraints on the mobile device PA. Consequently, there remain significant challenges to providing a mobile device capable of achieving improved transmit efficiency without significantly compromising performance.
- The present disclosure is directed to a mobile device including a power amplifier (PA) with selectable voltage supply, as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, and as set forth more completely in the claims.
-
FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of an exemplary method for selectably supplying power to a mobile device power amplifier (PA), according to one implementation. -
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary mobile device including a selectably powered PA, according to one implementation. -
FIG. 3 shows a more detailed block diagram of a portion of the mobile device ofFIG. 2 including one exemplary implementation of a PA powered using a voltage supply selection switch. -
FIG. 4 shows a more detailed block diagram of a portion of the mobile device ofFIG. 2 including another exemplary implementation of a PA powered using a voltage supply selection switch. - The following description contains specific information pertaining to implementations in the present disclosure. The drawings in the present application and their accompanying detailed description are directed to merely exemplary implementations. Unless noted otherwise, like or corresponding elements among the figures may be indicated by like or corresponding reference numerals. Moreover, the drawings and illustrations in the present application are generally not to scale, and are not intended to correspond to actual relative dimensions.
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FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of an exemplary method for selectably supplying power to a mobile device power amplifier (PA), according to one implementation. With respect to the method outlined inFIG. 1 , it is noted that certain details and features have been left out offlowchart 100 in order not to obscure the discussion of the inventive features in the present application. The exemplary method ofFIG. 1 will be described by reference to the exemplary mobile device implementations shown byFIGS. 2 , 3, and 4, which will be now described in some detail before continuing with the discussion offlowchart 100.FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary mobile device including a selectably powered PA, whileFIGS. 3 and 4 show respective exemplary implementations of a PA powered using a voltage supply selection switch. - Referring first to
FIG. 2 ,mobile device 200 includeswireless transceiver 202 havingreceiver 204 andtransmitter 220.Mobile device 200 also includesantenna 201, low-noise amplifier (LNA) 203coupling antenna 201 toreceiver 204, andPA 230coupling transmitter 220 toantenna 201. As shown inFIG. 2 , according to the present implementation,PA 230 is supplied byfirst voltage supply 241 andsecond voltage supply 242.Second voltage supply 242 is implemented as a variable or adaptive voltage supply, as indicated by the solid arrow through VDD2.First voltage supply 241 may be implemented as either a fixed voltage supply or an adaptive voltage supply, as shown by the dashed arrow through VDD1. Also shown inFIG. 2 are feed-forward branch 221 for providing a feed-forward signal tofirst voltage supply 241 and/orsecond voltage supply 242, as well asduplexer 209 for selectivelycoupling receiver 204 andtransmitter 220 toantenna 201. - It is noted that although not explicitly shown as such in
FIG. 2 ,receiver 204 typically includes mixer circuitry, as well as one or more filtering stages fed by a digital signal processing (DSP) block. It is further noted thattransmitter 220 will typically be coupled to a DSP block and include transmit chain processing stages configured to provide preamplification gain control for a transmit signal. Moreover, in other implementations, themobile device 200 may utilize a transmit/receive (T/R) switch (not shown inFIG. 2 ) in addition to, or in place of,duplexer 209.Mobile device 200 may be implemented as a smartphone, cell phone, tablet computer, or an e-book reader. Other exemplary implementations formobile device 200 include a digital media player, wireless gaming console, or any other kind of system utilizing a wireless transceiver in modern electronics applications. -
FIG. 3 shows a more detailed block diagram of a portion of the mobile device ofFIG. 2 including one exemplary implementation of a PA powered using a voltage supply selection switch. Block diagram 310 showstransmitter 320,PA 330,first voltage supply 341,second voltage supply 342, voltagesupply selection switch 350, and feed-forward branch 321 providing feed-forward signal 345 tosecond voltage supply 342.Transmitter 320,PA 330,first voltage supply 341,second voltage supply 342, and feed-forward branch 321 correspond in general totransmitter 220,PA 230,first voltage supply 241,second voltage supply 242, and feed-forward branch 221, respectively, inFIG. 2 . Also shown inFIG. 3 arecapacitor 346 andswitch control signal 352. - PA 330 includes one or more driving stage(s) 332, one or more output stage(s) 334, and
isolation capacitors transmitter 320.Transmitter 320 is shown to further include local oscillator generator (LOGEN) 326, as well asmixers - As shown in
FIG. 3 , driving stage(s) 332 is coupled to output stage(s) 334 throughisolation capacitor 335. As further shown inFIG. 3 , driving stage(s) 332 ofPA 330 is configured to be selectably powered by one offirst voltage supply 341 andsecond voltage supply 342. Output stage(s) 334 ofPA 330 is shown to be powered bysecond voltage supply 342. Selection of the voltage supply used to power driving stage(s) 332 is effectuated through use of voltagesupply selection switch 350 in response toswitch control signal 352. - According to the exemplary implementation of
FIG. 3 ,first voltage supply 341 is a fixed voltage supply in the form of a battery. Moreover, according to the present implementation,second voltage supply 342 is shown as an adaptive voltage supply, such as an adaptive switched mode power supply (adaptive SMPS).Second voltage supply 342 may be configured to power output stage(s) 334 so as to produce the minimum required headroom for operation of output stage(s) 334, in order to substantially minimize power consumption by output stage(s) 334.Second voltage supply 342 may be configured to power output stage(s) 334 using any suitable, dynamic or quasi-dynamic adaptive voltage supply technique. - One example of a dynamically adaptive voltage supply technique is Envelope Tracking (ET), wherein the substantially instantaneous peak signal envelope power produced by
PA 330 is used to determine the voltage supplied bysecond voltage supply 342. An example of a quasi-dynamic adaptive voltage supply technique is Average Power Tracking (APT), in which the average signal envelope power produced byPA 330 during a designated time slot or time window is used to determine the voltage supplied bysecond voltage supply 342. - Thus, in one implementation,
second voltage supply 342 may be configured for operation in ET mode, while in another implementation,second voltage supply 342 may be configured for operation in APT mode. In yet another implementation,second voltage supply 342 may be a multi-mode adaptive voltage supply configured to be selectively operable in one of two or more modes. For example, in one such implementation,second voltage supply 342 may be an adaptive SMPS selectively operable in ET mode and APT mode. - As shown in
FIG. 3 ,second voltage supply 342 receives feed-forward signal 345 as an input. Feed-forward signal 345 may be used by logic circuitry internal to second voltage supply 342 (logic circuitry not shown inFIG. 3 ) to determine a suitable supply voltage for operation of output stage(s) 334. Feed-forward signal 345 is produced by feed-forward branch 321 includingreference generator 323,DAC 327, and low-pass filter (LPF) 329.Reference generator 423 is configured to receive respective I andQ signals reference signal 325 as an output.Reference signal 325 is then processed byDAC 327 andLPF 329 to provide feed-forward signal 345 tosecond voltage supply 342 for use in adaptively powering at least output stage(s) 334. -
FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a portion of the mobile device ofFIG. 2 including another exemplary implementation of a PA powered using a voltage supply selection switch. Block diagram 410 showstransmitter 420,PA 430,first voltage supply 441,second voltage supply 442, voltagesupply selection switch 450, and feed-forward branch 421 providing feed-forward signal 445 to first andsecond voltage supplies Transmitter 420,PA 430,first voltage supply 441,second voltage supply 442, and feed-forward branch 421 correspond in general totransmitter 220,PA 230,first voltage supply 241,second voltage supply 242, and feed-forward branch 221, respectively, inFIG. 2 . - In addition,
transmitter 420,PA 430,second voltage supply 442, feed-forward branch 421, and voltagesupply selection switch 450 correspond respectively totransmitter 320,PA 330,second voltage supply 342, feed-forward branch 321, and voltagesupply selection switch 350, inFIG. 3 . That is to say,transmitter 420,PA 430,second voltage supply 442, feed-forward branch 421, and voltagesupply selection switch 450 may share any of the characteristics attributed to their corresponding features inFIG. 3 , above. Also shown inFIG. 4 arecapacitor 446 andbattery 448. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , driving stage(s) 432 is coupled to output stage(s) 434 throughisolation capacitor 435. As further shown inFIG. 4 , driving stage(s) 432 ofPA 430 is configured to be selectably powered by one offirst voltage supply 441 andsecond voltage supply 442, which are both implemented as adaptive voltage supplies inFIG. 4 . Output stage(s) 434 ofPA 430 is shown to be powered bysecond voltage supply 442. Selection of the voltage supply used to power driving stage(s) 432 is effectuated through use of voltagesupply selection switch 450 in response to switchcontrol signal 452. - As noted, first and second voltage supplies 441 and 442 are shown as adaptive voltage supplies, and each may be implemented as an adaptive SMPS.
First voltage supply 441 may be configured to power driving stage(s) 432 adaptively in order to reduce power consumption by driving stage(s) 432.First voltage supply 441 may be configured to power driving stage(s) 432 using any suitably stable quasi-dynamic or quasi-static adaptive voltage supply technique, such as APT mode. -
Second voltage supply 442 may be configured to power output stage(s) 434 so as to produce the minimum required headroom for operation of output stage(s) 434, in order to substantially minimize power consumption by output stage(s) 434. As a result,second voltage supply 442 may be configured to power output stage(s) 434 using any suitable, dynamic or quasi-dynamic adaptive voltage supply technique, such as ET mode or APT mode. Moreover, in one implementation,second voltage supply 442 may be a multi-mode adaptive voltage supply configured to be selectively operable in one of two or more modes, such as ET mode and APT mode. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , first and second voltage supplies 441 and 442 receive feed-forward signal 445 as an input. Feed-forward signal 445 may be used by respective logic circuitry internal to first and second voltage supplies 441 and 442 (logic circuitry not shown inFIG. 3 ) to determine suitable supply voltages for operation of driving stage(s) 432 and output stage(s) 434. - Thus, in one selectably closed position of voltage
supply selection switch 450, driving stage(s) 432 and output stage(s) 434 are powered by respective separate first and second adaptive voltage supplies 441 and 442. However, voltage supply selection switch may be used to power both of driving stage(s) 432 and output stage(s) 434 by secondadaptive voltage supply 442 when such a power supply configuration is advantageous or desirable. - The selectable power supply solutions represented in
FIGS. 3 and 4 will now referenced in combination withflowchart 100, inFIG. 1 .Flowchart 100 begins with selectably powering driving stage(s) 332/432 ofPA 330/430 byfirst voltage supply 341/441 (110) and continues with powering output stage(s) 334/434 bysecond voltage supply 342/442 (120). - As noted above, there is an ongoing trend toward higher data rates in the uplink path for mobile communications, resulting in higher power consumption by a mobile device, such as
mobile device 100, inFIG. 1 , during transmission. Because transmission during mobile communications is becoming an increasing contributor to overall power consumption, improving transmit efficiency byPA 330/430 is desirable. - One possible solution for improving transmit efficiency is to utilize a dynamically adaptive voltage supply technique, such as ET mode, to power
PA 330/430. ET mode allows dynamic control of the supply voltage ofPA 330/430 as a function of the signal envelope to increase overall transmit energy efficiency. Unfortunately, however, use of ET mode to produce a modulation of the supply voltage forPA 330/430 can produce substantially undesirable affects when the same voltage supply is used to power driving stage(s) 332/432 and output stage(s) 334/434 during high power operation byPA 330/430. For example, modulation of a shared supply voltage at high power may result in amplitude and/or phase distortions in early stages of driving stage(s) 332/432. Those distortions can be further amplified by subsequent stages, including output stage(s) 334/434, and thereby compromise linearity. - Other approaches to powering all stages of
PA 330/430 concurrently, such as use of a fixed voltage supply, or use of a quasi-dynamic adaptive voltage technique like APT mode, fail to achieve desirable levels of power efficiency. For example, although APT mode is more efficient than use of a fixed voltage supply, it is much less efficient than ET mode at higher power levels. As shown byFIGS. 2 and 3 , implementations of the present inventive concepts enable decoupling of the voltage supplies for driving stage(s) 332/432 and output stage(s) 334/434 during high power operation ofPA 330/430. That result may be achieved, for example, using voltagesupply selection switch 350/450 to selectably power driving stage(s) 332/432 byfirst voltage supply 341/441, while output stage(s) 334/434 is powered bysecond voltage supply 342/442. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , in one implementation,first voltage supply 341 may be a fixed voltage supply, such as a battery. In another implementation, as shown inFIG. 4 ,first voltage supply 441 may be a quasi-dynamic or quasi-static voltage supply, such as an adaptive SMPS configured to operate in APT mode. Voltagesupply selection switch 350/450 may be selectably switched usingswitch control signal 352/452 produced by circuitry withinwireless transceiver 202, inFIG. 2 , (internal transceiver circuitry for producingswitch control signal 352/452 not represented inFIG. 2 ). -
Flowchart 100 continues with selectably powering driving stage(s) 332/432 bysecond voltage supply 342/442 when the output power ofPA 330/430 is less than or equal to a threshold power (130). Selectable powering of driving stage(s) 332/432 bysecond voltage supply 342/442 can be performed using voltagesupply selection switch 350/450. Voltagesupply selection switch 350/450 can be switched usingswitch control signal 352/452 so as to decouple driving stage(s) 332/432 fromfirst voltage supply 341/441 and to couple driving stage(s) 332/432 tosecond voltage supply 342/442. Examples of a threshold power at which driving stage(s) 332/432 may be selectably powered bysecond voltage supply 342/442 are approximately 8 dB or 10 dB below a maximum output power ofPA 330/430. - As described above, in one implementation,
second voltage supply 342/442 may be a multi-mode power supply selectably operable in one of ET mode and APT mode. In such an implementation,second voltage supply 342/442 may be configured to operate in ET mode when the output power ofPA 330/430 is above the threshold power, e.g., 8-10 dB below maximum output power. Moreover, in such an implementation,second voltage supply 342/442 may be configured to transition to APT mode operation when the output power ofPA 330/430 reduces to the threshold power. In that implementation, driving stage(s) 332/432 and output stage(s) 334/434 are powered bysecond voltage supply 341/441 using APT mode when the output power ofPA 330/430 is less than or equal to the threshold power. It is noted that, unlike the case for high power operation ofPA 330/430, during low power operation byPA 330/430 the efficiency achievable using APT mode may be comparable to the efficiency produced using ET mode. - Thus, the present application discloses a mobile device solution providing improved transmit power efficiency without sacrificing performance. By selectably powering the driving and output stages of a transmitter PA using separate voltage supplies, implementations of the present inventive concepts enable modulation of the output stage supply voltage while avoiding production of distortion in the driving stage. As a result, a dynamically adaptive voltage supply technique, such as ET mode, can be used to significantly improve PA efficiency at high power. In addition, by selectably powering the driving and output stages using the same adaptive voltage supply when the PA output power falls to or below a threshold power, the present concepts enable improved transmit efficiency at substantially all output levels.
- From the above description it is manifest that various techniques can be used for implementing the concepts described in the present application without departing from the scope of those concepts. Moreover, while the concepts have been described with specific reference to certain implementations, a person of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of those concepts. As such, the described implementations are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. It should also be understood that the present application is not limited to the particular implementations described above, but many rearrangements, modifications, and substitutions are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
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