US20140003234A1 - Base station and communication method for machine to machine communications - Google Patents

Base station and communication method for machine to machine communications Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140003234A1
US20140003234A1 US13/993,232 US201113993232A US2014003234A1 US 20140003234 A1 US20140003234 A1 US 20140003234A1 US 201113993232 A US201113993232 A US 201113993232A US 2014003234 A1 US2014003234 A1 US 2014003234A1
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Prior art keywords
machine
paging
coordinated
report
paging cycle
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US13/993,232
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English (en)
Inventor
Joey Chou
Shantidev Mohanty
Kerstin Johnsson
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Intel Corp
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Intel Corp
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Publication of US20140003234A1 publication Critical patent/US20140003234A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0215—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on user or device properties, e.g. MTC-capable devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W68/00—User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like
    • H04W68/02—Arrangements for increasing efficiency of notification or paging channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/004—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H04W56/0045—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay compensating for timing error by altering transmission time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H04W4/08—User group management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled or contention-free access
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • M2M machine to machine
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a coordinated paging architecture according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating coordinated paging for multiple M2M devices according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of grouping devices for uplink communications in a cell according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method executed by a coordinated paging controller to poll devices according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method executed by a device responding to polls according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a timing diagram illustrating hybrid paging of devices according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a machine that maybe specifically programmed to execute one or more methods according to an example embodiment.
  • the functions or algorithms described herein may be implemented in software or a combination of software and human implemented procedures in one embodiment.
  • the software may consist of computer executable instructions stored on computer readable media such as memory or other type of storage devices. Further, such functions correspond to modules, which are software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. Multiple functions may be perfumed in one or more modules as desired, and the embodiments described are merely examples.
  • the software may be executed on a digital signal processor, ASIC, microprocessor, or other type of processor operating on a computer system, such as a personal computer, server or other computer system.
  • a method is used to alleviate uplink congestion issues without changing an underlying random access communication mechanism that cellular systems use to communicate with mobile stations and machine to machine (M2M) devices.
  • M2M machine to machine
  • M2M devices There are many different types of M2M devices currently being used in cellular systems at the same time as mobile stations that are typically used by humans for various types of communications. M2M devices may be fixed or mobile, and have a bias toward sending uplink communications as opposed to receiving large amounts of data. A smart phone may also operate as an M2M device in addition to providing typical phone functionality. Typical uplink communications consist of short messages, but some also provide video streaming.
  • Several usage models include vehicle location tracking, healthcare, secured access and surveillance, public safety such as river and dam water level monitoring, point of sale, smart meters, digital signage, and remote sensing such as oil, gas, water, and alarm. This list of M2M devices is not exhaustive, and many more may be developed in the future with different service requirements.
  • Uplink transmissions have a bias toward mainly providing non-real time periodic monitoring reports and occasionally to send a real time alarm report.
  • uplink grants to the M2M devices are scheduled in a sequential manner in one embodiment, to reduce the chance of collision in a network re-entry process.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a coordinated paging architecture generally at 100 .
  • a base station 110 is controlled by a coordinated paging controller 115 , which in one embodiment is a computer program stored and executed on the base station 110 .
  • the controller 115 is coupled to an M2M server 120 via a network 125 , such as the Internet, or other type of wireless or wired network.
  • the M2M server 120 is used in one embodiment to determine uplink requirements of various M2M applications 130 .
  • the M2M server 120 then configures the controller 115 about the interval of M2M periodic reports. Once the controller 115 is configured, the controller via a base station transceiver and antenna polls the M2M devices 135 at a paging cycle, and delivers the M2M reports to the M2M server 120 .
  • FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating coordinated paging for multiple M2M devices generally at 200 .
  • 128 paging groups labeled PG1 to PG128 are illustrated on the vertical axis.
  • Each paging group has a corresponding page listening window 210 separated in time from adjacent page listening windows 210 by a paging offset 215 .
  • the horizontal axis corresponds to time, as measured by superframe numbers, and illustrates one coordinated paging cycle.
  • the duration of a paging cycle is equivalent to the reporting interval of an M2M application.
  • the paging groups each have the same paging cycle of 4096 superframes, or approximately 80 seconds. Each group is separated by different paging offsets, such as zero for paging group PG1, 32 superframes for PG2, 64 superframes for PG2, etc.
  • M2M devices there are 4096 M2M devices that need to send a measurement every 4096 superframes. While specific numbers are used to identify superframes, devices, and paging cycles, further embodiment may utilize different number of superframes, devices, and paging cycles as desired.
  • the base station 110 assigns the device to one of the paging groups. If each paging group contains 32 devices, then 4096 devices may be supported. Therefore, coordinated paging can reduce the number of devices entering the network in every 32 superframes interval to 32 devices.
  • Many of the M2M devices are remote sensors or smart meters that are designed to send hourly, daily, weekly, or even monthly measurements. An M2M device may receive polls sent during a paging cycle to determine when to send a report.
  • Some typical paging cycles that may be used by M2M devices determine times for reporting include 4096 superframes corresponding to approximately 80 seconds, 16384 superframes (approximately 5 minutes, 27 seconds), 65536 superframes (approximately 22 minutes), 262144 superframes (approximately 87 minutes), 1048576 superframes (approximately 5 hours, 48 minutes), and 4194304 superframes (approximately 23 hours, 18 minutes).
  • an M2M device operating as a remote sensor can report a measurement at an interval greater than its paging cycle.
  • an M2M sensor device is assigned a paging cycle of 4194302 superframes (i.e. 23 hours, 18 minutes). If the sensor only takes a measurement once a month, the sensor will wake up at each page listening interval, but will go back to an idle mode without performing network entry responsive to the page. When it reaches a 30 th paging cycle, the sensor will then send the measurement report.
  • a remote sensor will go into an idle mode, then wake up at the interval of its assigned paging cycle to listen to a broadcast paging message.
  • the base station in one embodiment will send an M2M report code identifying the M2M sensor with an ID and a report code telling the device to report.
  • the report codes include “0b0” for no action required and “0b1” for send uplink report.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 300 of grouping devices for uplink communications in a cell.
  • M2M server 120 receives information at 310 from applications running on M2M devices, including the identities of devices within a cell and the reporting requirements of the devices. This information is used to assign paging groups to the M2M devices, and provide the M2M devices with an offset in a coordinated paging cycle.
  • the M2M devices may be assigned to the paging groups as a function of their reporting intervals to minimize network reentry congestion. For example, a larger number of M2M devices with longer reporting intervals may be assigned to one group, and fewer M2M devices with shorter reporting intervals may be assigned to another group.
  • the M2M devices may be assigned randomly, or sequentially, with each new M2M device being added to the next group in sequence.
  • M2M devices are assigned a paging cycle as a function of the length of their individual reporting intervals. As described above, the M2M devices will wake from idle mode to listen for a page from the controller at their assigned paging cycle, and wait a selected number of paging cycles until they provide their uplink data at their reporting interval.
  • the assigned paging cycle may be assigned to conserve battery power in the M2M device in some embodiments, ensuring that the number of times the devices need to wake up is minimized with respect to their reporting interval. Note that the functions described in method 300 may be performed in one or more different places.
  • the assignment of M2M devices to paging groups may be performed by the controller 115 or the server 120 in various embodiments. If done by the controller 115 , the server 120 will provide the controller 115 with the information obtained from the M2M devices to enable the assignment.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 400 executed by the controller 115 to poll devices according to an example embodiment.
  • the controller 115 retrieves a list of M2M devices in the cell that identifies their group and particular assigned paging cycle and offset at 410 .
  • the controller then broadcasts a page corresponding to the first paging group at 415 . It then listens for responses at 420 .
  • the controller 115 sends a poll that includes the ID of the M2M device with a report code indicating whether or not the device should report.
  • the device need not keep track of the number of pages received in order to correlate the pages to the reporting interval.
  • the controller sends the page with ID and a report code informing the device to report.
  • reports are received at 420 , they are forwarded on to the M2M server 120 , which may further forward the reports at 425 on to various entities that are monitoring the M2M devices, such as a utility company. These steps are repeated as indicated at 430 for each of the paging groups in the coordinated paging cycle. The paging cycle is then repeated, starting at 410 , updating the list of M2M devices in the cell. In some embodiments, the list of M2M devices may be updated in real time as devices are added, or periodically as desired.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 500 executed by a device responding to polls according to an example embodiment.
  • an M2M device sends information regarding its reporting interval to the server 125 .
  • the information may be sent by an installer or owner of the M2M device, or M2M operators by any convenient means, such as via a network.
  • the M2M device receives back a coordinated paging cycle.
  • the reporting info may be controlled by an operator. In a smart meter example, the operator may determine how often, and what information is to be polled.
  • the coordinating paging cycle identifies when the device should wake up and listen for pages. It may include an offset into the coordinated paging cycle during which to listen for a page.
  • the controller wants the device to send the report at the fourth paging cycles, then the controller can send the report code of no action required in the coordinated paging cycles one, two, and three.
  • the controller sends a page with a report code indicating that the device should send a report.
  • the M2M device may enter an idle mode while waiting for its page at the offset into the coordinated paging cycle.
  • the M2M device determines if there is data available to send. If the data is available and the page indicates that data should be sent, the M2M device will transmit the data responsive to the page at 530 .
  • the M2M device will receive a page identifying the M2M device by ID and containing a reporting code to send an uplink report. The M2M device will then enter the idle mode again at 520 , waiting for the next page.
  • FIG. 6 at 600 illustrates a coordinated paging cycle 602 for a device that needs to receive a downlink message at an interval smaller than the paging cycle for sending an uplink message.
  • the M2M device needs to receive a downlink message at an interval smaller than the uplink reporting interval, then it chooses a smaller paging cycle 604 , such as for example a 128 superframe cycle for downlink messages and a 4096 superframe paging cycle 602 for uplink messages.
  • Listening windows 605 for downlink messages are shown as offset by a paging offset 610 .
  • the M2M device wakes up from idle mode every 128 superframes at 605 .
  • Coordinated paging listening windows 615 are indicated near the beginning of each coordinated paging cycle, and contain a report code.
  • the other page listening windows 605 contain an action code for the downlink data.
  • a base station sends a downlink message, such as an AA1-PAG-ADV message with an action code of 0b0 to signal a pending downlink message.
  • the action code 0b0 signals the device to perform network entry.
  • Action code 0b1 signals the device to perform a location update.
  • abase station sends the AA1-PAG-ADV message with an action code of Ob0 if the device has a downlink message pending, and/or with a report code of 0b1 if the device is to send the uplink data.
  • the paging control for both coordinated paging and downlink paging are separated into two one-bit codes.
  • the report code 0b1 signals the device to send the uplink report.
  • the report code 0b0 is reserved.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a machine that maybe specifically programmed to execute one or more methods according to an example embodiment.
  • a hardware and operating environment is provided that is applicable to any of the base stations, controllers, servers, smart phones and M2M devices shown in the other Figures. Many of the components in FIG. 7 may not be needed for various implementations.
  • the machine illustrated in FIG. 7 may be suitable for use as any of the machine to machine devices ( FIG. 1 ), although other configuration may be suitable.
  • the machine illustrated in FIG. 7 may also be suitable for use as base station 110 ( FIG. 1 ) although other configurations may be suitable.
  • one embodiment of the hardware and operating environment includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer 700 (e.g., a personal computer, workstation, or server), including one or more processing units 721 , a system memory 722 , and a system bus 723 that operatively couples various system components including the system memory 722 to the processing unit 721 .
  • a computer 700 e.g., a personal computer, workstation, or server
  • processing units 721 e.g., a personal computer, workstation, or server
  • system memory 722 e.g., a system memory 722
  • system bus 723 that operatively couples various system components including the system memory 722 to the processing unit 721 .
  • CPU central-processing unit
  • computer 700
  • the system bus 723 can be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.
  • the system memory can also be referred to as simply the memory, and, in some embodiments, includes read-only memory (ROM) 724 and random-access memory (RAM) 725 .
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random-access memory
  • a basic input/output system (BIOS) program 726 containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 700 , such as during start-up, may be stored in ROM 724 .
  • the computer 700 further includes a hard disk drive 727 for reading from and writing to a hard disk, not shown, a magnetic disk drive 728 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 729 , and an optical disk drive 730 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 731 such as a CD ROM or other optical media.
  • a hard disk drive 727 for reading from and writing to a hard disk, not shown
  • a magnetic disk drive 728 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 729
  • an optical disk drive 730 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 731 such as a CD ROM or other optical media.
  • the hard disk drive 727 , magnetic disk drive 728 , and optical disk drive 730 couple with a hard disk drive interface 732 , a magnetic disk drive interface 733 , and an optical disk drive interface 734 , respectively.
  • the drives and their associated computer-readable media provide non volatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer 700 . It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any type of computer-readable media which can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), redundant arrays of independent disks (e.g., RAID storage devices) and the like, can be used in the exemplary operating environment.
  • a plurality of program modules can be stored on the hard disk, magnetic disk 729 , optical disk 731 , ROM 724 , or RAM 725 , including an operating system 735 , one or more application programs 736 , other program modules 737 , and program data 738 . Programming for implementing one or more processes or method described herein may be resident on any one or number of these computer-readable media.
  • a user may enter commands and information into computer 700 through input devices such as a keyboard 740 and pointing device 742 .
  • Other input devices can include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like.
  • These other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 721 through a serial port interface 746 that is coupled to the system bus 723 , but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port, or a universal serial bus (USB).
  • a monitor 747 or other type of display device can also be connected to the system bus 723 via an interface, such as a video adapter 748 .
  • the monitor 747 can display a graphical user interface for the user.
  • computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers.
  • the computer 700 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers or servers, such as remote computer 749 . These logical connections are achieved by a communication device coupled to or a part of the computer 700 ; the invention is not limited to a particular type of communications device.
  • the remote computer 749 can be another computer. a server, a router, a network PC, a client, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above I/0 relative to the computer 700 , although only a memory storage device 750 has been illustrated.
  • the logical connections depicted in FIG. 7 include a local area network (LAN) 751 and/or a wide area network (WAN) 752 .
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • Such networking environments are commonplace in office networks, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the internet, which are all types of networks.
  • the computer 700 When used in a LAN-networking environment, the computer 700 is connected to the LAN 751 through a network interface or adapter 753 , which is one type of communications device.
  • the computer 700 when used in a WAN-networking environment, the computer 700 typically includes a modem 754 (another type of communications device) or any other type of communications device, e.g., a wireless transceiver, for establishing communications over the wide-area network 752 , such as the internet.
  • the modem 754 which may be internal or external, is connected the system bus 723 via the serial port interface 746 .
  • program modules depicted relative to the computer 700 can be stored in the remote memory storage device 750 of remote computer, or server 749 .
  • network connections shown are exemplary and other means of, and communications devices for, establishing a communications link between the computers may be used including hybrid fiber-coax connections, T1-T3 lines, DSL's, OC-3 and/or OC-12, TCP/IP, microwave, wireless application protocol, and any other electronic media through any suitable switches, routers, outlets and power lines, as the same are known and understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • base station 110 and M2M devices may be configured to communicate orthogonal-frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel.
  • the OFDM signals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
  • base station 110 may be part of a broadband wireless access (BWA) network communication station, such as a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication station.
  • BWA broadband wireless access
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • base station 110 may be a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN or eNB (E-UTRAN Node B)) Long-Term-Evolution (LTE) or a Long-Term-Evolution (LTE) communication station, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • eNB E-UTRAN Node B
  • LTE Long-Term-Evolution
  • LTE Long-Term-Evolution
  • LTE Long-Term-Evolution
  • IEEE 802.16 For more information with respect to the IEEE 802.16 standards, please refer to “IEEE Standards for Information Technology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems”—Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part 16: “Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems,” May 2005 and related amendments/versions.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • the base station 110 and the M2M devices may utilize one or more antennas for transmission of RF signals to M2M devices.
  • the antennas may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used instead of two or more antennas.
  • each aperture may be considered a separate antenna.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.
  • a M2M device may utilize a single antenna.
  • a method comprising:
  • paging includes a page including an ID of a particular machine to machine device.
  • a machine readable storage device having coded stored thereon to cause a machine to implement a method, the method comprising:
  • a system comprising:
  • paging includes a page including an ID of a particular machine to machine device and a report code identifying whether or not the machine to machine device should send an uplink report.
  • a machine to machine device programmed to wake up at a coordinated paging cycle selected from a number of coordinated paging cycles and send uplink data following receipt of the number of coordinated paging cycles corresponding to the reporting period.
  • a machine readable storage device having instructions to cause a machine to perform a method, the method comprising:
  • paging includes a page including an ID of a particular machine to machine device and an report code identifying whether or not the machine to machine device should send an uplink report.
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US20130336223A1 (en) 2013-12-19

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