US20130084209A1 - White Metal Babbitt for Rolling Mill Bushing - Google Patents
White Metal Babbitt for Rolling Mill Bushing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130084209A1 US20130084209A1 US13/590,996 US201213590996A US2013084209A1 US 20130084209 A1 US20130084209 A1 US 20130084209A1 US 201213590996 A US201213590996 A US 201213590996A US 2013084209 A1 US2013084209 A1 US 2013084209A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- weight
- white metal
- cobalt
- tin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/30—Alloys based on one of tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, indium, e.g. materials for providing sliding surfaces
- F16C2204/34—Alloys based on tin
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2322/00—Apparatus used in shaping articles
- F16C2322/12—Rolling apparatus, e.g. rolling stands, rolls
Definitions
- Embodiments and aspects of the present invention relate to tin based white metal alloys useful in various industrial applications, including the bushings of rolling mill oil film bearings.
- ASTM #2 The most prominent white metal alloy used in oil film bearings in the rolling mill field is described in ASTM B23 #2, (referred to here as ASTM #2) and is comprised primarily of tin, with antimony and copper, as alloying elements. ASTM #2 is well understood and is readily deposited onto bushing shells via centrifugal casting, spray deposition, or welding. Unfortunately, ASTM #2 has relatively low fatigue resistance, which limits load capacity of bearings made with this material.
- Nickel hardened white metal alloys have been used where common versions are referred to as Tuftin. These alloys can be cast and welded, but they contain Nickel, which is a heavy metal that is undesirable for environmental reasons.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,835 (Goddard) and U.K. Application No. 2146354 A disclose cobalt as a component of tin based white metal alloys that also include cadmium.
- Cadmium is a known carcinogen that has been banned from most workplaces and thus is undesirable.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,795,682 discloses a tin/cobalt alloy useful as a sacrificial coating designed to absorb particulates. Such coatings lack the toughness required for heavily loaded oil film bearing applications, and the disclosed use of cobalt at elevated percentage levels would inhibit the flow characteristics necessary in a casting or welding process.
- aspects of the present invention relate to a tin based white metal alloy that is universally useful in centrifugal casting, spraying, and welding applications.
- aspects of the present invention also relate to a tin based white metal alloy having the elevated strength and fatigue resistance required for use in heavily loaded oil film bearings of the type commonly found in the metals industry.
- aspects of the present invention further relate to a tin based white metal alloy that is low in toxicity and generally free from carcinogenic components, including cadmium and the like.
- aspects of the present invention may be achieved by replacing zinc and silver components of the alloy disclosed in the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 6,589,372 B1 with cobalt in amounts ranging between about 0.1%-0.7% by weight, with amounts ranging between 0.2% and 0.5% being considered optimal.
- FIG. 1 is a graph of laboratory test data comparing the alloy of the present invention with commonly used alloys in the Field.
- Embodiments of the present invention are not limited to use in the described systems.
- a tin based white metal alloy in accordance with the present invention includes as principal components tin, antimony, and copper, to which cobalt has been added. Addition of cobalt in amounts above approximately 0.7% by weight has been found to disadvantageously lower the fluidity of the resulting alloy. Thus, cobalt additions of between about 0.1%-0.7% by weight have been found to be effective in achieving the above-stated objectives, with additions of between about 0.2%-0.5% by weight being optimal.
- Tin based white metal alloys of the present invention consist essentially of the components listed in the following examples:
- alloys of the present invention may be centrifugally cast, and may also be drawn into wire for use in spraying or welding applications. Further, alloys of the present invention have the strength and fatigue resistance required for use in heavily loaded bearing applications, including the steel making industry applications, while being free of components that either are banned or otherwise detrimental.
- Fatigue resistance of white metal alloys can be determined experimentally through the use of tension/compression specimens that are cycled until failure. Laboratory test data comparing the alloy of the present invention with commonly used alloys in the field are illustrated in FIG. 1 . Based on test data the fatigue strength of the alloy containing 0.3% to 0.5% cobalt has excellent fatigue resistance, exceeding that of other alloys commonly used in the rolling mill application. Test data shown was determined in accordance with ASTM E 466 with an applied load of 7,500 psi (51.7 MPa) and test frequency of 10 Hz.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
A tin based white metal alloy consisting essentially by weight of approximately 5.0%-0-9.0% antimony, approximately 3.0%-8.0% copper, approximately 0.1%-0.7% cobalt, and the balance tin.
Description
- This application claims benefit, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e), of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/541,395, filed 30 Sep. 2011, the entire contents and substance of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- 1. Field
- Embodiments and aspects of the present invention relate to tin based white metal alloys useful in various industrial applications, including the bushings of rolling mill oil film bearings.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- The most prominent white metal alloy used in oil film bearings in the rolling mill field is described in ASTM B23 #2, (referred to here as ASTM #2) and is comprised primarily of tin, with antimony and copper, as alloying elements. ASTM #2 is well understood and is readily deposited onto bushing shells via centrifugal casting, spray deposition, or welding. Unfortunately, ASTM #2 has relatively low fatigue resistance, which limits load capacity of bearings made with this material.
- Various versions of Nickel hardened white metal alloys have been used where common versions are referred to as Tuftin. These alloys can be cast and welded, but they contain Nickel, which is a heavy metal that is undesirable for environmental reasons.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,589,372 B1 (Roeingh et al.) discloses use of a known tin based white metal alloy consisting essentially of antimony, copper, zinc, silver, and tin. The alloy of Roeingh is suitable for centrifugal casting applications. But due to the brittleness of the zinc component, this alloy cannot be readily drawn into wire for use in spray and welding applications.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,835 (Goddard) and U.K. Application No. 2146354 A disclose cobalt as a component of tin based white metal alloys that also include cadmium. Cadmium is a known carcinogen that has been banned from most workplaces and thus is undesirable.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,150,983 (Mori) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,512,24 (Tanake et al.) disclose alloys cobalt is employed along with chrome. The inclusion of chrome is impractical as it is not readily soluble under normal alloying conditions.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,795,682 (Turner et al.) discloses a tin/cobalt alloy useful as a sacrificial coating designed to absorb particulates. Such coatings lack the toughness required for heavily loaded oil film bearing applications, and the disclosed use of cobalt at elevated percentage levels would inhibit the flow characteristics necessary in a casting or welding process.
- Briefly described, aspects of the present invention relate to a tin based white metal alloy that is universally useful in centrifugal casting, spraying, and welding applications.
- Aspects of the present invention also relate to a tin based white metal alloy having the elevated strength and fatigue resistance required for use in heavily loaded oil film bearings of the type commonly found in the metals industry.
- Aspects of the present invention further relate to a tin based white metal alloy that is low in toxicity and generally free from carcinogenic components, including cadmium and the like.
- In one embodiment, aspects of the present invention may be achieved by replacing zinc and silver components of the alloy disclosed in the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 6,589,372 B1 with cobalt in amounts ranging between about 0.1%-0.7% by weight, with amounts ranging between 0.2% and 0.5% being considered optimal.
- These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
-
FIG. 1 is a graph of laboratory test data comparing the alloy of the present invention with commonly used alloys in the Field. - To facilitate an understanding of embodiments, principles, and features of the present invention, they are explained hereinafter with reference to implementation in illustrative embodiments. In particular, they are described in the context of being a novel and non-obvious tin-based white metal alloy.
- Embodiments of the present invention, however, are not limited to use in the described systems.
- The components and materials described hereinafter as making up the various embodiments are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many suitable components and materials that would perform the same or a similar function as the materials described herein are intended to be embraced within the scope of embodiments of the present invention.
- A tin based white metal alloy in accordance with the present invention includes as principal components tin, antimony, and copper, to which cobalt has been added. Addition of cobalt in amounts above approximately 0.7% by weight has been found to disadvantageously lower the fluidity of the resulting alloy. Thus, cobalt additions of between about 0.1%-0.7% by weight have been found to be effective in achieving the above-stated objectives, with additions of between about 0.2%-0.5% by weight being optimal.
- Tin based white metal alloys of the present invention consist essentially of the components listed in the following examples:
-
-
Antimony 5.0-9.0% by weight Copper 3.0-8.0% by weight Cobalt 0.1-0.7% by weight Tin Balance -
-
Antimony 6.0-8.0% by weight Copper 3.0-8.0% by weight Cobalt 0.1-0.7% by weight Tin Balance -
-
Antimony 6.0-8.0% by weight Copper 6.0-7.0% by weight Cobalt 0.1-0.7% by weight Tin Balance -
-
Antimony 6.0-8.0% by weight Copper 6.0-7.0% by weight Cobalt 0.2-0.5% by weight Tin Balance -
-
Antimony 6.0-8.0% by weight Copper 6.0-7.0% by weight Cobalt 0.2-0.5% by weight Tin Balance - The resulting alloys of the present invention may be centrifugally cast, and may also be drawn into wire for use in spraying or welding applications. Further, alloys of the present invention have the strength and fatigue resistance required for use in heavily loaded bearing applications, including the steel making industry applications, while being free of components that either are banned or otherwise detrimental.
- Fatigue resistance of white metal alloys can be determined experimentally through the use of tension/compression specimens that are cycled until failure. Laboratory test data comparing the alloy of the present invention with commonly used alloys in the field are illustrated in
FIG. 1 . Based on test data the fatigue strength of the alloy containing 0.3% to 0.5% cobalt has excellent fatigue resistance, exceeding that of other alloys commonly used in the rolling mill application. Test data shown was determined in accordance with ASTM E 466 with an applied load of 7,500 psi (51.7 MPa) and test frequency of 10 Hz. - While embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed in exemplary forms, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications, additions, and deletions can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and its equivalents, as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A tin based white metal alloy consisting essentially by weight of about 5.0% to 9.0% antimony, about 3.0 to about 8.0% copper, about 0.1% to about 0.7% cobalt, and the balance tin.
2. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the content of antimony is about 6.0% to about 8.0% by weight.
3. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the content of copper is about 6.0% to about 7.0% by weight.
4. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the content of cobalt is about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight.
5. The alloy of claim 1 adapted for us use in heavy load bearings for the steel fabrication industry.
6. The alloy of claim 1 adapted for us in heavy load bearings for the use in power generation equipment.
7. The alloy in claim 1 adapted for us for spray and welded formed bearings
8. The alloy of claim 1 adapted for use for cast formed Babbitt type bearings
9. A tin based white metal alloy consisting essentially by weight of about 6.0% to about 8.0% antimony, about 6.0% to about 7.0% copper, about 0.2 to about 0.5% cobalt, and the balance tin.
10. The alloy of claim 9 adapted for use in at least one of heavy load bearings for the steel fabrication industry; heavy load bearings for the use in power generation equipment;
spray and welded formed bearings; or cast formed Babbit type bearings.
Priority Applications (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/590,996 US20130084209A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-21 | White Metal Babbitt for Rolling Mill Bushing |
CA2850419A CA2850419A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-30 | White metal babbitt for rolling mill bushing |
JP2014533539A JP2014534335A (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-30 | White metal Babbit for rolling mill bush |
CN201280047334.3A CN103842532A (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-30 | White metal babbitt for rolling mill bushing |
EP12758948.9A EP2761043A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-30 | White metal babbitt for rolling mill bushing |
BR112014007510A BR112014007510A2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-30 | white patent metal (babbit) for rolling mill bushing |
RU2014117637/02A RU2014117637A (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-30 | BABBIT FOR BEARING BEARINGS FOR ROLLING MILLS |
MX2014003658A MX2014003658A (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-30 | White metal babbitt for rolling mill bushing. |
KR1020147007898A KR20140070562A (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-30 | White metal babbitt for rolling mill bushing |
PCT/US2012/053004 WO2013048664A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-30 | White metal babbitt for rolling mill bushing |
TW101135791A TW201326414A (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-28 | White metal babbitt for rolling mill bushing |
ARP120103609A AR088179A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-28 | A TIN BASED ALLOY |
IN1803DEN2014 IN2014DN01803A (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2014-03-10 | |
ZA2014/02160A ZA201402160B (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2014-03-24 | White metal babbitt for rolling mill bushing |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161541395P | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | |
US13/590,996 US20130084209A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-21 | White Metal Babbitt for Rolling Mill Bushing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130084209A1 true US20130084209A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
Family
ID=47992760
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/590,996 Abandoned US20130084209A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-08-21 | White Metal Babbitt for Rolling Mill Bushing |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130084209A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2761043A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2014534335A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20140070562A (en) |
CN (1) | CN103842532A (en) |
AR (1) | AR088179A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112014007510A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2850419A1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN2014DN01803A (en) |
MX (1) | MX2014003658A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2014117637A (en) |
TW (1) | TW201326414A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013048664A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201402160B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150219154A1 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | Multi-layered plain bearing |
CN115652137A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-01-31 | 中机智能装备创新研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Tin-based babbit alloy, preparation method thereof and bearing bush |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014038492A1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-13 | 株式会社クレハ | Carbonaceous material for negative electrode of nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery, process for producing same, and negative electrode and nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery obtained using said carbonaceous material |
CN103949614B (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2015-12-30 | 浙江机电职业技术学院 | The preparation method of the radial bearing shell product of opposite opened |
CN110227809B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2022-01-11 | 襄阳航力机电技术发展有限公司 | Centrifugal casting process of tin-based bearing alloy |
CN114058899A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-02-18 | 中机智能装备创新研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Preparation method of tin-based babbitt alloy |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3563732A (en) * | 1968-02-09 | 1971-02-16 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | Bearing alloys of tin based white metal |
US4140835A (en) * | 1976-06-23 | 1979-02-20 | The Glacier Metal Company Limited | Bearing materials |
JPS53131922A (en) | 1977-04-22 | 1978-11-17 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | Tinnbased white metal bearing alloy |
GB8324353D0 (en) | 1983-09-12 | 1983-10-12 | Darchem Ltd | Materials |
GB8617676D0 (en) | 1986-07-19 | 1986-08-28 | Ae Plc | Bearing alloys |
JP2761181B2 (en) | 1993-12-27 | 1998-06-04 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | Tin-based white metal bearing alloy with excellent heat and fatigue resistance |
DE19905213A1 (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2000-08-31 | Sms Demag Ag | bearings |
AT505664B1 (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-03-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | SLIDE BEARING ALLOY OF WHITE METAL ON TIN BASIS |
AT509112B1 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-09-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | SLIDING LAYER |
-
2012
- 2012-08-21 US US13/590,996 patent/US20130084209A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-08-30 EP EP12758948.9A patent/EP2761043A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-08-30 MX MX2014003658A patent/MX2014003658A/en unknown
- 2012-08-30 CN CN201280047334.3A patent/CN103842532A/en active Pending
- 2012-08-30 RU RU2014117637/02A patent/RU2014117637A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-08-30 WO PCT/US2012/053004 patent/WO2013048664A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-08-30 CA CA2850419A patent/CA2850419A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-08-30 KR KR1020147007898A patent/KR20140070562A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-08-30 JP JP2014533539A patent/JP2014534335A/en active Pending
- 2012-08-30 BR BR112014007510A patent/BR112014007510A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-09-28 TW TW101135791A patent/TW201326414A/en unknown
- 2012-09-28 AR ARP120103609A patent/AR088179A1/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-03-10 IN IN1803DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN01803A/en unknown
- 2014-03-24 ZA ZA2014/02160A patent/ZA201402160B/en unknown
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150219154A1 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | Multi-layered plain bearing |
US9435376B2 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2016-09-06 | Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh | Multi-layered plain bearing |
CN115652137A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-01-31 | 中机智能装备创新研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Tin-based babbit alloy, preparation method thereof and bearing bush |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX2014003658A (en) | 2014-05-21 |
KR20140070562A (en) | 2014-06-10 |
AR088179A1 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
WO2013048664A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
BR112014007510A2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
EP2761043A1 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
TW201326414A (en) | 2013-07-01 |
JP2014534335A (en) | 2014-12-18 |
RU2014117637A (en) | 2015-11-10 |
ZA201402160B (en) | 2015-05-27 |
CN103842532A (en) | 2014-06-04 |
CA2850419A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
IN2014DN01803A (en) | 2015-05-15 |
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Owner name: SIEMENS INDUSTRY, INC., GEORGIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SEELIG, KARL;REEL/FRAME:028974/0591 Effective date: 20120820 |
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