US20130293214A1 - Direct Current Converter for Bootstrap Circuit with predetermined charging duration - Google Patents

Direct Current Converter for Bootstrap Circuit with predetermined charging duration Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130293214A1
US20130293214A1 US13/542,682 US201213542682A US2013293214A1 US 20130293214 A1 US20130293214 A1 US 20130293214A1 US 201213542682 A US201213542682 A US 201213542682A US 2013293214 A1 US2013293214 A1 US 2013293214A1
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Prior art keywords
switch
driving
circuit
bootstrap
control signal
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Abandoned
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US13/542,682
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English (en)
Inventor
Shao-Te Chang
Chun-Kai Hsu
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Anpec Electronics Corp
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Anpec Electronics Corp
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Assigned to ANPEC ELECTRONICS CORPORATION reassignment ANPEC ELECTRONICS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHANG, SHAO-TE, HSU, CHUN-KAI
Publication of US20130293214A1 publication Critical patent/US20130293214A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/0063—High side switches, i.e. the higher potential [DC] or life wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/0081—Power supply means, e.g. to the switch driver

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a direct current (DC) converter, and more particularly, to a DC converter capable of timely charging a bootstrap capacitor.
  • DC direct current
  • An electronic device includes various components, each of which may operate at different voltage levels. Therefore, a DC converter is definitely required to adjust (step up or down) and stabilize the voltage level in the electronic device. Originating from a buck (or step down) converter and a boost (or step up) converter, various types of DC converters are accordingly customized to meet different power requirements. As implied by the names, the buck converter is utilized for stepping down a DC voltage of an input terminal to a default voltage level, and the boost converter is for stepping up the DC voltage of the input terminal. With the advancement of modern electronics technology, both of the buck converter and the boost converter are modified and customized to conform to different architectures or to meet different requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional DC converter 10 .
  • the DC converter 10 includes a driving-stage circuit 100 , an output-stage circuit 102 , a control module 104 , a bootstrap circuit 106 and an upper switch driving circuit 108 , for converting an input voltage V in to a stable output voltage V out which is lower than the input voltage V in .
  • the driving-stage circuit 100 includes an upper switch Q 1 and a lower switch Q 2 .
  • the driving-stage circuit 100 controls states of the upper switch Q 1 and the lower switch Q 2 according to an upper switch control signal V_CTRL_U generated by the upper switch driving circuit 108 and a lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L generated by the control module 104 , such that the upper switch Q 1 and the lower switch Q 2 switch between the on and off states respectively. That is, the upper switch Q 1 is enabled and the lower switch Q 2 is disabled, and then the upper switch Q 1 is disabled and the lower switch Q 2 is enabled, so as to generate a switch signal SS on an output terminal X to the output-stage circuit 102 .
  • the output-stage circuit 102 includes an inductor L and a capacitor C, coupled between the output terminal X of the driving-stage circuit 100 and a ground terminal V gnd , keeps the inductor L operating between the charge and discharge states according to the switch signal SS transmitted by the driving-stage circuit 100 , and maintains the output voltage V out with a predefined voltage value by cooperating with the voltage stabilization function of the capacitor C.
  • the bootstrap circuit 106 which is coupled between a bootstrap voltage terminal V cc and the output terminal X of the driving-stage circuit 100 , includes a bootstrap capacitor C_BS and a diode D_BS. The bootstrap circuit 106 is used for providing a stable voltage source to the upper switch driving circuit 108 .
  • control module 104 controls the states of the upper switch Q 1 and the lower switch Q 2 through the upper switch control signal V_CTRL_U generated by the upper switch driving circuit 108 and the lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L generated by the control module 104 , to adjust the switching frequency between the charge and discharge status, so as to generate the desired output voltage V out .
  • the control module 104 should output the lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L to enable the lower switch Q 2 to start charging the bootstrap capacitor C_BS when the voltage difference between the two sides of the bootstrap capacitor C_BS is over-low.
  • the cost will increase because accurate and complex detection and logic circuits are required to realize the prior art.
  • the present invention discloses a direct current converter for converting an input voltage to an output voltage
  • the direct current converter includes a driving-stage circuit, including an upper switch and a lower switch, the driving-stage circuit for converting the input voltage to a switch signal according to an upper switch control signal and a lower switch control signal, and transmitting the switch signal through an output terminal, an output-stage circuit, coupled to the output terminal of the driving-stage circuit, for converting the switch signal to the output voltage, a bootstrap circuit, coupled between a bootstrap voltage terminal and the output terminal of the driving-stage circuit, an upper switch driving circuit, coupled to the driving-stage circuit and the bootstrap circuit, for generating the upper switch control signal, and a control module, coupled to the upper switch driving circuit and the lower switch of the driving-stage circuit, for generating the lower switch control signal and controlling the upper switch driving circuit to generate the upper switch control signal according to a first and a second time duration, so as to timely switch a status of the bootstrap circuit to a charge state accordingly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional direct current converter.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a direct current converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a direct current (DC) converter 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the DC converter 20 includes a driving-stage circuit 200 , an output-stage circuit 202 , a control module 204 , a bootstrap circuit 206 and an upper switch driving circuit 208 .
  • the driving-stage circuit 200 , the output-stage circuit 202 , the bootstrap circuit 206 and the upper switch driving circuit 208 of the DC converter 20 are substantially similar to the driving-stage circuit 100 , the output-stage circuit 102 , the bootstrap circuit 106 and the upper switch driving circuit 108 of the DC converter 10 , and the same components are denoted by the same symbols of FIG.
  • the operation of the DC converter 20 is substantially similar to that of the DC converter 10 , and is not narrated hereinafter.
  • the difference between the DC converter 20 and the DC converter 10 is that a charge time control unit 210 is added in the control module 204 of the DC converter 20 , and operations and realizations of the control module 204 are adjusted correspondingly, so as to timely switch a status of a bootstrap capacitor C_BS to a charge state and avoid damaging the upper switch Q 1 .
  • control module 204 includes the charge time control unit 210 and a control signal generation unit 212 .
  • the charge time control unit 210 sets a time point for switching the bootstrap capacitor C_BS to the charge state and a time duration for charging according to the capacitance of the bootstrap capacitor C_BS, a voltage difference between the two sides of the bootstrap capacitor C_BS, a leakage current of the upper switch Q 1 and a charge quantity for the bootstrap capacitor C_BS, and generates an indication signal IND accordingly.
  • the control signal generation unit 212 generates a lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L according to the indication signal IND, and controls the upper switch driving circuit 208 to generate an upper switch control signal V_CTRL_U to control the on and off states of the upper switch Q 1 and the lower switch Q 2 , so as to timely switch the bootstrap capacitor C_BS to the charge state.
  • the control signal generation unit 212 transmits the lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L to switch the lower switch Q 2 to the off state and switch the bootstrap capacitor C_BS to the charge state after a first time duration T d1 elapses.
  • the first time duration T d1 can be derived from the following equation:
  • I leak is the leakage current of the upper switch Q 1
  • C boot is the capacitance of bootstrap capacitor C_BS
  • ⁇ V is the difference between a bootstrap voltage V cc and a specific voltage value.
  • the value of I leak is approximately between 10 to 100 ⁇ A. Since I leak , C boot , and ⁇ V can be predetermined, the first time duration T d1 can be pre-derived from Equation 1. Then, the control signal generation unit 212 transmits the lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L to switch the lower switch Q 2 to the on state after the first time duration T d1 elapses.
  • the time needed for increasing the voltage difference between the two sides of the bootstrap capacitor from the specific voltage value to the bootstrap voltage V cc which is a second time duration T d2 (i.e. the time duration for charging)
  • T d2 i.e. the time duration for charging
  • T d ⁇ ⁇ 2 C boot ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ V I ch , ( Equation ⁇ ⁇ 2 )
  • I ch is the charge quantity for the bootstrap capacitor C_BS
  • C boot is the capacitance of the bootstrap capacitor C_BS
  • ⁇ V is the difference between the bootstrap voltage V cc and the specific voltage value. Since I ch , C boot , and ⁇ V can be predetermined, the second time duration T d2 can be pre-derived from Equation 2. Specifically, the control signal generation unit 212 transmits the lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L to switch the lower switch Q 2 to the off state.
  • the charge time control unit 210 After the first time duration T d1 elapses, the charge time control unit 210 generates an indication signal IND to indicate to the control signal generation unit 212 to transmit the lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L to enable the lower switch Q 2 , such that the bootstrap capacitor C_BS is entered to the charge state at the time which the bootstrap capacitor C_BS starts charging. In the second time duration T d2 , the bootstrap capacitor C_BS is kept in the charge state. The charge time control unit 210 generates the indication signal IND to indicate to the control signal generation unit 212 to generate the lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L to disable the lower switch Q 2 after the time duration for charging (i.e. the second time duration T d2 ) of the bootstrap capacitor C_BS elapses.
  • the control signal generation unit 212 After the first time duration T d1 elapses again, the control signal generation unit 212 generates the lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L to enable the lower switch Q 2 again and keeps lower switch Q 2 in the on state during the second time duration T d2 , so as to keep switching the charge state of the bootstrap capacitor C_BS.
  • the time point for switching the bootstrap capacitor C_BS to the charge state and the time duration for charging are set in advance, and the charge time control unit 210 indicates to the control signal generation unit 212 to generate the lower switch control signal V_CTRL_L according to the first time duration T d1 and the second time duration T, and controls the upper switch driving circuit 208 to generate the upper switch control signal V_CTRL_U to switch the upper switch Q 1 and the lower switch Q 2 between the on and off states, so as to timely switch the bootstrap capacitor C_BS to the charge state.
  • the charging status of the bootstrap capacitor is determined by detecting the voltage difference between the two sides of the bootstrap capacitor utilizing an extra circuit and comparing the voltage difference between the two sides of the bootstrap capacitor with a reference voltage value.
  • the time point for switching the bootstrap capacitor C_BS to the charge state and the time duration for charging can be set in advance according to the characteristics of the components, such that the lower switch timely is switched between the on and off states, for controlling the charge state of the bootstrap capacitor.
  • the DC converter of the present invention can set the time point for charging and the time duration for charging in advance according to the characteristics of the components, so as to timely switch the bootstrap circuit to the charge state without detecting the voltage difference between the two sides of the bootstrap capacitor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
US13/542,682 2012-05-03 2012-07-06 Direct Current Converter for Bootstrap Circuit with predetermined charging duration Abandoned US20130293214A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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TW101115774A TW201347381A (zh) 2012-05-03 2012-05-03 應用於靴帶電路之直流轉換器
TW101115774 2012-05-03

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150061611A1 (en) * 2012-08-30 2015-03-05 Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. Bootstrap refresh control circuit, power converter and associated method
US20150188328A1 (en) * 2012-09-12 2015-07-02 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Charging circuit, an inductive load control circuit, an internal combustion engine, a vehicle and a method of charging a bootstrap storage element
CN104821716A (zh) * 2014-01-30 2015-08-05 登丰微电子股份有限公司 恒定导通时间控制器
US20160013730A1 (en) * 2014-07-14 2016-01-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Rectifier circuit for converting ac voltage into rectified voltage
US20160043624A1 (en) * 2014-08-11 2016-02-11 Texas Instruments Incorporated Shared Bootstrap Capacitor for Multiple Phase Buck Converter Circuit and Methods
US9705423B1 (en) 2016-02-24 2017-07-11 Woodward, Inc. Controlled bootstrap driver for high side electronic switching device
US10277217B2 (en) 2015-12-14 2019-04-30 Woodward, Inc. Controlled bootstrap driver for high side electronic switching device
US10666075B2 (en) * 2018-04-09 2020-05-26 Anpec Electronics Corporation Non-narrow voltage direct current charger and control method thereof
CN116111817A (zh) * 2023-04-12 2023-05-12 深圳市德兰明海新能源股份有限公司 一种适用于升降压拓扑的自举电路以及储能电源

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110156669A1 (en) * 2009-11-04 2011-06-30 Panasonic Corporation Dc-dc converter

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110156669A1 (en) * 2009-11-04 2011-06-30 Panasonic Corporation Dc-dc converter

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150061611A1 (en) * 2012-08-30 2015-03-05 Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. Bootstrap refresh control circuit, power converter and associated method
US9312773B2 (en) * 2012-08-30 2016-04-12 Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. Bootstrap refresh control circuit, power converter and associated method
US20150188328A1 (en) * 2012-09-12 2015-07-02 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Charging circuit, an inductive load control circuit, an internal combustion engine, a vehicle and a method of charging a bootstrap storage element
US10116160B2 (en) * 2012-09-12 2018-10-30 Nxp Usa, Inc. Charging circuit, an inductive load control circuit, an internal combustion engine, a vehicle and a method of charging a bootstrap storage element
US9543833B2 (en) 2014-01-30 2017-01-10 Green Solution Technology Co., Ltd. Constant on time controller
CN104821716A (zh) * 2014-01-30 2015-08-05 登丰微电子股份有限公司 恒定导通时间控制器
US20160013730A1 (en) * 2014-07-14 2016-01-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Rectifier circuit for converting ac voltage into rectified voltage
US9419509B2 (en) * 2014-08-11 2016-08-16 Texas Instruments Incorporated Shared bootstrap capacitor for multiple phase buck converter circuit and methods
US20160043624A1 (en) * 2014-08-11 2016-02-11 Texas Instruments Incorporated Shared Bootstrap Capacitor for Multiple Phase Buck Converter Circuit and Methods
US10277217B2 (en) 2015-12-14 2019-04-30 Woodward, Inc. Controlled bootstrap driver for high side electronic switching device
US9705423B1 (en) 2016-02-24 2017-07-11 Woodward, Inc. Controlled bootstrap driver for high side electronic switching device
US10666075B2 (en) * 2018-04-09 2020-05-26 Anpec Electronics Corporation Non-narrow voltage direct current charger and control method thereof
CN116111817A (zh) * 2023-04-12 2023-05-12 深圳市德兰明海新能源股份有限公司 一种适用于升降压拓扑的自举电路以及储能电源

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