US2013862A - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 10, 1935. SQHULZ r 2,013,862

COMPRES SOR Filed Jan. 19, 1955 e Sheets-Sheet 1 f U672 Z 071? Sept. 10, 1935.

A. E. SCHUITZ El AL 2,013,862

COMPRESSOR Filed Jan; 19, 1955 s Sheets-Sheet a Sept. 10, 1935. A. E, SCHULZ ET AL COMPRESSOR 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Jan. 19, 1935 w E E NNN RN m :MNN T WNW \NNI/ fave/250R? (ZrZ/zur E jc/zuZ j anc-Z m mQzQ J 1 /1641 7. j W W Patented Sept. 19, 1935 COMPRESSOR Chicago, ill.

Appiicaticn January 19, 1935, Serial No. 2,474

Claims.

.? parent to those skilled in the art.

An object of our invention is to provide a device of the class described which will be of high capacity as compared to its size and weight without sacrifice of strength.

A further object is to provide such a device which will be economical in construction and operation and will be sufficiently rugged to be capable of operation over long periods of time with a minimum of attention.

Various other objects and advantages will become apparent as the description proceeds.

Referring to the drawings forming part of this specification and illustrating certain preferred embodiments of our invention:

Figure 1 represents an axial sectional View of one embodiment of our invention.

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional View taken substantially along the line 22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an elevation looking from a position to the left of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line i l of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 55 of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a perspective view showing a sealing bar and a cooperating spring therefor, constituting elements of our invention.

Figure 7 is a sectional View taken substantially on the line l--'i of Figure 2.

Figure 8 is a perspective View of a sealing block constituting an element of the construction.

Figures 9, l0, and 11 are diagrammatic views showing the mechanism of Figs. l-l2 at various stages of its operation.

Figure 12 is a transverse sectional view, corresponding to Figure 2, showing a valveless modification of our invention, said section being taken along line l2l2 of Fig. 13;

Figure 13 is an axial sectional view of the same, taken along line l3-l3 of Fig. 12.

Figure 14 is an axial sectional view of a cam and shaft constituting elements of the same construction, said section being taken on a plane rotated about 90 degrees from the position of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line l5i5 of Fig. 12.

Figure 16 is a transverse sectional View corresponding to those of Figures 1 and 12, showing still another valveless modification.

Figure 17 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line ll-ll of Figure 16.

Figure 18 is a perspective view of a cam constituting an element of the same, and

Figure 19 is a developed plan view of the surface of said cam.

The improved mechanism may be supported as by means of an angular bed plate it], which is secured as by means of threaded bolts H or the like to a cylindrical casing [2 which is preferl0 ably integral with frame member l3. The frame it, a similar cooperating frame member 13 and a hollow interposed frame member Hi constitute a housing H. It will be noted that the frame members l3, l3, and I l are substan- 15 tially similar in contour, and are secured together as by means of bolts 12 and define 2. rectangular chamber 15. The frames I3 and I3 have smooth faces 1, 1" against which frame member l4 seats snugly (Fig. 1). The frame 20 members l3 and I3 are preferably reinforced on the outer faces thereof, as by means of 2. marginal flange g and transverse ribs 1".

Disposed in the cylindrical casing I2 is a shaft I6 which is journaled in said casing l2 by means of two sets of ball bearings, indicated at H and ii, said bearings being maintained in longitudinally spaced relation relative to the shaft l6 as by means of a sleeve l8. The casing i2 is closed adjacent one end as by means of a cap it which may be secured to cylindrical part I2 as by bolts 21. The cap defines a chamber 22 for accommodating a lock nut 23 which is threaded onto the shaft It for retaining the same in proper longitudinal position. Said lock nut may be provided with apertures 25 registering with similar apertures in shaft l6, into which fits a circular spring wire 26 which functions somewhat as a cotter pin for retaining the nut in position. Cap 20 may also have an annular cavity 25 for retaining packing. The cylindrical casing l2 may also be provided with a normally plugged threaded opening 26 for introducing lubricant into the mechanism.

Formed integrally with the shaft I6 is a disk 38, apertures 28 being provided adjacent said disk for passage of lubricant. Disk 3il'carries a crank or eccentric 3!, which may be integral therewith, said crank 3! being disposed Within the chamber Hi. The crank 3| is pivotally mounted within a journalling portion 35 of a piston P, ball bearings or other suitable antifriction devices 3'! preferably being provided.

As seen best in Figures 1 and 2, the member P, which is referred to for convenience as a piston because of its function, is a rectangular member which is preferably cut out as at e and c in order to save weight and material. The side walls of said piston P (Fig. 4) are preferably cut out to form longitudinal chambers ill, the connecting wall 4i between said chambers being also removed adjacent the top and bottom of said piston (Fig. These chambers accommodate sealing bars 43 which extend longitudinally of the chambers and are provided with integral legs 44. Disposed between said bars and the wall 4|, separating the chambers 69, are strip or wave springs 46, said springs also being provided with angular legs 4? so as to be of substantially the same shape as the bars 43. It will be seen that these bars are urged by their respective adjacent springs into close contact with the inner walls 1, f of the frames l3 and I3 so as to serve as seals to prevent passage of fluid. Hence, said devices function similarly to piston rings in the ordinary cylindrical piston.

Disposed within the chamber I5 is a reciprocating piston P of rectangular shape. As seen best in Figure 2, one outside dimension of piston P. is the same as the corresponding dimension of chamber I5, so that the side walls of the piston P fit snugly against the inner side faces of the chamber l5, but said piston P is substantially shorter in its other dimension than the chamber 1, l5, thus permitting reciprocation within said chamber. The outside length of the piston P in oneof its dimensions, in this case its vertical dimension, is substantially equal to the corresponding inner dimension of the piston P, the

15 other dimension of the piston P being substantially smaller, thus permitting snug reciprocal movement of the piston P within the piston P.

It will also be seen from Figures 1 and 4 that the piston P is preferably formed in two interlocking sections 58 and 5B which are angular or L-shaped in cross-section and at various spaced points in their periphery are bored to seat helical springs 5| urging the members 59 and 50' away from each other and into close cooperation with faces f and f of their respective adjacent frames l3- and 53. While this construction is not considered as absolutely requisite, since the piston P may if desired be formed as an integral member, the described construction, from a standpoint of convenience and economy, is considered desirable inasmuch as it substantially prevents passage of fluid without the necessity of such perfect machining as might unduly increase frictionbetween the moving parts.

It will also be noted from Figure 2 that the piston P is cut out at various spaced points along its outer side walls and along its inner top and bottom walls to provide pockets 53. As seen best in Figures 2, 7, and 8, these pockets accommodate channeL-shaped sealing plugs 55 which are urged into position by means of spring clips 56 so as to seal the sliding surfaces between pistons P and P against leakage of fluid.

As seen best in Figures 2 and 4, the members 50 and 50, are beveled for a portion of their length to provide fluid pockets or cavities 57.

The frame members l3 and it are tapped as at 58 to seat valve plugs 59, these plugs seating against gaskets (it. Each of said plugs may be bored as at 6| to receive a conduit 62 and is also provided with a chamber 63 housing a valve disk 64 which is urged against its seat as by means of a helical spring 55, said spring being retained in position as by means of an annular nut 66. As seen clearly in Figure 1, the nut 66 may be screwed into position in the plug 59 and may be provided with holes for a spanner wrench or other tool. A port 6? is provided in the frame l3 to permit communication between the valve chamber and the chamber I5 of housing H. 5

As seen clearly in Figure 1, the valves are for convenience arranged in opposite pairs, one of each pair being adapted for intake and the other for exhaust. While we have described only the intake valve, as shown in Figure l, the construc- 10 tion and operation of the corresponding exhaust valve is substantially the reverse, valve disk 64 being urged by a helical spring 65 against annular nut 66, which serves as the valve seat in this case.

As shown in Figure 3, four pairs of valves are provided in the embodiment shown. However, it will be obvious that this number may be modified.

The operation of the device just described is as follows: Power is imparted to the shaft Hi from some suitable source, such as a motor, whereupon the crank 3! is given a rotary motion, carrying with it the piston P. This piston thus is given an absolute rotary motion; however, as it rotates, the piston P reciprocates within the piston P. moving horizontally therein in the embodiment shown in the drawings. Said piston P, on the other hand, is given a reciprocating motion within the chamber l5, said motion being up and down in the particular embodiment shown in the drawings.

Considering the position of the parts as shown in Figure 2 as at 0 angularity, and assuming also that the shaft has a clockwise motion, as shown in this figure, the subsequent relative positions of the two pistons P and P and the housing will be substantially as represented in Figure 9 when the crank is at 90 to the position of Figure 2; the parts will be as represented in Figure 10 when the crank is at 180 to the position of Figure 2, and the parts will be as shown in Figure 11 when the crank is at 270 to the position of Figure 2.

It will be seen that in the position shown in Figure 2, the pistons P and P will have reached their limit of motion in the upward direction, thus completely exhausting the fluid through the upper exhaust valve. Continuing the motion in a clockwise direction, it will be seen that as the parts move from the position of Figure 2 to that of Figure 9, fluid will be drawn into the space 10, while fluid will be exhausted from the space H by the lateral motion of the piston P, and at the same time the fluid occupying the space 72 will have been placed under compression. As the parts move from the position of Figure 9 to that of Figure 10, the fluid in the space 72 will be exhausted through the appropriate exhaust port while fluid will be taken into the space "H by the lateral movement of the piston P; at the same time fluid will have been drawn into the space it by the downward movement of the piston P, to the maximum capacity of said space. As the parts move from the position of Figure 10' to that of Figure 11, the lateral motion of the piston P will completely exhaust the fluid from the space 73, fluid will have been drawn into the space l2 by the upward movement of the piston 7 P and by the same effect the fluid in space 10 will have been placed under compression. Completing the cycle, in moving from the position of Fig. 11 to that of Fig. 2, fluid will be exhausted from space 19, fluid willbepcompressedin space 757 "II, fiuid will be sucked into space 12 and additional fluid drawn into space I3.

Referring now to Figures 12-15, inclusive, these views illustrate a v-alveless modification of our invention. As shown in Figures 12 and 13, this construction comprises a housing H consisting of a pair of frames I I3, H3, said frames being substantially similar and disposed opposite each other and maintained in spaced relation by a hollow frame member II I. These frames are secured in assembled relation as by means of bolts 1) and define a chamber iitl.

Disposed within the chamber H5 is a reciprocable piston I W, said piston comprising a rectangular member which is substantially equal in one outer dimension to an inner dimension of the chamber H5 and substantially shorter in its other dimension, whereby said piston IIl may slidably reciprocate within said chamber IIi'a. Said piston may be of any suitable construction, being either integral or built up of a plurality of members. In the embodiment shown, said piston is an integral member, being bored on opposite sides to provide ducts d1, (2 for the passage of fluid. The sides III' and III of said piston are provided with rectangular channels I20 spaced from the inner edges thereof for the seating of sealing bars I222, said bars being urged by resilient members such as wave springs I23 into close engagement with the inner faces of the frame members H3 and I53. Said sealing bars are arranged on opposite sides of the pis ton H1 at the ends III and IIE and are pro-- vided with terminal rectangular cut out portions which interlock at the corners, as shown at I2 3 (Fig. 12). As shown clearly in Figure 13, the bars I22 are effective to prevent passage of fluid from either side of the piston I ll.

Mounted within the piston III is an inner piston I26, so constructed that one of its outside dimensions is substantially equal to an inside dimension of the piston I II, while its other dimension is substantially less than the corresponding dimension of the piston I I7, whereby the piston I26 may slidably reciprocate within the piston II'I.

Said piston I26 is provided with a pair of ducts I30, I30 disposed opposite each other. Said piston is also milled out adjacent its opposite ends to form cavities I32, I32 with which said ducts I30 and I30, respectively, communicate. It will also be apparent from Figure 13 that the cavities I32, I32 communicate, respectively, with the ducts dz and ch in the piston I II".

The piston I25, as shown clearly in Figure 15, is provided along its edges with longitudinal channels I35 and transverse channels I36 in which are seated longitudinal sealing bars I31 .and transverse sealing bars I38, said bars being urged by resilient means such as wave springs III! into close engagement with the inner surfaces of the frame members lit and H3. it will be obvious that said strips function to prevent passage of fluid past the piston I26.

As seen in Figs. 12 and 13, annular cavities are provided in the upper and lower faces of piston I26 for seating sealing rings I II.

In this embodiment there is provided a hollow shaft I42 which is mounted in the frames Iii-3 and H3 as by means of threaded annular members Hi3 and lock nuts MA an annular chamber I45 being provided for packing or the like, and the frame members H3 and H3 being provided with annular threaded bosses Ifiii for seating the journalling members M3. Ball bearings or other suitable anti-friction devices II are also preferably provided.

Preferably formed integrally with the shaft M2 and arranged eccentrically thereon is a crank member indicated generally at IEIIi. (See Fig. i l). Said eccentric is provided with a pair of pockets I5I and I5I, said pockets being separated from each other by a wall I5I Pocket I5I communicates with bore I52 of the shaft on one side of the housing H while pocket I5! communicates with bore I52 on the opposite side of the housing. Pocket I5! also communicates with an approximately segmental-shaped cavity IE I formed in the eccentric I56 while the pocket It I communicates with a similarly shaped cavity its disposed on the opposite side of the eccentric from the cavity I54.

The eccentric IEII] is also bored on opposite sides of its periphery, as clearly shown in Figure 12 to provide seats for plugs I57, said plugs being provided with axial cavities I59 for the seating of coil springs I68 urging said plugs toward the periphery of said eccentric. While these plugs have been shown in oppositely disposed pairs, it, of course, is understood that they may be arranged in other numbers and positions. Said plugs serve as seals to prevent passage of fluid between chambers WI and IE4 around the periphery of cam I59.

The eccentric it may be provided with a pair of peripheral channels I62 for the seating of sealing rings I63, it being understood that the plugs It'l are suitably shaped to seat said rings. It will be obvious that these rings function to prevent passage of fluid. Said eccentric is also preferably milled as at I65 for the seating of roller bearings Itt or other suitable anti-friction means.

t is believed that the operation of this embodiment of our invention will be apparent from the drawings. It will be understood, of course, that the two pistons move according to substantially the same principle as in the embodiment of Figs. 1-11. Assuming that bore I52 of the shaft I 12 constitutes an inlet conduit and bore 552 an outlet conduit, When the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 12, fluid will have been completely exhausted through the duct (12 and fluid will be under compression in the space III) to the right of piston I26 (Fig. 12). Continued operation will result in movement of piston I26 to the right, whereby the fluid which has been compressed in space I'Ifi will be exhausted through duct Itil of said piston, from which it passes into the chamber I5 3, thence into chamber I5I of the eccentric and out through bore I 52 of the shaft. At the same time this movement of piston Itii will draw air through bore I52 of the shaft, thence into chamber I5I', from which it passes into segmental chamber IEG and out through duct I3Il of the piston I28, into space I'II. Also, at the same time, the fluid in space IE2 below piston III will be undergoing compression.

By the time the eccentric has reached the point where the edge II? of segmental chamber I54 reaches the duct I30, the fluid within said space II Z will have undergone maximum compression and will then begin to exhaust through duct d1 into opening I32, thence through duct I30 into the chambers I54 and I5I and on out through bore I52 of the shaft, as described above.

As the eccentric continues its rotation about the shaft the piston I26 will reverse its motion, after completely exhausting the fluid Within the space I19 and will start to move toward the left (Fig. 12) thus beginning to compress the fluid within the space Hi. It will be obvious that when the point I13 of the cam reaches duct Itil the fluid within the space ill will be under compression and will then begin to flow out of said space ll! throughout duct 13G into chamber I54 of the cocentric and ultimately out through the exhaust bore :52 of the shaft.

It is thought that the remainder of the cycle will be apparent from what has been described above.

Turning now to Figs. 16-19 inclusive, these views illustrate another valveless modification of our invention. This construction comprises frame members 2E3 and 2E3 secured as by bolts 1) in spaced relation by means of hollow frame member 214, said frame members constituting a housing H", defining a chamber 215. Rotatably mounted in said housing is a shaft 216, journaled in substantially the same manner as the shaft 142, shown in Figure 13.

Frame member 2 I3 is drilled to provide an exhaust opening 228 which, if desired, may be threaded for connection with tubing or the like,

while frame member 213' is similarly provided with an inlet opening 22 i.

Shaft 256 carries an eccentric disk or cam 224, best seen in Fig. 18. Said disk may be secured to the shaft in any suitable manner or may be integral therewith if desired; in the embodiment shown, said disk is keyed to the shaft as by means of key member 225.

Said eccentric disk, as is best understood from 1 inspection of Figs. 18 and 19, is circular in crosssection and the cam surface thereof is incised to form a pocket 226 which extends only a portion of the way around the periphery of the disk, a channel 22'! extending around the periphery of the disk so as to connect the ends of the pockets 228, as

clearly shown in Fig. 19. Spaced from the pocket 226 is a substantially similar pocket 225, a channel 22? substantially similar to the channel 227 and parallel thereto extending around the periphery of the disk so as to connect the ends of the pocket 226 While channels 221 and 221' are shown of unequal width, they may be of the same width with satisfactory results.

The cam disk 224 is rotatably mounted in a circular opening of corresponding size formed in a rectangular piston 239. Saidpiston 2353 is preferably skeletonized as much as possible by provision of balanced cut out portions 23f 23 l in order to reduce weight as much as possible, and is also provided with ducts 232 232", 232 and 232 The ducts 232 and 232 are enlarged adjacent their ends to form elongated spaces 233 and 233 Formed also in piston 239 are chambers 235 and 235, said chambers being spaced longitudinally of the shaft so as to register respectively with the channels 227 and 221. As seen best in Fig. 17, the piston 230 is drilled to provide an opening 23? connecting the chamber 235 with the outlet opening 220 and an aperture 231' connecting the chamber 221 with the inlet opening 22 I.

There is also provided a rectangular piston 248 in which the piston 23!) reciprocates. An inner dimension of the piston 249 is substantially equal to the corresponding outer dimension of the piston 230, while the piston 24!! is substantially larger in its other dimension than the piston 239, thus permitting sliding reciprocation of piston 232 within piston 249. As shown best in Fig. 16, said piston 24!) is provided with opposite ducts 2&2 and It will be understood that the co-operating pistons 238 and 240 in this embodiment may, if desired, be of similar construction to the corresponding members shown in the other embodiments, so far as concerns sealing devices and other details.

In general, the operation of this embodiment is similar to that of the other embodiments described above so far as regards the action of the two rectangular pistons, the piston 230 being carried in a rotary motion with the cam or eccentric 10 ing 22! and thence into piston 230 via the bore 7 231' through pocket 235' and into chamber 221 of cam 222. As said cam continues its rotation, after it has reached a position where pocket 226 comes into registry with passage 232 fluid will flow through said passage and duct 2 32 into the space above piston 2 19, which will be moving downwardly. At the same time, fluid will be exhausting from space 252 to the right of piston 230 (Fig. 16) through duct 232 into chamber 226' of the cam, and thence through channel 221. Since this channel communicates with chamber 235 of piston 23% fluid will pass out through said chamber via outlet opening 231. Also at the same time, after the edge 258 of chamber 225' has passed the duct 232, fluid will exhaust from space 25! below piston 24!! by way of ducts 242 and 232 into chamber 226 and thence out of the device, as described above.

It is believed that the remainder of the cycle will be clear from what has been described.

We claim:

1. In a device of the class described, a housing defining a rectangular chamber, intake and exhaust ports arranged in pairs on each side of said housing, a fluid-propelling member recip-.

rocating within said housing for alternately drawing fluid into and expelling fluid from said housing, and a second fluid-propelling member reciprocating within said first-mentioned member for alternately drawing fluid into and expelling 5,9

fluid from a space defined between said first member and said second member.

2. In a device of the class described, a rectangular piston, a second rectangular piston within which said first piston is reciprocable, a housing 5 within which said second piston is reciprocable, and means for imparting rotary motion to said first piston whereby fluid is alternately drawn into and expelled from the space between said first and second pistons and fluid is alternately c0 drawn into and expelled from the space between said second piston and said housing, and an intake valve and an exhaust valve disposed on each side of said housing.

3. In a device of the class described, a pair of i frames arranged opposite each other and a similar frame disposed therebetween, said frames enclosing a rectangular chamber, a reciprocable fluid-propelling member disposed within said chamber and in contact with said opposite frames, and means for preventing passage of fluid between said movable member and frames, comprising members carried by said reciprocable member having surfaces normally urged into contact with those of said frames.

4. In a device of the class described, a rectangular piston, a second rectangular piston within which said first piston is reciprocable, a housing forming a chamber within which said second piston is reciprocable, and a cam for imparting rotary motion to said first piston whereby fluid is alternately drawn into and expelled from the space between said first and second pistons and fluid is alternately drawn into and expelled from the space between said second piston and said housing, said cam having a cavity communicating with said chamber for passage of fluid.

5. In a device of the class described, a rectangular piston, a second rectangular piston within which said first piston is reciprocable, a housing forming a chamber within which said second piston is reciprocable, and a cam for imparting rotary motion to said first piston whereby fluid is alternately drawn into and expelled from the space between said first and second pistons and fluid is alternately drawn into and expelled from the space between said second piston and said housing, said cam having an inlet cavity and an exhaust cavity.

6. In a device of the class described, a pair of frames arranged opposite each other and a similar frame disposed therebetween, said frames enclosing a rectangular chamber, a reciprocable fiuid-propelling member disposed within said chamber and in contact with said opposite frames, and means for preventing passage of fluid between said movable member and frames, comprising metallic strips disposed between said movable member and said frames, and resilient members urging said strips into fluid-sealing position, said movable member being recessed to house said strips and resilient members.

In a device of the class described, a pair of frames arranged opposite each other and a similar frame disposed therebetween, said frames enclosing a rectangular chamber, a reciprocable fluid-propelling member disposed within said chamber and in contact with said opposite frames, a second fluid-propelling member arranged to reciprocate within said first-mentioned member and at right angles to the motion thereof, means for imparting rotary motion to said second memher, at least one of said members being formed of a pair of interlocking parts axially spaced, and means resiliently urging said parts into fluidtight engagement with said opposite frames.

8. A device as defined in claim 3, wherein said fluid-propelling member is longitudinally recessed, L-shaped metallic strips disposed in said recesses in opposite pairs, and resilient members urging said strips into fluid-sealing contact with said opposite frames.

9. In a device of the class described, a rectangular piston, a second rectangular piston within which said first piston is reciprocable, a housing forming a chamber within which said second piston is reciprocable, and a cam for imparting rotary motion to said first piston whereby fluid is alternately drawn into and expelled from the space between said first and second pistons and fluid is alternately drawn into and expelled from the space between said second piston and said housing, said cam being provided with a pair of non-communicating cavities, said pistons being provided with conduits communicating with said cavities at times within the cycle of movement of said device, and a hollow shaft for imparting rotation to said cam and communicating with the cavities thereof, thus providing for inlet and exhaust of fluid to and from said chamber.

10. In a device of the class described, a rectangular piston, a second rectangular piston Within which said first piston is reciprocable, a housing forming a chamber Within which said second piston is reciprocable, and a cam for imparting rotary motion to said first piston whereby fluid alternately drawn into and expelled from the space between said first and second pistons and fluid is alternately drawn into and expelled from the space between said second piston and said housing, said cam being provided with noncommunicating channels in the periphery thereof serving as intake and exhaust passages, respectively, said pistons being provided with conduits communicating with said channels at times within the cycle of movement of said device, and con-duits serving for the inlet and exhaust of fluid, respectively, to and from said chamber.

ARTHUR E. SCHULZ. DONALD J. PHELPS.

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