US20130272934A1 - Using the solid waste-quicklime membrane swqm process for the production of sodium hydroxide - Google Patents

Using the solid waste-quicklime membrane swqm process for the production of sodium hydroxide Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130272934A1
US20130272934A1 US13/521,127 US200913521127A US2013272934A1 US 20130272934 A1 US20130272934 A1 US 20130272934A1 US 200913521127 A US200913521127 A US 200913521127A US 2013272934 A1 US2013272934 A1 US 2013272934A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquor
naoh
na2co3
produce
acidic
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Abandoned
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US13/521,127
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English (en)
Inventor
Mohammed Olfi
Tarek R. Farhat
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US20130272934A1 publication Critical patent/US20130272934A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D1/00—Oxides or hydroxides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D1/04—Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D1/00—Oxides or hydroxides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D1/04—Hydroxides
    • C01D1/20—Preparation by reacting oxides or hydroxides with alkali metal salts
    • C01D1/22—Preparation by reacting oxides or hydroxides with alkali metal salts with carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D7/07—Preparation from the hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention uses a classical equation where CO2 is reacted with caustic soda NaOH to produce clear solution of sodium carbonate Na2CO3 such that:
  • regenerants such as brine water with a salinity of 6 to 12%, acidic water with acidity of >8% (e.g. HCl or H2SO4) or a combination of both is crucial because it is used to regenerate the cation exchanger such that:
  • One aspect of the present patent requires a sparging reactor to bubble acidic flue gas where gases such as HCl and SO2 can be captured to produce acidic solutions such that,
  • Acidic waste can be combined with basic waste such as power plant ash to produce neutral output that can be discharged safely to environment.
  • Sodium carbonate liquor produced is of low percentage ie 0.05 to 0.5% and need to be concentrated to ⁇ 6%.
  • the concentration process is performed using reverse osmosis system where the Na2CO3 liquor is taken through multiple passes until the final concentrate output is around 6%.
  • Industrially a concentration of 6% is low to extract the solid economically a major setback for membrane technology.
  • the difficulty in going above 6% with existing membrane technology is the high pressure that deteriorates the membrane. Even if recompression evaporation is used around 1 MW is required to produce one ton of solid product.
  • the most obvious heat source is the heat emitted by solid waste incineration or any other waste heal source.
  • Solid waste, brine water waste, and CO2 waste are major problems faced by human communities worldwide.
  • the proposed invention attempts to bring these three waste problems in one industrial process to bring about a green solution while making a financial benefit.
  • the green solution is fulfilled by large elimination of the various wastes stated above.
  • the financial benefit comes from selling the soda commodity chemicals as byproduct of the combined processes.
  • the production of NaOH by the WHQM process is an alternative to the chloro-alkali cell process that is used worldwide to produce caustic soda NaOH.
  • Major problem in the chloro-alkali cell process it is tied up to chlorine production and chlorine is a poisonous gas that must find a safe storage. Production of caustic soda using WHQM process is chlorine independent.
  • the process essentially relies on advanced membrane technology systems to produce sodium hydroxide NaOH. Therefore, it is very different from chloro-alkali process that works on high consumption of electrical power (i.e. 3000 KWH per ton of NaOH) to convert NaCl to NaOH.
  • the only byproduct is CaCO3 while in chloro-alkali technology dangerous gases such as chlorine and hydrogen have to be handled safely.
  • Acidic flue gas can be sparged under pressure to dissolve the acidic gas in sea water or river water to form acidic liquor that can be used in strong or weak ion exchange regeneration.
  • Ion exchange system would receive the calcium hydroxide liquor Ca(OH)2 (e.g. ⁇ 0.5-1 g/L) to produce a dilute caustic soda liquor at 1000 ppm concentration.
  • Reactors design Carbon dioxide gas is sparged through caustic soda NaOH in a reactor to form a dilute sodium carbonate liquor Na2CO3 (e.g. 700 ppm Na2CO3 to 300 ppm NaOH). The latter is then subjected to further filtration to remove impurity particulates then passed to reverse osmosis system.
  • the low % liquor needs to be converted and concentrated to higher % sodium carbonate Na2CO3 liquor (e.g. 2400 ppm Na2CO3 to 1000 ppm NaOH) by passing it to a reverse osmosis system.
  • RO unit contains RO cartridges cascaded with the CO2-NaOH reactors in between.
  • the objective is to keep the NaOH concentration below 300 ppm as the concentration of Na2CO3 is increased. That is, keep the pH ⁇ 11.
  • FIGS. 3A , 3 B and 3 C showing mass balance analysis of the entire process (Pages 11,12,13).
  • waste heat that is provided by the solid waste processing unit can convert water into steam of 120 to 150° C. having a boiler above the solid waste incinerator.
  • the steam can be used to convert the 7% sodium hydroxide liquor to 50% liquor by evaporating half the volume or until it is dry sodium hydroxide.
  • Ion exchangers that are used in this process are regenerated from either processed seawater or produced brine water. In the above schematic, if brine water concentration C is >10% salinity then the complex membrane and heat exchanger system is not needed.
  • the complex membrane is not needed and the heat exchanger system can be used to raise its concentration to 10% or if it is cheaper NaCl is added to bring Cup to 10%.
  • the flue gas contains acidic gases such as hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide then these gases can be sparged with seawater under pressure to produce acidic sea water suitable for ion exchange processes.
  • the acidic seawater can be used as a regenerent to eliminate the calcium and magnesium ions while sea water is used to wash the regenerated ion exchange and convert it to the Na+ form.
  • the WHQM process is most convenient for industries that emit brine water (i.e. salinity between 6 to 16%) and lack any waste heat and CO2 sources. However, it can also work on industries that emit a limited amount of CO2 where the combined amounts from an industrial plant and the solid waste plant can be harnessed in CO2 sequestration and caustic soda production.
  • a solid waste process can operate on a large scale where solid waste incineration can be harnessed to generate CO2, brine water, and heat for the WHQM process.
  • the process can also accommodate flue gas emissions that contain acidic gases that can be harnessed in ion exchange regeneration.
  • CO2 and acidic gases i.e. HCl & SO2
  • the former is known to cause global warming while the latter causes acid rain in far away regions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
US13/521,127 2009-12-09 2009-12-09 Using the solid waste-quicklime membrane swqm process for the production of sodium hydroxide Abandoned US20130272934A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2009/007713 WO2011070384A1 (en) 2009-12-09 2009-12-09 Using the solid waste-quicklime membrane swqm process for the production of sodium hydroxide

Publications (1)

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US20130272934A1 true US20130272934A1 (en) 2013-10-17

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Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20130272934A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP2509919A1 (ko)
KR (1) KR20120105504A (ko)
AP (1) AP2012006365A0 (ko)
AU (1) AU2009356416B2 (ko)
RU (1) RU2538843C2 (ko)
WO (1) WO2011070384A1 (ko)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012076915A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Mohammed Olfi Using alkaline fly ash and similar byproducts in an ion-exchange/reverse osmosis process for the production of sodium carbonate

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2729133A1 (fr) * 1995-01-11 1996-07-12 Solvay Procede de coproduction de carbonate de calcium et d'hydroxyde de sodium
AUPN105395A0 (en) * 1995-02-10 1995-03-09 Penrice Pty Ltd Production of alkali metal bicarbonates and carbonates
RU2274604C2 (ru) * 2004-07-19 2006-04-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-технический центр "Химмодуль-XXI" (ООО НТЦ "Химмодуль-XXI") Способ получения гидроксида натрия
CA2700467C (en) * 2007-09-26 2016-01-05 Bioteq Environmental Technologies Inc. Selective sulphate removal by exclusive anion exchange from hard water waste streams
EP2373583A1 (en) * 2008-07-23 2011-10-12 Fze Engsl A combined solid waste, carbon dioxide quicklime sparging, brine water, and reverse osmosis/ion exchange processes for the production of soda chemicals
RU91530U1 (ru) * 2009-09-23 2010-02-20 Закрытое акционерное общество Научно-производственное предприятие "Машпром" (ЗАО НПП "Машпром") Установка для получения каустической соды из электролитической щелочи

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Publication number Publication date
EP2509919A1 (en) 2012-10-17
WO2011070384A1 (en) 2011-06-16
AU2009356416A1 (en) 2012-07-26
KR20120105504A (ko) 2012-09-25
AU2009356416B2 (en) 2014-11-20
RU2538843C2 (ru) 2015-01-10
AP2012006365A0 (en) 2012-08-31
RU2012128544A (ru) 2014-01-20

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