US20120328375A1 - Anchoring system and method - Google Patents
Anchoring system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120328375A1 US20120328375A1 US13/334,378 US201113334378A US2012328375A1 US 20120328375 A1 US20120328375 A1 US 20120328375A1 US 201113334378 A US201113334378 A US 201113334378A US 2012328375 A1 US2012328375 A1 US 2012328375A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tubular member
- internal passage
- chemical fastener
- subterranean substrate
- liquid state
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/80—Ground anchors
- E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates in general to anchors, and in particular to anchoring systems for securing equipment or structures to the ground, and/or stabilizing sections of soil within a subterranean substrate.
- conventional anchors are oftentimes pulled out of the ground because they exhibit low pull-out strength or resistance (i.e., resistance to force(s) that act to pull the anchors out of the ground).
- a conventional ground anchor is inconvenient and usually involves the digging of a hole, injecting cement into the hole to form a concrete foundation, and placing an anchoring post in the hole. Concrete is conventionally used as a foundation for a ground anchor to increase the pull-out resistance of the anchor.
- concrete is extremely alkaline and can cause severe second and third-degree burns when contacted with skin. Concrete is heavy and cumbersome to prepare and the setting of the concrete is dependent on temperature and weather conditions.
- the concrete During curing, the concrete must be kept moist and at the correct temperature or it may crack and become unsuitable as a foundation. After the concrete has set, if the soil is moist or wet, the concrete may heave more during the freeze-thaw cycle, reducing pull-out resistance and possibly causing cracking. Importantly, concrete shrinks in size as it cures, which leaves open spaces in the soil. As a result, settling of the concrete in the open spaces may occur, thereby increasing the risk that the concrete will crack. A cracked concrete foundation reduces the pull-out resistance of the anchor.
- the pull-out resistance of a conventional ground anchor is related to the cohesion of the soil surrounding the hole.
- Fine grained soils such as clay are considered cohesive and have cohesive strength.
- cohesive soil does not crumble and is plastic when moist.
- cohesive soil tends to be difficult to break up when dry, and exhibits significant cohesion when submerged.
- Cohesive soils include clay silt, sandy clay, silty clay and organic clay.
- non-cohesive soils are loose and have a larger particle size as compared to cohesive soils.
- a non-cohesive soil such as gravel or sand exhibits no plasticity, especially in a dry state.
- several conventional ground anchors are necessary to secure equipment or structures to non-cohesive and low or moderate cohesion soils.
- FIG. 1 a is a partial elevational/partial diagrammatic view of an anchoring system according to an exemplary embodiment, the anchoring system including an anchor and a chemical fastener.
- FIG. 1 b is a sectional view of the anchor of FIG. 1 a taken along line 1 b - 1 b , according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 1 c is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 b , according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the anchor of FIGS. 1 a - 1 c during the installation thereof into a subterranean substrate, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a partial elevational/partial diagrammatic view of the anchoring system of FIG. 1 a during the installation thereof into the subterranean substrate, the system including an injection gun and a static mixer, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the static mixer of FIG. 2 b , according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the anchoring system of FIGS. 1 a - 1 c after the installation thereof into the subterranean substrate, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 6 a is a partial perspective/partial diagrammatic view of an anchoring system according to another exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 6 b is an exploded view of the anchoring system of FIG. 6 a according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIGS. 6 c , 6 d , 6 e , 6 f , 6 g and 6 h are respective sectional views of the components of the anchoring system of FIGS. 6 a and 6 b , according to respective exemplary embodiments.
- FIGS. 7 a, 7 b , 7 c and 7 d are respective sectional views of the anchoring system of FIGS. 6 a - 6 h during the installation thereof into a subterranean substrate, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is an exploded view of an anchoring system according to yet another exemplary embodiment.
- FIGS. 9 a, 9 b, 9 c and 9 d are diagrammatic views of the anchoring system of FIG. 8 during the installation thereof into a subterranean substrate, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is an exploded view of an anchoring system according to still yet another exemplary embodiment.
- an anchoring system is generally referred to by the reference numeral 10 and is adapted to be installed into a subterranean substrate.
- the anchoring system 10 includes an anchor 12 and a liquid chemical fastener 14 .
- the chemical fastener 14 has liquid and cured states, and is adapted to be injected into, and flow out of, the anchor 12 , under conditions to be described below.
- the anchor 12 includes a tubular member 16 , which defines an internal passage 16 a and includes opposing end portions 16 b and 16 c , and an internal threaded connection 16 d at the end portion 16 c .
- An external flange 18 is connected to the end portion 16 b of the tubular member 16 , extending radially outwardly therefrom.
- the flange 18 is welded to the tubular member 16 .
- a plurality of axially-spaced grooves 20 are formed in the external surface of the tubular member 16 , with each groove 20 circumferentially extending around the tubular member 16 .
- a surface portion 16 e of the external surface of the tubular member 16 extends from the end portion 16 b to the grooves 20 , and a surface portion 16 f extends from the grooves 20 to the end portion 16 c .
- Axially-spaced surface portions 16 g of the external surface of the tubular member 16 are interposed between the grooves 20 .
- the surface portions 16 e , 16 f and 16 g are textured to promote engagement with subterranean substrates.
- the surface portions 16 e , 16 f and 16 g are knurled.
- the surface portions 16 e , 16 f and 16 g are ribbed with a diamond knurl so that the anchor 12 is more suitable for a particular type of soil, such as a rocky-clay type of soil.
- the amount and type of texturing applied to the surface portions 16 e , 16 f and 16 g are based on the type(s) of soil(s) in the subterranean substrate into which the anchor 12 is to be installed, and conditions associated therewith.
- a pointed tip 22 is connected to the tubular member 16 at the end portion 16 c thereof. More particularly, the pointed tip 22 defines a point 22 a , and includes an external threaded connection 22 b , which is threadably engaged with the internal threaded connection 16 d of the tubular member 16 .
- a plurality of radial openings, or radial outlets, 24 are formed in the tubular member 16 .
- the plurality of outlets 24 includes, but is not limited to, outlets 24 a , 24 b , 24 c and 24 d , which are clustered together proximate the end portion 16 c of the tubular member 16 .
- the plurality of outlets 24 are circumferentially spaced around, and axially spaced along, the tubular member 16 .
- the plurality of outlets 24 are spirally disposed around the tubular member 16 .
- the quantity, locations and/or sizes of the outlets in the plurality of outlets 24 are varied.
- a plurality of radial openings, or radial outlets, 26 are formed in the tubular member 16 .
- the plurality of outlets 26 includes, but is not limited to, outlets 26 a , 26 b , 26 c and 26 d , which are clustered together and axially disposed between the surface portion 16 e and the plurality of outlets 24 .
- the plurality of outlets 26 are circumferentially spaced around, and axially spaced along, the tubular member 16 .
- the plurality of outlets 26 are spirally disposed around the tubular member 16 .
- the quantity, locations and/or sizes of the outlets in the plurality of outlets 26 are varied.
- additional pluralities of outlets which may be substantially identical to the plurality of outlets 24 or 26 , are formed in the tubular member 16 .
- one of the pluralities of outlets 24 or 26 is omitted.
- the anchor 12 includes a single plurality of outlets formed in the tubular member 16 , which outlets are distributed around, and along, the tubular member 16 .
- a check valve 28 is positioned at the end portion 16 b of the tubular member 16 .
- the check valve 28 is configured to permit one-way fluid flow in a direction from above the flange 18 and into the internal passage 16 a , as indicated by an arrow 30 .
- the check valve 28 is, includes, or is part of, a grease fitting, grease nipple or zerk fitting.
- the check valve 28 is, includes, or is part of, a grease fitting, grease nipple, or zerk fitting, and thus includes a spring-loaded ball within a fluid passage, as well as an external threaded connection, which is threadably engaged with an internal threaded connection (not shown) at the end portion 16 b of the tubular member 16 .
- at least a portion of the check valve 28 is positioned within the internal passage 16 a at the end portion 16 b of the tubular member 16 .
- at least a portion of the check valve 28 is positioned outside of the tubular member 16 and immediately above the end portion 16 b thereof.
- the chemical fastener 14 has liquid and cured states, and is adapted to be injected into, and flow out of, the anchor 12 .
- the chemical fastener 14 is amorphous in nature and chemically inert.
- the chemical fastener 14 is a liquid thermosetting polymeric system.
- the chemical fastener 14 is a liquid two-component polymeric system.
- the chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer.
- the chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer commercially available as VersaFlex SL/75, from VersaFlex Incorporated, Kansas City, Kans.
- the chemical fastener 14 has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 has a gel time of at least about 30 seconds. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 has a gel time of less than about 60 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 has a gel time that ranges from about 15 seconds to about 60 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 has a gel time that ranges from about 30 seconds to about 60 minutes.
- the chemical fastener 14 has a pot life of less than about 1 minute. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 has a pot life of at least about 30 seconds. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 has a pot life that ranges from about 30 seconds to about 1 minute.
- the chemical fastener 14 has an initial cure time of about 60 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 has an initial cure time that ranges from about 15 minutes to about 120 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 has an initial cure time that ranges from about 30 minutes to about 60 minutes.
- the chemical fastener 14 has a tack free time that ranges from about 1 minute to about 5 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 has a tack free time that ranges from about 2 minutes to about 3 minutes.
- the chemical fastener 14 in its cured state has a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240%. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 in its cured state has a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240%, as measured using test method ASTM D638. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 in its cured state has a tensile strength that ranges from about 600 psi to about 1200 psi.
- the chemical fastener 14 in its cured state has a tensile strength that ranges from about 600 psi to about 1200 psi, as measured using test method ASTM D638. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener in its cured state has a tensile elongation that ranges from about 240% to about 500%. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener 14 in its cured state has a tensile elongation that ranges from about 240% to about 500%, as measured using test method ASTM D638.
- the aforementioned tensile strength range and tensile elongation range of the chemical fastener 14 are measured using test method ASTM D638 after the chemical fastener 14 has cured and been maintained at about 70° F. to about 77° F. for about seven days.
- the chemical fastener 14 is inert, does not shrink upon curing, and can be used in aqueous environments.
- the chemical fastener 14 is, or includes, polyurethane, polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyester, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyketone, polyolefins, (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-stryrene-acrylate, diphenylmethane, diisocyanate, polypropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol diamine, glycerin, aminated propoxylated polybutanediols, diethyltoluenediamine, amino functional reactive resins, and combinations thereof.
- the chemical fastener 14 includes polymers described in one or more of U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,797,789; 6,605,684; 6,399,736; 6,013,755; 5,962,618; 5,962,144; 5,759,695; 5,731,397; 5,616,677; 5,504,181; 5,480,955; 5,442,034; 5,317,076; 5,266,671; 5,218,005; 5,189,075; 5,189,073; 5,171,819; 5,162,388; 5,153,232; 5,124,426; 5,118,728; 5,082,917; 5,013,813; and 4,891,086, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference to the extent the incorporated disclosures are not inconsistent with the present disclosure.
- the chemical fastener 14 is, or includes, a polyurea elastomer system, a two-component aromatic and aliphatic polyurea elastomer system, an amorphous polymer system, and/or any combination thereof.
- the chemical fastener 14 is a single component system such as, but not limited to, a polyurethane adhesive made from water, prepolymerized polyisocyanate based on 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, diphenyl methane diisocyanate mixed isomer, toluene, phenyl isocyanate, and monochlorobenzene.
- the chemical fastener 14 is not a crystalline polymer such as, for example, a polyurethane system.
- the chemical fastener 14 neither is a conventional concrete or stucco type of material, nor is made of fly ash or limestone.
- the chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea system that is similar to that of epoxy type systems except that the two-component polyurea system does not have a true-glass transition temperature.
- the anchor 12 is positioned in a subterranean substrate 32 so that the flange 18 engages or nearly engages a ground surface 34 .
- at least a portion of the equipment or structure to be anchored by the anchoring system 10 may be connected to the tubular member 16 and/or the flange 18 , disposed between the flange 18 and the ground surface 34 , disposed between the flange 18 and the subterranean substrate 32 , and/or any combination thereof.
- the tubular member 16 is driven into the subterranean substrate 32 by first penetrating the ground surface 34 with the pointed tip 22 and then pushing the tubular member 16 downward, as viewed in FIG. 2 , until the flange 18 engages or nearly engages the ground surface 34 .
- a hole is drilled and then the anchor 12 is positioned in the hole.
- a static mixer 36 is connected to the check valve 28 .
- the static mixer 36 includes tubular members 38 and 40 , which are connected end-to-end via a coupling 42 .
- each of the tubular members 38 and 40 has an axial length of about 6 inches.
- the tubular members 38 and 40 define internal passages 38 a and 40 a , respectively, which are in fluid communication with each other via the coupling 42 .
- a fitting 44 defining an inlet 44 a is connected to the end of the tubular member 38 opposite the coupling 42 .
- An injection gun 46 which includes a mixing chamber 46 a , is in fluid communication with the inlet 44 a and thus with the internal passages 38 a and 40 a .
- the chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer and the injection gun 46 is, includes, or is part of, a Reactor E-10 Plural-Component Proportioner, which is available from Graco Inc. of Minneapolis, Minn.
- the chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer and the injection gun 46 is, includes, or is part of, a solvent or mechanical purge-type spray gun, such as a Series 450XT Snuff Back Valve, which is available from Nordson EFD, East Buffalo, R.I.
- the injection gun 46 is, includes, or is part of, embodiments disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
- a line 48 is connected to the fitting 44 , and defines an internal passage 48 a , which is in fluid communication with the internal passages 38 a and 40 a .
- a hydraulic connector 50 is connected to the end of the tubular member 40 opposite the coupling 42 .
- the hydraulic connector 50 is engaged with the check valve 28 .
- the hydraulic connector 50 is a grease fitting coupler and the check valve 28 engaged therewith is a grease fitting, grease nipple or zerk fitting.
- the chemical fastener 14 is mixed in the mixing chamber 46 a of the injection gun 46 .
- the injection gun 46 pressurizes the mixed chemical fastener 14 and injects the chemical fastener 14 in its liquid state into the inlet 44 a .
- the pressurized chemical fastener 14 in its liquid state flows through the internal passages 38 a and 40 a , through the check valve 28 , and into the internal passage 16 a of the tubular member 16 of the anchor 12 , as indicated by an arrow 52 in FIG. 3 .
- the flow of the mixed chemical fastener 14 through the internal passages 38 a and 40 a of the static mixer causes the chemical fastener 14 to be further mixed.
- the respective lengths of the internal passages 38 a and 40 a promote this further mixing of the chemical fastener 14 .
- the chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer
- the injection gun 46 injects the polyurea elastomer into the inlet 44 a at a fluid pressure of at least about or above 500 psi, up to about 40,000 psi, up to about 12,000 psi, from about 500 psi to about 12,000 psi, from above about 50 psi to about 5,000 psi, up to about 5,000 psi, or at about 2,000 psi, with an inlet air pressure of about 80 psi to about 130 psi.
- the check valve 28 permits the chemical fastener 14 in its liquid state to flow in the direction indicated by the arrow 52 , the check valve 28 prevents the chemical fastener 14 , and/or any other fluid, from flowing back up and out of the internal passage 16 a in a direction opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow 52 .
- the chemical fastener 14 flows downward in the internal passage 16 a of the tubular member 16 .
- the chemical fastener 14 then flows out into the subterranean substrate 32 via the plurality of outlets 24 , as indicated by arrows 54 a and 54 b , and also via the plurality of outlets 26 , as indicated by arrows 56 a and 56 b .
- the chemical fastener 14 continues to flow into voids formed within the portion of the subterranean substrate 32 that surrounds the tubular member 16 .
- the voids are formed in the subterranean substrate 32 because of natural fractures in the substrate 32 , and/or because of fractures that are formed due to the pressurized injection of the chemical fastener 14 into the substrate 32 .
- the gel time of the chemical fastener 14 is high enough to permit flow through the internal passages 38 a and 40 a for further mixing, through the internal passage 16 a and out into the subterranean substrate 32 , and through portions of the subterranean substrate 32 , before the chemical fastener 14 becomes too viscous to flow.
- the chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer, and the two components are heated to a temperature of about 60° F. to about 200° F. before, during or after the components are mixed in the mixing chamber 46 a .
- the chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer, and the two components are mixed in the mixing chamber 46 a , and further mixed while flowing through the internal passages 38 a and 40 a of the static mixer 36 .
- the gel time of the two-component polyurea elastomer is high enough to allow the polyurea elastomer to flow through the internal passages 38 a and 40 a for further mixing, through the internal passage 16 a and out into the subterranean substrate 32 , and through portions of the subterranean substrate 32 , before the polyurea elastomer becomes too viscous to flow.
- the chemical fastener 14 After being injected into the subterranean substrate 32 , the chemical fastener 14 eventually gels and thus stops flowing through the subterranean substrate 32 . Additionally, any portion of the chemical fastener 14 remaining in the internal passage 16 a of the tubular member 16 also gels.
- the amount of the chemical fastener 14 injected during installation of the anchoring system 10 depends on the anchoring requirements and properties of the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the amount of the chemical fastener 14 injected into the tubular member 16 is about 12 oz.
- the amount of the chemical fastener 14 injected during installation may range from about 0.1 oz. to about 10 gallons, from about 0.2 oz. to about 1 gallon, from about 0.2 oz. to about 20 oz., from about 0.2 oz., to about 15 oz., or from about 0.5 oz to about 24 oz.
- the amount of time during which the chemical fastener 14 is injected during installation may range from about 1 second to about 3 minutes, about 1 second to about 2 minutes, about 1 second to about 1 minute, about 1 second to about 30 seconds, about 1 second to about 20 seconds, and about 1 second to about 10 seconds. In an exemplary embodiment, the injection time takes less than about 60 seconds.
- the hydraulic connector 50 is disengaged from the check valve 28 , and the static mixer 36 and the injection gun 46 can be removed from the location of the anchor 12 .
- the static mixer 36 can be cleaned using the internal passage 48 a to convey solvent(s) to or from one or more of the inlet 44 a and the internal passages 38 a and 40 a.
- the chemical fastener 14 cures within the subterranean substrate 32 , and adheres to the subterranean substrate 32 and at least the surface portion 16 g of the external surface of the tubular member 16 . Additionally, any portion of the chemical fastener 14 remaining in the internal passage 16 a of the tubular member 16 also cures and adheres to the inside surface of the tubular member 16 . As a result of the foregoing curing, a conglomerate 58 is formed, the conglomerate 58 including the chemical fastener 14 and the portion of the subterranean substrate 32 adhered thereto. Via the cured chemical fastener 14 , the conglomerate 58 is adhered to at least the surface portion 16 g of the external surface of the tubular member 16 , as well as to the internal surface of the tubular member 16 .
- the conglomerate 58 forms a root-like pattern, an abstract annular shape, a prismatic shape, a spiral pattern, and/or any combination thereof.
- the pattern or shape of the conglomerate 58 is based on the type(s) of soil in the subterranean substrate 32 , as well as other conditions including, but not limited to, environmental conditions and soil properties.
- the conglomerate 58 adapts to the cohesion properties of the soil(s) in the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the chemical fastener 14 and thus the conglomerate 58 formed therefrom adjust and adapt to the cohesion properties of the soil(s) in the substrate 32 , forming patterns and/or shapes based on the properties of the soil(s).
- the anchoring system 10 anchors to the ground surface 34 the equipment or structure connected to, or otherwise engaged with, the anchor 12 .
- the anchor 12 resists any movement of such equipment or structure due to external forces acting thereupon and caused by, for example, high winds or inclement weather.
- the anchoring system 10 as a whole resists the pull-out of the anchor 12 from the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the pull-out resistance of the anchoring system 10 is due at least in part to the increased external surface area defined by the conglomerate 58 , which increased surface area contacts the remainder of the subterranean substrate 32 that is not part of the conglomerate 58 .
- the pull-out resistance of the anchoring system 10 is due at least in part to the ability of the conglomerate 58 to form pattern(s) and/or shape(s) based on the type(s) of soil in the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the pull-out resistance of the anchoring system 10 is due at least in part to the tensile strength and tensile elongation of the chemical fastener 14 , as well as the gel time of the chemical fastener 14 , particularly in view of the ability of the chemical fastener 14 to flow into the voids in the subterranean substrate 32 surrounding the tubular member 16 .
- the anchoring system 10 stabilizes the soil(s) within the subterranean substrate 32 . In an exemplary embodiment, during operation, the anchoring system 10 stabilizes non-cohesive and low or moderate cohesion soils within the subterranean substrate 32 . In an exemplary embodiment, during operation, the anchoring system 10 reduces the likelihood that the soil(s) within the subterranean substrate 32 will shift or otherwise undergo displacement.
- an anchoring system is generally referred to by the reference numeral 60 and includes the chemical fastener 14 and an anchor 62 .
- the anchor 62 includes an outer tubular member or casing 64 , a pointed tip 66 , a wedge 68 , an inner tubular member or sleeve 70 , a plurality of tubular members or rods 72 , a tubular rod support 74 , and a tubular member 76 .
- the outer tubular casing 64 defines an internal passage 64 a and includes opposing end portions 64 b and 64 c .
- An internal threaded connection 64 d is formed at the end portion 64 c .
- Diametrically-opposite radial openings, or radial outlets, 78 a and 78 b are formed in the outer tubular casing 64 .
- the outlets 78 a and 78 b are formed in the outer tubular casing 64 at a downwardly-directed angle, which angle is defined from the longitudinal center axis of the outer tubular casing 64 , and is directed from the center axis and towards the end portion 64 c.
- the pointed tip 66 defines a tip 66 a at one end, and includes an external threaded connection 66 b at the other end.
- the inner sleeve 70 defines an internal passage 70 a and includes opposing end portions 70 b and 70 c .
- Internal threaded connections 70 d and 70 e are formed at the end portions 70 b and 70 c , respectively.
- Diametrically-opposite radial openings, or radial outlets, 80 a and 80 b are formed in the inner sleeve 70 .
- the outlets 80 a and 80 b are formed in the inner sleeve 70 at a downwardly-directed angle, which angle is defined from the longitudinal center axis of the inner sleeve 70 , and is directed from the center axis and towards the end portion 70 c.
- the wedge 68 includes a cylindrical body 68 a in which an external threaded connection 68 b is formed.
- Wedge surfaces 68 c and 68 d extend from the cylindrical body 68 a and towards a splitting edge 68 e , at which the surfaces 68 c and 68 d converge or nearly converge.
- a guide groove 68 f ( FIG. 6 b ) is formed in the wedge surface 68 c , extending from the edge 68 e to the body 68 a .
- another guide groove that is substantially identical to the guide groove 68 f is formed in the wedge surface 68 d , and extends from the edge 68 e to the body 68 a .
- respective guide ribs extend along the wedge surfaces 68 c and 68 d , from the edge 68 e to the body 68 a.
- the tubular rod support 74 defines an internal passage 74 a and includes opposing end portions 74 b and 74 c .
- a cap 82 is part of, or is connected to, the longitudinal extent of the end portion 74 c of the tubular rod support 74 .
- the end portion 74 b is not capped and thus an inlet 74 d into the internal passage 74 a is defined at the end portion 74 b.
- the plurality of rods 72 which includes rods 72 a and 72 b , are connected to the cap 82 and extend axially away from the tubular rod support 74 .
- the rods 72 a and 72 b are substantially identical. More particularly, the rods 72 a and 72 b define internal passages 72 aa and 72 ba , respectively, each of which is in fluid communication with the internal passage 74 a of the tubular rod support 74 .
- the rods 72 a and 72 b include pointed tips 72 ab and 72 bb , which oppose the cap 82 .
- a plurality of radial openings, or radial outlets, 84 are formed in the rod 72 a . As shown in FIGS.
- the plurality of outlets 84 includes, but is not limited to, outlets 84 a , 84 b and 84 c , which are clustered together proximate the pointed tip 72 ab of the rod 72 a .
- the plurality of outlets 84 are circumferentially spaced around, and axially spaced along, the rod 72 a .
- the plurality of outlets 84 are spirally disposed around the rod 72 a .
- the quantity, locations and/or sizes of the outlets in the plurality of outlets 84 are varied.
- a plurality of radial openings, or radial outlets, 86 are formed in the rod 72 b .
- outlets 86 are substantially identical to the outlets 84 and therefore will not be described in further detail.
- additional pluralities of outlets which may be substantially identical to the plurality of outlets 84 or 86 , are formed in the rod 72 a and/or 72 b .
- one of the plurality of outlets 84 or 86 is omitted.
- the tubular member 76 defines an internal passage 76 a and includes opposing end portions 76 b and 76 c , and an enlarged outer diameter portion 76 d at the end portion 76 c .
- An end face 76 e of the tubular member 76 is defined by the enlarged outer diameter portion 76 d .
- the end face 76 e of the tubular member 76 is adapted to engage and apply a force against the extent of the end portion 74 b of the tubular rod support 74 , under conditions to be described below.
- An external threaded connection 76 f is formed in the enlarged outer diameter portion 76 d .
- a check valve 88 is positioned at the end portion 76 b of the tubular member 76 . As viewed in FIG. 6 h , the check valve 88 is configured to permit one-way fluid flow in a direction from above the end portion 76 b and down into the internal passage 76 a , as indicated by an arrow 90 .
- the check valve 88 is, includes, or is part of, a grease fitting, grease nipple or zerk fitting.
- the pointed tip 66 is connected to the outer tubular casing 64 by threadably engaging the external threaded connection 66 b with the internal threaded connection 64 d .
- the outer tubular casing 64 is then positioned in the subterranean substrate 32 so that the pointed tip 66 opposes the ground surface 34 .
- the outer tubular casing 64 is driven into the subterranean substrate 32 by first penetrating the ground surface 34 with the pointed tip 66 and then driving the outer tubular casing 64 downward, as viewed in FIG. 7 a .
- a hole is drilled and then the outer tubular casing 64 is positioned in the hole, with or without the pointed tip 66 .
- the plurality of rods 72 are positioned in the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the wedge 68 is positioned inside the inner sleeve 70 by threadably engaging the external threaded connection 68 b with the internal threaded connection 70 e so that the wedge surfaces 68 c and 68 d extend from the body 68 a and towards the end portion 70 b of the inner sleeve 70 .
- the wedge 68 is positioned in the inner sleeve 70 using one or more fasteners such as set screws, an interference fit between the body 68 a and the inside surface of the inner sleeve 70 , a shape fit between the body 68 a and the inside surface of the inner sleeve 70 , and/or any combination thereof.
- fasteners such as set screws, an interference fit between the body 68 a and the inside surface of the inner sleeve 70 , a shape fit between the body 68 a and the inside surface of the inner sleeve 70 , and/or any combination thereof.
- the inner sleeve 70 is inserted into the internal passage 64 a of the outer tubular casing 64 so that the outlets 80 a and 80 b in the inner sleeve 70 are radially aligned with the outlets 78 a and 78 b , respectively, in the outer tubular casing 64 .
- the inner sleeve 70 and/or the outer tubular casing 64 include one or more keys, guide slots, guide fins, and/or any combination thereof, in order to guide the inner sleeve 70 as it is inserted into the outer tubular casing 64 , and to prevent relative rotation therebetween, thereby ensuring that the outlets 80 a and 80 b are radially aligned with the outlets 78 a and 78 b , respectively.
- the rods 72 a and 72 b and the tubular rod support 74 connected thereto are then inserted into the inner sleeve 70 so that the pointed tips 72 ab and 72 bb contact, or nearly contact, the wedge surfaces 68 c and 68 d , respectively, and so that the edge 68 e is positioned between the rods 72 a and 72 b .
- the external threaded connection 76 f of the tubular member 76 is then threadably engaged with the internal threaded connection 70 d of the inner sleeve 70 , causing the tubular member 76 to move downward, as viewed in FIG. 7 b and indicated by an arrow 92 .
- the end face 76 e of the tubular member 76 contacts the extent of the end portion 74 b of the tubular rod support 74 .
- Continued threaded engagement causes the end face 76 e to bear against the extent of the end portion 74 b , thereby causing the tubular rod support 74 and thus the rods 72 a and 72 b to move downward as indicated by the arrow 92 .
- the rods 72 a and 72 b ride against the wedge surfaces 68 c and 68 d , respectively, causing the rods 72 a and 72 b to bend outwardly away from the longitudinal center axis of the internal passage 70 a of the inner sleeve 70 .
- the guide groove 68 f guides the rod 72 a as it bends
- the guide groove that is formed in the wedge surface 68 d and is substantially identical to the guide groove 68 f guides the rod 72 b as it bends.
- the foregoing movement is continued, thereby causing the rods 72 a and 72 b to bend further, the pointed tip 72 ab of the rod 72 a to pass through the radially-aligned outlets 80 a and 78 a and penetrate into the subterranean substrate 32 , and the pointed tip 72 bb of the rod 72 b to pass through the radially-aligned outlets 80 b and 78 b and penetrate into the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the foregoing movement is stopped either before or at the point when the external threaded connection 76 f can no longer be further threadably engaged with the internal threaded connection 70 d.
- the chemical fastener 14 is injected in its liquid state into the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the chemical fastener 14 is injected through the check valve 88 as indicated by an arrow 94 , through the internal passage 76 a of the tubular member 76 , through the internal passage 74 a of the tubular rod support 74 , through the respective internal passages 72 aa and 72 ba of the rods 72 a and 72 b and thus through the radially-aligned outlets 80 a and 78 a and the radially-aligned outlets 80 b and 78 b , through the pluralities of outlets 84 and 86 , respectively, and thus into the subterranean substrate 32 as indicated by arrows 96 , 98 , 100 and 102 .
- the chemical fastener 14 flows into voids present in the subterranean substrate 32 and surrounding the outer tubular casing 64 and the rods 72 a and 72 b .
- the voids are formed in the subterranean substrate 32 because of natural fractures in the substrate 32 , and/or because of fractures that are formed due to the pressurized injection of the chemical fastener 14 into the substrate 32 .
- the static mixer 36 is connected to the check valve 88 and thus the anchor 62 in a manner substantially identical to the manner described above in which the static mixer 36 is connected to the check valve 28 and thus the anchor 12 .
- the injection gun 46 injects the chemical fastener 14 into and through the anchor 62 , and into the subterranean substrate 32 in a manner substantially identical to the manner described above in which the injection gun 46 injects the chemical fastener 14 into and through the anchor 12 , and into the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the check valve 88 permits the chemical fastener 14 in its liquid state to flow in the direction indicated by the arrow 94 , the check valve 88 prevents the chemical fastener 14 , and/or any other fluid, from flowing back up and out from the internal passage 76 a in a direction opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow 94 .
- the chemical fastener 14 gels and then cures within the subterranean substrate 32 , and adheres to the subterranean substrate 32 and at least portions of the respective external surfaces of the outer tubular casing 64 and the rods 72 a and 72 b .
- any portion of the chemical fastener 14 remaining in the internal passage 76 a of the tubular member 16 cures and adheres to the inside surface of the tubular member 76
- any portion of the chemical fastener 14 remaining in the internal passage 74 a of the tubular rod support 74 cures and adheres to the inside surface of the tubular rod support 74
- any portion of the chemical fastener 14 remaining in the internal passage 72 aa of the rod 72 cures and adheres to the inside surface of the rod 72 a
- any portion of the chemical fastener 14 remaining in the internal passage 72 ba of the rod 72 cures and adheres to the inside surface of the rod 72 b.
- a conglomerate 104 is formed, the conglomerate 104 including the chemical fastener 14 and the portion of the subterranean substrate 32 adhered thereto.
- the conglomerate 104 is adhered to at least portions of the respective external surfaces of the outer tubular casing 64 and the rods 72 a and 72 b.
- the conglomerate 104 forms a root-like pattern, an abstract annular shape, a prismatic shape, a spiral pattern, and/or any combination thereof.
- the pattern or shape of the conglomerate 104 is based on the type(s) of soil in the subterranean substrate 32 , as well as other conditions including, but not limited to, environmental conditions and soil properties.
- the conglomerate 104 adapts to the cohesion properties of the soil(s) in the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the chemical fastener 14 and thus the conglomerate 104 formed therefrom adjust and adapt to the cohesion properties of the soil(s) in the substrate 32 , forming patterns and/or shapes based on the properties of the soil(s).
- the anchoring system 60 anchors to the ground surface 34 any equipment or structure(s) connected to, or otherwise engaged with, the anchor 62 .
- the anchor 62 resists any movement of such equipment or structure due to external forces acting thereupon and caused by, for example, high winds or inclement weather.
- the anchoring system 60 as a whole resists the pull-out of the anchor 62 from the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the pull-out resistance of the anchoring system 60 is due at least in part to the increased external surface area defined by the conglomerate 104 , which increased surface area contacts the remainder of the subterranean substrate 32 that is not part of the conglomerate 104 .
- the external surface area defined by the conglomerate 104 is greater than the external surface area defined by the conglomerate 58 (shown in FIG. 5 ) and, as a result, the pull-out strength or resistance of the anchoring system 60 is greater than that of the anchoring system 10 .
- the pull-out resistance of the anchoring system 60 is due at least in part to the ability of the conglomerate 104 to form pattern(s) and/or shape(s) based on the type(s) of soil in the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the pull-out resistance of the anchoring system 60 is due at least in part to the tensile strength and tensile elongation of the chemical fastener 14 , as well as the gel time of the chemical fastener 14 , particularly in view of the ability of the chemical fastener 14 to flow into the voids in the subterranean substrate 32 surrounding the outer tubular casing 64 and the rods 72 a and 72 b.
- the anchoring system 60 stabilizes the soil(s) within the subterranean substrate 32 . In an exemplary embodiment, during operation, the anchoring system 60 stabilizes non-cohesive and low or moderate cohesion soils within the subterranean substrate 32 . In an exemplary embodiment, during operation, the anchoring system 60 reduces the likelihood that the soil(s) within the subterranean substrate 32 will shift or otherwise undergo displacement.
- an anchoring system is generally referred to by the reference numeral 106 and includes the chemical fastener 14 and an anchor 108 .
- the anchor 108 includes several components of the anchor 62 of the anchoring system 60 , which components are given the same reference numerals.
- the pointed tip 66 is omitted in favor of a drill bit 110 , which is removably engaged with the outer tubular casing 64 at the end portion 64 c thereof.
- the drill bit 110 is first inserted into the internal passage 64 a at the end portion 64 b of the outer tubular casing 64 , and is then inserted through the internal passage 64 a until the drill bit 110 extends out from the end portion 64 c , as shown in FIG. 8 .
- the drill bit 110 is retractable so that it may be retracted up through the internal passage 64 a and out of the outer tubular casing 64 , in a direction from the end portion 64 c to the end portion 64 b .
- the drill bit 110 is collapsible and retractable so that it may be collapsed so as to have a smaller outside diameter or dimension, and then retracted up through the internal passage 64 a and out of the outer tubular casing 64 , in a direction from the end portion 64 c to the end portion 64 b.
- the remainder of the anchor 108 is substantially identical to the anchor 62 and thus will not be described in further detail.
- the outer tubular casing 64 is positioned in the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the drill bit 110 penetrates the ground surface 34 and drills into the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the outer tubular casing 64 is pulled downward, as viewed in FIG. 9 a , as the drill bit 110 drills into the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the outer tubular casing 64 is driven downward, as viewed in FIG. 9 a , as the drill bit 110 drills into the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the drill bit 110 continues to drill into the subterranean substrate 32 , and the outer tubular casing 64 continues to move downward as viewed in FIG. 9 b , until the outer tubular casing 64 is positioned at a desired location in the subterranean substrate 32 , relative to the ground surface 34 .
- the drill bit 110 is removed from the anchoring system 106 .
- the drill bit 110 is retracted up through the internal passage 64 a and out of the outer tubular casing 64 , in a direction from the end portion 64 c to the end portion 64 b .
- the drill bit 110 is collapsed so as to have a smaller outside diameter or dimension, and then retracted up through the internal passage 64 a and out of the outer tubular casing 64 , in a direction from the end portion 64 c to the end portion 64 b.
- the plurality of rods 72 of the anchor 108 is positioned in the subterranean substrate 32 by moving the tubular member 76 downward, as indicated by an arrow 111 in FIG. 9 d .
- the plurality of rods 72 of the anchor 108 is positioned in the subterranean substrate 32 in a manner substantially identical to the above-described manner in which the plurality of rods 72 of the anchor 62 is positioned in the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the chemical fastener 14 of the anchoring system 106 in its liquid state is injected into the subterranean substrate 32 .
- the chemical fastener 14 of the anchoring system 106 is injected into the subterranean substrate 32 in a manner substantially identical to the above-described manner in which the chemical fastener 14 of the anchoring system 60 is injected into the subterranean substrate 32 , with the chemical fastener 14 of the anchoring system 106 being injected through the check valve 88 as indicated by an arrow 112 , and subsequently out of the rods 72 a and 72 b and into the subterranean substrate 32 , as indicated by arrows 114 , 116 , 118 and 120 .
- the anchoring system 106 forms a conglomerate (not shown) in a manner substantially identical to the above-described manner in which the conglomerate 104 is formed. In an exemplary embodiment, the anchoring system 106 operates in a manner substantially identical to the above-described manner in which the anchoring system 60 operates.
- an anchoring system is generally referred to by the reference numeral 122 and includes the chemical fastener 14 and an anchor 124 .
- the anchor 124 includes several components of the anchor 62 of the anchoring system 60 , which components are given the same reference numerals. As shown in FIG. 10 with continuing reference to FIGS. 1 a - 9 e , an anchoring system is generally referred to by the reference numeral 122 and includes the chemical fastener 14 and an anchor 124 .
- the anchor 124 includes several components of the anchor 62 of the anchoring system 60 , which components are given the same reference numerals. As shown in FIG.
- the plurality of outlets 78 further includes a radial outlet 78 c that extends radially through the outer tubular casing 64 and another radial outlet (not shown) that extends radially through the outer tubular casing 64 and is diametrically opposed to the outlet 78 c , resulting in a total of four outlets in the plurality of outlets 78 .
- the plurality of outlets 80 further includes a radial outlet 80 c that extends radially through the inner sleeve 70 and another radial outlet (not shown) that extends radially through the inner sleeve 70 .
- the plurality of rods 72 includes rods 72 c and 72 d , which are connected to, and extend axially away from, the cap 82 of the tubular rod support 74 .
- Each of the rods 72 c and 72 d is substantially identical to the rod 72 a and thus also to the rod 72 b ; therefore, each of the rods 72 c and 72 d includes a plurality of radial openings, or radial outlets, which are formed in the rod and are clustered together proximate the respective pointed tip of the rod.
- the quantity of rods in the plurality of rods 72 may be increased or decreased.
- the anchor 124 includes a wedge 126 , which includes a cylindrical body 126 a and an external threaded connection 126 b .
- Channels 126 c and 126 d are formed in the cylindrical body 126 a , thereby defining an edge 126 e and an edge 126 f perpendicular thereto.
- Each of the edges 126 e and 126 f is perpendicular to the axial extension of the cylindrical body 126 a .
- the channel 126 c defines wedge surfaces 126 g and 126 h
- the channel 126 d defines wedge surfaces 126 i and 126 j .
- the surfaces 126 g and 126 i extend axially away from the external threaded connection 126 b and towards the edge 126 e .
- the surfaces 126 h and 126 j extend axially away from the external threaded connection 126 b and converge at the edge 126 f .
- two additional channels are formed in the body 126 a , and are identical to the channels 126 c and 126 d , respectively.
- the channels 126 c and 126 d are symmetric, about the edge 126 e , to the two additional channels.
- the channel 126 c and one of the two additional channels are symmetric, about the edge 126 f , to the channel 126 d and the other of the two additional channels.
- the remainder of the anchor 124 is substantially identical to the anchor 62 and thus will not be described in further detail.
- the anchoring system 122 is installed in the subterranean substrate 32 in a manner that is substantially identical to the above-described manner in which the anchoring system 60 is installed in the subterranean substrate 32 , except that, in the anchoring system 122 , the rods 72 c and 72 d are positioned in the subterranean substrate 32 along with the rods 72 a and 72 b , and the chemical fastener 14 is injected into the subterranean substrate 32 via the rods 72 c and 72 d , as well as the rods 72 a and 72 b . More particularly, during installation, the rods 72 a and 72 c extend within the channels 126 c and 126 d , respectively.
- the rod 72 a contacts the surface(s) 126 g and/or 126 h , bending and thus being directed out of the inner sleeve 70 and the outer tubular casing 64 via the radially-aligned openings 80 a and 78 a .
- the rod 72 c contacts the surface(s) 126 i and/or 126 j , bending and thus being directed out of the inner sleeve 70 and the outer tubular casing 64 via the radially-aligned openings 80 c and 78 c .
- rods 72 b and 72 d extend within the two additional channels (not shown) that are symmetric, about the edge 126 e , to the channels 126 c and 126 d , and thus are bent and are directed out of the inner sleeve 70 and the outer sleeve 64 via corresponding pairs of radially-aligned openings. Since the remainder of the installation of the anchoring system 122 is substantially identical to the above-described installation of the anchoring system 60 , the remainder of the installation of the anchoring system 122 will not be described in further detail.
- the anchoring system 122 operates in a manner substantially identical to the above-described manner in which the anchoring system 60 operates. Therefore, the operation of the anchoring system 122 will not be described in further detail.
- testing was conducted using an experimental embodiment of the anchoring system 10 .
- the experimental tubular member 16 had an outside diameter of about 0.5 inches, and an inside diameter of about 0.3 inches.
- the experimental chemical fastener 14 was a two-component polyurea elastomer commercially available as VersaFlex SL/75, from VersaFlex Incorporated, Kansas City, Kans.
- the experimental flange 18 had an outside diameter of about 1.625 inches, and an axial thickness of about 0.25 inches.
- the experimental plurality of outlets 24 included six outlets 24 arranged in a spiral pattern, with each of the outlets 24 having a diameter of about 0.16 inches.
- the experimental plurality of outlets 26 included six outlets 26 arranged in a spiral pattern, with each of the outlets 26 having a diameter of about 0.16 inches.
- the experimental plurality of outlets 24 was located about 2 inches above the experimental pointed tip 22 , and the experimental plurality of outlets 26 was located about 3.5 inches above the experimental pointed tip 22 .
- the experimental injection gun 46 included a Reactor E-10 Plural-Component Proportioner, which is available from Graco Inc. of Minneapolis, Minn., and a Series 450XT Snuff Back Valve, which is available from Nordson EFD, East Buffalo, R.I.
- the experimental hydraulic connector 50 was a grease gun tip.
- the experimental testing was conducted in an experimental subterranean substrate 32 that had a top layer of rocky soil and an under layer of rocky clay soil that was slightly damp.
- An experimental 1 ⁇ 2-inch diameter hole was drilled into the soil.
- the experimental tubular member 16 was manually forced into the predrilled hole.
- the experimental tubular member 16 was positioned in the soil so that the flange 18 was flush with the ground surface 34 .
- the chemical fastener 14 was heated to a temperature of about 100° F. to about 120° F. in the experimental injection gun 46 . After heating, the chemical fastener 14 was injected into the internal passage 16 a at a fluid pressure of about 2,000 psi for about 10 seconds.
- the volume of the chemical fastener 14 injected into the internal passage 16 a ranged from about 12 oz. to about 24 oz.
- Three experimental embodiments of the anchoring system 10 were tested, in accordance with the foregoing.
- the three experimental embodiments of the anchor system 10 were tested for vertical pull strength at least about 72 hours after the injection of the chemical fastener 14 .
- the experimental vertical pull strength was determined by a hoisting the flange 18 upward with a flatbed crane.
- the load was recorded with a Chatillon DFS-R-ND Dynamometer and a SLC-10000 load cell. Testing using the first experimental embodiment of the anchoring system 10 indicated a vertical pull strength of about 4,045 lbs. This was a surprising and unexpected result.
- Testing using the second experimental embodiment of the anchoring system 10 indicated a vertical pull strength of about 4,750 lbs. This was a surprising and unexpected result.
- Testing using the third experimental embodiment of the anchoring system 10 indicated a vertical pull strength of over 6,000 lbs. This was a surprising and unexpected result.
- the anchoring system 10 may achieve a minimum vertical pull strength of at least about 500 lbs in a rocky-clay soil when the tubular member 16 is about 16 inches in length and about 0.5 inches in outer diameter, the chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer, and about 12 oz. of the chemical fastener 14 is injected into the tubular member 16 .
- An anchoring method includes positioning a first tubular member in a subterranean substrate, the first tubular member defining a first internal passage; and forming, within the subterranean substrate, a conglomerate that is adhered to the first tubular member; wherein the conglomerate includes respective portions of the subterranean substrate and a chemical fastener in a cured state; and wherein forming the conglomerate includes injecting the chemical fastener in a liquid state into the first internal passage so that the chemical fastener in the liquid state flows from the first internal passage and into the subterranean substrate via at least a first radial opening formed in the first tubular member.
- the chemical fastener has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds, a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi in the cured state, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240% in the cured state.
- the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer.
- the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate.
- the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction; and wherein forming the conglomerate further includes preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
- injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage includes mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage; wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough.
- positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate includes driving the first tubular member into the subterranean substrate.
- positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate includes positioning a second tubular member in the subterranean substrate, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage; inserting the first tubular member into the second internal passage; and bending the first tubular member so that at least a portion thereof passes through a second radial opening formed in the second tubular member and penetrates the subterranean substrate; wherein the first radial opening is formed in the portion of the first tubular member and thus passes through the second radial opening.
- positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate further includes inserting a third tubular member into the second internal passage, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage; wherein the first tubular member is inserted into the third internal passage and thus into the second internal passage; and wherein, before passing through the second radial opening, the portion of the first tubular member passes through a third radial opening formed in the third tubular member, the third radial opening being radially aligned with the second radial opening.
- the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer; wherein injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage includes mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage, wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough; wherein the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate; and wherein forming the conglomerate further includes preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
- An anchoring system has been described that includes a first tubular member adapted to be positioned in a subterranean substrate, the first tubular member defining a first internal passage; a first radial opening formed in the first tubular member; a chemical fastener having liquid and cured states; a first configuration in which the first tubular member is positioned in the subterranean substrate, the chemical fastener is in the liquid state, and the chemical fastener is permitted to flow from the first internal passage and into the subterranean substrate via the first radial opening; and a second configuration in which the first tubular member is positioned in the subterranean substrate, the chemical fastener is in the cured state, and the anchoring system further includes a conglomerate adhered to the first tubular member, the conglomerate including respective portions of the subterranean substrate and the chemical fastener in the cured state.
- the chemical fastener has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds, a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi in the cured state, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240% in the cured state.
- the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer.
- the anchoring system includes a valve in fluid communication with the first internal passage; wherein the valve permits the chemical fastener in the liquid state to flow in a first direction into the first internal passage; and wherein the valve prevents the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
- the anchoring system includes a second tubular member, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage adapted to be in fluid communication with the first internal passage via at least the valve; and a mixing chamber adapted to be in fluid communication with the second internal passage; wherein, when the anchoring system is in the first configuration, the chemical fastener is permitted to be mixed in the mixing chamber, to flow from the mixing chamber and into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage and the valve, and to be further mixed during its flow through the second internal passage.
- the anchoring system includes a second tubular member adapted to be positioned in the subterranean substrate, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage in which a first portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend; and a second radial opening formed in the second tubular member through which a second portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend; wherein, when the second portion of the tubular member extends through the second radial opening, the first radial opening is located outside of the second tubular member.
- the anchoring system includes a third tubular member adapted to extend within the second internal passage, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage in which the first portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend and thus also extend in the second internal passage; a third radial opening formed in the third tubular member and adapted to be radially aligned with the second radial opening; wherein the second portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend through the second and third radial openings when the second and third radial openings are radially aligned.
- the anchoring system includes a tubular support connected to the first tubular member and adapted to extend within the third internal passage; wherein the tubular support and the first tubular member are movable within the third internal passage.
- the first tubular member is movable within the third internal passage; and wherein the anchoring system further includes a wedge adapted to be connected to the third tubular member, the wedge defining a surface against which the first tubular member is adapted to contact to thereby cause the second portion of the first tubular member to bend and extend through the second and third radial openings when the second and third radial openings are radially aligned.
- the anchoring system includes a valve in fluid communication with the first internal passage, wherein the valve permits the chemical fastener in the liquid state to flow in a first direction into the first internal passage, and wherein the valve prevents the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction; a second tubular member, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage adapted to be in fluid communication with the first internal passage via at least the valve; and a mixing chamber adapted to be in fluid communication with the second internal passage, wherein, when the anchoring system is in the first configuration, the chemical fastener in the liquid state is permitted to be mixed in the mixing chamber, to flow from the mixing chamber and into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage and the valve, and to be further mixed during its flow through the second internal passage; a third tubular member adapted to be positioned in the subterranean substrate, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage in which a first portion of the first tub
- An anchoring system includes means for positioning a first tubular member in a subterranean substrate, the first tubular member defining a first internal passage; and means for forming, within the subterranean substrate, a conglomerate that is adhered to the first tubular member; wherein the conglomerate includes respective portions of the subterranean substrate and a chemical fastener in a cured state; and wherein means for forming the conglomerate includes means for injecting the chemical fastener in a liquid state into the first internal passage so that the chemical fastener in the liquid state flows from the first internal passage and into the subterranean substrate via at least a first radial opening formed in the first tubular member.
- the chemical fastener has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds, a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi in the cured state, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240% in the cured state.
- the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer.
- the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate.
- the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction; and wherein means for forming the conglomerate further includes means for preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
- means for injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage includes means for mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and means for after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage; wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough.
- means for positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate includes means for driving the first tubular member into the subterranean substrate.
- means for positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate includes means for positioning a second tubular member in the subterranean substrate, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage; means for inserting the first tubular member into the second internal passage; and means for bending the first tubular member so that at least a portion thereof passes through a second radial opening formed in the second tubular member and penetrates the subterranean substrate; wherein the first radial opening is formed in the portion of the first tubular member and thus passes through the second radial opening.
- means for positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate further includes means for inserting a third tubular member into the second internal passage, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage; wherein the first tubular member is inserted into the third internal passage and thus into the second internal passage; and wherein, before passing through the second radial opening, the portion of the first tubular member passes through a third radial opening formed in the third tubular member, the third radial opening being radially aligned with the second radial opening.
- the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer; wherein means for injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage includes means for mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and means for after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage, wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough; wherein the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate; and wherein means for forming the conglomerate further includes means for preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
- the elements and teachings of the various illustrative exemplary embodiments may be combined in whole or in part in some or all of the illustrative exemplary embodiments.
- one or more of the elements and teachings of the various illustrative exemplary embodiments may be omitted, at least in part, and/or combined, at least in part, with one or more of the other elements and teachings of the various illustrative embodiments.
- any spatial references such as, for example, “upper,” “lower,” “above,” “below,” “between,” “bottom,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “angular,” “upward,” “downward,” “side-to-side,” “left-to-right,” “left,” “right,” “right-to-left,” “top-to-bottom,” “bottom-to-top,” “top,” “bottom,” “bottom-up,” “top-down,” etc., are for the purpose of illustration only and do not limit the specific orientation or location of the structure described above.
- steps, processes, and procedures are described as appearing as distinct acts, one or more of the steps, one or more of the processes, and/or one or more of the procedures may also be performed in different orders, simultaneously and/or sequentially.
- the steps, processes and/or procedures may be merged into one or more steps, processes and/or procedures.
- one or more of the operational steps in each embodiment may be omitted.
- some features of the present disclosure may be employed without a corresponding use of the other features.
- one or more of the above-described embodiments and/or variations may be combined in whole or in part with any one or more of the other above-described embodiments and/or variations.
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Abstract
An anchoring system and method according to which a tubular member is positioned in a subterranean substrate and a conglomerate is formed within the subterranean substrate, the conglomerate including respective portions of the subterranean substrate and a chemical fastener in a cured state. The conglomerate is adhered to the tubular member. To form the conglomerate, the chemical fastener in a liquid state is injected into an internal passage defined by the tubular member so that the chemical fastener flows from the internal passage and into the subterranean substrate via at least a first radial opening formed in the first tubular member.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/425,952, filed Dec. 22, 2010, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- The present disclosure relates in general to anchors, and in particular to anchoring systems for securing equipment or structures to the ground, and/or stabilizing sections of soil within a subterranean substrate.
- Frequent problems occur when high winds or other weather conditions cause the undesired movement of pieces of equipment and structures such as, for example, house trailers, tents, temporary buildings, secondary containment structures, and storage tanks including above ground storage tanks (ASTs). To prevent or resist such movement, conventional ground anchors are sometimes used to secure the equipment and structures to the ground.
- However, several problems can arise in connection with the use of conventional ground anchors. More particularly, conventional anchors are oftentimes pulled out of the ground because they exhibit low pull-out strength or resistance (i.e., resistance to force(s) that act to pull the anchors out of the ground). Additionally, a conventional ground anchor is inconvenient and usually involves the digging of a hole, injecting cement into the hole to form a concrete foundation, and placing an anchoring post in the hole. Concrete is conventionally used as a foundation for a ground anchor to increase the pull-out resistance of the anchor. However, concrete is extremely alkaline and can cause severe second and third-degree burns when contacted with skin. Concrete is heavy and cumbersome to prepare and the setting of the concrete is dependent on temperature and weather conditions. During curing, the concrete must be kept moist and at the correct temperature or it may crack and become unsuitable as a foundation. After the concrete has set, if the soil is moist or wet, the concrete may heave more during the freeze-thaw cycle, reducing pull-out resistance and possibly causing cracking. Importantly, concrete shrinks in size as it cures, which leaves open spaces in the soil. As a result, settling of the concrete in the open spaces may occur, thereby increasing the risk that the concrete will crack. A cracked concrete foundation reduces the pull-out resistance of the anchor.
- Further, the pull-out resistance of a conventional ground anchor is related to the cohesion of the soil surrounding the hole. Fine grained soils such as clay are considered cohesive and have cohesive strength. Generally, cohesive soil does not crumble and is plastic when moist. Moreover, cohesive soil tends to be difficult to break up when dry, and exhibits significant cohesion when submerged. Cohesive soils include clay silt, sandy clay, silty clay and organic clay. In contrast, non-cohesive soils are loose and have a larger particle size as compared to cohesive soils. A non-cohesive soil such as gravel or sand exhibits no plasticity, especially in a dry state. As a result, several conventional ground anchors are necessary to secure equipment or structures to non-cohesive and low or moderate cohesion soils.
- Still further, soil instability and displacement is present in many areas, reducing the ability of conventional ground anchors to sufficiently secure equipment and structures to the ground. Conventional methods for stabilizing soil typically involve the construction of retaining walls or other rigid or semi-rigid structural barriers. However, the construction of such walls or barriers is often expensive and time consuming.
- Therefore, what is need is an anchoring system or method that addresses one or more of the above-described problems, among others.
-
FIG. 1 a is a partial elevational/partial diagrammatic view of an anchoring system according to an exemplary embodiment, the anchoring system including an anchor and a chemical fastener. -
FIG. 1 b is a sectional view of the anchor ofFIG. 1 a taken along line 1 b-1 b, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 1 c is an enlarged view of a portion ofFIG. 1 b, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the anchor ofFIGS. 1 a-1 c during the installation thereof into a subterranean substrate, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 3 is a partial elevational/partial diagrammatic view of the anchoring system ofFIG. 1 a during the installation thereof into the subterranean substrate, the system including an injection gun and a static mixer, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the static mixer ofFIG. 2 b, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the anchoring system ofFIGS. 1 a-1 c after the installation thereof into the subterranean substrate, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 6 a is a partial perspective/partial diagrammatic view of an anchoring system according to another exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 6 b is an exploded view of the anchoring system ofFIG. 6 a according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIGS. 6 c, 6 d, 6 e, 6 f, 6 g and 6 h are respective sectional views of the components of the anchoring system ofFIGS. 6 a and 6 b, according to respective exemplary embodiments. -
FIGS. 7 a, 7 b, 7 c and 7 d are respective sectional views of the anchoring system ofFIGS. 6 a-6 h during the installation thereof into a subterranean substrate, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of an anchoring system according to yet another exemplary embodiment. -
FIGS. 9 a, 9 b, 9 c and 9 d are diagrammatic views of the anchoring system ofFIG. 8 during the installation thereof into a subterranean substrate, according to an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 10 is an exploded view of an anchoring system according to still yet another exemplary embodiment. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, an anchoring system is generally referred to by thereference numeral 10 and is adapted to be installed into a subterranean substrate. Theanchoring system 10 includes ananchor 12 and a liquidchemical fastener 14. Thechemical fastener 14 has liquid and cured states, and is adapted to be injected into, and flow out of, theanchor 12, under conditions to be described below. Theanchor 12 includes atubular member 16, which defines aninternal passage 16 a and includesopposing end portions connection 16 d at theend portion 16 c. Anexternal flange 18 is connected to theend portion 16 b of thetubular member 16, extending radially outwardly therefrom. In an exemplary embodiment, theflange 18 is welded to thetubular member 16. A plurality of axially-spacedgrooves 20 are formed in the external surface of thetubular member 16, with eachgroove 20 circumferentially extending around thetubular member 16. Asurface portion 16 e of the external surface of thetubular member 16 extends from theend portion 16 b to thegrooves 20, and asurface portion 16 f extends from thegrooves 20 to theend portion 16 c. Axially-spacedsurface portions 16 g of the external surface of thetubular member 16 are interposed between thegrooves 20. Thesurface portions surface portions surface portions anchor 12 is more suitable for a particular type of soil, such as a rocky-clay type of soil. In several exemplary embodiments, the amount and type of texturing applied to thesurface portions anchor 12 is to be installed, and conditions associated therewith. - A
pointed tip 22 is connected to thetubular member 16 at theend portion 16 c thereof. More particularly, thepointed tip 22 defines apoint 22 a, and includes an external threadedconnection 22 b, which is threadably engaged with the internal threadedconnection 16 d of thetubular member 16. - A plurality of radial openings, or radial outlets, 24 are formed in the
tubular member 16. As shown inFIGS. 1 a and 1 b, the plurality ofoutlets 24 includes, but is not limited to,outlets end portion 16 c of thetubular member 16. The plurality ofoutlets 24 are circumferentially spaced around, and axially spaced along, thetubular member 16. In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality ofoutlets 24 are spirally disposed around thetubular member 16. In several exemplary embodiments, the quantity, locations and/or sizes of the outlets in the plurality ofoutlets 24 are varied. - A plurality of radial openings, or radial outlets, 26 are formed in the
tubular member 16. As shown inFIGS. 1 a and 1 b, the plurality ofoutlets 26 includes, but is not limited to,outlets surface portion 16 e and the plurality ofoutlets 24. The plurality ofoutlets 26 are circumferentially spaced around, and axially spaced along, thetubular member 16. In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality ofoutlets 26 are spirally disposed around thetubular member 16. In several exemplary embodiments, the quantity, locations and/or sizes of the outlets in the plurality ofoutlets 26 are varied. - In several exemplary embodiments, additional pluralities of outlets, which may be substantially identical to the plurality of
outlets tubular member 16. In an exemplary embodiment, one of the pluralities ofoutlets anchor 12 includes a single plurality of outlets formed in thetubular member 16, which outlets are distributed around, and along, thetubular member 16. - As shown in
FIG. 1 c, acheck valve 28 is positioned at theend portion 16 b of thetubular member 16. As viewed inFIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, thecheck valve 28 is configured to permit one-way fluid flow in a direction from above theflange 18 and into theinternal passage 16 a, as indicated by anarrow 30. In an exemplary embodiment, thecheck valve 28 is, includes, or is part of, a grease fitting, grease nipple or zerk fitting. In an exemplary embodiment, thecheck valve 28 is, includes, or is part of, a grease fitting, grease nipple, or zerk fitting, and thus includes a spring-loaded ball within a fluid passage, as well as an external threaded connection, which is threadably engaged with an internal threaded connection (not shown) at theend portion 16 b of thetubular member 16. In an exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of thecheck valve 28 is positioned within theinternal passage 16 a at theend portion 16 b of thetubular member 16. In an exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of thecheck valve 28 is positioned outside of thetubular member 16 and immediately above theend portion 16 b thereof. - As noted above, the
chemical fastener 14 has liquid and cured states, and is adapted to be injected into, and flow out of, theanchor 12. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 is amorphous in nature and chemically inert. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 is a liquid thermosetting polymeric system. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 is a liquid two-component polymeric system. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer commercially available as VersaFlex SL/75, from VersaFlex Incorporated, Kansas City, Kans. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
chemical fastener 14 has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 has a gel time of at least about 30 seconds. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 has a gel time of less than about 60 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 has a gel time that ranges from about 15 seconds to about 60 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 has a gel time that ranges from about 30 seconds to about 60 minutes. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
chemical fastener 14 has a pot life of less than about 1 minute. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 has a pot life of at least about 30 seconds. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 has a pot life that ranges from about 30 seconds to about 1 minute. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
chemical fastener 14 has an initial cure time of about 60 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 has an initial cure time that ranges from about 15 minutes to about 120 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 has an initial cure time that ranges from about 30 minutes to about 60 minutes. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
chemical fastener 14 has a tack free time that ranges from about 1 minute to about 5 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 has a tack free time that ranges from about 2 minutes to about 3 minutes. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
chemical fastener 14 in its cured state has a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240%. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 in its cured state has a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240%, as measured using test method ASTM D638. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 in its cured state has a tensile strength that ranges from about 600 psi to about 1200 psi. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 in its cured state has a tensile strength that ranges from about 600 psi to about 1200 psi, as measured using test method ASTM D638. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener in its cured state has a tensile elongation that ranges from about 240% to about 500%. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 in its cured state has a tensile elongation that ranges from about 240% to about 500%, as measured using test method ASTM D638. In an exemplary embodiment, the aforementioned tensile strength range and tensile elongation range of thechemical fastener 14 are measured using test method ASTM D638 after thechemical fastener 14 has cured and been maintained at about 70° F. to about 77° F. for about seven days. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
chemical fastener 14 is inert, does not shrink upon curing, and can be used in aqueous environments. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
chemical fastener 14 is, or includes, polyurethane, polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyester, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyketone, polyolefins, (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-stryrene-acrylate, diphenylmethane, diisocyanate, polypropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol diamine, glycerin, aminated propoxylated polybutanediols, diethyltoluenediamine, amino functional reactive resins, and combinations thereof. In several exemplary embodiments, thechemical fastener 14 includes polymers described in one or more of U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,797,789; 6,605,684; 6,399,736; 6,013,755; 5,962,618; 5,962,144; 5,759,695; 5,731,397; 5,616,677; 5,504,181; 5,480,955; 5,442,034; 5,317,076; 5,266,671; 5,218,005; 5,189,075; 5,189,073; 5,171,819; 5,162,388; 5,153,232; 5,124,426; 5,118,728; 5,082,917; 5,013,813; and 4,891,086, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference to the extent the incorporated disclosures are not inconsistent with the present disclosure. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
chemical fastener 14 is, or includes, a polyurea elastomer system, a two-component aromatic and aliphatic polyurea elastomer system, an amorphous polymer system, and/or any combination thereof. In several exemplary embodiments, thechemical fastener 14 is a single component system such as, but not limited to, a polyurethane adhesive made from water, prepolymerized polyisocyanate based on 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, diphenyl methane diisocyanate mixed isomer, toluene, phenyl isocyanate, and monochlorobenzene. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 is not a crystalline polymer such as, for example, a polyurethane system. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 neither is a conventional concrete or stucco type of material, nor is made of fly ash or limestone. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea system that is similar to that of epoxy type systems except that the two-component polyurea system does not have a true-glass transition temperature. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 2 with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-1 c, to install theanchoring system 10, theanchor 12 is positioned in asubterranean substrate 32 so that theflange 18 engages or nearly engages aground surface 34. In an exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the equipment or structure to be anchored by the anchoringsystem 10 may be connected to thetubular member 16 and/or theflange 18, disposed between theflange 18 and theground surface 34, disposed between theflange 18 and thesubterranean substrate 32, and/or any combination thereof. - In an exemplary embodiment, to position the
anchor 12 in thesubterranean substrate 32, thetubular member 16 is driven into thesubterranean substrate 32 by first penetrating theground surface 34 with the pointedtip 22 and then pushing thetubular member 16 downward, as viewed inFIG. 2 , until theflange 18 engages or nearly engages theground surface 34. In an exemplary embodiment, to position theanchor 12 in thesubterranean substrate 32, a hole is drilled and then theanchor 12 is positioned in the hole. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIGS. 3 and 4 with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-2, before, during or after theanchor 12 has been positioned in thesubterranean substrate 32, astatic mixer 36 is connected to thecheck valve 28. - More particularly, the
static mixer 36 includestubular members coupling 42. In an exemplary embodiment, each of thetubular members tubular members internal passages coupling 42. A fitting 44 defining aninlet 44 a is connected to the end of thetubular member 38 opposite thecoupling 42. Aninjection gun 46, which includes a mixingchamber 46 a, is in fluid communication with theinlet 44 a and thus with theinternal passages chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer and theinjection gun 46 is, includes, or is part of, a Reactor E-10 Plural-Component Proportioner, which is available from Graco Inc. of Minneapolis, Minn. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer and theinjection gun 46 is, includes, or is part of, a solvent or mechanical purge-type spray gun, such as a Series 450XT Snuff Back Valve, which is available from Nordson EFD, East Providence, R.I. In several exemplary embodiments, theinjection gun 46 is, includes, or is part of, embodiments disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,072,862; 4,538,920; 4,767,026; 6,135,631; 5,535,922; 5,875,928; 6,244,740; 3,166,221; 3,828,980; 6,601,782; and 7,815,384, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference to the extent the incorporated disclosures are not inconsistent with the present disclosure. Aline 48 is connected to the fitting 44, and defines aninternal passage 48 a, which is in fluid communication with theinternal passages hydraulic connector 50 is connected to the end of thetubular member 40 opposite thecoupling 42. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , to connect thestatic mixer 36 to thecheck valve 28, thehydraulic connector 50 is engaged with thecheck valve 28. In an exemplary embodiment, thehydraulic connector 50 is a grease fitting coupler and thecheck valve 28 engaged therewith is a grease fitting, grease nipple or zerk fitting. - In an exemplary embodiment, with continuing reference to
FIGS. 3 and 4 , before, during or after thestatic mixer 36 has been connected to thecheck valve 28, thechemical fastener 14 is mixed in the mixingchamber 46 a of theinjection gun 46. After this mixing and the connection of thestatic mixer 36 to thecheck valve 28, theinjection gun 46 pressurizes themixed chemical fastener 14 and injects thechemical fastener 14 in its liquid state into theinlet 44 a. As a result, thepressurized chemical fastener 14 in its liquid state flows through theinternal passages check valve 28, and into theinternal passage 16 a of thetubular member 16 of theanchor 12, as indicated by anarrow 52 inFIG. 3 . The flow of themixed chemical fastener 14 through theinternal passages chemical fastener 14 to be further mixed. The respective lengths of theinternal passages chemical fastener 14. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer, and theinjection gun 46 injects the polyurea elastomer into theinlet 44 a at a fluid pressure of at least about or above 500 psi, up to about 40,000 psi, up to about 12,000 psi, from about 500 psi to about 12,000 psi, from above about 50 psi to about 5,000 psi, up to about 5,000 psi, or at about 2,000 psi, with an inlet air pressure of about 80 psi to about 130 psi. Although thecheck valve 28 permits thechemical fastener 14 in its liquid state to flow in the direction indicated by thearrow 52, thecheck valve 28 prevents thechemical fastener 14, and/or any other fluid, from flowing back up and out of theinternal passage 16 a in a direction opposite to the direction indicated by thearrow 52. - As indicated by the
arrow 52, thechemical fastener 14 flows downward in theinternal passage 16 a of thetubular member 16. Thechemical fastener 14 then flows out into thesubterranean substrate 32 via the plurality ofoutlets 24, as indicated byarrows outlets 26, as indicated byarrows tubular member 16 via the pluralities ofoutlets chemical fastener 14 continues to flow into voids formed within the portion of thesubterranean substrate 32 that surrounds thetubular member 16. In an exemplary embodiment, the voids are formed in thesubterranean substrate 32 because of natural fractures in thesubstrate 32, and/or because of fractures that are formed due to the pressurized injection of thechemical fastener 14 into thesubstrate 32. - The gel time of the
chemical fastener 14 is high enough to permit flow through theinternal passages internal passage 16 a and out into thesubterranean substrate 32, and through portions of thesubterranean substrate 32, before thechemical fastener 14 becomes too viscous to flow. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
chemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer, and the two components are heated to a temperature of about 60° F. to about 200° F. before, during or after the components are mixed in the mixingchamber 46 a. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer, and the two components are mixed in the mixingchamber 46 a, and further mixed while flowing through theinternal passages static mixer 36. The gel time of the two-component polyurea elastomer is high enough to allow the polyurea elastomer to flow through theinternal passages internal passage 16 a and out into thesubterranean substrate 32, and through portions of thesubterranean substrate 32, before the polyurea elastomer becomes too viscous to flow. After being injected into thesubterranean substrate 32, thechemical fastener 14 eventually gels and thus stops flowing through thesubterranean substrate 32. Additionally, any portion of thechemical fastener 14 remaining in theinternal passage 16 a of thetubular member 16 also gels. - In several exemplary embodiments, the amount of the
chemical fastener 14 injected during installation of theanchoring system 10 depends on the anchoring requirements and properties of thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of thechemical fastener 14 injected into thetubular member 16 is about 12 oz. In several exemplary embodiments, the amount of thechemical fastener 14 injected during installation may range from about 0.1 oz. to about 10 gallons, from about 0.2 oz. to about 1 gallon, from about 0.2 oz. to about 20 oz., from about 0.2 oz., to about 15 oz., or from about 0.5 oz to about 24 oz. - In several exemplary embodiments, the amount of time during which the
chemical fastener 14 is injected during installation may range from about 1 second to about 3 minutes, about 1 second to about 2 minutes, about 1 second to about 1 minute, about 1 second to about 30 seconds, about 1 second to about 20 seconds, and about 1 second to about 10 seconds. In an exemplary embodiment, the injection time takes less than about 60 seconds. - After a sufficient quantity of the
chemical fastener 14 has been injected intointernal passage 16 a of thetubular member 16 and thus into thesubterranean substrate 32, thehydraulic connector 50 is disengaged from thecheck valve 28, and thestatic mixer 36 and theinjection gun 46 can be removed from the location of theanchor 12. Before, during or after the injection of thechemical fastener 14 through theinlet 44 a and theinternal passages static mixer 36 can be cleaned using theinternal passage 48 a to convey solvent(s) to or from one or more of theinlet 44 a and theinternal passages - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 5 with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-4, after gelling, thechemical fastener 14 cures within thesubterranean substrate 32, and adheres to thesubterranean substrate 32 and at least thesurface portion 16 g of the external surface of thetubular member 16. Additionally, any portion of thechemical fastener 14 remaining in theinternal passage 16 a of thetubular member 16 also cures and adheres to the inside surface of thetubular member 16. As a result of the foregoing curing, a conglomerate 58 is formed, the conglomerate 58 including thechemical fastener 14 and the portion of thesubterranean substrate 32 adhered thereto. Via the curedchemical fastener 14, the conglomerate 58 is adhered to at least thesurface portion 16 g of the external surface of thetubular member 16, as well as to the internal surface of thetubular member 16. - In several exemplary embodiments, the conglomerate 58 forms a root-like pattern, an abstract annular shape, a prismatic shape, a spiral pattern, and/or any combination thereof. In several exemplary embodiments, the pattern or shape of the conglomerate 58 is based on the type(s) of soil in the
subterranean substrate 32, as well as other conditions including, but not limited to, environmental conditions and soil properties. In several exemplary embodiments, the conglomerate 58 adapts to the cohesion properties of the soil(s) in thesubterranean substrate 32. More particularly, by flowing into the voids within thesubterranean substrate 32, thechemical fastener 14 and thus the conglomerate 58 formed therefrom adjust and adapt to the cohesion properties of the soil(s) in thesubstrate 32, forming patterns and/or shapes based on the properties of the soil(s). - In an exemplary embodiment, after installation and in operation, the anchoring
system 10 anchors to theground surface 34 the equipment or structure connected to, or otherwise engaged with, theanchor 12. Theanchor 12 resists any movement of such equipment or structure due to external forces acting thereupon and caused by, for example, high winds or inclement weather. To resist such movement, the anchoringsystem 10 as a whole resists the pull-out of theanchor 12 from thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, the pull-out resistance of theanchoring system 10 is due at least in part to the increased external surface area defined by the conglomerate 58, which increased surface area contacts the remainder of thesubterranean substrate 32 that is not part of the conglomerate 58. In an exemplary embodiment, the pull-out resistance of theanchoring system 10 is due at least in part to the ability of the conglomerate 58 to form pattern(s) and/or shape(s) based on the type(s) of soil in thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, the pull-out resistance of theanchoring system 10 is due at least in part to the tensile strength and tensile elongation of thechemical fastener 14, as well as the gel time of thechemical fastener 14, particularly in view of the ability of thechemical fastener 14 to flow into the voids in thesubterranean substrate 32 surrounding thetubular member 16. - In an exemplary embodiment, after installation and in operation, the anchoring
system 10 stabilizes the soil(s) within thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, during operation, the anchoringsystem 10 stabilizes non-cohesive and low or moderate cohesion soils within thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, during operation, the anchoringsystem 10 reduces the likelihood that the soil(s) within thesubterranean substrate 32 will shift or otherwise undergo displacement. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIGS. 6 a and 6 b with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-5, an anchoring system is generally referred to by thereference numeral 60 and includes thechemical fastener 14 and ananchor 62. Theanchor 62 includes an outer tubular member orcasing 64, apointed tip 66, awedge 68, an inner tubular member orsleeve 70, a plurality of tubular members orrods 72, atubular rod support 74, and atubular member 76. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIGS. 6 a, 6 b and 6 c with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-5, the outertubular casing 64 defines aninternal passage 64 a and includes opposingend portions connection 64 d is formed at theend portion 64 c. Diametrically-opposite radial openings, or radial outlets, 78 a and 78 b are formed in the outertubular casing 64. In an exemplary embodiment, theoutlets tubular casing 64 at a downwardly-directed angle, which angle is defined from the longitudinal center axis of the outertubular casing 64, and is directed from the center axis and towards theend portion 64 c. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 6 d with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-6 c, the pointedtip 66 defines atip 66 a at one end, and includes an external threadedconnection 66 b at the other end. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIGS. 6 b and 6 e with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-6 a, theinner sleeve 70 defines aninternal passage 70 a and includes opposingend portions connections end portions inner sleeve 70. In an exemplary embodiment, theoutlets inner sleeve 70 at a downwardly-directed angle, which angle is defined from the longitudinal center axis of theinner sleeve 70, and is directed from the center axis and towards theend portion 70 c. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIGS. 6 b and 6 f with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-6 a, thewedge 68 includes acylindrical body 68 a in which an external threadedconnection 68 b is formed. Wedge surfaces 68 c and 68 d extend from thecylindrical body 68 a and towards a splittingedge 68 e, at which thesurfaces guide groove 68 f (FIG. 6 b) is formed in thewedge surface 68 c, extending from theedge 68 e to thebody 68 a. Although not shown, another guide groove that is substantially identical to theguide groove 68 f is formed in thewedge surface 68 d, and extends from theedge 68 e to thebody 68 a. In an exemplary embodiment, instead of, or in addition to, theguide groove 68 f and the guide groove substantially identical thereto that is formed in thesurface 68 d, respective guide ribs extend along the wedge surfaces 68 c and 68 d, from theedge 68 e to thebody 68 a. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIGS. 6 b and 6 g with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-6 a, thetubular rod support 74 defines aninternal passage 74 a and includes opposingend portions cap 82 is part of, or is connected to, the longitudinal extent of theend portion 74 c of thetubular rod support 74. In contrast, theend portion 74 b is not capped and thus aninlet 74 d into theinternal passage 74 a is defined at theend portion 74 b. - The plurality of
rods 72, which includesrods cap 82 and extend axially away from thetubular rod support 74. Therods rods internal passages 72 aa and 72 ba, respectively, each of which is in fluid communication with theinternal passage 74 a of thetubular rod support 74. Therods tips 72 ab and 72 bb, which oppose thecap 82. A plurality of radial openings, or radial outlets, 84 are formed in therod 72 a. As shown inFIGS. 6 b and 6 g, the plurality ofoutlets 84 includes, but is not limited to,outlets tip 72 ab of therod 72 a. The plurality ofoutlets 84 are circumferentially spaced around, and axially spaced along, therod 72 a. In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality ofoutlets 84 are spirally disposed around therod 72 a. In several exemplary embodiments, the quantity, locations and/or sizes of the outlets in the plurality ofoutlets 84 are varied. A plurality of radial openings, or radial outlets, 86 are formed in therod 72 b. Theoutlets 86 are substantially identical to theoutlets 84 and therefore will not be described in further detail. In several exemplary embodiments, additional pluralities of outlets, which may be substantially identical to the plurality ofoutlets rod 72 a and/or 72 b. In an exemplary embodiment, one of the plurality ofoutlets - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIGS. 6 a, 6 b and 6 h with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-5, thetubular member 76 defines aninternal passage 76 a and includes opposingend portions outer diameter portion 76 d at theend portion 76 c. An end face 76 e of thetubular member 76 is defined by the enlargedouter diameter portion 76 d. The end face 76 e of thetubular member 76 is adapted to engage and apply a force against the extent of theend portion 74 b of thetubular rod support 74, under conditions to be described below. An external threadedconnection 76 f is formed in the enlargedouter diameter portion 76 d. Acheck valve 88 is positioned at theend portion 76 b of thetubular member 76. As viewed inFIG. 6 h, thecheck valve 88 is configured to permit one-way fluid flow in a direction from above theend portion 76 b and down into theinternal passage 76 a, as indicated by anarrow 90. In an exemplary embodiment, thecheck valve 88 is, includes, or is part of, a grease fitting, grease nipple or zerk fitting. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 7 a with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-6 h, to install theanchoring system 60, the pointedtip 66 is connected to the outertubular casing 64 by threadably engaging the external threadedconnection 66 b with the internal threadedconnection 64 d. The outertubular casing 64 is then positioned in thesubterranean substrate 32 so that the pointedtip 66 opposes theground surface 34. In an exemplary embodiment, to position the outertubular casing 64 in thesubterranean substrate 32, the outertubular casing 64 is driven into thesubterranean substrate 32 by first penetrating theground surface 34 with the pointedtip 66 and then driving the outertubular casing 64 downward, as viewed inFIG. 7 a. In an exemplary embodiment, to position the outertubular casing 64 in thesubterranean substrate 32, a hole is drilled and then the outertubular casing 64 is positioned in the hole, with or without the pointedtip 66. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 7 b with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-7 a, during or after the outertubular casing 64 is positioned in thesubterranean substrate 32, the plurality ofrods 72 are positioned in thesubterranean substrate 32. To so position therods wedge 68 is positioned inside theinner sleeve 70 by threadably engaging the external threadedconnection 68 b with the internal threadedconnection 70 e so that the wedge surfaces 68 c and 68 d extend from thebody 68 a and towards theend portion 70 b of theinner sleeve 70. In several exemplary embodiments, instead of a threaded engagement, thewedge 68 is positioned in theinner sleeve 70 using one or more fasteners such as set screws, an interference fit between thebody 68 a and the inside surface of theinner sleeve 70, a shape fit between thebody 68 a and the inside surface of theinner sleeve 70, and/or any combination thereof. - The
inner sleeve 70 is inserted into theinternal passage 64 a of the outertubular casing 64 so that theoutlets inner sleeve 70 are radially aligned with theoutlets tubular casing 64. In an exemplary embodiment, theinner sleeve 70 and/or the outertubular casing 64 include one or more keys, guide slots, guide fins, and/or any combination thereof, in order to guide theinner sleeve 70 as it is inserted into the outertubular casing 64, and to prevent relative rotation therebetween, thereby ensuring that theoutlets outlets - The
rods tubular rod support 74 connected thereto are then inserted into theinner sleeve 70 so that the pointedtips 72 ab and 72 bb contact, or nearly contact, the wedge surfaces 68 c and 68 d, respectively, and so that theedge 68 e is positioned between therods connection 76 f of thetubular member 76 is then threadably engaged with the internal threadedconnection 70 d of theinner sleeve 70, causing thetubular member 76 to move downward, as viewed inFIG. 7 b and indicated by anarrow 92. As thetubular member 76 continues to be threadably engaged with theinner sleeve 70 and thus continues to move in the direction of thearrow 92, theend face 76 e of thetubular member 76 contacts the extent of theend portion 74 b of thetubular rod support 74. Continued threaded engagement causes theend face 76 e to bear against the extent of theend portion 74 b, thereby causing thetubular rod support 74 and thus therods arrow 92. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 7 c with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-7 b, in response to the downward movement of thetubular rod support 74, therods rods internal passage 70 a of theinner sleeve 70. In an exemplary embodiment, theguide groove 68 f guides therod 72 a as it bends, and the guide groove that is formed in thewedge surface 68 d and is substantially identical to theguide groove 68 f guides therod 72 b as it bends. The foregoing movement is continued, thereby causing therods tip 72 ab of therod 72 a to pass through the radially-alignedoutlets subterranean substrate 32, and the pointedtip 72 bb of therod 72 b to pass through the radially-alignedoutlets subterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, the foregoing movement is stopped either before or at the point when the external threadedconnection 76 f can no longer be further threadably engaged with the internal threadedconnection 70 d. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 7 c with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-7 b, during or after therods subterranean substrate 32, thechemical fastener 14 is injected in its liquid state into thesubterranean substrate 32. More particularly, thechemical fastener 14 is injected through thecheck valve 88 as indicated by anarrow 94, through theinternal passage 76 a of thetubular member 76, through theinternal passage 74 a of thetubular rod support 74, through the respectiveinternal passages 72 aa and 72 ba of therods outlets outlets outlets subterranean substrate 32 as indicated byarrows chemical fastener 14 flows into voids present in thesubterranean substrate 32 and surrounding the outertubular casing 64 and therods subterranean substrate 32 because of natural fractures in thesubstrate 32, and/or because of fractures that are formed due to the pressurized injection of thechemical fastener 14 into thesubstrate 32. - In an exemplary embodiment, to inject the
chemical fastener 14 into thesubterranean substrate 32 via theanchor 62, thestatic mixer 36 is connected to thecheck valve 88 and thus theanchor 62 in a manner substantially identical to the manner described above in which thestatic mixer 36 is connected to thecheck valve 28 and thus theanchor 12. And theinjection gun 46 injects thechemical fastener 14 into and through theanchor 62, and into thesubterranean substrate 32 in a manner substantially identical to the manner described above in which theinjection gun 46 injects thechemical fastener 14 into and through theanchor 12, and into thesubterranean substrate 32. Although thecheck valve 88 permits thechemical fastener 14 in its liquid state to flow in the direction indicated by thearrow 94, thecheck valve 88 prevents thechemical fastener 14, and/or any other fluid, from flowing back up and out from theinternal passage 76 a in a direction opposite to the direction indicated by thearrow 94. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 7 d with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-7 c, before, during or after injection, thechemical fastener 14 gels and then cures within thesubterranean substrate 32, and adheres to thesubterranean substrate 32 and at least portions of the respective external surfaces of the outertubular casing 64 and therods chemical fastener 14 remaining in theinternal passage 76 a of thetubular member 16 cures and adheres to the inside surface of thetubular member 76, any portion of thechemical fastener 14 remaining in theinternal passage 74 a of thetubular rod support 74 cures and adheres to the inside surface of thetubular rod support 74, any portion of thechemical fastener 14 remaining in theinternal passage 72 aa of therod 72 cures and adheres to the inside surface of therod 72 a, and any portion of thechemical fastener 14 remaining in theinternal passage 72 ba of therod 72 cures and adheres to the inside surface of therod 72 b. - As a result of the curing of the
chemical fastener 14, a conglomerate 104 is formed, the conglomerate 104 including thechemical fastener 14 and the portion of thesubterranean substrate 32 adhered thereto. Via the curedchemical fastener 14, the conglomerate 104 is adhered to at least portions of the respective external surfaces of the outertubular casing 64 and therods - In several exemplary embodiments, the conglomerate 104 forms a root-like pattern, an abstract annular shape, a prismatic shape, a spiral pattern, and/or any combination thereof. In several exemplary embodiments, the pattern or shape of the conglomerate 104 is based on the type(s) of soil in the
subterranean substrate 32, as well as other conditions including, but not limited to, environmental conditions and soil properties. In several exemplary embodiments, the conglomerate 104 adapts to the cohesion properties of the soil(s) in thesubterranean substrate 32. More particularly, by flowing into the voids within thesubterranean substrate 32, thechemical fastener 14 and thus the conglomerate 104 formed therefrom adjust and adapt to the cohesion properties of the soil(s) in thesubstrate 32, forming patterns and/or shapes based on the properties of the soil(s). - In an exemplary embodiment, after installation and in operation, the anchoring
system 60 anchors to theground surface 34 any equipment or structure(s) connected to, or otherwise engaged with, theanchor 62. Theanchor 62 resists any movement of such equipment or structure due to external forces acting thereupon and caused by, for example, high winds or inclement weather. To resist such movement, the anchoringsystem 60 as a whole resists the pull-out of theanchor 62 from thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, the pull-out resistance of theanchoring system 60 is due at least in part to the increased external surface area defined by the conglomerate 104, which increased surface area contacts the remainder of thesubterranean substrate 32 that is not part of the conglomerate 104. In several exemplary embodiments, due at least in part to the use of therods FIG. 5 ) and, as a result, the pull-out strength or resistance of theanchoring system 60 is greater than that of theanchoring system 10. In an exemplary embodiment, the pull-out resistance of theanchoring system 60 is due at least in part to the ability of the conglomerate 104 to form pattern(s) and/or shape(s) based on the type(s) of soil in thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, the pull-out resistance of theanchoring system 60 is due at least in part to the tensile strength and tensile elongation of thechemical fastener 14, as well as the gel time of thechemical fastener 14, particularly in view of the ability of thechemical fastener 14 to flow into the voids in thesubterranean substrate 32 surrounding the outertubular casing 64 and therods - In an exemplary embodiment, after installation and in operation, the anchoring
system 60 stabilizes the soil(s) within thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, during operation, the anchoringsystem 60 stabilizes non-cohesive and low or moderate cohesion soils within thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, during operation, the anchoringsystem 60 reduces the likelihood that the soil(s) within thesubterranean substrate 32 will shift or otherwise undergo displacement. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 8 with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-7 d, an anchoring system is generally referred to by thereference numeral 106 and includes thechemical fastener 14 and ananchor 108. Theanchor 108 includes several components of theanchor 62 of theanchoring system 60, which components are given the same reference numerals. As shown inFIG. 8 , the pointedtip 66 is omitted in favor of adrill bit 110, which is removably engaged with the outertubular casing 64 at theend portion 64 c thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, thedrill bit 110 is first inserted into theinternal passage 64 a at theend portion 64 b of the outertubular casing 64, and is then inserted through theinternal passage 64 a until thedrill bit 110 extends out from theend portion 64 c, as shown inFIG. 8 . In an exemplary embodiment, thedrill bit 110 is retractable so that it may be retracted up through theinternal passage 64 a and out of the outertubular casing 64, in a direction from theend portion 64 c to theend portion 64 b. In an exemplary embodiment, thedrill bit 110 is collapsible and retractable so that it may be collapsed so as to have a smaller outside diameter or dimension, and then retracted up through theinternal passage 64 a and out of the outertubular casing 64, in a direction from theend portion 64 c to theend portion 64 b. - The remainder of the
anchor 108 is substantially identical to theanchor 62 and thus will not be described in further detail. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 9 a with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-8, to install theanchoring system 106, the outertubular casing 64 is positioned in thesubterranean substrate 32. To so position the outertubular casing 64, thedrill bit 110 penetrates theground surface 34 and drills into thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, the outertubular casing 64 is pulled downward, as viewed inFIG. 9 a, as thedrill bit 110 drills into thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, the outertubular casing 64 is driven downward, as viewed inFIG. 9 a, as thedrill bit 110 drills into thesubterranean substrate 32. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 9 b with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-9 a, thedrill bit 110 continues to drill into thesubterranean substrate 32, and the outertubular casing 64 continues to move downward as viewed inFIG. 9 b, until the outertubular casing 64 is positioned at a desired location in thesubterranean substrate 32, relative to theground surface 34. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 9 c with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-9 b, after the outertubular casing 64 has been positioned at the desired location in thesubterranean substrate 32, thedrill bit 110 is removed from theanchoring system 106. In an exemplary embodiment, thedrill bit 110 is retracted up through theinternal passage 64 a and out of the outertubular casing 64, in a direction from theend portion 64 c to theend portion 64 b. In an exemplary embodiment, thedrill bit 110 is collapsed so as to have a smaller outside diameter or dimension, and then retracted up through theinternal passage 64 a and out of the outertubular casing 64, in a direction from theend portion 64 c to theend portion 64 b. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIGS. 9 d and 9 e with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-9 c, during or after the outertubular casing 64 of theanchor 108 is positioned in thesubterranean substrate 32, the plurality ofrods 72 of theanchor 108 is positioned in thesubterranean substrate 32 by moving thetubular member 76 downward, as indicated by anarrow 111 inFIG. 9 d. In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality ofrods 72 of theanchor 108 is positioned in thesubterranean substrate 32 in a manner substantially identical to the above-described manner in which the plurality ofrods 72 of theanchor 62 is positioned in thesubterranean substrate 32. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 9 e with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-9 d, during or after therods subterranean substrate 32, thechemical fastener 14 of theanchoring system 106 in its liquid state is injected into thesubterranean substrate 32. In an exemplary embodiment, thechemical fastener 14 of theanchoring system 106 is injected into thesubterranean substrate 32 in a manner substantially identical to the above-described manner in which thechemical fastener 14 of theanchoring system 60 is injected into thesubterranean substrate 32, with thechemical fastener 14 of theanchoring system 106 being injected through thecheck valve 88 as indicated by anarrow 112, and subsequently out of therods subterranean substrate 32, as indicated byarrows - In an exemplary embodiment, the
anchoring system 106 forms a conglomerate (not shown) in a manner substantially identical to the above-described manner in which the conglomerate 104 is formed. In an exemplary embodiment, theanchoring system 106 operates in a manner substantially identical to the above-described manner in which theanchoring system 60 operates. - In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
FIG. 10 with continuing reference toFIGS. 1 a-9 e, an anchoring system is generally referred to by thereference numeral 122 and includes thechemical fastener 14 and ananchor 124. Theanchor 124 includes several components of theanchor 62 of theanchoring system 60, which components are given the same reference numerals. As shown inFIG. 10 , in addition to theoutlets outlets 78 further includes aradial outlet 78 c that extends radially through the outertubular casing 64 and another radial outlet (not shown) that extends radially through the outertubular casing 64 and is diametrically opposed to theoutlet 78 c, resulting in a total of four outlets in the plurality ofoutlets 78. Correspondingly, in addition to theoutlets outlets 80 further includes aradial outlet 80 c that extends radially through theinner sleeve 70 and another radial outlet (not shown) that extends radially through theinner sleeve 70. And, in addition to therods rods 72 includesrods cap 82 of thetubular rod support 74. Each of therods rod 72 a and thus also to therod 72 b; therefore, each of therods rods 72 may be increased or decreased. - Instead of the
wedge 68 of theanchor 62, theanchor 124 includes awedge 126, which includes acylindrical body 126 a and an external threadedconnection 126 b.Channels cylindrical body 126 a, thereby defining anedge 126 e and anedge 126 f perpendicular thereto. Each of theedges cylindrical body 126 a. Thechannel 126 c defines wedge surfaces 126 g and 126 h, and thechannel 126 d defines wedge surfaces 126 i and 126 j. Thesurfaces connection 126 b and towards theedge 126 e. Thesurfaces connection 126 b and converge at theedge 126 f. Although not shown, two additional channels are formed in thebody 126 a, and are identical to thechannels channels edge 126 e, to the two additional channels. Thechannel 126 c and one of the two additional channels are symmetric, about theedge 126 f, to thechannel 126 d and the other of the two additional channels. - The remainder of the
anchor 124 is substantially identical to theanchor 62 and thus will not be described in further detail. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
anchoring system 122 is installed in thesubterranean substrate 32 in a manner that is substantially identical to the above-described manner in which theanchoring system 60 is installed in thesubterranean substrate 32, except that, in theanchoring system 122, therods subterranean substrate 32 along with therods chemical fastener 14 is injected into thesubterranean substrate 32 via therods rods rods channels rod 72 a contacts the surface(s) 126 g and/or 126 h, bending and thus being directed out of theinner sleeve 70 and the outertubular casing 64 via the radially-alignedopenings rod 72 c contacts the surface(s) 126 i and/or 126 j, bending and thus being directed out of theinner sleeve 70 and the outertubular casing 64 via the radially-alignedopenings rods edge 126 e, to thechannels inner sleeve 70 and theouter sleeve 64 via corresponding pairs of radially-aligned openings. Since the remainder of the installation of theanchoring system 122 is substantially identical to the above-described installation of theanchoring system 60, the remainder of the installation of theanchoring system 122 will not be described in further detail. - In an exemplary embodiment, the
anchoring system 122 operates in a manner substantially identical to the above-described manner in which theanchoring system 60 operates. Therefore, the operation of theanchoring system 122 will not be described in further detail. - In an exemplary experimental embodiment, testing was conducted using an experimental embodiment of the
anchoring system 10. Theexperimental tubular member 16 had an outside diameter of about 0.5 inches, and an inside diameter of about 0.3 inches. Theexperimental chemical fastener 14 was a two-component polyurea elastomer commercially available as VersaFlex SL/75, from VersaFlex Incorporated, Kansas City, Kans. Theexperimental flange 18 had an outside diameter of about 1.625 inches, and an axial thickness of about 0.25 inches. The experimental plurality ofoutlets 24 included sixoutlets 24 arranged in a spiral pattern, with each of theoutlets 24 having a diameter of about 0.16 inches. Likewise, the experimental plurality ofoutlets 26 included sixoutlets 26 arranged in a spiral pattern, with each of theoutlets 26 having a diameter of about 0.16 inches. The experimental plurality ofoutlets 24 was located about 2 inches above the experimental pointedtip 22, and the experimental plurality ofoutlets 26 was located about 3.5 inches above the experimental pointedtip 22. Theexperimental injection gun 46 included a Reactor E-10 Plural-Component Proportioner, which is available from Graco Inc. of Minneapolis, Minn., and a Series 450XT Snuff Back Valve, which is available from Nordson EFD, East Providence, R.I. The experimentalhydraulic connector 50 was a grease gun tip. The experimental testing was conducted in an experimentalsubterranean substrate 32 that had a top layer of rocky soil and an under layer of rocky clay soil that was slightly damp. An experimental ½-inch diameter hole was drilled into the soil. Theexperimental tubular member 16 was manually forced into the predrilled hole. Theexperimental tubular member 16 was positioned in the soil so that theflange 18 was flush with theground surface 34. Before injecting thechemical fastener 14 into theinternal passage 16 a of thetubular member 16, thechemical fastener 14 was heated to a temperature of about 100° F. to about 120° F. in theexperimental injection gun 46. After heating, thechemical fastener 14 was injected into theinternal passage 16 a at a fluid pressure of about 2,000 psi for about 10 seconds. The volume of thechemical fastener 14 injected into theinternal passage 16 a ranged from about 12 oz. to about 24 oz. Three experimental embodiments of theanchoring system 10 were tested, in accordance with the foregoing. The three experimental embodiments of theanchor system 10 were tested for vertical pull strength at least about 72 hours after the injection of thechemical fastener 14. The experimental vertical pull strength was determined by a hoisting theflange 18 upward with a flatbed crane. The load was recorded with a Chatillon DFS-R-ND Dynamometer and a SLC-10000 load cell. Testing using the first experimental embodiment of theanchoring system 10 indicated a vertical pull strength of about 4,045 lbs. This was a surprising and unexpected result. Testing using the second experimental embodiment of theanchoring system 10 indicated a vertical pull strength of about 4,750 lbs. This was a surprising and unexpected result. Testing using the third experimental embodiment of theanchoring system 10 indicated a vertical pull strength of over 6,000 lbs. This was a surprising and unexpected result. - In an exemplary embodiment, the anchoring
system 10 may achieve a minimum vertical pull strength of at least about 500 lbs in a rocky-clay soil when thetubular member 16 is about 16 inches in length and about 0.5 inches in outer diameter, thechemical fastener 14 is a two-component polyurea elastomer, and about 12 oz. of thechemical fastener 14 is injected into thetubular member 16. - An anchoring method has been described that includes positioning a first tubular member in a subterranean substrate, the first tubular member defining a first internal passage; and forming, within the subterranean substrate, a conglomerate that is adhered to the first tubular member; wherein the conglomerate includes respective portions of the subterranean substrate and a chemical fastener in a cured state; and wherein forming the conglomerate includes injecting the chemical fastener in a liquid state into the first internal passage so that the chemical fastener in the liquid state flows from the first internal passage and into the subterranean substrate via at least a first radial opening formed in the first tubular member. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds, a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi in the cured state, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240% in the cured state. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction; and wherein forming the conglomerate further includes preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction. In an exemplary embodiment, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage includes mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage; wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough. In an exemplary embodiment, positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate includes driving the first tubular member into the subterranean substrate. In an exemplary embodiment, positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate includes positioning a second tubular member in the subterranean substrate, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage; inserting the first tubular member into the second internal passage; and bending the first tubular member so that at least a portion thereof passes through a second radial opening formed in the second tubular member and penetrates the subterranean substrate; wherein the first radial opening is formed in the portion of the first tubular member and thus passes through the second radial opening. In an exemplary embodiment, positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate further includes inserting a third tubular member into the second internal passage, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage; wherein the first tubular member is inserted into the third internal passage and thus into the second internal passage; and wherein, before passing through the second radial opening, the portion of the first tubular member passes through a third radial opening formed in the third tubular member, the third radial opening being radially aligned with the second radial opening. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer; wherein injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage includes mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage, wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough; wherein the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate; and wherein forming the conglomerate further includes preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
- An anchoring system has been described that includes a first tubular member adapted to be positioned in a subterranean substrate, the first tubular member defining a first internal passage; a first radial opening formed in the first tubular member; a chemical fastener having liquid and cured states; a first configuration in which the first tubular member is positioned in the subterranean substrate, the chemical fastener is in the liquid state, and the chemical fastener is permitted to flow from the first internal passage and into the subterranean substrate via the first radial opening; and a second configuration in which the first tubular member is positioned in the subterranean substrate, the chemical fastener is in the cured state, and the anchoring system further includes a conglomerate adhered to the first tubular member, the conglomerate including respective portions of the subterranean substrate and the chemical fastener in the cured state. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds, a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi in the cured state, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240% in the cured state. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer. In an exemplary embodiment, the anchoring system includes a valve in fluid communication with the first internal passage; wherein the valve permits the chemical fastener in the liquid state to flow in a first direction into the first internal passage; and wherein the valve prevents the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction. In an exemplary embodiment, the anchoring system includes a second tubular member, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage adapted to be in fluid communication with the first internal passage via at least the valve; and a mixing chamber adapted to be in fluid communication with the second internal passage; wherein, when the anchoring system is in the first configuration, the chemical fastener is permitted to be mixed in the mixing chamber, to flow from the mixing chamber and into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage and the valve, and to be further mixed during its flow through the second internal passage. In an exemplary embodiment, the anchoring system includes a second tubular member adapted to be positioned in the subterranean substrate, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage in which a first portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend; and a second radial opening formed in the second tubular member through which a second portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend; wherein, when the second portion of the tubular member extends through the second radial opening, the first radial opening is located outside of the second tubular member. In an exemplary embodiment, the anchoring system includes a third tubular member adapted to extend within the second internal passage, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage in which the first portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend and thus also extend in the second internal passage; a third radial opening formed in the third tubular member and adapted to be radially aligned with the second radial opening; wherein the second portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend through the second and third radial openings when the second and third radial openings are radially aligned. In an exemplary embodiment, the anchoring system includes a tubular support connected to the first tubular member and adapted to extend within the third internal passage; wherein the tubular support and the first tubular member are movable within the third internal passage. In an exemplary embodiment, the first tubular member is movable within the third internal passage; and wherein the anchoring system further includes a wedge adapted to be connected to the third tubular member, the wedge defining a surface against which the first tubular member is adapted to contact to thereby cause the second portion of the first tubular member to bend and extend through the second and third radial openings when the second and third radial openings are radially aligned. In an exemplary embodiment, the anchoring system includes a valve in fluid communication with the first internal passage, wherein the valve permits the chemical fastener in the liquid state to flow in a first direction into the first internal passage, and wherein the valve prevents the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction; a second tubular member, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage adapted to be in fluid communication with the first internal passage via at least the valve; and a mixing chamber adapted to be in fluid communication with the second internal passage, wherein, when the anchoring system is in the first configuration, the chemical fastener in the liquid state is permitted to be mixed in the mixing chamber, to flow from the mixing chamber and into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage and the valve, and to be further mixed during its flow through the second internal passage; a third tubular member adapted to be positioned in the subterranean substrate, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage in which a first portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend; a second radial opening formed in the third tubular member through which a second portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend, wherein, when the second portion of the tubular member extends through the second radial opening, the first radial opening is located outside of the third tubular member; a fourth tubular member adapted to extend within the third internal passage, the fourth tubular member defining a fourth internal passage in which the first portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend and thus also extend in the third internal passage; a third radial opening formed in the fourth tubular member and adapted to be radially aligned with the second radial opening, wherein the second portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend through the second and third radial openings when the second and third radial openings are radially aligned; and a wedge adapted to be connected to the fourth tubular member, the wedge defining a surface against which the first tubular member is adapted to contact to thereby cause the second portion of the first tubular member to bend and extend through the second and third radial openings when the second and third radial openings are radially aligned.
- An anchoring system has been described that includes means for positioning a first tubular member in a subterranean substrate, the first tubular member defining a first internal passage; and means for forming, within the subterranean substrate, a conglomerate that is adhered to the first tubular member; wherein the conglomerate includes respective portions of the subterranean substrate and a chemical fastener in a cured state; and wherein means for forming the conglomerate includes means for injecting the chemical fastener in a liquid state into the first internal passage so that the chemical fastener in the liquid state flows from the first internal passage and into the subterranean substrate via at least a first radial opening formed in the first tubular member. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds, a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi in the cured state, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240% in the cured state. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction; and wherein means for forming the conglomerate further includes means for preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction. In an exemplary embodiment, means for injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage includes means for mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and means for after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage; wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough. In an exemplary embodiment, means for positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate includes means for driving the first tubular member into the subterranean substrate. In an exemplary embodiment, means for positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate includes means for positioning a second tubular member in the subterranean substrate, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage; means for inserting the first tubular member into the second internal passage; and means for bending the first tubular member so that at least a portion thereof passes through a second radial opening formed in the second tubular member and penetrates the subterranean substrate; wherein the first radial opening is formed in the portion of the first tubular member and thus passes through the second radial opening. In an exemplary embodiment, means for positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate further includes means for inserting a third tubular member into the second internal passage, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage; wherein the first tubular member is inserted into the third internal passage and thus into the second internal passage; and wherein, before passing through the second radial opening, the portion of the first tubular member passes through a third radial opening formed in the third tubular member, the third radial opening being radially aligned with the second radial opening. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer; wherein means for injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage includes means for mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and means for after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage, wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough; wherein the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate; and wherein means for forming the conglomerate further includes means for preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
- It is understood that variations may be made in the foregoing without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
- In several exemplary embodiments, the elements and teachings of the various illustrative exemplary embodiments may be combined in whole or in part in some or all of the illustrative exemplary embodiments. In addition, one or more of the elements and teachings of the various illustrative exemplary embodiments may be omitted, at least in part, and/or combined, at least in part, with one or more of the other elements and teachings of the various illustrative embodiments.
- Any spatial references such as, for example, “upper,” “lower,” “above,” “below,” “between,” “bottom,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “angular,” “upward,” “downward,” “side-to-side,” “left-to-right,” “left,” “right,” “right-to-left,” “top-to-bottom,” “bottom-to-top,” “top,” “bottom,” “bottom-up,” “top-down,” etc., are for the purpose of illustration only and do not limit the specific orientation or location of the structure described above.
- In several exemplary embodiments, while different steps, processes, and procedures are described as appearing as distinct acts, one or more of the steps, one or more of the processes, and/or one or more of the procedures may also be performed in different orders, simultaneously and/or sequentially. In several exemplary embodiments, the steps, processes and/or procedures may be merged into one or more steps, processes and/or procedures. In several exemplary embodiments, one or more of the operational steps in each embodiment may be omitted. Moreover, in some instances, some features of the present disclosure may be employed without a corresponding use of the other features. Moreover, one or more of the above-described embodiments and/or variations may be combined in whole or in part with any one or more of the other above-described embodiments and/or variations.
- Although several exemplary embodiments have been described in detail above, the embodiments described are exemplary only and are not limiting, and those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many other modifications, changes and/or substitutions are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the present disclosure. Accordingly, all such modifications, changes and/or substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the following claims. In the claims, any means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures.
Claims (30)
1. An anchoring method, comprising:
positioning a first tubular member in a subterranean substrate, the first tubular member defining a first internal passage; and
forming, within the subterranean substrate, a conglomerate that is adhered to the first tubular member;
wherein the conglomerate comprises respective portions of the subterranean substrate and a chemical fastener in a cured state; and
wherein forming the conglomerate comprises injecting the chemical fastener in a liquid state into the first internal passage so that the chemical fastener in the liquid state flows from the first internal passage and into the subterranean substrate via at least a first radial opening formed in the first tubular member.
2. The anchoring method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical fastener has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds, a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi in the cured state, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240% in the cured state.
3. The anchoring method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer.
4. The anchoring method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate.
5. The anchoring method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction; and
wherein forming the conglomerate further comprises preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
6. The anchoring method of claim 1 , wherein injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage comprises:
mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and
after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage;
wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough.
7. The anchoring method of claim 1 , wherein positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate comprises driving the first tubular member into the subterranean substrate.
8. The anchoring method of claim 1 , wherein positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate comprises:
positioning a second tubular member in the subterranean substrate, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage;
inserting the first tubular member into the second internal passage; and
bending the first tubular member so that at least a portion thereof passes through a second radial opening formed in the second tubular member and penetrates the subterranean substrate;
wherein the first radial opening is formed in the portion of the first tubular member and thus passes through the second radial opening.
9. The anchoring method of claim 8 , wherein positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate further comprises inserting a third tubular member into the second internal passage, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage;
wherein the first tubular member is inserted into the third internal passage and thus into the second internal passage; and
wherein, before passing through the second radial opening, the portion of the first tubular member passes through a third radial opening formed in the third tubular member, the third radial opening being radially aligned with the second radial opening.
10. The anchoring method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer;
wherein injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage comprises:
mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and
after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage, wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough;
wherein the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate; and
wherein forming the conglomerate further comprises preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
11. An anchoring system, comprising:
a first tubular member adapted to be positioned in a subterranean substrate, the first tubular member defining a first internal passage;
a first radial opening formed in the first tubular member;
a chemical fastener having liquid and cured states;
a first configuration in which the first tubular member is positioned in the subterranean substrate, the chemical fastener is in the liquid state, and the chemical fastener is permitted to flow from the first internal passage and into the subterranean substrate via the first radial opening; and
a second configuration in which the first tubular member is positioned in the subterranean substrate, the chemical fastener is in the cured state, and the anchoring system further comprises a conglomerate adhered to the first tubular member, the conglomerate comprising respective portions of the subterranean substrate and the chemical fastener in the cured state.
12. The anchoring system of claim 11 , wherein the chemical fastener has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds, a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi in the cured state, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240% in the cured state.
13. The anchoring system of claim 11 , wherein the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer.
14. The anchoring system of claim 11 , further comprising a valve in fluid communication with the first internal passage;
wherein the valve permits the chemical fastener in the liquid state to flow in a first direction into the first internal passage; and
wherein the valve prevents the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
15. The anchoring system of claim 14 , further comprising:
a second tubular member, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage adapted to be in fluid communication with the first internal passage via at least the valve; and
a mixing chamber adapted to be in fluid communication with the second internal passage;
wherein, when the anchoring system is in the first configuration, the chemical fastener is permitted to be mixed in the mixing chamber, to flow from the mixing chamber and into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage and the valve, and to be further mixed during its flow through the second internal passage.
16. The anchoring system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a second tubular member adapted to be positioned in the subterranean substrate, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage in which a first portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend; and
a second radial opening formed in the second tubular member through which a second portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend;
wherein, when the second portion of the tubular member extends through the second radial opening, the first radial opening is located outside of the second tubular member.
17. The anchoring system of claim 16 , further comprising:
a third tubular member adapted to extend within the second internal passage, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage in which the first portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend and thus also extend in the second internal passage;
a third radial opening formed in the third tubular member and adapted to be radially aligned with the second radial opening;
wherein the second portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend through the second and third radial openings when the second and third radial openings are radially aligned.
18. The anchoring system of claim 17 , further comprising a tubular support connected to the first tubular member and adapted to extend within the third internal passage;
wherein the tubular support and the first tubular member are movable within the third internal passage.
19. The anchoring system of claim 17 , wherein the first tubular member is movable within the third internal passage; and
wherein the anchoring system further comprises a wedge adapted to be connected to the third tubular member, the wedge defining a surface against which the first tubular member is adapted to contact to thereby cause the second portion of the first tubular member to bend and extend through the second and third radial openings when the second and third radial openings are radially aligned.
20. The anchoring system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a valve in fluid communication with the first internal passage, wherein the valve permits the chemical fastener in the liquid state to flow in a first direction into the first internal passage, and wherein the valve prevents the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction;
a second tubular member, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage adapted to be in fluid communication with the first internal passage via at least the valve;
a mixing chamber adapted to be in fluid communication with the second internal passage, wherein, when the anchoring system is in the first configuration, the chemical fastener in the liquid state is permitted to be mixed in the mixing chamber, to flow from the mixing chamber and into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage and the valve, and to be further mixed during its flow through the second internal passage;
a third tubular member adapted to be positioned in the subterranean substrate, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage in which a first portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend;
a second radial opening formed in the third tubular member through which a second portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend, wherein, when the second portion of the tubular member extends through the second radial opening, the first radial opening is located outside of the third tubular member;
a fourth tubular member adapted to extend within the third internal passage, the fourth tubular member defining a fourth internal passage in which the first portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend and thus also extend in the third internal passage;
a third radial opening formed in the fourth tubular member and adapted to be radially aligned with the second radial opening, wherein the second portion of the first tubular member is adapted to extend through the second and third radial openings when the second and third radial openings are radially aligned; and
a wedge adapted to be connected to the fourth tubular member, the wedge defining a surface against which the first tubular member is adapted to contact to thereby cause the second portion of the first tubular member to bend and extend through the second and third radial openings when the second and third radial openings are radially aligned.
21. An anchoring system, comprising:
means for positioning a first tubular member in a subterranean substrate, the first tubular member defining a first internal passage; and
means for forming, within the subterranean substrate, a conglomerate that is adhered to the first tubular member;
wherein the conglomerate comprises respective portions of the subterranean substrate and a chemical fastener in a cured state; and
wherein means for forming the conglomerate comprises means for injecting the chemical fastener in a liquid state into the first internal passage so that the chemical fastener in the liquid state flows from the first internal passage and into the subterranean substrate via at least a first radial opening formed in the first tubular member.
22. The anchoring system of claim 21 , wherein the chemical fastener has a gel time of at least about 15 seconds, a tensile strength of at least about 600 psi in the cured state, and a tensile elongation of at least about 240% in the cured state.
23. The anchoring system of claim 21 , wherein the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer.
24. The anchoring system of claim 21 , wherein the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate.
25. The anchoring system of claim 21 , wherein the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction; and
wherein means for forming the conglomerate further comprises means for preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
26. The anchoring system of claim 21 , wherein means for injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage comprises:
means for mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and
means for after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage;
wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough.
27. The anchoring system of claim 21 , wherein means for positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate comprises means for driving the first tubular member into the subterranean substrate.
28. The anchoring system of claim 21 , wherein means for positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate comprises:
means for positioning a second tubular member in the subterranean substrate, the second tubular member defining a second internal passage;
means for inserting the first tubular member into the second internal passage; and
means for bending the first tubular member so that at least a portion thereof passes through a second radial opening formed in the second tubular member and penetrates the subterranean substrate;
wherein the first radial opening is formed in the portion of the first tubular member and thus passes through the second radial opening.
29. The anchoring system of claim 28 , wherein means for positioning the first tubular member in the subterranean substrate further comprises means for inserting a third tubular member into the second internal passage, the third tubular member defining a third internal passage;
wherein the first tubular member is inserted into the third internal passage and thus into the second internal passage; and
wherein, before passing through the second radial opening, the portion of the first tubular member passes through a third radial opening formed in the third tubular member, the third radial opening being radially aligned with the second radial opening.
30. The anchoring system of claim 21 , wherein the chemical fastener is a two-component polyurea elastomer;
wherein means for injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into the first internal passage comprises:
means for mixing the chemical fastener in at least one mixing chamber; and
means for after mixing the chemical fastener in the at least one mixing chamber, injecting the chemical fastener in the liquid state into a second internal passage so that the chemical fastener flows into the first internal passage via at least the second internal passage, wherein the chemical fastener is further mixed in the second internal passage as the chemical fastener flows therethrough;
wherein the chemical fastener in the liquid state is injected into the first internal passage in a first direction at a pressure sufficient to cause the chemical fastener to flow through, and fracture, at least a portion of the subterranean substrate; and
wherein means for forming the conglomerate further comprises means for preventing the chemical fastener in the liquid state from flowing out of the first internal passage in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.
Priority Applications (1)
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US20160017562A1 (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-21 | Uretek Usa, Inc. | Rapid pier |
US20190071832A1 (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-07 | Uretek Usa, Inc. | Injection tube countersinking |
US11535998B2 (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2022-12-27 | Thur S.R.L. | System and method for injecting expanding resins into soils to be consolidated |
IT202200003713A1 (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-09-02 | Stefano Pederzolli | ROAD PARK CONSOLIDATION SYSTEM |
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RU206004U1 (en) * | 2021-02-12 | 2021-08-16 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения" (СГУПС) | Ground anchor |
CN116885628B (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-11-14 | 国网山西省电力公司太原供电公司 | Electric power operation maintenance device |
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US20070066786A1 (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2007-03-22 | The Hanson Group, Llc | Methods of preparing and using polyurea elastomers |
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US20160017562A1 (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-21 | Uretek Usa, Inc. | Rapid pier |
US9988784B2 (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2018-06-05 | Uretek Usa, Inc. | Rapid pier |
US20190071832A1 (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-07 | Uretek Usa, Inc. | Injection tube countersinking |
US10465355B2 (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-11-05 | Uretek Usa, Inc. | Injection tube countersinking |
US11535998B2 (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2022-12-27 | Thur S.R.L. | System and method for injecting expanding resins into soils to be consolidated |
IT202200003713A1 (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-09-02 | Stefano Pederzolli | ROAD PARK CONSOLIDATION SYSTEM |
WO2023166421A1 (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-09-07 | PEDERZOLLI, Alessandro | Road quay consolidation system |
Also Published As
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CA2822102A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
WO2012088395A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
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