US20130132125A1 - System and method for providing insurance - Google Patents
System and method for providing insurance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130132125A1 US20130132125A1 US13/736,057 US201313736057A US2013132125A1 US 20130132125 A1 US20130132125 A1 US 20130132125A1 US 201313736057 A US201313736057 A US 201313736057A US 2013132125 A1 US2013132125 A1 US 2013132125A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- patient
- insurance
- policy
- procedure
- coverage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 206010062575 Muscle contracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 24
- 208000006111 contracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013133 post surgical procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002316 cosmetic surgery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010018852 Haematoma Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 206010040102 Seroma Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 7
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 206010015995 Eyelid ptosis Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 6
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 6
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 201000003004 ptosis Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000001217 buttock Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037390 scarring Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 206010006298 Breast pain Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000006662 Mastodynia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001949 anaesthesia Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N IDUR Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(I)=C1 XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004053 dental implant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000744 eyelid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003709 heart valve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001969 hypertrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004716 idoxuridine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007443 liposuction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000021090 palsy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000003144 pneumothorax Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010060938 Anaesthetic complication Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000094 Chronic Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000034656 Contusions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010051055 Deep vein thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012374 Depressed mood Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010201 Exanthema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010016275 Fear Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008771 Lymphadenopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025282 Lymphoedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010040893 Skin necrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010047249 Venous thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006838 adverse reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001363 autoimmune Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005884 exanthem Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVRCFVVLDHTFFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptasodium;tungsten;nonatriacontahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W] RVRCFVVLDHTFFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000642 iatrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000018555 lymphatic system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002502 lymphedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006461 physiological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000046 skin rash Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
- G06Q40/08—Insurance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/10—Services
- G06Q50/22—Social work or social welfare, e.g. community support activities or counselling services
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
- G16H20/40—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system and method for providing insurance, and more particularly, to a system and method for providing insurance related to surgical procedures utilizing implants, prostheses or artificial devices which have both near-term and late-term health-related implications.
- the first peak is primarily comprised of hematoma/seroma, implant malposition, asymmetry, wound healing problems, infection, size/style change and general dissatisfaction while the second broader peak is made up of primarily capsular contracture, ptosis repair, implant malposition, biopsy and implant leakage/rupture.
- Patients desire an affordable insurance plan which will truly address their fears of spiraling costs from a succession of complications and re-operations that may be necessary following implant surgery. Patients desire a plan which will cover almost every eventuality, near-term and late-term, and at an affordable price. Surgeons desire an insurance plan which will fairly compensate them for their professional services, rather than demand they treat the patient for free or reduced cost.
- a system and method for providing insurance to cover aesthetic side effects of elective cosmetic surgeries is provided. Further, a system and method for providing complications insurance, including insurance for the breast augmentation patient, is disclosed. With most other plastic or cosmetic operations not utilizing implants (e.g., liposuction) few, if any, complications related to the procedure occur beyond the 30-day post-op window. Thus, there is no need for a long-term insurance policy covering these procedures.
- implants e.g., liposuction
- FIG. 1 illustrates a bi-modal distribution plot overtime of the occurrence of complications in a breast augmentation patient.
- FIGS. 2A-2F illustrate steps in a method illustrative of the present method.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred method of underwriting an insurance policy to cover an adverse event resulting from a surgical procedure involving implantation of a foreign material into a human body that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to at least one year from the completion date of the procedure.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a preferred method of providing post-operative insurance for a surgical procedure involving implantation of a foreign material into a human body.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a preferred method of providing post-operative insurance for a breast augmentation procedure.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a preferred method of monitoring health and aesthetic complications of a patient post-surgical procedure in order to maintain the patient's eligibility for continued coverage in a long term insurance policy for the procedure.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a preferred method of determining prices for insurance coverage for a surgical procedure involving implant removal.
- breast augmentation is a unique operation, among most cosmetic surgical procedures. It is unique because of the dynamics of its complication occurrence rate. Plotted over time, the occurrence of complications in the breast augmentation patient is reflected by a bi-modal distribution 10 . Understanding this dynamic is important for any insurance plan to be efficient, effective and fiscally solvent.
- the first peak 12 is primarily comprised of hematoma/seroma, implant malposition, asymmetry, wound healing problems, infection, size/style change, anaesthesia complications and general dissatisfaction with the results of the procedure, for example.
- the second broader peak 14 is made up of primarily capsular contracture, ptosis repair and deflation.
- the present invention is a system and method for insurance designed for the breast augmentation patient, but may likewise be applied to cover other operations utilizing implants or prostheses with a similar progressive bi-modal complication occurrence rate.
- Other cosmetic operations e.g., liposuction
- an insurance policy that covers complications years after the operation is not practical for the typical cosmetic surgery patient.
- the present system and method may cover minor and major complications which may be predicted by the bi-modal distribution 10 .
- Coverage benefits might include: in-patient hospitalization; ambulance transfer; out-patient surgery; diagnostic imaging and laboratory studies; infection; implant malposition; diagnosis and treatment of deep venous thrombosis, pneumothorax, implant rupture, capsular contracture, adverse reaction, hematoma/seroma, chronic pain, poor wound healing, anaesthetic complications, general unhappiness, etc.
- Initial evaluation to study implant associated connective tissue, autoimmune, rheumatological disease would potentially be included.
- the present system and method may cover those usual and customary fees not provided by the manufacturer's warranty.
- the plan may provide coverage after warranty benefits are paid. If the rupture is determined to be iatrogenic by manufacturer's analysis, for example, the plan may pay surgery center and anesthesia fees, and optionally surgeon fees.
- all implant surgery should be in accordance with manufacturer's published guidelines and performed by physicians possessing current certification of training or licensure, in an accredited or federally certified surgery center or hospital.
- a grace period may be contemplated allowing enrollment for a limited period of time post-implantation, however, in those cases, the policy may not be retroactive. It may be contemplated that receiving replacement implant(s) during the term of member's policy, may restart the coverage period. Alternatively, the member may continue to be covered under terms of the original policy.
- a coverage period of less time may occur if (a) both implants are explanted and not replaced; or (b) for nonpayment of premiums. Processing of claims and benefit payments may be managed by a third party administrator (TPA).
- TPA third party administrator
- surgeon, anesthesia, surgery center, hospital, laboratory and consultant's fees may be paid using conventional code-driven mechanisms and at a regionally adjusted, usual and customary schedule, or percentage thereof. Certain facility/hospital benefit caps or flat rates may also apply.
- Premiums may be paid directly by the patient; or alternatively by the surgeon (embedded in the overall cost of surgery); or by the implant manufacturer (possibly embedded in the cost of the implant).
- Table 1 below shows the 4-year complication rate by patient for the indicated complications.
- This table is an example of complications, and specifically for breast implant complications.
- this type of complications table is readily available for other types of implant surgery such as buttock; pectoral; calf; facial; cranial, ophthalmic/ocular, auditory, dental, respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, spinal, gastrointestinal, bariatric, orthopedic, pharmaceutical etc. implants and soft tissue fillers, for example.
- Table 2 below provides the main reason for each reoperation performed through four years in primary augmentation patients. The most common reason for reoperation through four years in primary augmentation patients was because of capsular contracture (39 of 135 reoperations).
- Implant manufacturers are challenged with the task of device tracking and complication monitoring.
- data is to be accumulated and submitted for the ongoing FDA post-approval study (silicone only).
- Patient enrollment in the plan may be preconditioned upon the patient agreeing to conform with post-approval studies and continuing required surveillance/monitoring. This could be assured by (a) eligible health care benefits for significant reportable events would only be paid by the plan, predicated upon proper claim and medical record submission to the plan (and then forwarded to the manufacturer or other monitoring body).
- a key requirement of the post-approval study is routine MRI evaluations at years three, five, seven and nine.
- the plan would pay for these imaging studies to member patients, and the member would authorize release of results to manufacturer and/or FDA and/or other surveiling body (fee contracting with imaging centers anticipated).
- a method of the present invention is generally indicated by reference numeral 100 .
- the process 100 begins with an insurance company underwriting an implant insurance policy 102 .
- an implant manufacturer may subsidize the cost 104 and/or a professional medical society may participate in the plan 106 .
- the policy may be marketed directly to the patient receiving the implant and/or the physician performing the surgery 108 .
- the physician may receive support and training on possible marketing, processing of implant insurance applications and implementation of the policy 110 .
- the patient receives informational materials 112 and if interested completes policy application 114 .
- the completed application is submitted to the insurance company 116 .
- the application is reviewed by the insurance company 120 . If the application is not approved 122 , a notice of denial is sent to the applicant 124 . If the application is approved 122 , a full premium payment (or deposit) is processed by the insurance company 126 , unless paid on behalf of the patient by manufacturer or other third party. Optionally, the policy may be automatically issued with the premium paid by the manufacturer. The policy and handbook may be sent to the patient 128 . Thereafter, the patient has the implant surgery 130 .
- the policy simply expires 136 . If a covered event occurs 134 , but it is not during the policy term 138 , then no additional action is taken 140 . If a covered event occurs 134 , during the policy term 138 , the patient is evaluated by a physician or surgeon 142 . If diagnostic studies are obtained 144 , the results may be forwarded to the manufacturer and/or Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or other surveiling body 146 . Otherwise, if treatment is not recommended 148 , then no further action is taken 150 .
- FDA Food and Drug Administration
- treatment is recommended 148 , then authorization is determined per the insurance company's policy and protocol. If no authorization is required 154 , then the patient is treated 156 . If authorization is required 154 , then a request or claim is submitted by the physician to the insurance company or third-party administrator (TPA) for pre-authorization, predetermination and/or pre-certification of surgery 158 . If the request is authorized 160 , the patient is treated 156 . If authorization is denied 160 , then the patient may appeal 160 . If no appeal is timely filed, then the claim is finally denied 164 . If the denial is appealed 162 , and the review by the TPA or other reviewer is favorable 166 , the patient is treated 156 . If the appeal is not favorable 166 , a second level appeal may be submitted 170 .
- TPA third-party administrator
- the claim is finally denied 172 . If the second level appeal is requested, and the review is favorable 174 , the patient is treated 156 . If not, the claim is finally denied 176 . If the patient is treated 156 according to the recommendations of the physician or surgeon, code-driven claim(s) may be submitted by the provider(s) and facility to the TPA 180 , which may include supporting records. The TPA processes and evaluates the claim 182 and forwards the reportable event data to the implant manufacturer, FDA and/or other surveiling body 184 . If the TPA approves the claim 188 , the provider is paid in accordance with the policy terms and benefits 190 .
- the patient or provider may appeal the claim denial 192 . If no appeal is submitted then the claim is finally denied 194 . If the claim is appealed 192 and the review is favorable 196 , then the provider is paid 190 . If the review is not favorable 196 , a second level appeal may be submitted 200 . If no second level appeal is filed, then the claim is finally denied 202 . If the review of the second level appeal is favorable 204 , then the provider is paid 190 . If the review is not favorable 204 , then the claim is finally denied 206 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred method 300 of underwriting an insurance policy to cover an adverse event resulting from a surgical procedure involving an implantation of a foreign material into a human body that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to at least one year from said completion date.
- the insurance policy may comprise a multi-year policy covering adverse events up to ten years or more from the procedure date, subject to any required policy renewals (e.g., annual renewals).
- the preferred method 300 uniquely comprises underwriting insurance to cover long-term discomfort, aesthetic/cosmetic complications and/or health complications that may result from the intentional introduction of a foreign object into a patient's body via surgery.
- Such may include surgeries utilizing breast, bone, buttock, pectoral, calf, facial, cranial, ophthalmic/ocular, auditory, dental, respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, spinal, gastrointestinal, bariatric, orthopedic, pharmaceutical implants and soft tissue fillers.
- these surgeries may include augmentation and reconstruction breast implants and expanders, fixation plates, male pectoral augmentation, calf augmentation, cheek, nose and chin implants, titanium plates, gold implants for eyelid palsy, implantable hearing devices, osteointegrated dental implants, pacemakers, heart valves, prosthetic testes and penile implants, shunts, bariatric implants, various medicine delivery devices such as for insulin, birth control, etc., and calcium hydroxylapatite.
- the method 300 comprises step 310 of collecting a first set of data including a scope of coverage benefits, a coverage period, and occurrences of a health complication arising from surgical procedures such as breast augmentation procedures amongst a group of patients over a period of time.
- a fiscally solvent insurance plan that is affordable, yet covers almost every possibility of an adverse event following a breast augmentation procedure, whether near term or late term, various factors must be collected and taken into account.
- the bi-modal distribution curve shown in FIG. 1 and the associated data may be utilized.
- Tables 1-3 the data on the various health complications and their occurrences are tabulated in Tables 1-3 above. As illustrated in Tables 1-3, the data were collected over a number of years (i.e., four years) on a group of patients who underwent breast augmentation surgeries.
- the data related to coverage benefits may include in-patient hospitalization, ambulance transfer, out-patient surgery, diagnostic imaging and laboratory studies, initial evaluation, breast implant replacements, breast implant removal upon request of the patient, and reoperative procedures. Other data related to coverage benefits may further include the dollar limits on physician's professional fees, anaesthesia fees and facility fees and their respective policy caps pertaining to each health complication.
- step 320 comprises using computer means to process the first set of data to predetermine premium prices, terms, coverage benefits and exclusions.
- raw data pertaining to various types of health complications and their occurrences, coverage benefits and coverage periods may be collected and stored into a first centralized electronic database.
- a computer software may be provided to allow these variables to be inputted and subsequently processed according to certain predetermined parameters to generate various insurance policies or a specifically tailored insurance policy. For example, by providing a certain cap on the premium price, the computer may predetermine the prices, scopes of coverage benefits and exclusions included in a certain type of policy. Alternatively, by only choosing coverage for certain health complications, the computer may generate a list of optional premium prices available to the patient.
- the information stored in the centralized database may be edited, saved, deleted, accessed and processed by multiple computers. Furthermore, the same aforementioned database will allow more efficient transmittal of implant performance/complication outcome data to private and professional surveilling organizations, scientific researchers and the Food & Drug Administration and other governmental regulatory agencies as required by the governing codes, statutes and regulations.
- a computer program may be utilized to analyze and produce actuarial and statistical methods to evaluate what portion of the group of patients studied will seek an operation if those patients are eligible for enrollment in a policy.
- step 330 further comprises publishing a first report on the premium prices, terms, coverage benefits and exclusions.
- the first report may be printed, emailed or accessed using a secure log in system by insurance agents or insurance clients on a website or smartphone mobile application.
- method 300 may comprise step 340 of utilizing a bimodal distribution curve to determine the coverage benefits and the premium prices for covering the adverse event.
- step 350 may further comprise utilizing a Baker rating system of grading capsular contracture or other rating systems for other types of implants to determine the coverage benefits and the premium prices.
- Capsular contracture is an abnormal or hyperreactive response of the human physiological system to foreign materials in the human body occurring mostly in the context of complications and side effects from surgically placed implants, prostheses and the like.
- capsular contracture is a consequence of a progressive development of fibrous scar tissue encapsulating the breast implant.
- capsular contraction follows the formation of tightly-woven collagen fibers, created by the physiological response to the presence of foreign objects surgically installed to the human body, e.g. breast implants, artificial pacemakers and orthopedic prostheses.
- Capsular contracture occurs when the collagen-fiber fibrous capsule increases in thickness, tightens and squeezes the breast implant; as such, it is a medical complication that can be very painful and discomforting, and might distort the aesthetics of the breast implant and the breast. Factors common to its incidence include bacterial contamination, rupture of the breast-implant shell, leakage of the silicone-gel filling and hematoma.
- the Baker rating system is one of the industry accepted standards in measuring the degree of capsular contracture.
- the Baker rating system uses a scale of four grades to grade the firmness of a woman's breast following a breast augmentation procedure:
- Grade IV the breast is hard, painful to the touch and typically appears abnormal
- step 360 may further comprise using computer means to determine pricing for such an insurance policy covering health complications resulting from implant procedures, particularly implants for aesthetics purposes.
- a policy issued may be for a term of at least one year, extendable for longer terms either by the patient's request or by a mutual agreement between an insurance provider and an insured.
- a term of 4 to 20 years from the completion date of the procedure may be issued.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a preferred method 400 of providing post-operative insurance for a surgical procedure involving implantation of a foreign material into a human body.
- the method 400 comprises step 410 of underwriting an insurance policy to cover an adverse event resulting from the procedure that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to at least one year from the completion date of the procedure, as described above in connection with FIG. 3 and identified as method 300 , incorporated by reference herein.
- the insurance policy may comprise a multi-year policy covering adverse events up to ten years or more from the procedure date, subject to any required policy renewals (e.g., annual renewals).
- Step 420 generally comprises determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient undergoing the procedure.
- Step 420 comprises collecting personal information on the patient and using computer means to process the patient's information against available insurance.
- the patient's medical conditions may be inputted into a second centralized database, and a computer program may match the patient's specific health complications with the available insurance plans stored in the first centralized database to determine whether the patient is eligible to enroll in an insurance plan.
- step 420 may further include providing MRI evaluation coverage and preconditioning the patient to agree to undergo routine MRI evaluations over the period of time.
- step 420 may further include preconditioning the patient to agree to authorize release of MRI evaluation results to a third party, such as the FDA, a breast implant manufacturer or any surveilling body.
- Step 430 comprises providing the insurance policy to the patient if the patient is eligible to enroll.
- the insurance plan according to the present invention is available in one of three varieties: 1) either as a blanket policy offered to breast implant manufacturers covering all eligible individuals, 2) a policy offered directly to the patient, or 3) a policy offered to physicians providing the procedure. Accordingly, step 430 may further comprise providing a blanket policy to a breast implant manufacturer. Alternatively, step 430 may further comprise providing a policy to a physician providing the procedure.
- Step 440 comprises receiving a policy claim for the event.
- Step 450 comprises evaluating the policy claim, which may include collecting a second set of data including information related to the event. According to one method, step 450 may further comprise analyzing whether the health complication related to the event falls under either Grade III or Grade IV of the Baker rating system.
- Step 460 comprises providing insurance coverage for the patient if the event is covered by the insurance policy.
- method 400 also comprises a preferred method of providing long-term post-operative insurance to patients who have undergone surgeries involving the introduction of a foreign object into the body, including surgeries utilizing breast, bone, buttock, pectoral, calf, facial, cranial, ophthalmic/ocular, auditory, dental, respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, spinal, gastrointestinal, bariatric, orthopedic, pharmaceutical implants and soft tissue fillers.
- a preferred insurance product is provided for recipients of all types of implants and surgical objects who may suffer discomfort and/or health complications and or aesthetic/cosmetic complications over time as a result of the body reacting to the foreign object.
- the preferred insurance product and method of providing the same may be applicable to patients suffering the effects of scar tissue that has developed over time due to the surgical introduction of a foreign object into the body.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a preferred method 500 of providing post-operative insurance for a breast augmentation procedure.
- the detailed description pertaining to the method 400 set forth above is fully applicable to the method 500 and incorporated by reference herein.
- the method 500 comprises step 510 of underwriting an insurance policy to cover a health complication resulting from the procedure that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to at least one year from the completion date of the procedure as described above in connection with FIG. 3 and identified as method 300 , incorporated by reference herein.
- the insurance policy may comprise a multi-year policy covering adverse events up to ten years or more from the procedure date, subject to any required policy renewals (e.g., annual renewals).
- the health complication comprises a capsular contracture.
- Step 520 generally comprises determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient undergoing the breast augmentation procedure, as described above in connection with FIG. 4 and identified as step 420 , incorporated by reference herein.
- Step 530 comprises providing the insurance policy to the patient if the patient is eligible to enroll.
- Step 540 comprises receiving a policy claim for the health complication.
- Step 550 comprises evaluating the policy claim, which may include collecting a second set of data including information related to the health and aesthetic complications. According to one preferred embodiment involving a capsular contracture, step 550 further comprises analyzing whether the capsular contracture falls under either Grade III or Grade IV of the Baker rating system.
- Step 560 comprises providing insurance coverage for the patient if the health complication is covered by the insurance policy.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a preferred method 600 of monitoring health and aesthetic complications of a patient post-surgical procedure in order to maintain the patient's eligibility for continued coverage in a long term insurance policy for complications resulting from the procedure.
- the procedure may comprise augmentation and reconstruction breast implants and expanders, fixation plates, male pectoral implants, calf augmentation, cheek, nose and chin implants, titanium plates, eyelid palsy implants, implantable hearing devices, osteointegrated dental implants, pacemakers, heart valves, prosthetic testes and penile implants, shunts, bariatric implants, various medicine delivery devices such as insulin, birth control, etc., and calcium hydroxylapatite.
- the method 600 comprises step 610 of providing MRI evaluation coverage in the long term insurance policy.
- Step 620 comprises preconditioning the patient to agree to undergo routine MRI evaluations over a period of time.
- Step 630 comprises collecting a set of data on the patient's health and implant condition, post-surgical procedure, based on routine MRI evaluations over the period of time (as recommended by the Food & Drug Administration).
- step 630 is taken at predetermined intervals over the period of time.
- the predetermined intervals may be set at 3 years, 5 years, 7 years, and 9 years from the completion date of the procedure.
- Step 640 comprises using computer means to process the set of data to generate a report on the patient's compliance with the required routine MRI evaluations.
- providers may store the MRI evaluation results in a centralized electronic database.
- a report on the patient's compliance may be recorded in the same database and provided to a third party upon request, such as breast implant manufacturers or the FDA.
- the method 600 may further comprise step 650 of using computer means to process the set of data to generate a report on the patient's health complications post-surgical procedure over the period of time in a similar manner to step 640 described above.
- the method 600 may further comprise step 660 of preconditioning the patient to agree to authorize release of MRI evaluation results to a third party, such as the FDA, a breast implant manufacturer or other surveilling body.
- a method of determining prices for insurance coverage for a surgical procedure involving implant removal is also provided by the present invention.
- the actuarial analysis and statistical modeling required for removal of implant devices is particularly complex. While other insurance policies cover fortuitous events that arise from a variety of natural and man-made causes, coverage for removal requires the actuarial and underwriting evaluation of events and circumstances that are not considered insurable because they are not fortuitous.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a preferred method 700 of determining insurance coverage prices for implant removal, which may include the following steps below.
- Step 710 comprises collecting data to measure a historical frequency of implant removal occurrences (N).
- Step 720 comprises determining a first factor to further determine an increased frequency of the implant removal occurrences when the occurrences are paid for by insurance.
- this step further comprises determining a first factor (F) through clinical and behavioral research and analysis to determine the increased frequency of removal occurrences when the removal occurrences are paid for by the insurance.
- Step 730 comprises determining a second factor to further determine the increased frequency of implant removal occurrences from a historical time period to an upcoming policy period.
- this step further comprises determining a second factor (an annual trend factor T) through clinical and behavioral research and analysis to determine the increased frequency of removal occurrences from the historical time period to the upcoming policy period.
- Step 740 comprises increasing N by F and T to determine the increased frequency of the occurrences when they are paid for by the insurance, wherein:
- Step 750 comprises estimating an average cost of the occurrences (C) either as a fixed policy benefit or through computer analysis of historical data and adjustments for inflation in surgical fees and medical expenses.
- Step 760 comprises determining a portion of a premium E required for profit and expenses through actuarial analysis and consideration of management objectives and the competitive environment.
- step 770 comprises determining a portion of an overall policy price for renewals, P removals , according to the formula:
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Technology Law (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
A system and method for providing post-operative insurance in a surgical procedure involving implantation of a foreign material into a human body includes underwriting an insurance policy to cover an adverse event resulting from the procedure that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to at least one year from the completion date of the procedure from a completion date of the procedure. The method further includes determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient undergoing the procedure and providing the insurance policy to the patient if the patient is eligible to enroll. Upon receiving a policy claim for the event, the claim is evaluated and insurance coverage is provided for the patient if the event is covered by the policy.
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 12/622,319, filed on Nov. 19, 2009 now pending, entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING INSURANCE.
- The present invention relates to a system and method for providing insurance, and more particularly, to a system and method for providing insurance related to surgical procedures utilizing implants, prostheses or artificial devices which have both near-term and late-term health-related implications.
- Presently, manufacturers' warranties (e.g., Confidence Plus Platinum) and health insurance (e.g., CosmetAssure®) represent the only financial protection available to the breast augmentation patient. As these plans do not cover the most common problems associated with breast augmentation surgery; and are of short duration (30 days for CosmetAssure®), they are not popular with most patients. Further, as they do not compensate the surgeon for professional fees, they are not popular with physicians. Implant surgery, especially breast augmentation, is a unique operation, among most cosmetic surgical procedures. It is unique because of the dynamics of its complication occurrence rate. The occurrence of complications in the breast augmentation patient may be reflected by a bi-modal distribution (two separate peaks plotted over time). Understanding this dynamic is important for any insurance plan to be designed efficiently, effectively and fiscally solvent.
- The first peak is primarily comprised of hematoma/seroma, implant malposition, asymmetry, wound healing problems, infection, size/style change and general dissatisfaction while the second broader peak is made up of primarily capsular contracture, ptosis repair, implant malposition, biopsy and implant leakage/rupture. Again, as current insurance plans and warranties typically do not reimburse the plastic surgeon for his/her services, physicians typically are not motivated to promote the product to their patients.
- Patients desire an affordable insurance plan which will truly address their fears of spiraling costs from a succession of complications and re-operations that may be necessary following implant surgery. Patients desire a plan which will cover almost every eventuality, near-term and late-term, and at an affordable price. Surgeons desire an insurance plan which will fairly compensate them for their professional services, rather than demand they treat the patient for free or reduced cost.
- A system and method for providing insurance to cover aesthetic side effects of elective cosmetic surgeries is provided. Further, a system and method for providing complications insurance, including insurance for the breast augmentation patient, is disclosed. With most other plastic or cosmetic operations not utilizing implants (e.g., liposuction) few, if any, complications related to the procedure occur beyond the 30-day post-op window. Thus, there is no need for a long-term insurance policy covering these procedures.
- However, such is not the case with the unique situation of implant surgery utilizing breast implants or tissue expanders (as well as, buttock; pectoral; calf; facial; cranial, ophthalmic/ocular, auditory, dental, respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, spinal, gastrointestinal, bariatric, orthopedic, pharmaceutical etc. implants and soft tissue fillers). Here one sees a slowly progressive increase in the incidence of complications with years. The system and method may cover near-term and late-term complications. For device defects such as implant rupture, it may cover those usual and customary fees not provided by the manufacturer's warranty.
- The reoperative expense associated with more common early complications (e.g., hematoma/seroma evacuation) is typically much less than the more costly late term complications (i.e., capsular contracture). However, it is the second peak corresponding to late-term complications, which will keep the member and/or manufacturer committed to the system and method.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a bi-modal distribution plot overtime of the occurrence of complications in a breast augmentation patient. -
FIGS. 2A-2F illustrate steps in a method illustrative of the present method. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred method of underwriting an insurance policy to cover an adverse event resulting from a surgical procedure involving implantation of a foreign material into a human body that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to at least one year from the completion date of the procedure. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a preferred method of providing post-operative insurance for a surgical procedure involving implantation of a foreign material into a human body. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a preferred method of providing post-operative insurance for a breast augmentation procedure. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a preferred method of monitoring health and aesthetic complications of a patient post-surgical procedure in order to maintain the patient's eligibility for continued coverage in a long term insurance policy for the procedure. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a preferred method of determining prices for insurance coverage for a surgical procedure involving implant removal. - Each year, over 1 million patients worldwide seek breast augmentation surgery. One common concern cited by patients considering breast augmentation surgery is the fear of costly complications and reoperations. In the United States alone over 380,000 breast augmentation procedures were estimated to have been performed in 2006. Breast augmentation is now the most commonly performed cosmetic operation in the United States. This represents an 868% increase from 1992. With this increase comes an increase in the number of health-related issues associated with breast augmentation, both near-term and late-term.
- Referring initially to
FIG. 1 , breast augmentation is a unique operation, among most cosmetic surgical procedures. It is unique because of the dynamics of its complication occurrence rate. Plotted over time, the occurrence of complications in the breast augmentation patient is reflected by abi-modal distribution 10. Understanding this dynamic is important for any insurance plan to be efficient, effective and fiscally solvent. - The
first peak 12 is primarily comprised of hematoma/seroma, implant malposition, asymmetry, wound healing problems, infection, size/style change, anaesthesia complications and general dissatisfaction with the results of the procedure, for example. The secondbroader peak 14 is made up of primarily capsular contracture, ptosis repair and deflation. - The present invention is a system and method for insurance designed for the breast augmentation patient, but may likewise be applied to cover other operations utilizing implants or prostheses with a similar progressive bi-modal complication occurrence rate. Typically with other cosmetic operations (e.g., liposuction) few, if any complications occur beyond the 30-day
post-operative window 16. Thus, an insurance policy that covers complications years after the operation is not practical for the typical cosmetic surgery patient. - However, such is not the case with the unique situation of patients receiving implants, most notably breast augmentation. Here one sees a slowly
progressive increase 14 in the incidence of complications over a period of years. The present system and method may cover minor and major complications which may be predicted by thebi-modal distribution 10. Coverage benefits might include: in-patient hospitalization; ambulance transfer; out-patient surgery; diagnostic imaging and laboratory studies; infection; implant malposition; diagnosis and treatment of deep venous thrombosis, pneumothorax, implant rupture, capsular contracture, adverse reaction, hematoma/seroma, chronic pain, poor wound healing, anaesthetic complications, general unhappiness, etc. Initial evaluation to study implant associated connective tissue, autoimmune, rheumatological disease would potentially be included. Other conditions such as ptosis repair (sagging), biopsy and/or style/size change may also be covered. For a problem related to a device defect such as an implant rupture, the present system and method may cover those usual and customary fees not provided by the manufacturer's warranty. Here the plan may provide coverage after warranty benefits are paid. If the rupture is determined to be iatrogenic by manufacturer's analysis, for example, the plan may pay surgery center and anesthesia fees, and optionally surgeon fees. - The reoperative expense associated with more common early complications (e.g., hematoma/seroma evacuation) is typically much less than the more costly late term complications (i.e., capsular contracture).
- Though neither the manufacturer nor the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) have published any guidelines recommending routine breast implant replacement, discussions within the FDA advisory panels and the manufacturers strongly suggest a device life expectancy, in vivo, of at least 10 years. Thus, a policy with a term of 4 to 20 years is likewise proposed. Policies covering different types of devices might require different term length and benefits.
- Studies have shown a higher complication and reoperation rate within the revision and reconstruction patient populations, than the primary breast augmentation population. Thus different rates may be applied based on these factors. Other factors may include saline versus silicone gel implants. Ideally, enrollment should be completed prior to surgery, with an effective date/time being the induction of anesthesia.
- Ideally, all implant surgery should be in accordance with manufacturer's published guidelines and performed by physicians possessing current certification of training or licensure, in an accredited or federally certified surgery center or hospital. A grace period may be contemplated allowing enrollment for a limited period of time post-implantation, however, in those cases, the policy may not be retroactive. It may be contemplated that receiving replacement implant(s) during the term of member's policy, may restart the coverage period. Alternatively, the member may continue to be covered under terms of the original policy. A coverage period of less time may occur if (a) both implants are explanted and not replaced; or (b) for nonpayment of premiums. Processing of claims and benefit payments may be managed by a third party administrator (TPA).
- Typically, surgeon, anesthesia, surgery center, hospital, laboratory and consultant's fees may be paid using conventional code-driven mechanisms and at a regionally adjusted, usual and customary schedule, or percentage thereof. Certain facility/hospital benefit caps or flat rates may also apply.
- Premiums may be paid directly by the patient; or alternatively by the surgeon (embedded in the overall cost of surgery); or by the implant manufacturer (possibly embedded in the cost of the implant).
- Table 1 below shows the 4-year complication rate by patient for the indicated complications. This table is an example of complications, and specifically for breast implant complications. However, this type of complications table is readily available for other types of implant surgery such as buttock; pectoral; calf; facial; cranial, ophthalmic/ocular, auditory, dental, respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, spinal, gastrointestinal, bariatric, orthopedic, pharmaceutical etc. implants and soft tissue fillers, for example.
-
TABLE 11 Primary Augmentation: Complications N = 455 4-Year Complication Rate Complication* by Patient Reoperation 23.5% Capsular Contracture III/IV 13.2% Breast Pain 8.2% Swelling 7.8% Implant Removal with Replacement 7.5% Nipple Complications 4.9% Implant Malposition 4.1% Scarring/Hypertrophic Scarring 3.7% Asymmetry 3.2% Implant Rupture (MRI cohort)** 2.7% Implant Removal without Replacement 2.3% Hematoma 1.6% Ptosis (sagging) 1.4% Breast/Skin Sensation Changes 1.4% Seroma/Fluid Accumulation 1.3% Bruising, Delayed Wound <1% Healing, Extrusion of Intact Implant, Infection, Redness, Skin Rash, Tissue/Skin Necrosis, Wrinkling Capsule Calcification, Irritation, Lymphadenopathy, Lymphedema, Other Complications, Pneumothorax 1Data from Manufacturer's (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) FDA Core Study. - Table 2 below provides the main reason for each reoperation performed through four years in primary augmentation patients. The most common reason for reoperation through four years in primary augmentation patients was because of capsular contracture (39 of 135 reoperations).
-
TABLE 22 Primary Augmentation: Main Reason for Reoperation through Four Years Reason for Reoperation N Capsular Contracture 39 Implant Malposition 21 Ptosis (sagging) 19 Need for Biopsy 12 Hematoma/Seroma 9 Scarring/ Hypertrophic Scarring 8 Patient Request for Style/Size Change 7 Suspected Rupture 6 Asymmetry 5 Delayed Wound Healing 3 Breast Cancer, Extrusion of Intact Implant, 1 each Infection, Necrosis, Nipple Complications, Breast Pain Total 135 2Data from Manufacturer's (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) FDA Core Study. - The main reasons for implant removal among primary augmentation patients over the four years are shown in Table 3 below. There were 77 implants removed in 41 patients. Of these 77 implants, 60 were replaced. The most common reason for implant removal was capsular contracture (27 of the 77 implants removed).
-
TABLE 3 Primary Augmentation: Main Reason for Implant Removal through Four Years Reason for Reoperation N Capsular Contracture 27 Patient Request for Style/Size Change 18 Implant Malposition 9 Suspected Rupture 7 Ptosis (sagging) 6 Asymmetry 5 Breast Pain 2 Breast Cancer, Hematoma/Seroma, Extrusion 1 each Of Intact Implant Total 77 - Implant manufacturers are challenged with the task of device tracking and complication monitoring. In the situation of breast implants, data is to be accumulated and submitted for the ongoing FDA post-approval study (silicone only). However, not all patients are enrolling in these studies. Not all physicians are compliant. Patient enrollment in the plan may be preconditioned upon the patient agreeing to conform with post-approval studies and continuing required surveillance/monitoring. This could be assured by (a) eligible health care benefits for significant reportable events would only be paid by the plan, predicated upon proper claim and medical record submission to the plan (and then forwarded to the manufacturer or other monitoring body). Further, (b) a key requirement of the post-approval study is routine MRI evaluations at years three, five, seven and nine. If these studies are paid for by the patient, it may be anticipated that compliance with this critical portion of the study would be low. In one coverage option, the plan would pay for these imaging studies to member patients, and the member would authorize release of results to manufacturer and/or FDA and/or other surveiling body (fee contracting with imaging centers anticipated).
- This is a low cost insurance plan. It is simple to understand and simple to administer with possibly no co-pays, no deductibles and no limited provider network. Most every eventuality may be covered. Now the patient is no longer going to be angry at the surgeon for suggesting that the patient owes more fees when an unforeseen complication occurs.
- Surgeons may embrace this insurance plan and promote it to their patients because the plan provides for certain benefits to be paid to the surgeon when complications arise. No longer will the surgeon be placed in the sometimes volatile position of informing the patient that the patient owes more money for correction of a complication, of which the surgeon was not responsible. Payments to providers will be made promptly by the plan. However, to remove any inducement to defraud the plan with false claim submission by a few unscrupulous providers, certain checks may need to be instituted: e.g. (1) a preauthorization/predetermination/pre-certification process; (2) claim review; (3) medical record audit on request; (4) coverage limits on professional fees.
- Referring to
FIGS. 2A-2F a method of the present invention is generally indicated byreference numeral 100. Theprocess 100 begins with an insurance company underwriting animplant insurance policy 102. Optionally an implant manufacturer may subsidize thecost 104 and/or a professional medical society may participate in theplan 106. The policy may be marketed directly to the patient receiving the implant and/or the physician performing thesurgery 108. The physician may receive support and training on possible marketing, processing of implant insurance applications and implementation of thepolicy 110. The patient receivesinformational materials 112 and if interested completespolicy application 114. The completed application is submitted to theinsurance company 116. - Next, the application is reviewed by the
insurance company 120. If the application is not approved 122, a notice of denial is sent to theapplicant 124. If the application is approved 122, a full premium payment (or deposit) is processed by theinsurance company 126, unless paid on behalf of the patient by manufacturer or other third party. Optionally, the policy may be automatically issued with the premium paid by the manufacturer. The policy and handbook may be sent to thepatient 128. Thereafter, the patient has theimplant surgery 130. - If no covered events occur 134, then the policy simply expires 136. If a covered event occurs 134, but it is not during the
policy term 138, then no additional action is taken 140. If a covered event occurs 134, during thepolicy term 138, the patient is evaluated by a physician orsurgeon 142. If diagnostic studies are obtained 144, the results may be forwarded to the manufacturer and/or Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or othersurveiling body 146. Otherwise, if treatment is not recommended 148, then no further action is taken 150. - If treatment is recommended 148, then authorization is determined per the insurance company's policy and protocol. If no authorization is required 154, then the patient is treated 156. If authorization is required 154, then a request or claim is submitted by the physician to the insurance company or third-party administrator (TPA) for pre-authorization, predetermination and/or pre-certification of
surgery 158. If the request is authorized 160, the patient is treated 156. If authorization is denied 160, then the patient may appeal 160. If no appeal is timely filed, then the claim is finally denied 164. If the denial is appealed 162, and the review by the TPA or other reviewer is favorable 166, the patient is treated 156. If the appeal is not favorable 166, a second level appeal may be submitted 170. - If the
second level appeal 170 is not requested, then the claim is finally denied 172. If the second level appeal is requested, and the review is favorable 174, the patient is treated 156. If not, the claim is finally denied 176. If the patient is treated 156 according to the recommendations of the physician or surgeon, code-driven claim(s) may be submitted by the provider(s) and facility to theTPA 180, which may include supporting records. The TPA processes and evaluates theclaim 182 and forwards the reportable event data to the implant manufacturer, FDA and/or othersurveiling body 184. If the TPA approves theclaim 188, the provider is paid in accordance with the policy terms and benefits 190. If the claim is denied by theTPA 188, the patient or provider may appeal theclaim denial 192. If no appeal is submitted then the claim is finally denied 194. If the claim is appealed 192 and the review is favorable 196, then the provider is paid 190. If the review is not favorable 196, a second level appeal may be submitted 200. If no second level appeal is filed, then the claim is finally denied 202. If the review of the second level appeal is favorable 204, then the provider is paid 190. If the review is not favorable 204, then the claim is finally denied 206. -
FIG. 3 illustrates apreferred method 300 of underwriting an insurance policy to cover an adverse event resulting from a surgical procedure involving an implantation of a foreign material into a human body that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to at least one year from said completion date. In the preferred embodiment, the insurance policy may comprise a multi-year policy covering adverse events up to ten years or more from the procedure date, subject to any required policy renewals (e.g., annual renewals). In particular, thepreferred method 300 uniquely comprises underwriting insurance to cover long-term discomfort, aesthetic/cosmetic complications and/or health complications that may result from the intentional introduction of a foreign object into a patient's body via surgery. Such may include surgeries utilizing breast, bone, buttock, pectoral, calf, facial, cranial, ophthalmic/ocular, auditory, dental, respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, spinal, gastrointestinal, bariatric, orthopedic, pharmaceutical implants and soft tissue fillers. Examples of these surgeries may include augmentation and reconstruction breast implants and expanders, fixation plates, male pectoral augmentation, calf augmentation, cheek, nose and chin implants, titanium plates, gold implants for eyelid palsy, implantable hearing devices, osteointegrated dental implants, pacemakers, heart valves, prosthetic testes and penile implants, shunts, bariatric implants, various medicine delivery devices such as for insulin, birth control, etc., and calcium hydroxylapatite. - The
method 300 comprises step 310 of collecting a first set of data including a scope of coverage benefits, a coverage period, and occurrences of a health complication arising from surgical procedures such as breast augmentation procedures amongst a group of patients over a period of time. As mentioned above, to devise a fiscally solvent insurance plan that is affordable, yet covers almost every possibility of an adverse event following a breast augmentation procedure, whether near term or late term, various factors must be collected and taken into account. For this purpose, the bi-modal distribution curve shown inFIG. 1 and the associated data may be utilized. - As illustrated in
FIG. 1 , immediately after the completion date of the procedure, there are high incidences of health and aesthetic/cosmetic complications such as hematoma/seroma, implant malposition, asymmetry, wound healing problems, infection, size/style remorse, anaesthesia complications and general dissatisfaction with the results of the procedure. These incidences rapidly decline thereafter until approximately two years after the completion date of the procedure. This is shown as thefirst peak 12 of the bi-modal distribution curve. Beginning in the second year after the completion date of the procedure, incidences of health complications, particularly the more serious conditions such as capsular contracture, ptsosis, implant deflation and rupture, begin to slowly rise again over time without any possibility of a downward reverse for a second time. This is shown as the secondbroader peak 14 of the bi-modal distribution curve. Therefore, the preferred insurance policy described herein covers occurrences of health complications beyond two years from the completion date of the procedure. - In the example of a breast augmentation, the data on the various health complications and their occurrences are tabulated in Tables 1-3 above. As illustrated in Tables 1-3, the data were collected over a number of years (i.e., four years) on a group of patients who underwent breast augmentation surgeries. The data related to coverage benefits may include in-patient hospitalization, ambulance transfer, out-patient surgery, diagnostic imaging and laboratory studies, initial evaluation, breast implant replacements, breast implant removal upon request of the patient, and reoperative procedures. Other data related to coverage benefits may further include the dollar limits on physician's professional fees, anaesthesia fees and facility fees and their respective policy caps pertaining to each health complication.
- After the first set of data is collected, step 320 comprises using computer means to process the first set of data to predetermine premium prices, terms, coverage benefits and exclusions. By way of example and not as a limitation, raw data pertaining to various types of health complications and their occurrences, coverage benefits and coverage periods may be collected and stored into a first centralized electronic database. A computer software may be provided to allow these variables to be inputted and subsequently processed according to certain predetermined parameters to generate various insurance policies or a specifically tailored insurance policy. For example, by providing a certain cap on the premium price, the computer may predetermine the prices, scopes of coverage benefits and exclusions included in a certain type of policy. Alternatively, by only choosing coverage for certain health complications, the computer may generate a list of optional premium prices available to the patient. The information stored in the centralized database may be edited, saved, deleted, accessed and processed by multiple computers. Furthermore, the same aforementioned database will allow more efficient transmittal of implant performance/complication outcome data to private and professional surveilling organizations, scientific researchers and the Food & Drug Administration and other governmental regulatory agencies as required by the governing codes, statutes and regulations.
- Additionally, a computer program may be utilized to analyze and produce actuarial and statistical methods to evaluate what portion of the group of patients studied will seek an operation if those patients are eligible for enrollment in a policy.
- Subsequently, step 330 further comprises publishing a first report on the premium prices, terms, coverage benefits and exclusions. For example, the first report may be printed, emailed or accessed using a secure log in system by insurance agents or insurance clients on a website or smartphone mobile application.
- As mentioned above,
method 300 may comprise step 340 of utilizing a bimodal distribution curve to determine the coverage benefits and the premium prices for covering the adverse event. In another preferred method, step 350 may further comprise utilizing a Baker rating system of grading capsular contracture or other rating systems for other types of implants to determine the coverage benefits and the premium prices. - Capsular contracture is an abnormal or hyperreactive response of the human physiological system to foreign materials in the human body occurring mostly in the context of complications and side effects from surgically placed implants, prostheses and the like. In the example of breast enhancement surgery, capsular contracture is a consequence of a progressive development of fibrous scar tissue encapsulating the breast implant.
- The occurrence of capsular contraction follows the formation of tightly-woven collagen fibers, created by the physiological response to the presence of foreign objects surgically installed to the human body, e.g. breast implants, artificial pacemakers and orthopedic prostheses. Capsular contracture occurs when the collagen-fiber fibrous capsule increases in thickness, tightens and squeezes the breast implant; as such, it is a medical complication that can be very painful and discomforting, and might distort the aesthetics of the breast implant and the breast. Factors common to its incidence include bacterial contamination, rupture of the breast-implant shell, leakage of the silicone-gel filling and hematoma.
- The Baker rating system is one of the industry accepted standards in measuring the degree of capsular contracture. The Baker rating system uses a scale of four grades to grade the firmness of a woman's breast following a breast augmentation procedure:
- Grade I—the breast is normally soft and appears natural in shape
- Grade II—the breast is a mildly firm
- Grade III—the breast is firm and often appears abnormal
- Grade IV—the breast is hard, painful to the touch and typically appears abnormal
- Finally, step 360 may further comprise using computer means to determine pricing for such an insurance policy covering health complications resulting from implant procedures, particularly implants for aesthetics purposes. According to one preferred embodiment, a policy issued may be for a term of at least one year, extendable for longer terms either by the patient's request or by a mutual agreement between an insurance provider and an insured. In another embodiment, a term of 4 to 20 years from the completion date of the procedure may be issued.
-
FIG. 4 illustrates apreferred method 400 of providing post-operative insurance for a surgical procedure involving implantation of a foreign material into a human body. Themethod 400 comprises step 410 of underwriting an insurance policy to cover an adverse event resulting from the procedure that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to at least one year from the completion date of the procedure, as described above in connection withFIG. 3 and identified asmethod 300, incorporated by reference herein. In the preferred embodiment, the insurance policy may comprise a multi-year policy covering adverse events up to ten years or more from the procedure date, subject to any required policy renewals (e.g., annual renewals). - Step 420 generally comprises determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient undergoing the procedure. Step 420 comprises collecting personal information on the patient and using computer means to process the patient's information against available insurance. For example, the patient's medical conditions may be inputted into a second centralized database, and a computer program may match the patient's specific health complications with the available insurance plans stored in the first centralized database to determine whether the patient is eligible to enroll in an insurance plan. According to one preferred method, step 420 may further include providing MRI evaluation coverage and preconditioning the patient to agree to undergo routine MRI evaluations over the period of time. In another preferred method, step 420 may further include preconditioning the patient to agree to authorize release of MRI evaluation results to a third party, such as the FDA, a breast implant manufacturer or any surveilling body.
- Step 430 comprises providing the insurance policy to the patient if the patient is eligible to enroll. The insurance plan according to the present invention is available in one of three varieties: 1) either as a blanket policy offered to breast implant manufacturers covering all eligible individuals, 2) a policy offered directly to the patient, or 3) a policy offered to physicians providing the procedure. Accordingly, step 430 may further comprise providing a blanket policy to a breast implant manufacturer. Alternatively, step 430 may further comprise providing a policy to a physician providing the procedure.
- Step 440 comprises receiving a policy claim for the event. Step 450 comprises evaluating the policy claim, which may include collecting a second set of data including information related to the event. According to one method, step 450 may further comprise analyzing whether the health complication related to the event falls under either Grade III or Grade IV of the Baker rating system.
- Step 460 comprises providing insurance coverage for the patient if the event is covered by the insurance policy.
- It will be appreciated that
method 400 also comprises a preferred method of providing long-term post-operative insurance to patients who have undergone surgeries involving the introduction of a foreign object into the body, including surgeries utilizing breast, bone, buttock, pectoral, calf, facial, cranial, ophthalmic/ocular, auditory, dental, respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, spinal, gastrointestinal, bariatric, orthopedic, pharmaceutical implants and soft tissue fillers. In particular, a preferred insurance product is provided for recipients of all types of implants and surgical objects who may suffer discomfort and/or health complications and or aesthetic/cosmetic complications over time as a result of the body reacting to the foreign object. As an example and not by way of limitation, the preferred insurance product and method of providing the same may be applicable to patients suffering the effects of scar tissue that has developed over time due to the surgical introduction of a foreign object into the body. -
FIG. 5 illustrates apreferred method 500 of providing post-operative insurance for a breast augmentation procedure. The detailed description pertaining to themethod 400 set forth above is fully applicable to themethod 500 and incorporated by reference herein. Themethod 500 comprises step 510 of underwriting an insurance policy to cover a health complication resulting from the procedure that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to at least one year from the completion date of the procedure as described above in connection withFIG. 3 and identified asmethod 300, incorporated by reference herein. In the preferred embodiment, the insurance policy may comprise a multi-year policy covering adverse events up to ten years or more from the procedure date, subject to any required policy renewals (e.g., annual renewals). According to a preferred embodiment, the health complication comprises a capsular contracture. - Step 520 generally comprises determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient undergoing the breast augmentation procedure, as described above in connection with
FIG. 4 and identified as step 420, incorporated by reference herein. Step 530 comprises providing the insurance policy to the patient if the patient is eligible to enroll. Step 540 comprises receiving a policy claim for the health complication. - Step 550 comprises evaluating the policy claim, which may include collecting a second set of data including information related to the health and aesthetic complications. According to one preferred embodiment involving a capsular contracture, step 550 further comprises analyzing whether the capsular contracture falls under either Grade III or Grade IV of the Baker rating system.
- Step 560 comprises providing insurance coverage for the patient if the health complication is covered by the insurance policy.
-
FIG. 6 illustrates apreferred method 600 of monitoring health and aesthetic complications of a patient post-surgical procedure in order to maintain the patient's eligibility for continued coverage in a long term insurance policy for complications resulting from the procedure. In the preferred embodiment, the procedure may comprise augmentation and reconstruction breast implants and expanders, fixation plates, male pectoral implants, calf augmentation, cheek, nose and chin implants, titanium plates, eyelid palsy implants, implantable hearing devices, osteointegrated dental implants, pacemakers, heart valves, prosthetic testes and penile implants, shunts, bariatric implants, various medicine delivery devices such as insulin, birth control, etc., and calcium hydroxylapatite. Themethod 600 comprises step 610 of providing MRI evaluation coverage in the long term insurance policy. Step 620 comprises preconditioning the patient to agree to undergo routine MRI evaluations over a period of time. - Step 630 comprises collecting a set of data on the patient's health and implant condition, post-surgical procedure, based on routine MRI evaluations over the period of time (as recommended by the Food & Drug Administration). Preferably, step 630 is taken at predetermined intervals over the period of time. According to one preferred method, the predetermined intervals may be set at 3 years, 5 years, 7 years, and 9 years from the completion date of the procedure.
- Step 640 comprises using computer means to process the set of data to generate a report on the patient's compliance with the required routine MRI evaluations. For example, providers may store the MRI evaluation results in a centralized electronic database. Using a computer software, a report on the patient's compliance may be recorded in the same database and provided to a third party upon request, such as breast implant manufacturers or the FDA.
- Alternatively, the
method 600 may further comprise step 650 of using computer means to process the set of data to generate a report on the patient's health complications post-surgical procedure over the period of time in a similar manner to step 640 described above. Lastly, themethod 600 may further comprise step 660 of preconditioning the patient to agree to authorize release of MRI evaluation results to a third party, such as the FDA, a breast implant manufacturer or other surveilling body. - A method of determining prices for insurance coverage for a surgical procedure involving implant removal is also provided by the present invention. The actuarial analysis and statistical modeling required for removal of implant devices is particularly complex. While other insurance policies cover fortuitous events that arise from a variety of natural and man-made causes, coverage for removal requires the actuarial and underwriting evaluation of events and circumstances that are not considered insurable because they are not fortuitous.
FIG. 7 illustrates apreferred method 700 of determining insurance coverage prices for implant removal, which may include the following steps below. - Step 710 comprises collecting data to measure a historical frequency of implant removal occurrences (N).
- Step 720 comprises determining a first factor to further determine an increased frequency of the implant removal occurrences when the occurrences are paid for by insurance. In a preferred embodiment, this step further comprises determining a first factor (F) through clinical and behavioral research and analysis to determine the increased frequency of removal occurrences when the removal occurrences are paid for by the insurance.
- Step 730 comprises determining a second factor to further determine the increased frequency of implant removal occurrences from a historical time period to an upcoming policy period. According to a preferred embodiment, this step further comprises determining a second factor (an annual trend factor T) through clinical and behavioral research and analysis to determine the increased frequency of removal occurrences from the historical time period to the upcoming policy period.
- Step 740 comprises increasing N by F and T to determine the increased frequency of the occurrences when they are paid for by the insurance, wherein:
-
- Nadj=F*N*TY, where Y=number of years from the average date of the historical time period to the average date of removal claim in the upcoming policy period being priced (This formula is used at times when research determines that trend changes compound exponentially over time)
- or
-
- Nadj=F*N*[T*Y] (This formula is used at times when research determines that trend changes compound additively over time);
- Step 750 comprises estimating an average cost of the occurrences (C) either as a fixed policy benefit or through computer analysis of historical data and adjustments for inflation in surgical fees and medical expenses.
- Step 760 comprises determining a portion of a premium E required for profit and expenses through actuarial analysis and consideration of management objectives and the competitive environment.
- Lastly, step 770 comprises determining a portion of an overall policy price for renewals, Premovals, according to the formula:
-
P removals =[N adj *C]/[1−E]. - Prices for other policy benefits can be determined through similar analytical and computer means.
- Many alterations and modifications may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it must be understood that the illustrated embodiments have been set forth only for the purposes of examples and that they should not be taken as limiting the invention as defined by the following claims. For example, notwithstanding the fact that the elements of a claim are set forth below in a certain combination, it must be expressly understood that the invention includes other combinations of fewer, more or different ones of the disclosed elements. The words used in this specification to describe the invention and its various embodiments are to be understood not only in the sense of their commonly defined meanings, but to include by special definition in this specification the generic structure, material or acts of which they represent a single species.
- The definitions of the words or elements of the following claims are, therefore, defined in this specification to not only include the combination of elements which are literally set forth. In this sense it is therefore contemplated that an equivalent substitution of two or more elements may be made for any one of the elements in the claims below or that a single element may be substituted for two or more elements in a claim. Although elements may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, it is to be expressly understood that one or more elements from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination and that the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
- Insubstantial changes from the claimed subject matter as viewed by a person with ordinary skill in the art, now known or later devised, are expressly contemplated as being equivalently within the scope of the claims. Therefore, obvious substitutions now or later known to one with ordinary skill in the art are defined to be within the scope of the defined elements.
- The claims are thus to be understood to include what is specifically illustrated and described above, what is conceptually equivalent, what can be obviously substituted and also what incorporates the essential idea of the invention.
Claims (25)
1. A method of providing post-operative insurance for a surgical procedure involving implantation of a foreign material into a human body, comprising:
underwriting an insurance policy to cover an adverse event resulting from the procedure that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to at least one year from the completion date of the procedure further comprising:
collecting a first set of data including a scope of coverage benefits, a coverage period, and occurrences of a health and aesthetic complication arising from surgical procedures involving implantation of a foreign material into a human body amongst a group of patients over a period of time,
using computer means to process the first set of data to predetermine premium prices, terms, coverage benefits and exclusions, and
publishing a first report on the premium prices, terms, coverage benefits and exclusions;
determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient undergoing the surgical procedure, further comprising:
collecting personal information on the patient, and
using computer means to process the patient's information against available insurance;
providing the insurance policy to the patient if the patient is eligible to enroll;
receiving a policy claim for the event;
evaluating the policy claim, further comprising:
collecting a second set of data including information related to the event; and
providing insurance coverage for the patient if the event is covered by the insurance policy.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surgical procedure further comprises a breast augmentation procedure.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of underwriting an insurance policy further comprises utilizing a bimodal distribution curve to determine the coverage benefits and the premium prices for covering the adverse event.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of underwriting an insurance policy further comprises utilizing a Baker rating system of grading capsular contracture to determine the coverage benefits and the premium prices.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of evaluating the policy claim further comprises analyzing whether the health or aesthetic complication related to the event falls under either Grade III or Grade IV of the Baker rating system.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient further comprises providing MRI evaluation coverage and preconditioning the patient to agree to undergo routine MRI evaluations over the period of time.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the step of determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient further comprises preconditioning the patient to agree to authorize release of MRI evaluation results to a third party.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of providing the insurance policy to the patient if the patient is eligible to enroll further comprises providing a blanket policy to a breast implant manufacturer.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of providing the insurance policy to the patient if the patient is eligible to enroll further comprises providing a policy to a physician providing the procedure.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the post-operative insurance further comprises complications insurance to cover aesthetic side effects of elective cosmetic surgeries.
11. A method of providing post-operative insurance for a breast augmentation procedure, comprising:
underwriting an insurance policy to cover a health complication resulting from the procedure that may occur from a completion date of the procedure up to least one year from the completion date of the procedure further comprising:
collecting a first set of data including a scope of coverage benefits, a coverage period, and health complication occurrences arising from breast augmentation procedures amongst a group of patients over a period of time,
using computer means to process the first set of data to predetermine premium prices, terms, coverage benefits and exclusions, and
publishing a first report on the premium prices, terms, coverage benefits and exclusions;
determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient undergoing the breast augmentation procedure, further comprising:
collecting personal information on the patient, and
using computer means to process the patient's information against available insurance;
providing the insurance policy to the patient if the patient is eligible to enroll;
receiving a policy claim for the capsular contracture;
evaluating the policy claim, further comprising:
collecting a second set of data including information related to the health complication; and
providing insurance coverage for the patient if the health complication is covered by the insurance policy.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the health complication comprises a capsular contracture.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of underwriting an insurance policy further comprises utilizing a bimodal distribution curve to determine the coverage benefits and the premium prices for covering the health and aesthetic complication occurrences.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of underwriting an insurance policy further comprises utilizing a Baker rating system of grading capsular contracture to determine the coverage benefits and the premium prices.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the step of evaluating the policy claim further comprises analyzing whether the capsular contracture falls under either Grade III or Grade IV of the Baker rating system.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient further comprises providing MRI evaluation coverage and preconditioning the patient to agree to undergo routine MRI evaluations over the period of time.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of determining eligibility for enrollment of a patient further comprises preconditioning the patient to agree to authorize release of MRI evaluation results to a third party.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the post-operative insurance further comprises complications insurance to cover aesthetic side effects of elective cosmetic surgeries.
19. A method of monitoring health and aesthetic complications of a patient post-surgical procedure involving an implantation of a foreign material into a human body in order to maintain the patient's eligibility for continued coverage in a long term insurance policy for the procedure, comprising:
providing MRI evaluation coverage in the long term insurance policy;
preconditioning the patient to agree to undergo routine MRI evaluations over a period of time;
collecting a set of data on the patient's health post-surgical procedure based on routine MRI evaluations over the period of time; and
using computer means to process the set of data to generate a report on the patient's compliance with the required routine MRI evaluations.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the surgical procedure further comprises a breast augmentation procedure.
21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising using computer means to process the set of data to generate a report on the patient's health and aesthetic complications post-surgical procedure over the period of time.
22. The method of claim 19 , further comprising preconditioning the patient to agree to authorize release of MRI evaluation results to a third party.
23. A method of determining prices for insurance coverage for a surgical procedure involving implant removal, comprising:
collecting data to measure a historical frequency of implant removal occurrences;
determining a first factor to further determine an increased frequency of the implant removal occurrences when the occurrences paid for by insurance;
determining a second factor to further determine the increased frequency of the implant removal occurrences from a historical time period to an upcoming policy period;
increasing the historical frequency by the first factor and the second factor to further determine the increased frequency of implant removal occurrences when the occurrences are paid for by the insurance;
estimating an average cost of the occurrences;
determining a portion of a premium required for profit and expenses; and
determining a portion of an overall policy price for renewals.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the step of estimating an average cost of the occurrences further comprises estimating the average cost as a fixed policy benefit.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the step of estimating an average cost of the occurrences further comprises using computer means to analyze historical data and adjustments for inflation in surgical fees and medical expenses.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/736,057 US20130132125A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2013-01-07 | System and method for providing insurance |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/622,319 US20100125537A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2009-11-19 | System and method for providing insurance |
US13/736,057 US20130132125A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2013-01-07 | System and method for providing insurance |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/622,319 Continuation-In-Part US20100125537A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2009-11-19 | System and method for providing insurance |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130132125A1 true US20130132125A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
Family
ID=48427799
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/736,057 Abandoned US20130132125A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2013-01-07 | System and method for providing insurance |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130132125A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140257831A1 (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-11 | Mckesson Financial Holdings | Method And Apparatus For Generating Proxy Eligibility Data |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040267579A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2004-12-30 | Markman Barry S. | Method, apparatus and system for providing insurance coverage and claims payment for single event surgical and diagnostic procedures |
US20100179836A1 (en) * | 2000-10-11 | 2010-07-15 | Hasan Malik M | System for communication of health care data |
-
2013
- 2013-01-07 US US13/736,057 patent/US20130132125A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100179836A1 (en) * | 2000-10-11 | 2010-07-15 | Hasan Malik M | System for communication of health care data |
US20040267579A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2004-12-30 | Markman Barry S. | Method, apparatus and system for providing insurance coverage and claims payment for single event surgical and diagnostic procedures |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
CosmetAssure, CosmetAssure website, Captured 09/01/2004 by Internet Archive WayBack Machine. * |
FDA, FDA Summary Panel Menorandum, 03/02/2005, Mentor P030053 * |
Medicare, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Caputured on 01/31/2005 by Internet Archive WayBack Machine https://web.archive.org/web/20050131162355/http://www.cms.hhs.gov/manuals/102_policy/bp102c16.pdf * |
Wikipedia, Capsular contracture, Captured on 01/26/2007 by Internet Archive WayBack Mechine https://web.archive.org/web/20070126130101/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsular_contracture * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140257831A1 (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-11 | Mckesson Financial Holdings | Method And Apparatus For Generating Proxy Eligibility Data |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Thomas Delea et al. | Retrospective study of the effect of skeletal complications on total medical care costs in patients with bone metastases of breast cancer seen in typical clinical practice | |
Oostenbrink et al. | Cost assessment and price setting of inpatient care in the Netherlands. The DBC case-mix system | |
Gumbie et al. | The cost-effectiveness of Cochlear implants in Swedish adults | |
US20100125537A1 (en) | System and method for providing insurance | |
Schnurman et al. | Comparing costs of microsurgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma | |
Smith et al. | Hoping for economic recovery, preparing for health reform: A look at Medicaid spending, coverage and policy trends results from a 50-state Medicaid budget survey for state fiscal years 2010 and 2011 | |
US20130132125A1 (en) | System and method for providing insurance | |
Kaplan | Older Americans, Medicare, and the Affordable Care Act: What's Really In It for Elders? | |
Bozic et al. | Patient preferences and willingness to pay for arthroplasty surgery in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip | |
Davitt et al. | Tracing the history of Medicare home health care: the impact of policy on benefit use | |
Locke | Breast Reconstruction: National Guidelines for Best Practice | |
Bartholome | Leveraging Our Strengths: Reinforcing Pay-for-Performance Programs as the Solution for Defensive Medicine | |
Schneiter et al. | Rising health care costs: State health cost containment approaches | |
Kehoe et al. | A Multi-State Analysis of the Fiscal and Social Impact of Commercial Insurance Coverage for Recreational Prostheses in the United States | |
Holden et al. | Senate inquiry into price regulation on the prostheses list | |
Livesay et al. | Client characteristics and the cost of home care in the prospective payment system | |
DATE | POLICYHOLDER: POLICYNUMBER | |
DATE | BLANKET STUDENT ACCIDENT AND SICKNESS INSURANCE PLEASE READ THIS POLICY CAREFULLY | |
Siotos et al. | Trends of Medicare reimbursement rates for gender affirmation procedures | |
Fiore | The Impact of the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansion on Medicaid Spending by Health Care Service Category | |
DATE | WARNING: ANY PERSON WHO KNOWINGLY, AND WITH INTENT TO INJURE, DEFRAUD OR DECEIVE ANY INSURER, MAKES ANY CLAIM FOR THE PROCEEDS OF AN INSURANCE POLICY CONTAINING ANY FALSE, INCOMPLETE OR MISLEADING INFORMATION IS GUILTY OF A FELONY. | |
Mantel et al. | PMD145-CHARACTERIZING BURDEN OF INTRAOPERATIVE AND EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIPROSTHETIC HIP FRACTURES FOLLOWING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY | |
REYNOLDS et al. | Governor Kim Reynolds 1007 East Grand Avenue Des Moines, Iowa 50319 Governor Reynolds, Enclosed please find the Iowa Insurance Division’s Annual Health Costs report, which examines | |
Harris et al. | Between Podiatrists and Orthopedic Surgeons | |
HealthCare et al. | About Sharp |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCV | Information on status: appeal procedure |
Free format text: ON APPEAL -- AWAITING DECISION BY THE BOARD OF APPEALS |
|
STCV | Information on status: appeal procedure |
Free format text: BOARD OF APPEALS DECISION RENDERED |
|
STCV | Information on status: appeal procedure |
Free format text: REQUEST RECONSIDERATION AFTER BOARD OF APPEALS DECISION |
|
STCV | Information on status: appeal procedure |
Free format text: BOARD OF APPEALS DECISION RENDERED AFTER REQUEST FOR RECONSIDERATION |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- AFTER EXAMINER'S ANSWER OR BOARD OF APPEALS DECISION |