US20130139254A1 - Deceptive indicia notification in a communications interaction - Google Patents
Deceptive indicia notification in a communications interaction Download PDFInfo
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- US20130139254A1 US20130139254A1 US13/373,799 US201113373799A US2013139254A1 US 20130139254 A1 US20130139254 A1 US 20130139254A1 US 201113373799 A US201113373799 A US 201113373799A US 2013139254 A1 US2013139254 A1 US 2013139254A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/50—Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems
- G06F21/55—Detecting local intrusion or implementing counter-measures
- G06F21/554—Detecting local intrusion or implementing counter-measures involving event detection and direct action
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/164—Lie detection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
- H04N21/422—Input-only peripherals, i.e. input devices connected to specially adapted client devices, e.g. global positioning system [GPS]
- H04N21/42201—Input-only peripherals, i.e. input devices connected to specially adapted client devices, e.g. global positioning system [GPS] biosensors, e.g. heat sensor for presence detection, EEG sensors or any limb activity sensors worn by the user
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/439—Processing of audio elementary streams
- H04N21/4394—Processing of audio elementary streams involving operations for analysing the audio stream, e.g. detecting features or characteristics in audio streams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/44008—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving operations for analysing video streams, e.g. detecting features or characteristics in the video stream
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
- H04N21/44213—Monitoring of end-user related data
- H04N21/44218—Detecting physical presence or behaviour of the user, e.g. using sensors to detect if the user is leaving the room or changes his face expression during a TV program
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/47—End-user applications
- H04N21/478—Supplemental services, e.g. displaying phone caller identification, shopping application
- H04N21/4788—Supplemental services, e.g. displaying phone caller identification, shopping application communicating with other users, e.g. chatting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/84—Generation or processing of descriptive data, e.g. content descriptors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
Definitions
- the present application is related to and claims the benefit of the earliest available effective filing date(s) from the following listed application(s) (the “Related Applications”) (e.g., claims earliest available priority dates for other than provisional patent applications or claims benefits under 35 USC ⁇ 119(e) for provisional patent applications, for any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related Application(s)). All subject matter of the Related Applications and of any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related Applications, including any priority claims, is incorporated herein by reference to the extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith.
- Systems, methods, computer-readable storage mediums including computer-readable instructions and/or circuitry for monitoring deceptive indicia in communications content may implement operations including, but not limited to: receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction; detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content; and providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
- related systems include but are not limited to circuitry and/or programming for effecting the herein referenced aspects; the circuitry and/or programming can be virtually any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware configured to effect the herein-referenced method aspects depending upon the design choices of the system designer.
- FIG. 1 shows a high-level block diagram of an operational environment.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary high-level block diagram of an exemplary system.
- FIG. 3 shows an exemplary high-level block diagram of an exemplary system.
- FIG. 4 shows an operational procedure
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 11 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 12 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 13 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 14 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure of FIG. 4 .
- Remote communication systems are ubiquitous in today's society. Individuals who are remote from one another may communicate using a plethora of communications systems such as land line telephones, mobile communication devices (e.g. mobile phones, tablet computers, etc.), networked video conferencing (e.g. Cisco TelePresence), and the like. During such communications interactions (e.g. phone calls, video conferences, etc.), participants may transmit and receive communications content (e.g. voice/audio data, video data, etc.) to various other remote participants.
- communications content e.g. voice/audio data, video data, etc.
- a communications content transmitting system 100 may include a communications content capture device 101 .
- the communications content capture device 101 may include, but is not limited to, a video capture device (e.g. a digital camera, web cam, teleconferencing camera, etc.), an audio capture device (e.g. a microphone, telephone), and the like.
- the communications content 102 captured from a content-generating participant 103 by the communications content capture device 101 may be transmitted to a communications network 104 via a communications module 105 of the communications content transmitting system 100 .
- the communications module 105 may include a network adapter configured to translate the communications content 102 captured by the communications content capture device 101 according to a defined network protocol for the network 104 so as to enable transmission of the communications content 102 over the network 104 .
- the communications module 105 may include a wired network adapter (e.g. an Ethernet adapter), a cellular network adapter, a Wi-Fi network adapter, and the like.
- the communications content 102 may be transmitted across the network 104 to a communication content receiving system 106 .
- the communication content receiving system 106 may include a communications module 107 similar to the communications module 105 of the communications content transmitting system 100 .
- the communications module 107 may include a wired network adapter (e.g. an Ethernet adapter), a cellular network adapter, a Wi-Fi network adapter, and the like.
- the communications module 107 may translate communications content 102 transmitted across the network 104 according to the network protocol back into its native audio and/or video format.
- the communications content 102 may then be provided to a presentation module 108 where the communications content 102 may be displayed to a content-receiving participant 109 via a display device 110 in the case of video communications content 102 or broadcast to the content-receiving participant 109 via an audio speaker 111 in the case of audio communications content 102 so as to enable the content-receiving participant 109 to view and/or hear the communications content 102 generated by the content-generating participant 103 .
- such communications content 102 may be provided in the context of communications between the content-generating participant 103 and the content-receiving participant 109 where the content-generating participant 103 may have a motivation to provide deceptive information to the content-receiving participant 109 .
- the content-generating participant 103 and the content-receiving participant 109 may be communicating regarding a mutual business transaction where a negotiation of terms is occurring.
- the content-generating participant 103 may attempt to present deceptive information (e.g. information which, according to one or more objective standards, is untrue) in an attempt to obtains terms of the business transaction that are more favorable for the side of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the content-generating participant 103 may provide communications content 102 indicating that a maximum purchase price for a transaction is actually less that an authorized purchase price.
- the content-generating participant 103 may have a motivation to provide deceptive communications content 102 or, conversely, where the content-receiving participant 109 may believe that the content-generating participant 103 has such a motivation, various physiological indicia may be monitored to determine the likelihood that such deception is, in fact occurring.
- the communications content transmitting system 100 may include a physiological data capture device 112 .
- the physiological data capture device 112 may be a device configured to capture data associated with one or more physical conditions of the content-generating participant 103 such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing patterns, perspiration levels, and the like.
- the physiological data capture device 112 may include, but is not limited to, a heart rate monitor (e.g. an EKG), a pressure transducer (e.g. a blood pressure monitoring cuff), a thermometer, a skin conductivity sensor, an IR sensor, a high-resolution camera, a microphone, and the like.
- Physiological data obtained by the physiological data capture device 112 may be provided to a deceptive indicia detection module 113 which may analyze the physiological data (e.g. compare the data to one or more threshold levels) to determine if the physiological data represents and indicia of deception.
- a deceptive indicia detection module 113 may analyze the physiological data (e.g. compare the data to one or more threshold levels) to determine if the physiological data represents and indicia of deception.
- the communications content 102 itself, received via the communications content capture device 101 may be provided to the deceptive indicia detection module 113 for analysis of the communications content 102 to determine if the communications content 102 represents and indicia of deception.
- the audio and/or video of the communications content 102 may be analyzed to determine the various physiological characteristics such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing patterns, perspiration levels as well as other parameters such as eye dilation, eye movements, voice stress, language constructs, and the like.
- Exceeding one or more deceptive indicia threshold values may be an indicator that the content-generating participant 103 is presenting one or more physiological indicators, speech patterns and/or physical movements that may be interpreted by a content-receiving participant 109 as being associated with deception in the communications content 102 .
- the physiological data capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera.
- the near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel over a period of time indicating one or more heart beats. Such measurements over time may be used to compute a heart rate.
- the computed heart rate may be compared to a deceptive indicia threshold value maintained in the deceptive indicia threshold database 114 .
- As an elevated heart rate may be an indicator of stress associated with providing deceptive communications content 102
- a computed heart rate in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the physiological data capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera.
- the near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel.
- the size of the blood vessel at any given time may be used to compute a blood pressure.
- a computed blood pressure in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera.
- the high-resolution camera may image the skin surface of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the skin surface and detect the locations of one or more skin surface features, such as perspiration pores.
- the size of the perspiration pores and/or the dimensions of any perspiration droplets emanating from those pores may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc in the skin surface image) and monitored for changes over time.
- a computed perspiration level in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. a threshold pore or droplet dimension) may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera.
- the high-resolution camera may image the facial region of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the facial region and detect the locations of one or more facial features.
- the movements of various facial features e.g. the eyes and, more specifically, pupil dilation
- may be measured e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the facial region image
- monitored for changes over time For example, in the case of a right-handed person, movement of the eyes to the up and left may be indicative of a “constructed” response which may be indicative of deception.
- involuntary facial movements may be associated with certain underlying emotions of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen has mapped various facial movements to underlying emotions.
- FACS Facial Action Coding System
- certain physical movements e.g. pupil dilation, eye movement, micro-expressions, etc.
- a computed facial movement e.g. pupil dilation
- the deceptive indicia threshold value e.g. movement duration, movement distance, movement frequency
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a microphone.
- the microphone may capture an audio signal (e.g. speech content, a voice print, breathing, ambient noise, etc.) of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may then analyze the audio signal and detect one or more characteristics of the audio signal.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may include a speech recognition engine for detecting the speech content of the content-generating participant 103 within the communications content 102 .
- Various language constructs may be associated with the truth or falsity of speech content.
- the use of formal or “distance” language may be indicative of deception in speech content.
- Examples of formal or “distance” language may include but are not limited to, usage of a multi-syllable versions of synonymous words (e.g. “exceptional” vs. “great”), avoidance of contractions (e.g. “cannot” instead of “can't”), impersonal pronoun usage (e.g. “one might think . . . ” instead of “you might think . .
- the speech recognition engine of the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect the speech terms used in the communications content 102 and measure one or more language usage parameters (e.g. the frequency of use of formal language, the proximity of one formal language instance to the next, etc.). A language usage parameter in excess of a deceptive indicia threshold value for the language usage parameter may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may obtain a voice print of speech by the content-generating participant 103 .
- voice-change may occur as a result of stress associated with providing deceptive communications content 102 .
- audible perceptible changes may include speaking rate, volume, voice tremor, spacing between syllables, and fundamental pitch or frequency of the voice.
- inaudible changes may result from unconscious tensing of the vocal cords resulting in a dampening of selected frequency variations. When graphically portrayed, the difference may be readily discernible between unstressed or normal vocalization and vocalization under mild stress, attempts to deceive, or adverse attitudes.
- infrasonic, or subsonic, frequency modulation may be present, in some degree, in both the vocal cord sounds and in the format sounds (e.g. between 8 and 12 Hz).
- the speech recognition engine of the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect the voice print representing communications content 102 and measure one or more audio characteristics (e.g. the audio frequency, pitch, volume, amplitude, etc., or stability thereof of portions of the voice print).
- An audio characteristic in excess of a deceptive indicia threshold value for the audio characteristic may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- a content-generating participant 103 is presenting one or more indicia of deception (e.g. physiological indicators, speech patterns and/or physical movements) that may be interpreted/detected by a content-receiving participant 109 (e.g.
- deceptive indicia detection module 115 associated with the communication content receiving system 106 it may be desirable for the content-generating participant 103 be made aware of such indicia of deception so that the content-generating participant 103 may take remedial steps to mitigate such indicia in a case where the content-generating participant 103 desires to avoid presenting an indication of deception in the communications content 102 , or alternately, introduce indicia of deception into communications content 102 where the content-generating participant 103 desires to present a false indication of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the communications content transmitting system 100 may include a deceptive indicia notification module 116 .
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may receive one or more signals from the deceptive indicia detection module 113 indicating the presence or absence of deceptive indicia in communications content 102 being provided to the content-receiving participant 109 .
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may, in turn provide one or more signals to a presentation module 117 so that an indicator associated with the indicia of deception is presented to the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that a visual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generating participant 103 .
- a deceptive indicia display device 118 may display a video conferencing interface 120 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receiving participant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g.
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may display a visual indicator 119 A that presents a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 , a visual indicator 119 B that presents a cumulative number of occurrences of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 , a color coded visual indicator 119 A (e.g.
- the visual indicator 119 may be a dynamic indicator that changes (e.g. moves from an indicated “high” rate of indicia of deception to an indicated “low” rate of indicia of deception) in real-time according to the type and/or amount of indicia of deception detected within communications content 102 .
- the visual indicator 119 may provide an indication of the level of indicia of deception on a aggregate basis (e.g.
- occurrence metrics for multiple indicia of deception types such as eye movement, formal language, etc. are combined into a single indicator for an “overall” view of the indicia of deception) or on an indicia-by-indicia basis (e.g. each indicia type is represented by a separate visual indicator 119 ).
- certain eye movements may be indicia of deception.
- movement of the eyes to the up and left may be indicative of a “constructed” response which may be indicative of deception.
- movement of the eyes up and to the right may be indicative of a “memory recall” response which may be indicative of truthfulness.
- the above referenced conventions may be reversed for a left-handed person.
- the communications content transmitting system 100 may further include a user input device 121 (e.g. a keyboard, mouse, touch pad, touch screen, etc.) that may receive a user input from the content-generating participant 103 defining a “handedness” of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the visual indicator 119 may be displayed on the deceptive indicia display device 118 according to the “handedness” of the content-generating participant 103 so that the act of looking at the visual indicator 119 by the content-generating participant 103 during a communications interaction is not, itself, an indicia of deception.
- the visual indicator 119 may be displayed on the right-hand side of the deceptive indicia display device 118 .
- the visual indicator 119 may be displayed on the left-hand side of the deceptive indicia display device 118 (not shown).
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may provide one or more audio signals to a deceptive indicia broadcast device 122 (e.g. an audio speaker, headset, earpiece, etc.) that an audio indicator (e.g. a notification sound effect such as a beep, a spoken message, etc.) associated with the indicia of deception is emitted to the content-generating participant 103 .
- a deceptive indicia broadcast device 122 e.g. an audio speaker, headset, earpiece, etc.
- an audio indicator e.g. a notification sound effect such as a beep, a spoken message, etc.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may maintain two or more threshold values associated with a given indicia of deception in deceptive indicia threshold database 114 so as to provide a notification that a detectable incidence of deception has likely already occurred as well as to provide a predictive notification that an indicia of deception may occur in the future.
- the first threshold value may be a predictive threshold value indicating that a number or rate of indicia of deception has occurred which rise to a level which is not likely to be a detectable incidence of deception but may be trending towards such a level.
- the second threshold value may be a detectable threshold value indicating that sufficient number of indicia of deception have been present in communications content 102 that a content-receiving participant 109 may detect it as an incidence of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 and deceptive indicia notification module 116 may perform deceptive indicia detection and notification in a substantially real-time manner during a communication interaction (e.g. a video conference) between the content-generating participant 103 and the content-receiving participant 109 to allow the content-generating participant 103 to monitor the communications content 102 for indicia of deception. Further, upon completion of a communications interaction, it may be advisable for a content-generating participant 103 to review the communications content 102 and any detected indicia of deception for education and/or training purposes. As such, during a communication interaction, the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may record the communications content 102 and apply one or more tags to the recorded communications content 102 according to detected occurrences of indicia of deception.
- a communication interaction e.g. a video conference
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may sample a portion of the communications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception and store an audio/video file containing the sampled portion of the communications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be stored to a deceptive indicia library database 123 .
- the audio/video file containing the sampled portion of the communications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be annotated with information regarding the indicia of deception (e.g. the type of indicia of deception, the degree of deception indicated, etc.) to facilitate review of the detected indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may record the communications content 102 as an audio/video file and apply a graphical element (e.g. a “flag” icon 124 ) to the audio/video file at a time associated with the detection of an incidence of indicia of deception.
- the recorded audio/video file containing the graphical element communications content 102 associated with the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be stored to the deceptive indicia library database 123 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may store a time stamp associated with the detected incidence of the indicia of deception to the deceptive indicia library database 123 .
- a content-generating participant 103 may be independently aware of an occurrence of an indicia of deception contained in the communications content 102 (e.g. the content-generating participant 103 knows they have lied about a maximum authorized purchase price during a negotiation).
- the communications content transmitting system 100 may receive a user input via user input device 121 indicative of an occurrence of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may correlate the occurrence of the user input to detected indicia of deception and apply a tag (e.g. an audio/video sample, an insertion of a graphical element, storing a time stamp, etc.) to the communications content 102 according to the user input.
- a tag e.g. an audio/video sample, an insertion of a graphical element, storing a time stamp, etc.
- a content-generating participant 103 may review the communications content 102 and any detected indicia of deception for education and/or training purposes.
- the portions of the communications content 102 associated with the tagged indicia of deception may be replayed to the content-generating participant 103 .
- one or more tagged portions of the communications content 102 may be retrieved from the deceptive indicia library database 123 and displayed/broadcasted by the presentation module 117 via a review interface 125 .
- the review interface 125 may include video playback functionality configured to present the communications content 102 according to the tags.
- the review interface 125 may allow for the content-generating participant 103 to skip to portions of the communications content 102 associated with the tags.
- the review interface 125 may provide a “skip to next” user interface element whereby a user input associated with the “skip to next” user interface element causes the review interface 125 to display/broadcast the next instance of the communications content 102 having a tag associated with a detection of indicia of deception.
- one or more remedial measures may be taken to modify the communications content 102 to reduce or remove or, alternately, add or enhance the indicia of deception from the communications content 102 prior to providing the communications content 102 to the content-receiving participant 109 .
- the communications content 102 may be provided to a deceptive indicia masking module 126 .
- the deceptive indicia masking module 126 may modify the communications content 102 to reduce or remove the detected indicia of deception within the communications content 102 to produce modified communications content 102 ′. Alternately, the deceptive indicia masking module 126 may modify the communications content 102 to add or enhance indicia of deception within the communications content 102 to produce modified communications content 102 ′. This modified communications content 102 ′ may be provided to the content-receiving participant 109 in place of communications content 102 .
- the communication content receiving system 106 may include a deceptive indicia detection module 115 , a deceptive indicia notification module 127 , a presentation module 108 and a deceptive indicia library database 128 employing functionality similar to the deceptive indicia detection module 113 , deceptive indicia notification module 116 , presentation module 117 and deceptive indicia library database 123 described above to detect and notify the content-receiving participant 109 of the presence of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 as well as generate an indicia of deception profile for the content-generating participant 103 to be stored in deceptive indicia library database 123 .
- the communication content receiving system 106 may further include a deceptive indicia masking detection module 129 .
- the deceptive indicia masking detection module 129 may receive modified communications content 102 ′ and detect whether or not deceptive indicia masking has been applied to the original communications content 102 .
- the deceptive indicia masking detection module 129 may remove the instances of the deceptive indicia masking from the modified communications content 102 ′ to restore the original communications content 102 and provide the original communications content 102 to the content-receiving participant 109 via the presentation module 108 .
- multiple content-receiving participants 109 may employ multiple communication content receiving systems 106 to receive communications content 102 from a common content-generating participant 103 .
- the content-receiving participants 109 may aggregate their respective indicia of deception data in a deceptive indicia repository 130 that is commonly accessible by the content-receiving participants 109 .
- each communication content receiving system 106 may upload indicia of deception data associated with one or more communication interactions with the content-generating participant 103 to the deceptive indicia repository 130 .
- each communication content receiving system 106 may download aggregated indicia of deception data associated with multiple communication interactions with the content-generating participant 103 to and provide that aggregated indicia of deception data to a content-receiving participant 109 via the presentation module 108 for review by the content-receiving participant 109 .
- FIG. 4 and the following figures include various examples of operational flows, discussions and explanations may be provided with respect to the above-described exemplary environment of FIGS. 1-3 .
- the operational flows may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or in modified versions of FIGS. 1-3 .
- the various operational flows are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in different sequential orders other than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an operational procedure 400 for practicing aspects of the present disclosure including operations 402 , 404 and 406 .
- Operation 402 illustrates receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction.
- a communications content transmitting system 100 may include a communications content capture device 101 .
- the communications content capture device 101 may include, but is not limited to, a video capture device (e.g. a digital camera, web cam, teleconferencing camera, etc.), an audio capture device (e.g. a microphone, telephone), and the like.
- the communications content transmitting system 100 may include a physiological data capture device 102 .
- the physiological data capture device 112 may be a device configured to capture data associated with one or more physical conditions of the content-generating participant 103 such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing patterns, perspiration levels, and the like.
- the physiological data capture device 112 may include, but is not limited to, a heart rate monitor, a pressure transducer, a skin conductivity sensor, an IR sensor, a high-resolution camera, a microphone, and the like.
- Physiological data obtained by the physiological data capture device 112 may be provided to a deceptive indicia detection module 113 which may analyze the physiological data (e.g. compare the data to one or more threshold levels) to determine if the physiological data represents and indicia of deception.
- the communications content 102 itself, received via the communications content capture device 101 may be provided to the deceptive indicia detection module 113 for analysis of the communications content 102 to determine if the communications content 102 represents and indicia of deception.
- the audio and/or video of the communications content 102 may be analyzed to determine the various physiological characteristics such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing patterns, perspiration levels as well as other parameters such as eye dilation, eye movements, voice stress, language constructs, and the like.
- Operation 404 illustrates detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 , upon receipt of either physiological data from a physiological data capture device 112 or the communications content 102 received from the communications content capture device 101 , such data may be analyzed for correspondence with one or more defined deceptive indicia threshold values maintained in a deceptive indicia threshold database 114 . Exceeding one or more deceptive indicia threshold values may be an indicator that the content-generating participant 103 is presenting one or more physiological indicators, speech patterns and/or physical movements that may be interpreted by a content-receiving participant 109 as being associated with deception in the communications content 102 .
- Operation 406 illustrates providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
- the content-generating participant 103 may be made aware of such indicia of deception so that the content-generating participant 103 may take remedial steps to mitigate-such indicia in a case where the content-generating participant 103 desires to avoid presenting an indication of deception in the communications content 102 , or alternately, introduce indicia of deception into communications content 102 where the content-generating participant 103 desires to present a false indication of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the communications content transmitting system 100 may include a deceptive indicia notification module 116 .
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may receive one or more signals from the deceptive indicia detection module 113 indicating the presence or absence of deceptive indicia in communications content 102 being provided to the content-receiving participant 109 .
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may, in turn provide one or more signals to a presentation module 117 so that an indicator associated with the indicia of deception is presented to the content-generating participant 103 .
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example embodiment where the operation 402 of example operational flow 400 of FIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 502 , 504 , 506 and/or 508 .
- Operation 502 illustrates receiving one or more image signals.
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera.
- the high-resolution camera may image the skin surface of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the skin surface and detect the locations of one or more skin surface features, such as perspiration pores.
- the size of the perspiration pores and/or the dimensions of any perspiration droplets emanating from those pores may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc in the skin surface image) and monitored for changes over time.
- a computed perspiration level in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. a threshold pore or droplet dimension) may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera.
- the high-resolution camera may image the facial region of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the facial region and detect the locations of one or more facial features.
- the movements of various facial features e.g. the eyes and, more specifically, pupil dilation
- may be measured e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the facial region image
- monitored for changes over time For example, in the case of a right-handed person, movement of the eyes to the up and left may be indicative of a “constructed” response which may be indicative of deception.
- involuntary facial movements may be associated with certain underlying emotions of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen has mapped various facial movements to underlying emotions.
- FACS Facial Action Coding System
- certain physical movements e.g. pupil dilation, eye movement, micro-expressions, etc.
- a computed facial movement e.g. pupil dilation
- the deceptive indicia threshold value e.g. movement duration, movement distance, movement frequency
- Operation 504 illustrates receiving one or more infrared image signals.
- the physiological data capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera.
- the near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel over a period of time indicating one or more heart beats. Such measurements over time may be used to compute a heart rate.
- the computed heart rate may be compared to a deceptive indicia threshold value maintained in the deceptive indicia threshold database 114 .
- a computed heart rate in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the physiological data capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera.
- the near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel.
- the size of the blood vessel at any given time may be used to compute a blood pressure.
- a computed blood pressure in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- Operation 506 illustrates receiving one or more audio signals.
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a microphone.
- the microphone may capture an audio signal (e.g. speech content, a voice print, breathing, ambient noise, etc.) of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may then analyze the audio signal and detect one or more characteristics of the audio signal.
- Operation 508 illustrates receiving one or more physiological sensor signals.
- the communications content transmitting system 100 may include a physiological data capture device 112 .
- the physiological data capture device 112 may be a device configured to capture data associated with one or more physical conditions of the content-generating participant 103 such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing patterns, perspiration levels, and the like.
- the physiological data capture device 112 may include, but is not limited to, a heart rate monitor (e.g. an EKG), a pressure transducer (e.g. a blood pressure monitoring cuff), a thermometer, a skin conductivity sensor, an IR sensor, a high-resolution camera, a microphone, and the like.
- Physiological data obtained by the physiological data capture device 112 may be provided to the deceptive indicia detection module 113 which may analyze the physiological data (e.g. compare the data to one or more threshold levels) to determine if the physiological data represents and indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive physiological sensor data and acquire measurements representing the various changes in the physiology of the content-generating participant 103 .
- various physiological conditions e.g. elevated heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, etc.
- a physiological condition in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates an example embodiment where the operation 404 of example operational flow 400 of FIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 602 , 604 and/or 606 .
- Operation 602 illustrates detecting one or more micro expressions of the participant providing the communication content.
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera.
- the high-resolution camera may image the facial region of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the facial region and detect the locations of one or more facial features.
- the movements of various facial features e.g. the eyes and, more specifically, pupil dilation
- may be measured e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the facial region image
- Certain brief, involuntary facial movements e.g.
- micro-expressions may be associated with certain underlying emotions of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen has mapped various facial movements to underlying emotions.
- FACS Facial Action Coding System
- certain physical movements e.g. pupil dilation, eye movement, micro-expressions, etc.
- a computed facial movement e.g. pupil dilation
- the deceptive indicia threshold value e.g. movement duration, movement distance, movement frequency
- Operation 604 illustrates detecting an eye dilation of the participant providing the communication content.
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera.
- the high-resolution camera may image the facial region of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the facial region and detect the locations of one or more facial features.
- the movements of various facial features e.g. the eyes and, more specifically, pupil dilation
- may be measured e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the facial region image) and monitored for changes over time.
- Operation 606 illustrates detecting an eye movement of the participant providing the communication content.
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera.
- the high-resolution camera may image the facial region of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the facial region and detect the locations of one or more facial features.
- the movements of various facial features e.g. the eyes and, more specifically, pupil dilation
- may be measured e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the facial region image
- movement of the eyes to the up and left may be indicative of a “constructed” response which may be indicative of deception.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an example embodiment where the operation 404 of example operational flow 400 of FIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 702 , 704 , 706 and/or operation 708 .
- Operation 702 illustrates detecting a heart rate of the participant providing the communication content.
- the physiological data capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera.
- the near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel over a period of time indicating one or more heart beats. Such measurements over time may be used to compute a heart rate.
- the computed heart rate may be compared to a deceptive indicia threshold value maintained in the deceptive indicia threshold database 114 .
- a computed heart rate in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- Operation 704 illustrates detecting a blood pressure of the participant providing the communication content.
- the physiological data capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera.
- the near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel.
- the size of the blood vessel at any given time may be used to compute a blood pressure.
- a computed blood pressure in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- Operation 706 illustrates detecting a perspiration level of the participant providing the communication content.
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera.
- the high-resolution camera may image the skin surface of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the skin surface and detect the locations of one or more skin surface features, such as perspiration pores.
- the size of the perspiration pores and/or the dimensions of any perspiration droplets emanating from those pores may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc in the skin surface image) and monitored for changes over time.
- a computed perspiration level in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. a threshold pore or droplet dimension) may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- Operation 708 illustrates detecting a skin conductivity level of the participant providing the communication content.
- the physiological data capture device 112 may include a skin conductivity sensor (e.g. a galvanic skin response (GSR), electrodermal response (EDR), psychogalvanic reflex (PGR), skin conductance response (SCR) or skin conductance level (SCL) sensor).
- the skin conductivity sensor may measure the conductivity of the skin of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the conductivity of the skin.
- a computed perspiration level in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. a threshold skin conductivity) may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- Operation 710 illustrates detecting a breathing rate of the participant providing the communication content.
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera.
- the high-resolution camera may image the skin surface of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the content-generating participant 103 and detect the locations of one or more bodily features.
- the relative positions of such bodily features may be measured (e.g. pixel counts in the skin surface image) and monitored for changes over time. For example, movement of various bodily features (e.g. the expansion and contraction of the chest cavity, movement of the shoulders, etc.) may be indicative of respiration.
- a computed breathing rate in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. a breathing rate) may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- FIG. 8 illustrates an example embodiment where the operation 404 of example operational flow 400 of FIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 802 and/or operation 804 .
- Operation 802 illustrates detecting voice stress of the participant providing the communication content.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may obtain a voice print of speech by the content-generating participant 103 .
- voice-change may occur as a result of stress associated with providing deceptive communications content 102 .
- audible perceptible changes may include speaking rate, volume, voice tremor, spacing between syllables, and fundamental pitch or frequency of the voice.
- inaudible changes may result from unconscious tensing of the vocal cords resulting in a dampening of selected frequency variations.
- the difference may be readily discernible between unstressed or normal vocalization and vocalization under mild stress, attempts to deceive, or adverse attitudes. Still further, infrasonic, or subsonic, frequency modulation may be present, in some degree, in both the vocal cord sounds and in the format sounds (e.g. between 8 and 12 Hz).
- the speech recognition engine of the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect the voice print representing communications content 102 and measure one or more audio characteristics (e.g. the audio frequency, pitch, volume, amplitude, etc., or stability thereof of portions of the voice print). An audio characteristic in excess of a deceptive indicia threshold value for the audio characteristic may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- Operation 804 illustrates detecting characteristic language within the communication content.
- the communications content capture device 101 and/or the physiological data capture device 112 may include a microphone.
- the microphone may capture speech content of the content-generating participant 103 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may then analyze the audio signal and detect one or more characteristics of the audio signal.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may include a speech recognition engine for detecting the speech content of the content-generating participant 103 within the communications content 102 .
- Various language constructs may be associated with the truth or falsity of speech content. For example, the use of formal or “distance” language may be indicative of deception in speech content.
- Examples of formal or “distance” language may include but are not limited to, usage of a multi-syllable versions of synonymous words (e.g. “exceptional” vs. “great”), avoidance of contractions (e.g. “cannot” instead of “can't”), impersonal pronoun usage (e.g. “one might think . . . ” instead of “you might think . . . ”), avoidance of commencing a sentence with a conjunction (e.g. “I thought . . . ” instead of “But I thought . . . ”), lack of antecedent basis for an article (“A man approached me and pointed a gun at me.
- synonymous words e.g. “exceptional” vs. “great”
- avoidance of contractions e.g. “cannot” instead of “can't”
- impersonal pronoun usage e.g. “one might think . . . ” instead of “you might think . . .
- the speech recognition engine of the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect the speech terms used in the communications content 102 and measure one or more language usage parameters (e.g. the frequency of use of formal language, the proximity of one formal language instance to the next, etc.). A language usage parameter in excess of a deceptive indicia threshold value for the language usage parameter may be detected as indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example embodiment where the operation 406 of example operational flow 400 of FIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 902 , 904 and/or operation 906 .
- Operation 902 illustrates displaying a visual indicator associated with the indicia of deception within a field of view to the participant providing the communication content.
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that a visual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generating participant 103 .
- a deceptive indicia display device 118 e.g. an LCD display
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may display a video conferencing interface 120 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receiving participant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generating participant 103 and content-receiving participant 109 ).
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may further display the visual indicator 119 (e.g. a color coded indicator) that presents a cumulative number of occurrences of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 , a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 , and the like.
- the visual indicator 119 may be a dynamic indicator that changes (e.g. moves from an indicated “high” rate of indicia of deception to an indicated “low” rate of indicia of deception) in real-time according to the type and/or amount of indicia of deception detected within communications content 102 .
- Operation 904 illustrates displaying a visual indicator indicative of a number of occurrences of indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that a visual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generating participant 103 .
- a deceptive indicia display device 118 e.g. an LCD display
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may display a video conferencing interface 120 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receiving participant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generating participant 103 and content-receiving participant 109 ).
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may a visual indicator 1198 that presents a cumulative number of occurrences of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- Operation 906 illustrates displaying a visual indicator indicative of a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that a visual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generating participant 103 .
- a deceptive indicia display device 118 e.g. an LCD display
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may display a video conferencing interface 120 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receiving participant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generating participant 103 and content-receiving participant 109 ).
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may display a visual indicator 119 A that presents a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the visual indicator 119 may be a dynamic indicator that changes (e.g. moves from an indicated “high” rate of indicia of deception to an indicated “low” rate of indicia of deception) in real-time according to the type and/or amount of indicia of deception detected within communications content 102 .
- FIG. 10 illustrates an example embodiment where the operation 406 of example operational flow 400 of FIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1002 , 1004 and/or operation 1006 .
- Operation 1002 illustrates displaying a color coded visual indicator indicative of one or more indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that a visual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generating participant 103 .
- a deceptive indicia display device 118 e.g. an LCD display
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may display a video conferencing interface 120 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receiving participant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generating participant 103 and content-receiving participant 109 ).
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may display a color coded visual indicator 119 A (e.g. “green” level indicating a low rate of occurrences of indicia of deception, a “yellow” level indicating a moderate rate of occurrences of indicia of deception, to a “red” level indicating a high rate of occurrences of indicia of deception).
- the visual indicator 119 A may be a dynamic indicator that changes (e.g. moves from an indicated “high” rate of indicia of deception to an indicated “low” rate of indicia of deception) in real-time according to the type and/or amount of indicia of deception detected within communications content 102 .
- each indicia of deception type may be represented by a separate visual indicator 119 having a designated color.
- eye movement indicia of deception may be represented by a blue visual indicator 119 while formal language indicia of deception may be represented by a green visual indicator 119 .
- Operation 1004 illustrates displaying a visual indicator indicative of one or more indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content within a specified half of a display device within the field of view of the participant providing the communication content.
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that a visual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generating participant 103 .
- a deceptive indicia display device 118 e.g. an LCD display
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may display a video conferencing interface 103 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receiving participant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generating participant 103 and content-receiving participant 109 ).
- the deceptive indicia display device 118 may display a visual indicator 119 that presents a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 , a cumulative number of occurrences of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 , and the like. Further, it will be noted that certain eye movements may be indicia of deception.
- the communications content transmitting system 100 may further include a user input device 121 (e.g. a keyboard, mouse, touch pad, touch screen, etc.) that may receive a user input from the content-generating participant 103 specifying a “handedness” of the content-generating participant 103 .
- a user input device 121 e.g. a keyboard, mouse, touch pad, touch screen, etc.
- the visual indicator 119 may be displayed on the deceptive indicia display device 118 according to the specified “handedness” of the content-generating participant 103 so that the act of looking at the visual indicator 119 by the content-generating participant 103 during a communications interaction is not, itself, an indicia of deception. Specifically, for a right-handed content-generating participant 103 , the visual indicator 119 may be displayed on the right-hand half of the deceptive indicia display device 118 . For a left-handed content-generating participant 103 , the visual indicator 119 may be displayed on the left-hand half of the deceptive indicia display device 118 (not shown).
- Operation 1006 illustrates emitting an audible notification associated with the indicia of deception to the participant providing the communication content.
- the deceptive indicia notification module 116 may provide one or more audio signals to a deceptive indicia broadcast device 122 (e.g. an audio speaker, headset, earpiece, etc.) that an audio indicator (e.g. a notification sound effect such as a beep, a spoken message, etc.) associated with the indicia of deception is emitted to the content-generating participant 103 .
- a deceptive indicia broadcast device 122 e.g. an audio speaker, headset, earpiece, etc.
- an audio indicator e.g. a notification sound effect such as a beep, a spoken message, etc.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an example embodiment where the operation 406 of example operational flow 400 of FIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1102 and/or operation 1104 .
- Operation 1102 illustrates providing a predictive notification of one or more potential indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 provide a predictive notification to the content-generating participant 103 that the level of indicia of deception present in the communications content 102 is approaching levels that may become detectable if such levels are not reduced.
- Operation 1104 illustrates providing a notification associated with a comparison of the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to at least a first threshold value and a second threshold value to the participant providing the communication content.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may maintain two or more threshold values associated with a given indicia of deception (e.g. eye movement, characteristic language, etc.) in deceptive indicia threshold database 114 so as to provide a notification that a detectable incidence of deception has likely already occurred as well as to provide a predictive notification that an indicia of deception may occur in the future.
- a given indicia of deception e.g. eye movement, characteristic language, etc.
- the first threshold value may be a predictive threshold value indicating that a number or rate of indicia of deception has occurred which rise to a level which is not likely to be a detectable incidence of deception but may be trending towards such a level.
- the second threshold value may be a detectable threshold value indicating that sufficient number of indicia of deception have been present in communications content 102 that a content-receiving participant 109 may detect it as an incidence of deception.
- FIG. 12 illustrates an example embodiment where the operation 406 of example operational flow 400 of FIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1202 and/or operation 1204 .
- Operation 1202 illustrates providing a notification associated with the indicia of deception to the participant providing the communication content during a communication interaction.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 and deceptive indicia notification module 116 may perform deceptive indicia detection and notification (as described above) in a substantially real-time manner during a communication interaction (e.g. a video conference) between the content-generating participant 103 and the content-receiving participant 109 to allow the content-generating participant 103 to monitor the communications content 102 for indicia of deception and adapt their communication styles account for such indicia of deception during the communication interaction.
- a communication interaction e.g. a video conference
- Operation 1204 illustrates providing a notification associated with the indicia of deception to the participant providing the communication content following a communication interaction. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 , upon completion of a communications interaction, it may be advisable for a content-generating participant 103 to review the communications content 102 and any detected indicia of deception for education and/or training purposes.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may store a record associated with the detected indicia of deception to a deceptive indicia library database 123 .
- one or more portions of the communications content 102 may be retrieved from the deceptive indicia library database 123 and displayed/broadcasted by the presentation module 117 via a review interface 125 .
- the review interlace 125 may include video playback functionality configured to present the communications content 102 according to the records associated with the detected indicia of deception.
- the review interface 125 may allow for the content-generating participant 103 to skip to portions of the communications content 102 associated with the records associated with the detected indicia of deception.
- the review interface 125 may provide a “skip to next” user interface element whereby a user input associated with the “skip to next” user interface element causes the review interface 125 to display/broadcast the next instance of the communications content 102 having a record associated with a detection of indicia of deception.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example embodiment where the example operational flow 400 of FIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1302 .
- Operation 1302 illustrates tagging the communication content according to one or more indicia of deception.
- a content-generating participant 103 may review the communications content 102 and any detected indicia of deception for education and/or training purposes.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may record the communications content 102 and apply one or more tags to the recorded communications content 102 according to detected occurrences of indicia of deception.
- FIG. 14 illustrates an example embodiment where the operation 1302 of the example operational flow 400 of FIG. 13 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include an operation 1402 , 1404 , 1406 and/or 1408 .
- Operation 1402 illustrates sampling at least a portion of the communication content including at least one indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may sample a portion of the communications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception and store an audio/video file containing the sampled portion of the communications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be stored to a deceptive indicia library database 104 .
- the audio/video file containing the sampled portion of the communications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be annotated with information regarding the indicia of deception (e.g. the type of indicia of deception, the degree of deception indicated, etc.) to facilitate review of the detected indicia of deception.
- information regarding the indicia of deception e.g. the type of indicia of deception, the degree of deception indicated, etc.
- Operation 1404 illustrates inserting a graphical element associated with associated with one or more indicia of deception into a video data file associated with the communication content.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may record the communications content 102 as an audio/video file and apply a graphical element (e.g. a “flag” icon 105 ) to the audio/video file at a time associated with the detection of an incidence of indicia of deception.
- the recorded audio/video file containing the graphical element communications content 102 associated with the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be stored to the deceptive indicia library database 123 .
- Operation 1406 illustrates storing one or more time stamps associated with one or more indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception.
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may store a time stamp associated with the detected incidence of the indicia of deception to the deceptive indicia library database 123 .
- Operation 1406 illustrates tagging the communication content according to one or more indicia of deception in response to a user input.
- a content-generating participant 103 may be independently aware of an occurrence of an indicia of deception contained in the communications content 102 (e.g. the content-generating participant 103 knows they have lied about a maximum authorized purchase price during a negotiation).
- the communications content transmitting system 100 may receive a user input (e.g. a keystroke) via user input device 121 indicative of an occurrence of indicia of deception in the communications content 102 .
- the deceptive indicia detection module 113 may correlate the occurrence of the user input to detected indicia of deception and apply a tag (e.g. an audio/video sample, an insertion of a graphical element, storing a time stamp, etc.) to the communications content 102 according to the user input.
- a tag e.g. an audio/video sample, an insertion of a graphical element, storing a time stamp, etc.
- an implementer may opt for a mainly hardware and/or firmware vehicle; alternatively, if flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly software implementation; or, yet again alternatively, the implementer may opt for some combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware.
- any vehicle to be utilized is a choice dependent upon the context in which the vehicle will be deployed and the specific concerns (e.g., speed, flexibility, or predictability) of the implementer, any of which may vary.
- Those skilled in the art will recognize that optical aspects of implementations will typically employ optically-oriented hardware, software, and or firmware.
- a signal bearing medium examples include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable type medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape, a computer memory, etc.; and a transmission type medium such as a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.).
- electrical circuitry includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment).
- a computer program e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein
- electrical circuitry forming a memory device
- a typical data processing system generally includes one or more of a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, computational entities such as operating systems, drivers, graphical user interfaces, and applications programs, one or more interaction devices, such as a touch pad or screen, and/or control systems including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and/or velocity; control motors for moving and/or adjusting components and/or quantities).
- a typical data processing system may be implemented utilizing any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing/communication and/or network computing/communication systems.
- any two components so associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected”, or “operably coupled”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality.
- operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.
Abstract
Systems, methods, computer-readable storage mediums including computer-readable instructions and/or circuitry for monitoring deceptive indicia in communications content may implement operations including, but not limited to: receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction; detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content; and providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
Description
- For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of the United States patent application filed under U.S. Postal Service Express Mail Number EM482999595, naming Clarence T. Tegreene, as inventor, filed Nov. 30, 2011, which is currently co-pending or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.
- The United States Patent Office (USPTO) has published a notice to the effect that the USPTO's computer programs require that patent applicants reference both a serial number and indicate whether an application is a continuation, continuation-in-part, or divisional of a parent application. Stephen G. Kunin, Benefit of Prior-Filed application, USPTO Official Gazette Mar. 18, 2003. The present Applicant Entity (hereinafter “Applicant”) has provided above a specific reference to the application(s) from which priority is being claimed as recited by statute. Applicant understands that the statute is unambiguous in its specific reference language and does not require either a serial number or any characterization, such as “continuation” or “continuation-in-part,” for claiming priority to U.S. patent applications. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Applicant understands that the USPTO's computer programs have certain data entry requirements, and hence Applicant has provided designation(s) of a relationship between the present application and its parent application(s) as set forth above, but expressly points out that such designation(s) are not to be construed in any way as any type of commentary and/or admission as to whether or not the present application contains any new matter in addition to the matter of its parent application(s).
- The present application is related to and claims the benefit of the earliest available effective filing date(s) from the following listed application(s) (the “Related Applications”) (e.g., claims earliest available priority dates for other than provisional patent applications or claims benefits under 35 USC §119(e) for provisional patent applications, for any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related Application(s)). All subject matter of the Related Applications and of any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related Applications, including any priority claims, is incorporated herein by reference to the extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith.
- Systems, methods, computer-readable storage mediums including computer-readable instructions and/or circuitry for monitoring deceptive indicia in communications content may implement operations including, but not limited to: receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction; detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content; and providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
- In one or more various aspects, related systems include but are not limited to circuitry and/or programming for effecting the herein referenced aspects; the circuitry and/or programming can be virtually any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware configured to effect the herein-referenced method aspects depending upon the design choices of the system designer.
- The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.
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FIG. 1 shows a high-level block diagram of an operational environment. -
FIG. 2 shows an exemplary high-level block diagram of an exemplary system. -
FIG. 3 shows an exemplary high-level block diagram of an exemplary system. -
FIG. 4 shows an operational procedure. -
FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 11 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 12 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 13 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 14 shows an alternative embodiment of the operational procedure ofFIG. 4 . - In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented here.
- Remote communication systems are ubiquitous in today's society. Individuals who are remote from one another may communicate using a plethora of communications systems such as land line telephones, mobile communication devices (e.g. mobile phones, tablet computers, etc.), networked video conferencing (e.g. Cisco TelePresence), and the like. During such communications interactions (e.g. phone calls, video conferences, etc.), participants may transmit and receive communications content (e.g. voice/audio data, video data, etc.) to various other remote participants.
- For example, as shown in
FIG. 1 , a communications content transmittingsystem 100 may include a communicationscontent capture device 101. The communicationscontent capture device 101 may include, but is not limited to, a video capture device (e.g. a digital camera, web cam, teleconferencing camera, etc.), an audio capture device (e.g. a microphone, telephone), and the like. Thecommunications content 102 captured from a content-generatingparticipant 103 by the communicationscontent capture device 101 may be transmitted to acommunications network 104 via acommunications module 105 of the communications content transmittingsystem 100. Thecommunications module 105 may include a network adapter configured to translate thecommunications content 102 captured by the communicationscontent capture device 101 according to a defined network protocol for thenetwork 104 so as to enable transmission of thecommunications content 102 over thenetwork 104. For example, thecommunications module 105 may include a wired network adapter (e.g. an Ethernet adapter), a cellular network adapter, a Wi-Fi network adapter, and the like. - As further shown in
FIG. 1 , thecommunications content 102 may be transmitted across thenetwork 104 to a communicationcontent receiving system 106. The communicationcontent receiving system 106 may include acommunications module 107 similar to thecommunications module 105 of the communications content transmittingsystem 100. For example, thecommunications module 107 may include a wired network adapter (e.g. an Ethernet adapter), a cellular network adapter, a Wi-Fi network adapter, and the like. Thecommunications module 107 may translatecommunications content 102 transmitted across thenetwork 104 according to the network protocol back into its native audio and/or video format. Thecommunications content 102 may then be provided to apresentation module 108 where thecommunications content 102 may be displayed to a content-receivingparticipant 109 via adisplay device 110 in the case ofvideo communications content 102 or broadcast to the content-receivingparticipant 109 via anaudio speaker 111 in the case ofaudio communications content 102 so as to enable the content-receivingparticipant 109 to view and/or hear thecommunications content 102 generated by the content-generatingparticipant 103. - It may be the case that
such communications content 102 may be provided in the context of communications between the content-generatingparticipant 103 and the content-receivingparticipant 109 where the content-generatingparticipant 103 may have a motivation to provide deceptive information to the content-receivingparticipant 109. For example, the content-generatingparticipant 103 and the content-receivingparticipant 109 may be communicating regarding a mutual business transaction where a negotiation of terms is occurring. As such, it may be the case that the content-generatingparticipant 103 may attempt to present deceptive information (e.g. information which, according to one or more objective standards, is untrue) in an attempt to obtains terms of the business transaction that are more favorable for the side of the content-generatingparticipant 103. As a specific example, the content-generatingparticipant 103 may providecommunications content 102 indicating that a maximum purchase price for a transaction is actually less that an authorized purchase price. - In such scenarios where the content-generating
participant 103 may have a motivation to providedeceptive communications content 102 or, conversely, where the content-receivingparticipant 109 may believe that the content-generatingparticipant 103 has such a motivation, various physiological indicia may be monitored to determine the likelihood that such deception is, in fact occurring. - For example, as shown in
FIG. 1 , the communications content transmittingsystem 100 may include a physiologicaldata capture device 112. The physiologicaldata capture device 112 may be a device configured to capture data associated with one or more physical conditions of the content-generatingparticipant 103 such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing patterns, perspiration levels, and the like. The physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include, but is not limited to, a heart rate monitor (e.g. an EKG), a pressure transducer (e.g. a blood pressure monitoring cuff), a thermometer, a skin conductivity sensor, an IR sensor, a high-resolution camera, a microphone, and the like. Physiological data obtained by the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may be provided to a deceptiveindicia detection module 113 which may analyze the physiological data (e.g. compare the data to one or more threshold levels) to determine if the physiological data represents and indicia of deception. - Additionally, the
communications content 102, itself, received via the communicationscontent capture device 101 may be provided to the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 for analysis of thecommunications content 102 to determine if thecommunications content 102 represents and indicia of deception. For example, the audio and/or video of thecommunications content 102 may be analyzed to determine the various physiological characteristics such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing patterns, perspiration levels as well as other parameters such as eye dilation, eye movements, voice stress, language constructs, and the like. - Upon receipt of either physiological data from a physiological
data capture device 112 or thecommunications content 102 received from the communicationscontent capture device 101, such data may be analyzed for correspondence with one or more defined deceptive indicia threshold values maintained in a deceptiveindicia threshold database 114. Exceeding one or more deceptive indicia threshold values may be an indicator that the content-generatingparticipant 103 is presenting one or more physiological indicators, speech patterns and/or physical movements that may be interpreted by a content-receivingparticipant 109 as being associated with deception in thecommunications content 102. - In an exemplary embodiment, the physiological
data capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera. The near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel over a period of time indicating one or more heart beats. Such measurements over time may be used to compute a heart rate. The computed heart rate may be compared to a deceptive indicia threshold value maintained in the deceptiveindicia threshold database 114. As an elevated heart rate may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed heart rate in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - In another exemplary embodiment, the physiological
data capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera. The near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel. The size of the blood vessel at any given time may be used to compute a blood pressure. As an elevated blood pressure may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed blood pressure in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - In another exemplary embodiment, the communications
content capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera. The high-resolution camera may image the skin surface of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the skin surface and detect the locations of one or more skin surface features, such as perspiration pores. The size of the perspiration pores and/or the dimensions of any perspiration droplets emanating from those pores may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc in the skin surface image) and monitored for changes over time. As an elevated level of perspiration may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed perspiration level in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. a threshold pore or droplet dimension) may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - In another exemplary embodiment, the communications
content capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera. The high-resolution camera may image the facial region of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the facial region and detect the locations of one or more facial features. The movements of various facial features (e.g. the eyes and, more specifically, pupil dilation) may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the facial region image) and monitored for changes over time. For example, in the case of a right-handed person, movement of the eyes to the up and left may be indicative of a “constructed” response which may be indicative of deception. - Further, certain brief, involuntary facial movements (e.g. “micro-expressions”) may be associated with certain underlying emotions of the content-generating
participant 103. For example, the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen has mapped various facial movements to underlying emotions. As certain physical movements (e.g. pupil dilation, eye movement, micro-expressions, etc.) may be an indicator ofdeceptive communications content 102, a computed facial movement (e.g. pupil dilation) in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. movement duration, movement distance, movement frequency) may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - In another exemplary embodiment, the communications
content capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a microphone. The microphone may capture an audio signal (e.g. speech content, a voice print, breathing, ambient noise, etc.) of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may then analyze the audio signal and detect one or more characteristics of the audio signal. - For example, the deceptive
indicia detection module 113 may include a speech recognition engine for detecting the speech content of the content-generatingparticipant 103 within thecommunications content 102. Various language constructs may be associated with the truth or falsity of speech content. For example, the use of formal or “distance” language may be indicative of deception in speech content. Examples of formal or “distance” language may include but are not limited to, usage of a multi-syllable versions of synonymous words (e.g. “exceptional” vs. “great”), avoidance of contractions (e.g. “cannot” instead of “can't”), impersonal pronoun usage (e.g. “one might think . . . ” instead of “you might think . . . ”), avoidance of commencing a sentence with a conjunction (e.g. “But I thought . . . ”), lack of antecedent basis for an article (“A man approached me and pointed a gun at me. He stuck the gun in my ribs and forced me into the car” where no prior reference to “a car” had been made), and the like. The speech recognition engine of the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may detect the speech terms used in thecommunications content 102 and measure one or more language usage parameters (e.g. the frequency of use of formal language, the proximity of one formal language instance to the next, etc.). A language usage parameter in excess of a deceptive indicia threshold value for the language usage parameter may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - In a further example, the deceptive
indicia detection module 113 may obtain a voice print of speech by the content-generatingparticipant 103. Various types of voice-change may occur as a result of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102. For example, audible perceptible changes may include speaking rate, volume, voice tremor, spacing between syllables, and fundamental pitch or frequency of the voice. Further, inaudible changes may result from unconscious tensing of the vocal cords resulting in a dampening of selected frequency variations. When graphically portrayed, the difference may be readily discernible between unstressed or normal vocalization and vocalization under mild stress, attempts to deceive, or adverse attitudes. Still further, infrasonic, or subsonic, frequency modulation may be present, in some degree, in both the vocal cord sounds and in the format sounds (e.g. between 8 and 12 Hz). The speech recognition engine of the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may detect the voice print representingcommunications content 102 and measure one or more audio characteristics (e.g. the audio frequency, pitch, volume, amplitude, etc., or stability thereof of portions of the voice print). An audio characteristic in excess of a deceptive indicia threshold value for the audio characteristic may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - In a case where a content-generating
participant 103 is presenting one or more indicia of deception (e.g. physiological indicators, speech patterns and/or physical movements) that may be interpreted/detected by a content-receiving participant 109 (e.g. detected by deceptiveindicia detection module 115 associated with the communication content receiving system 106) as being associated with deception, it may be desirable for the content-generatingparticipant 103 be made aware of such indicia of deception so that the content-generatingparticipant 103 may take remedial steps to mitigate such indicia in a case where the content-generatingparticipant 103 desires to avoid presenting an indication of deception in thecommunications content 102, or alternately, introduce indicia of deception intocommunications content 102 where the content-generatingparticipant 103 desires to present a false indication of deception in thecommunications content 102. - As such, the communications
content transmitting system 100 may include a deceptiveindicia notification module 116. The deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may receive one or more signals from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 indicating the presence or absence of deceptive indicia incommunications content 102 being provided to the content-receivingparticipant 109. Upon the receipt of one or more signals associated with the presence of indicia of deception incommunications content 102 from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, the deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may, in turn provide one or more signals to apresentation module 117 so that an indicator associated with the indicia of deception is presented to the content-generatingparticipant 103. - For example, upon the receipt of one or more signals associated with the presence of indicia of deception in
communications content 102 from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, the deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that avisual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generatingparticipant 103. As shown inFIG. 2 , the deceptiveindicia display device 118 may display avideo conferencing interface 120 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receivingparticipant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generatingparticipant 103 and content-receiving participant 109). The deceptiveindicia display device 118 may display a visual indicator 119A that presents a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102, a visual indicator 119B that presents a cumulative number of occurrences of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102, a color coded visual indicator 119A (e.g. “green” level indicating a low rate of occurrences of indicia of deception, a “yellow” level indicating a moderate rate of occurrences of indicia of deception, to a “red” level indicating a high rate of occurrences of indicia of deception). Thevisual indicator 119 may be a dynamic indicator that changes (e.g. moves from an indicated “high” rate of indicia of deception to an indicated “low” rate of indicia of deception) in real-time according to the type and/or amount of indicia of deception detected withincommunications content 102. Thevisual indicator 119 may provide an indication of the level of indicia of deception on a aggregate basis (e.g. occurrence metrics for multiple indicia of deception types, such as eye movement, formal language, etc. are combined into a single indicator for an “overall” view of the indicia of deception) or on an indicia-by-indicia basis (e.g. each indicia type is represented by a separate visual indicator 119). - Further, it will be noted that certain eye movements may be indicia of deception. For example, in the case of a right-handed person, movement of the eyes to the up and left may be indicative of a “constructed” response which may be indicative of deception. Conversely, movement of the eyes up and to the right may be indicative of a “memory recall” response which may be indicative of truthfulness. The above referenced conventions may be reversed for a left-handed person.
- As such, the communications
content transmitting system 100 may further include a user input device 121 (e.g. a keyboard, mouse, touch pad, touch screen, etc.) that may receive a user input from the content-generatingparticipant 103 defining a “handedness” of the content-generatingparticipant 103. Thevisual indicator 119 may be displayed on the deceptiveindicia display device 118 according to the “handedness” of the content-generatingparticipant 103 so that the act of looking at thevisual indicator 119 by the content-generatingparticipant 103 during a communications interaction is not, itself, an indicia of deception. Specifically, for a right-handed content-generatingparticipant 103, thevisual indicator 119 may be displayed on the right-hand side of the deceptiveindicia display device 118. For a left-handed content-generatingparticipant 103, thevisual indicator 119 may be displayed on the left-hand side of the deceptive indicia display device 118 (not shown). - In another embodiment, the upon the receipt of one or more signals associated with the presence of indicia of deception in
communications content 102 from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, the deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may provide one or more audio signals to a deceptive indicia broadcast device 122 (e.g. an audio speaker, headset, earpiece, etc.) that an audio indicator (e.g. a notification sound effect such as a beep, a spoken message, etc.) associated with the indicia of deception is emitted to the content-generatingparticipant 103. - In order to avoid presenting indicia of deception that rises to a level where it may be detectable by the content-receiving
participant 109 via the deceptiveindicia detection module 115 ofcommunications module 107, the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may maintain two or more threshold values associated with a given indicia of deception in deceptiveindicia threshold database 114 so as to provide a notification that a detectable incidence of deception has likely already occurred as well as to provide a predictive notification that an indicia of deception may occur in the future. For example, the first threshold value may be a predictive threshold value indicating that a number or rate of indicia of deception has occurred which rise to a level which is not likely to be a detectable incidence of deception but may be trending towards such a level. The second threshold value may be a detectable threshold value indicating that sufficient number of indicia of deception have been present incommunications content 102 that a content-receivingparticipant 109 may detect it as an incidence of deception. - It may be the case that the deceptive
indicia detection module 113 and deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may perform deceptive indicia detection and notification in a substantially real-time manner during a communication interaction (e.g. a video conference) between the content-generatingparticipant 103 and the content-receivingparticipant 109 to allow the content-generatingparticipant 103 to monitor thecommunications content 102 for indicia of deception. Further, upon completion of a communications interaction, it may be advisable for a content-generatingparticipant 103 to review thecommunications content 102 and any detected indicia of deception for education and/or training purposes. As such, during a communication interaction, the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may record thecommunications content 102 and apply one or more tags to the recordedcommunications content 102 according to detected occurrences of indicia of deception. - For example, during a communication interaction, the deceptive
indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may sample a portion of thecommunications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception and store an audio/video file containing the sampled portion of thecommunications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be stored to a deceptive indicia library database 123. The audio/video file containing the sampled portion of thecommunications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be annotated with information regarding the indicia of deception (e.g. the type of indicia of deception, the degree of deception indicated, etc.) to facilitate review of the detected indicia of deception. - In another example, during a communication interaction, the deceptive
indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may record thecommunications content 102 as an audio/video file and apply a graphical element (e.g. a “flag” icon 124) to the audio/video file at a time associated with the detection of an incidence of indicia of deception. The recorded audio/video file containing the graphicalelement communications content 102 associated with the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be stored to the deceptive indicia library database 123. - In another example, during a communication interaction, the deceptive
indicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may store a time stamp associated with the detected incidence of the indicia of deception to the deceptive indicia library database 123. - In another example, a content-generating
participant 103 may be independently aware of an occurrence of an indicia of deception contained in the communications content 102 (e.g. the content-generatingparticipant 103 knows they have lied about a maximum authorized purchase price during a negotiation). In such a case, the communicationscontent transmitting system 100 may receive a user input viauser input device 121 indicative of an occurrence of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may correlate the occurrence of the user input to detected indicia of deception and apply a tag (e.g. an audio/video sample, an insertion of a graphical element, storing a time stamp, etc.) to thecommunications content 102 according to the user input. - As described above, it may be advisable for a content-generating
participant 103 to review thecommunications content 102 and any detected indicia of deception for education and/or training purposes. As such, following tagging of thecommunications content 102 according to the detected indicia of deception, the portions of thecommunications content 102 associated with the tagged indicia of deception may be replayed to the content-generatingparticipant 103. For example, as shown inFIG. 3 , one or more tagged portions of thecommunications content 102 may be retrieved from the deceptive indicia library database 123 and displayed/broadcasted by thepresentation module 117 via a review interface 125. The review interface 125 may include video playback functionality configured to present thecommunications content 102 according to the tags. For example, the review interface 125 may allow for the content-generatingparticipant 103 to skip to portions of thecommunications content 102 associated with the tags. For example, the review interface 125 may provide a “skip to next” user interface element whereby a user input associated with the “skip to next” user interface element causes the review interface 125 to display/broadcast the next instance of thecommunications content 102 having a tag associated with a detection of indicia of deception. - In addition to providing a notification to the content-generating
participant 103 that thecommunications content 102 provided to the content-receivingparticipant 109 may include one or more indicia of deception, one or more remedial measures may be taken to modify thecommunications content 102 to reduce or remove or, alternately, add or enhance the indicia of deception from thecommunications content 102 prior to providing thecommunications content 102 to the content-receivingparticipant 109. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , following detection of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102 by the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, thecommunications content 102 may be provided to a deceptiveindicia masking module 126. The deceptiveindicia masking module 126 may modify thecommunications content 102 to reduce or remove the detected indicia of deception within thecommunications content 102 to produce modifiedcommunications content 102′. Alternately, the deceptiveindicia masking module 126 may modify thecommunications content 102 to add or enhance indicia of deception within thecommunications content 102 to produce modifiedcommunications content 102′. This modifiedcommunications content 102′ may be provided to the content-receivingparticipant 109 in place ofcommunications content 102. - Further, it may be the case that the content-receiving
participant 109 wishes to determine the presence of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102 and receive notification thereof. As such, the communicationcontent receiving system 106 may include a deceptiveindicia detection module 115, a deceptiveindicia notification module 127, apresentation module 108 and a deceptiveindicia library database 128 employing functionality similar to the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, deceptiveindicia notification module 116,presentation module 117 and deceptive indicia library database 123 described above to detect and notify the content-receivingparticipant 109 of the presence of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102 as well as generate an indicia of deception profile for the content-generatingparticipant 103 to be stored in deceptive indicia library database 123. - Further, it may be the case that the content-receiving
participant 109 may suspect that the content-generatingparticipant 103 may be employing indicia of deception masking techniques via deceptiveindicia masking module 126. As such, the communicationcontent receiving system 106 may further include a deceptive indicia maskingdetection module 129. The deceptive indicia maskingdetection module 129 may receive modifiedcommunications content 102′ and detect whether or not deceptive indicia masking has been applied to theoriginal communications content 102. Upon detection of one or more instances of deceptive indicia masking by the deceptive indicia maskingdetection module 129, the deceptive indicia maskingdetection module 129 may remove the instances of the deceptive indicia masking from the modifiedcommunications content 102′ to restore theoriginal communications content 102 and provide theoriginal communications content 102 to the content-receivingparticipant 109 via thepresentation module 108. - Still further, it may be the case that multiple content-receiving
participants 109 may employ multiple communicationcontent receiving systems 106 to receivecommunications content 102 from a common content-generatingparticipant 103. In order to generate a more comprehensive indicia of deception profile for the content-generatingparticipant 103, the content-receivingparticipants 109 may aggregate their respective indicia of deception data in adeceptive indicia repository 130 that is commonly accessible by the content-receivingparticipants 109. For example, each communicationcontent receiving system 106 may upload indicia of deception data associated with one or more communication interactions with the content-generatingparticipant 103 to thedeceptive indicia repository 130. Further, each communicationcontent receiving system 106 may download aggregated indicia of deception data associated with multiple communication interactions with the content-generatingparticipant 103 to and provide that aggregated indicia of deception data to a content-receivingparticipant 109 via thepresentation module 108 for review by the content-receivingparticipant 109. -
FIG. 4 and the following figures include various examples of operational flows, discussions and explanations may be provided with respect to the above-described exemplary environment ofFIGS. 1-3 . However, it should be understood that the operational flows may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or in modified versions ofFIGS. 1-3 . Also, although the various operational flows are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in different sequential orders other than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently. - Further, in the following figures that depict various flow processes, various operations may be depicted in a box-within-a-box manner. Such depictions may indicate that an operation in an internal box may comprise an optional example embodiment of the operational step illustrated in one or more external boxes. However, it should be understood that internal box operations may be viewed as independent operations separate from any associated external boxes and may be performed in any sequence with respect to all other illustrated operations, or may be performed concurrently.
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FIG. 4 illustrates anoperational procedure 400 for practicing aspects of the presentdisclosure including operations Operation 402 illustrates receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , a communicationscontent transmitting system 100 may include a communicationscontent capture device 101. The communicationscontent capture device 101 may include, but is not limited to, a video capture device (e.g. a digital camera, web cam, teleconferencing camera, etc.), an audio capture device (e.g. a microphone, telephone), and the like. - For example, as shown in
FIG. 1 , the communicationscontent transmitting system 100 may include a physiologicaldata capture device 102. The physiologicaldata capture device 112 may be a device configured to capture data associated with one or more physical conditions of the content-generatingparticipant 103 such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing patterns, perspiration levels, and the like. The physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include, but is not limited to, a heart rate monitor, a pressure transducer, a skin conductivity sensor, an IR sensor, a high-resolution camera, a microphone, and the like. Physiological data obtained by the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may be provided to a deceptiveindicia detection module 113 which may analyze the physiological data (e.g. compare the data to one or more threshold levels) to determine if the physiological data represents and indicia of deception. - Additionally, the
communications content 102, itself, received via the communicationscontent capture device 101 may be provided to the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 for analysis of thecommunications content 102 to determine if thecommunications content 102 represents and indicia of deception. For example, the audio and/or video of thecommunications content 102 may be analyzed to determine the various physiological characteristics such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing patterns, perspiration levels as well as other parameters such as eye dilation, eye movements, voice stress, language constructs, and the like. -
Operation 404 illustrates detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , upon receipt of either physiological data from a physiologicaldata capture device 112 or thecommunications content 102 received from the communicationscontent capture device 101, such data may be analyzed for correspondence with one or more defined deceptive indicia threshold values maintained in a deceptiveindicia threshold database 114. Exceeding one or more deceptive indicia threshold values may be an indicator that the content-generatingparticipant 103 is presenting one or more physiological indicators, speech patterns and/or physical movements that may be interpreted by a content-receivingparticipant 109 as being associated with deception in thecommunications content 102. -
Operation 406 illustrates providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1-3 , it may be desirable for the content-generatingparticipant 103 be made aware of such indicia of deception so that the content-generatingparticipant 103 may take remedial steps to mitigate-such indicia in a case where the content-generatingparticipant 103 desires to avoid presenting an indication of deception in thecommunications content 102, or alternately, introduce indicia of deception intocommunications content 102 where the content-generatingparticipant 103 desires to present a false indication of deception in thecommunications content 102. - As such, the communications
content transmitting system 100 may include a deceptiveindicia notification module 116. The deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may receive one or more signals from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 indicating the presence or absence of deceptive indicia incommunications content 102 being provided to the content-receivingparticipant 109. Upon the receipt of one or more signals associated with the presence of indicia of deception incommunications content 102 from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, the deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may, in turn provide one or more signals to apresentation module 117 so that an indicator associated with the indicia of deception is presented to the content-generatingparticipant 103. -
FIG. 5 illustrates an example embodiment where theoperation 402 of exampleoperational flow 400 ofFIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include anoperation -
Operation 502 illustrates receiving one or more image signals. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , the communicationscontent capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera. The high-resolution camera may image the skin surface of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the skin surface and detect the locations of one or more skin surface features, such as perspiration pores. The size of the perspiration pores and/or the dimensions of any perspiration droplets emanating from those pores may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc in the skin surface image) and monitored for changes over time. As an elevated level of perspiration may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed perspiration level in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. a threshold pore or droplet dimension) may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - In another exemplary embodiment, the communications
content capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera. The high-resolution camera may image the facial region of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the facial region and detect the locations of one or more facial features. The movements of various facial features (e.g. the eyes and, more specifically, pupil dilation) may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the facial region image) and monitored for changes over time. For example, in the case of a right-handed person, movement of the eyes to the up and left may be indicative of a “constructed” response which may be indicative of deception. - Further, certain brief, involuntary facial movements (e.g. “micro-expressions”) may be associated with certain underlying emotions of the content-generating
participant 103. For example, the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen has mapped various facial movements to underlying emotions. As certain physical movements (e.g. pupil dilation, eye movement, micro-expressions, etc.) may be an indicator ofdeceptive communications content 102, a computed facial movement (e.g. pupil dilation) in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. movement duration, movement distance, movement frequency) may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - Operation 504 illustrates receiving one or more infrared image signals. For example, as shown in
FIG. 1 , the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera. The near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel over a period of time indicating one or more heart beats. Such measurements over time may be used to compute a heart rate. The computed heart rate may be compared to a deceptive indicia threshold value maintained in the deceptiveindicia threshold database 114. As an elevated heart rate may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed heart rate in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - In another exemplary embodiment, the physiological
data capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera. The near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel. The size of the blood vessel at any given time may be used to compute a blood pressure. As an elevated blood pressure may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed blood pressure in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. -
Operation 506 illustrates receiving one or more audio signals. For example, as shown inFIG. 2 , the communicationscontent capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a microphone. The microphone may capture an audio signal (e.g. speech content, a voice print, breathing, ambient noise, etc.) of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may then analyze the audio signal and detect one or more characteristics of the audio signal. -
Operation 508 illustrates receiving one or more physiological sensor signals. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , the communicationscontent transmitting system 100 may include a physiologicaldata capture device 112. The physiologicaldata capture device 112 may be a device configured to capture data associated with one or more physical conditions of the content-generatingparticipant 103 such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing patterns, perspiration levels, and the like. The physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include, but is not limited to, a heart rate monitor (e.g. an EKG), a pressure transducer (e.g. a blood pressure monitoring cuff), a thermometer, a skin conductivity sensor, an IR sensor, a high-resolution camera, a microphone, and the like. Physiological data obtained by the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may be provided to the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 which may analyze the physiological data (e.g. compare the data to one or more threshold levels) to determine if the physiological data represents and indicia of deception. For example, the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive physiological sensor data and acquire measurements representing the various changes in the physiology of the content-generatingparticipant 103. As various physiological conditions (e.g. elevated heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, etc.) may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a physiological condition in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. -
FIG. 6 illustrates an example embodiment where theoperation 404 of exampleoperational flow 400 ofFIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include anoperation -
Operation 602 illustrates detecting one or more micro expressions of the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , the communicationscontent capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera. The high-resolution camera may image the facial region of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the facial region and detect the locations of one or more facial features. The movements of various facial features (e.g. the eyes and, more specifically, pupil dilation) may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the facial region image) and monitored for changes over time. Certain brief, involuntary facial movements (e.g. “micro-expressions”) may be associated with certain underlying emotions of the content-generatingparticipant 103. For example, the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen has mapped various facial movements to underlying emotions. As certain physical movements (e.g. pupil dilation, eye movement, micro-expressions, etc.) may be an indicator ofdeceptive communications content 102, a computed facial movement (e.g. pupil dilation) in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. movement duration, movement distance, movement frequency) may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. -
Operation 604 illustrates detecting an eye dilation of the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , the communicationscontent capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera. The high-resolution camera may image the facial region of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the facial region and detect the locations of one or more facial features. The movements of various facial features (e.g. the eyes and, more specifically, pupil dilation) may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the facial region image) and monitored for changes over time. -
Operation 606 illustrates detecting an eye movement of the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , the communicationscontent capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera. The high-resolution camera may image the facial region of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the facial region and detect the locations of one or more facial features. The movements of various facial features (e.g. the eyes and, more specifically, pupil dilation) may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the facial region image) and monitored for changes over time. For example, in the case of a right-handed person, movement of the eyes to the up and left may be indicative of a “constructed” response which may be indicative of deception. -
FIG. 7 illustrates an example embodiment where theoperation 404 of exampleoperational flow 400 ofFIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include anoperation - Operation 702 illustrates detecting a heart rate of the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown in
FIG. 1 , the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera. The near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel over a period of time indicating one or more heart beats. Such measurements over time may be used to compute a heart rate. The computed heart rate may be compared to a deceptive indicia threshold value maintained in the deceptiveindicia threshold database 114. As an elevated heart rate may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed heart rate in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. -
Operation 704 illustrates detecting a blood pressure of the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a near infra red charge-coupled device camera. The near IR CCD camera may image one or more blood vessels of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals indicative of the blood vessel image and acquire measurements (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc. in the blood vessel image) representing the various changes in size of the blood vessel. The size of the blood vessel at any given time may be used to compute a blood pressure. As an elevated blood pressure may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed blood pressure in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. -
Operation 706 illustrates detecting a perspiration level of the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , the communicationscontent capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera. The high-resolution camera may image the skin surface of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the skin surface and detect the locations of one or more skin surface features, such as perspiration pores. The size of the perspiration pores and/or the dimensions of any perspiration droplets emanating from those pores may be measured (e.g. pixel counts, reflectivity fluctuations, brightness, color, etc in the skin surface image) and monitored for changes over time. As an elevated level of perspiration may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed perspiration level in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. a threshold pore or droplet dimension) may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - Operation 708 illustrates detecting a skin conductivity level of the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown in
FIG. 1 , the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a skin conductivity sensor (e.g. a galvanic skin response (GSR), electrodermal response (EDR), psychogalvanic reflex (PGR), skin conductance response (SCR) or skin conductance level (SCL) sensor). The skin conductivity sensor may measure the conductivity of the skin of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the conductivity of the skin. As an elevated level of perspiration may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed perspiration level in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. a threshold skin conductivity) may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. -
Operation 710 illustrates detecting a breathing rate of the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , the communicationscontent capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a high-resolution camera. The high-resolution camera may image the skin surface of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may receive signals associated with the image of the content-generatingparticipant 103 and detect the locations of one or more bodily features. The relative positions of such bodily features may be measured (e.g. pixel counts in the skin surface image) and monitored for changes over time. For example, movement of various bodily features (e.g. the expansion and contraction of the chest cavity, movement of the shoulders, etc.) may be indicative of respiration. As an elevated level of rate of respiration may be an indicator of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102, a computed breathing rate in excess of the deceptive indicia threshold value (e.g. a breathing rate) may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. -
FIG. 8 illustrates an example embodiment where theoperation 404 of exampleoperational flow 400 ofFIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include anoperation 802 and/oroperation 804. -
Operation 802 illustrates detecting voice stress of the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may obtain a voice print of speech by the content-generatingparticipant 103. Various types of voice-change may occur as a result of stress associated with providingdeceptive communications content 102. For example, audible perceptible changes may include speaking rate, volume, voice tremor, spacing between syllables, and fundamental pitch or frequency of the voice. Further, inaudible changes may result from unconscious tensing of the vocal cords resulting in a dampening of selected frequency variations. When graphically portrayed, the difference may be readily discernible between unstressed or normal vocalization and vocalization under mild stress, attempts to deceive, or adverse attitudes. Still further, infrasonic, or subsonic, frequency modulation may be present, in some degree, in both the vocal cord sounds and in the format sounds (e.g. between 8 and 12 Hz). The speech recognition engine of the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may detect the voice print representingcommunications content 102 and measure one or more audio characteristics (e.g. the audio frequency, pitch, volume, amplitude, etc., or stability thereof of portions of the voice print). An audio characteristic in excess of a deceptive indicia threshold value for the audio characteristic may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. -
Operation 804 illustrates detecting characteristic language within the communication content. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , For example, as shown inFIG. 2 , the communicationscontent capture device 101 and/or the physiologicaldata capture device 112 may include a microphone. The microphone may capture speech content of the content-generatingparticipant 103. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may then analyze the audio signal and detect one or more characteristics of the audio signal. For example, the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may include a speech recognition engine for detecting the speech content of the content-generatingparticipant 103 within thecommunications content 102. Various language constructs may be associated with the truth or falsity of speech content. For example, the use of formal or “distance” language may be indicative of deception in speech content. Examples of formal or “distance” language may include but are not limited to, usage of a multi-syllable versions of synonymous words (e.g. “exceptional” vs. “great”), avoidance of contractions (e.g. “cannot” instead of “can't”), impersonal pronoun usage (e.g. “one might think . . . ” instead of “you might think . . . ”), avoidance of commencing a sentence with a conjunction (e.g. “I thought . . . ” instead of “But I thought . . . ”), lack of antecedent basis for an article (“A man approached me and pointed a gun at me. He stuck the gun in my ribs and forced me into the car” where no prior reference to “a car” had been made), and the like. The speech recognition engine of the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may detect the speech terms used in thecommunications content 102 and measure one or more language usage parameters (e.g. the frequency of use of formal language, the proximity of one formal language instance to the next, etc.). A language usage parameter in excess of a deceptive indicia threshold value for the language usage parameter may be detected as indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. -
FIG. 9 illustrates an example embodiment where theoperation 406 of exampleoperational flow 400 ofFIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include anoperation 902, 904 and/or operation 906. - Operation 902 illustrates displaying a visual indicator associated with the indicia of deception within a field of view to the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown in
FIGS. 1-3 , upon the receipt of one or more signals associated with the presence of indicia of deception incommunications content 102 from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, the deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that avisual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generatingparticipant 103. As shown inFIG. 2 , the deceptiveindicia display device 118 may display avideo conferencing interface 120 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receivingparticipant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generatingparticipant 103 and content-receiving participant 109). The deceptiveindicia display device 118 may further display the visual indicator 119 (e.g. a color coded indicator) that presents a cumulative number of occurrences of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102, a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102, and the like. Thevisual indicator 119 may be a dynamic indicator that changes (e.g. moves from an indicated “high” rate of indicia of deception to an indicated “low” rate of indicia of deception) in real-time according to the type and/or amount of indicia of deception detected withincommunications content 102. -
Operation 904 illustrates displaying a visual indicator indicative of a number of occurrences of indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1-3 , upon the receipt of one or more signals associated with the presence of indicia of deception incommunications content 102 from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, the deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that avisual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generatingparticipant 103. As shown inFIG. 2 , the deceptiveindicia display device 118 may display avideo conferencing interface 120 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receivingparticipant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generatingparticipant 103 and content-receiving participant 109). The deceptiveindicia display device 118 may a visual indicator 1198 that presents a cumulative number of occurrences of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. - Operation 906 illustrates displaying a visual indicator indicative of a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown in
FIGS. 1-3 , upon the receipt of one or more signals associated with the presence of indicia of deception incommunications content 102 from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, the deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that avisual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generatingparticipant 103. As shown inFIG. 2 , the deceptiveindicia display device 118 may display avideo conferencing interface 120 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receivingparticipant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generatingparticipant 103 and content-receiving participant 109). The deceptiveindicia display device 118 may display a visual indicator 119A that presents a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. Thevisual indicator 119 may be a dynamic indicator that changes (e.g. moves from an indicated “high” rate of indicia of deception to an indicated “low” rate of indicia of deception) in real-time according to the type and/or amount of indicia of deception detected withincommunications content 102. -
FIG. 10 illustrates an example embodiment where theoperation 406 of exampleoperational flow 400 ofFIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include anoperation operation 1006. -
Operation 1002 illustrates displaying a color coded visual indicator indicative of one or more indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1-3 , upon the receipt of one or more signals associated with the presence of indicia of deception incommunications content 102 from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, the deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that avisual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generatingparticipant 103. As shown inFIG. 2 , the deceptiveindicia display device 118 may display avideo conferencing interface 120 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receivingparticipant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generatingparticipant 103 and content-receiving participant 109). The deceptiveindicia display device 118 may display a color coded visual indicator 119A (e.g. “green” level indicating a low rate of occurrences of indicia of deception, a “yellow” level indicating a moderate rate of occurrences of indicia of deception, to a “red” level indicating a high rate of occurrences of indicia of deception). The visual indicator 119A may be a dynamic indicator that changes (e.g. moves from an indicated “high” rate of indicia of deception to an indicated “low” rate of indicia of deception) in real-time according to the type and/or amount of indicia of deception detected withincommunications content 102. Alternately, each indicia of deception type may be represented by a separatevisual indicator 119 having a designated color. For example, eye movement indicia of deception may be represented by a bluevisual indicator 119 while formal language indicia of deception may be represented by a greenvisual indicator 119. -
Operation 1004 illustrates displaying a visual indicator indicative of one or more indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content within a specified half of a display device within the field of view of the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1-3 , upon the receipt of one or more signals associated with the presence of indicia of deception incommunications content 102 from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, the deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may provide one or more video signals to a deceptive indicia display device 118 (e.g. an LCD display) so that avisual indicator 119 associated with the indicia of deception is presented within a field of view of the content-generatingparticipant 103. As shown inFIG. 2 , the deceptiveindicia display device 118 may display avideo conferencing interface 103 configured to present audio/video content from the content-receivingparticipant 109 during a communication interaction (e.g. at least one of audio and visual communication between at least the content-generatingparticipant 103 and content-receiving participant 109). The deceptiveindicia display device 118 may display avisual indicator 119 that presents a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102, a cumulative number of occurrences of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102, and the like. Further, it will be noted that certain eye movements may be indicia of deception. For example, in the case of a right-handed person, movement of the eyes to the up and left may be indicative of a “constructed” response which may be indicative of deception. Conversely, movement of the eyes up and to the right may be indicative of a “memory recall” response which may be indicative of truthfulness. The above referenced conventions may be reversed for a left-handed person. As such, the communicationscontent transmitting system 100 may further include a user input device 121 (e.g. a keyboard, mouse, touch pad, touch screen, etc.) that may receive a user input from the content-generatingparticipant 103 specifying a “handedness” of the content-generatingparticipant 103. Thevisual indicator 119 may be displayed on the deceptiveindicia display device 118 according to the specified “handedness” of the content-generatingparticipant 103 so that the act of looking at thevisual indicator 119 by the content-generatingparticipant 103 during a communications interaction is not, itself, an indicia of deception. Specifically, for a right-handed content-generatingparticipant 103, thevisual indicator 119 may be displayed on the right-hand half of the deceptiveindicia display device 118. For a left-handed content-generatingparticipant 103, thevisual indicator 119 may be displayed on the left-hand half of the deceptive indicia display device 118 (not shown). -
Operation 1006 illustrates emitting an audible notification associated with the indicia of deception to the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIG. 1 , upon the receipt of one or more signals associated with the presence of indicia of deception incommunications content 102 from the deceptiveindicia detection module 113, the deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may provide one or more audio signals to a deceptive indicia broadcast device 122 (e.g. an audio speaker, headset, earpiece, etc.) that an audio indicator (e.g. a notification sound effect such as a beep, a spoken message, etc.) associated with the indicia of deception is emitted to the content-generatingparticipant 103. -
FIG. 11 illustrates an example embodiment where theoperation 406 of exampleoperational flow 400 ofFIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include anoperation 1102 and/oroperation 1104. -
Operation 1102 illustrates providing a predictive notification of one or more potential indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1-3 , in order to avoid presenting indicia of deception that rises to a level where it may be detectable by the content-receivingparticipant 109 via the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 ofcommunications module 107, the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 provide a predictive notification to the content-generatingparticipant 103 that the level of indicia of deception present in thecommunications content 102 is approaching levels that may become detectable if such levels are not reduced. -
Operation 1104 illustrates providing a notification associated with a comparison of the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to at least a first threshold value and a second threshold value to the participant providing the communication content. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1-3 , the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may maintain two or more threshold values associated with a given indicia of deception (e.g. eye movement, characteristic language, etc.) in deceptiveindicia threshold database 114 so as to provide a notification that a detectable incidence of deception has likely already occurred as well as to provide a predictive notification that an indicia of deception may occur in the future. For example, the first threshold value may be a predictive threshold value indicating that a number or rate of indicia of deception has occurred which rise to a level which is not likely to be a detectable incidence of deception but may be trending towards such a level. The second threshold value may be a detectable threshold value indicating that sufficient number of indicia of deception have been present incommunications content 102 that a content-receivingparticipant 109 may detect it as an incidence of deception. -
FIG. 12 illustrates an example embodiment where theoperation 406 of exampleoperational flow 400 ofFIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include anoperation 1202 and/oroperation 1204. -
Operation 1202 illustrates providing a notification associated with the indicia of deception to the participant providing the communication content during a communication interaction. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 , it may be the case that the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 and deceptiveindicia notification module 116 may perform deceptive indicia detection and notification (as described above) in a substantially real-time manner during a communication interaction (e.g. a video conference) between the content-generatingparticipant 103 and the content-receivingparticipant 109 to allow the content-generatingparticipant 103 to monitor thecommunications content 102 for indicia of deception and adapt their communication styles account for such indicia of deception during the communication interaction. -
Operation 1204 illustrates providing a notification associated with the indicia of deception to the participant providing the communication content following a communication interaction. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1 and 3 , upon completion of a communications interaction, it may be advisable for a content-generatingparticipant 103 to review thecommunications content 102 and any detected indicia of deception for education and/or training purposes. During a communication interaction, the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may store a record associated with the detected indicia of deception to a deceptive indicia library database 123. Following the communications interaction, one or more portions of thecommunications content 102 may be retrieved from the deceptive indicia library database 123 and displayed/broadcasted by thepresentation module 117 via a review interface 125. The review interlace 125 may include video playback functionality configured to present thecommunications content 102 according to the records associated with the detected indicia of deception. The review interface 125 may allow for the content-generatingparticipant 103 to skip to portions of thecommunications content 102 associated with the records associated with the detected indicia of deception. For example, the review interface 125 may provide a “skip to next” user interface element whereby a user input associated with the “skip to next” user interface element causes the review interface 125 to display/broadcast the next instance of thecommunications content 102 having a record associated with a detection of indicia of deception. -
FIG. 13 illustrates an example embodiment where the exampleoperational flow 400 ofFIG. 4 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include anoperation 1302. -
Operation 1302 illustrates tagging the communication content according to one or more indicia of deception. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1 and 3 , upon completion of a communications interaction, it may be advisable for a content-generatingparticipant 103 to review thecommunications content 102 and any detected indicia of deception for education and/or training purposes. During a communication interaction, the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may record thecommunications content 102 and apply one or more tags to the recordedcommunications content 102 according to detected occurrences of indicia of deception. -
FIG. 14 illustrates an example embodiment where theoperation 1302 of the exampleoperational flow 400 ofFIG. 13 may include at least one additional operation. Additional operations may include anoperation -
Operation 1402 illustrates sampling at least a portion of the communication content including at least one indicia of deception. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1 and 3 , during a communication interaction, the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may sample a portion of thecommunications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception and store an audio/video file containing the sampled portion of thecommunications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be stored to a deceptiveindicia library database 104. The audio/video file containing the sampled portion of thecommunications content 102 containing the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be annotated with information regarding the indicia of deception (e.g. the type of indicia of deception, the degree of deception indicated, etc.) to facilitate review of the detected indicia of deception. -
Operation 1404 illustrates inserting a graphical element associated with associated with one or more indicia of deception into a video data file associated with the communication content. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1 and 3 , during a communication interaction, the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may record thecommunications content 102 as an audio/video file and apply a graphical element (e.g. a “flag” icon 105) to the audio/video file at a time associated with the detection of an incidence of indicia of deception. The recorded audio/video file containing the graphicalelement communications content 102 associated with the detected incidence of indicia of deception may be stored to the deceptive indicia library database 123. -
Operation 1406 illustrates storing one or more time stamps associated with one or more indicia of deception. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1 and 3 , during a communication interaction, the deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may detect an incidence of indicia of deception. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may store a time stamp associated with the detected incidence of the indicia of deception to the deceptive indicia library database 123. -
Operation 1406 illustrates tagging the communication content according to one or more indicia of deception in response to a user input. For example, as shown inFIGS. 1 and 3 , a content-generatingparticipant 103 may be independently aware of an occurrence of an indicia of deception contained in the communications content 102 (e.g. the content-generatingparticipant 103 knows they have lied about a maximum authorized purchase price during a negotiation). In such a case, the communicationscontent transmitting system 100 may receive a user input (e.g. a keystroke) viauser input device 121 indicative of an occurrence of indicia of deception in thecommunications content 102. The deceptiveindicia detection module 113 may correlate the occurrence of the user input to detected indicia of deception and apply a tag (e.g. an audio/video sample, an insertion of a graphical element, storing a time stamp, etc.) to thecommunications content 102 according to the user input. - Those having skill in the art will recognize that the state of the art has progressed to the point where there is little distinction left between hardware and software implementations of aspects of systems; the use of hardware or software is generally (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software can become significant) a design choice representing cost vs. efficiency tradeoffs. Those having skill in the art will appreciate that there are various vehicles by which processes and/or systems and/or other technologies described herein can be effected (e.g., hardware, software, and/or firmware), and that the preferred vehicle will vary with the context in which the processes and/or systems and/or other technologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly hardware and/or firmware vehicle; alternatively, if flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly software implementation; or, yet again alternatively, the implementer may opt for some combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Hence, there are several possible vehicles by which the processes and/or devices and/or other technologies described herein may be effected, none of which is inherently superior to the other in that any vehicle to be utilized is a choice dependent upon the context in which the vehicle will be deployed and the specific concerns (e.g., speed, flexibility, or predictability) of the implementer, any of which may vary. Those skilled in the art will recognize that optical aspects of implementations will typically employ optically-oriented hardware, software, and or firmware.
- The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment, several portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative embodiment of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal bearing medium include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable type medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape, a computer memory, etc.; and a transmission type medium such as a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.).
- In a general sense, those skilled in the art will recognize that the various aspects described herein which can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof can be viewed as being composed of various types of “electrical circuitry.” Consequently, as used herein “electrical circuitry” includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment). Those having skill in the art will recognize that the subject matter described herein may be implemented in an analog or digital fashion or some combination thereof.
- Those having skill in the art will recognize that it is common within the art to describe devices and/or processes in the fashion set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and/or processes into data processing systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and/or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those having skill in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system generally includes one or more of a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, computational entities such as operating systems, drivers, graphical user interfaces, and applications programs, one or more interaction devices, such as a touch pad or screen, and/or control systems including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and/or velocity; control motors for moving and/or adjusting components and/or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented utilizing any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing/communication and/or network computing/communication systems.
- The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely exemplary, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as “associated with” each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected”, or “operably coupled”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.
- It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations.
- In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.).
- In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”
- While particular aspects of the present subject matter described herein have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from the subject matter described herein and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (32)
1. A system comprising:
means for receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction;
means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content; and
means for providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction comprises:
means for receiving one or more image signals.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction comprises:
means for receiving one or more infrared image signals.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction comprises:
means for receiving one or more audio signals.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction comprises:
means for receiving one or more physiological sensor signals.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content comprises:
means for detecting one or more micro expressions of the participant providing the communication content.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content comprises:
means for detecting an eye dilation of the participant providing the communication content.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content comprises:
means for detecting an eye movement of the participant providing the communication content.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content comprises:
means for detecting a heart rate of the participant providing the communication content.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content comprises:
means for detecting a blood pressure of the participant providing the communication content.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content comprises:
means for detecting a perspiration level of the participant providing the communication content.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content comprises:
means for detecting a skin conductivity level of the participant providing the communication content.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content comprises:
means for detecting voice stress of the participant providing the communication content.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content comprises:
means for detecting a breathing rate of the participant providing the communication content.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content comprises:
means for detecting characteristic language within the communication content.
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content comprises:
means for displaying a visual indicator associated with the indicia of deception within a field of view to the participant providing the communication content.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the means for displaying a visual indicator associated with the indicia of deception within a field of view to the participant providing the communication content comprises:
means for displaying a visual indicator indicative of a number of occurrences of indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
18. The system of claim 16 , wherein the means for providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content comprises:
means for displaying a visual indicator indicative of a rate of occurrences of indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
19. The system of claim 16 , wherein the means for providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content comprises:
means for displaying a color coded visual indicator indicative of one or more indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
20. The system of claim 16 , wherein the means for providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content comprises:
means for displaying a visual indicator indicative of one or more indicia of deception within the communication content to the participant providing the communication content within a specified half of a display device within the field of view of the participant providing the communication content.
21. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content comprises:
means for emitting an audible notification associated with the indicia of deception to the participant providing the communication content.
22. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content comprises:
means for providing a predictive notification of one or more potential indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
23. The system of claim 22 , wherein the means for providing a predictive notification of one or more potential indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content comprises:
means for providing a notification associated with a comparison of the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to at least a first threshold value and a second threshold value to the participant providing the communication content.
24. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content comprises:
means for providing a notification associated with the indicia of deception to the participant providing the communication content during a communication interaction.
25. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content comprises:
means for providing a notification associated with the indicia of deception to the participant providing the communication content following a communication interaction.
26. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
means for tagging the communication content according to one or more indicia of deception.
27. The system of claim 26 , wherein the means for tagging the communication content according to one or more indicia of deception comprises:
means for sampling at least a portion of the communication content including at least one indicia of deception.
28. The system of claim 26 , wherein the means for tagging the communication content according to one or more indicia of deception comprises:
means for inserting a graphical element associated with associated with one or more indicia of deception into a video data file associated with the communication content.
29. The system of claim 26 , wherein the means for tagging the communication content according to one or more indicia of deception comprises:
means for storing one or more time stamps associated with one or more indicia of deception.
30. The system of claim 26 , wherein the means for tagging the communication content according to one or more indicia of deception comprises:
means for tagging the communication content according to one or more indicia of deception in response to a user input.
31. A method comprising:
receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction;
detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content; and
providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
32. A computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions for executing a computer implemented method, the method comprising:
receiving one or more signals associated with communication content provided by a participant in a communications interaction;
detecting one or more indicia of deception associated with the one or more signals associated with the communication content; and
providing a notification associated with the one or more indicia of deception associated with the communication content to the participant providing the communication content.
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