US20120219670A1 - Container Having Barrier Properties and Method of Manufacturing the Same - Google Patents

Container Having Barrier Properties and Method of Manufacturing the Same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20120219670A1
US20120219670A1 US13/467,233 US201213467233A US2012219670A1 US 20120219670 A1 US20120219670 A1 US 20120219670A1 US 201213467233 A US201213467233 A US 201213467233A US 2012219670 A1 US2012219670 A1 US 2012219670A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
plastic container
container
preblend
polyester
oxygen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/467,233
Inventor
Paul E. Share
Keith Pillage
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sherwin Williams Co
Original Assignee
Valspar Sourcing Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=34837956&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20120219670(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Valspar Sourcing Inc filed Critical Valspar Sourcing Inc
Priority to US13/467,233 priority Critical patent/US20120219670A1/en
Publication of US20120219670A1 publication Critical patent/US20120219670A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/20Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
    • C08J3/22Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
    • C08J3/226Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques using a polymer as a carrier
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/22Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or parisons
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/02Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0715Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0861Other specified values, e.g. values or ranges
    • B29C2949/0862Crystallinity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/22Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at neck portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/24Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at flange portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/26Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at body portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/28Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at bottom portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3008Preforms or parisons made of several components at neck portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3012Preforms or parisons made of several components at flange portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3016Preforms or parisons made of several components at body portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/302Preforms or parisons made of several components at bottom portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3024Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3024Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique
    • B29C2949/3026Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique having two or more components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3024Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique
    • B29C2949/3026Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique having two or more components
    • B29C2949/3028Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique having two or more components having three or more components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3024Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique
    • B29C2949/3026Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique having two or more components
    • B29C2949/3028Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique having two or more components having three or more components
    • B29C2949/303Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique having two or more components having three or more components having more than three components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3032Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being injected
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3032Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being injected
    • B29C2949/3034Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being injected having two or more components being injected
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3041Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being extruded
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3041Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being extruded
    • B29C2949/3042Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being extruded having two or more components being extruded
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3041Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being extruded
    • B29C2949/3042Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being extruded having two or more components being extruded
    • B29C2949/3044Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being extruded having two or more components being extruded having three or more components being extruded
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/04Extrusion blow-moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06Injection blow-moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037Other properties
    • B29K2995/0065Permeability to gases
    • B29K2995/0067Permeability to gases non-permeable
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2367/00Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2367/02Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2467/00Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02Elements
    • C08K3/08Metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/10Metal compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24Acids; Salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24Acids; Salts thereof
    • C08K3/26Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0091Complexes with metal-heteroatom-bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/09Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
    • C08K5/098Metal salts of carboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1355Elemental metal containing [e.g., substrate, foil, film, coating, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1355Elemental metal containing [e.g., substrate, foil, film, coating, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1359Three or more layers [continuous layer]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1379Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1379Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
    • Y10T428/1383Vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit is sandwiched between layers [continuous layer]

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to plastic containers and methods of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present invention is directed to multilayer and monolayer containers having excellent barrier properties and having at least one layer manufactured from a polyester resin, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material:
  • containers either rigid, semirigid, flexible, lidded, collapsible, or a combination thereof, not only serve as a package for the product, but also help prevent the ingress of undesirable substances from the environment.
  • Atmospheric oxygen is one of the most reactive substances with products packaged in a container.
  • Molecular oxygen (O 2 ) is reduced to various highly reactive intermediate species by the addition of one to four electrons.
  • the carbon-carbon double bonds present in virtually all foods and beverages are particularly susceptible to reaction with these reactive intermediate species.
  • the resulting oxidation products adversely affect the performance, odor, and/or flavor of the product.
  • Oxygen sensitive materials including foods, beverages, and pharmaceutical products, have special packaging requirements including preventing the ingress of exterior oxygen into the package and/or scavenging of oxygen that is present inside the package.
  • oxygen is removed from the product by vacuum, inert gas sparging, or both.
  • it is difficult and expensive to remove the last traces of oxygen by these methods.
  • Containers made exclusively of glass or metal provide an excellent barrier both to egress of substances from the container and to ingress of substances from the environment. In most instances, gas permeation through a glass or metal container is negligible.
  • Containers made of polymers, in whole or in part, generally do not possess the shelf life or barrier properties of glass or metal containers. Therefore, despite the great advantages of polymers, deficiencies restrict their use in containers.
  • the advantages of polymers include good mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, and an adaptability of container fabrication techniques that provides homogeneous, laminated, and/or coated containers.
  • a further advantage of containers made from polymers include a light weight, reduced breakability, and low manufacturing cost.
  • Typical moisture barriers include polyethylene and polypropylene.
  • Oxygen barriers include ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), nylon, and blends thereof. Vinylidene chloride/-vinyl chloride copolymers and vinylidene chloride/-methyl acrylate copolymers are used as both moisture and oxygen barriers.
  • EVOH has superior oxygen barrier properties, but suffers from moisture problems because of the plurality of hydroxyl groups on the polymer.
  • barrier materials are sufficiently expensive such that containers manufactured solely from such materials is cost prohibitive. Accordingly, it became a common practice to manufacture multilayer structures whereby the amount of an expensive or sensitive barrier material is reduced to a thin layer, and an inexpensive polymer is positioned on one or both sides of the barrier layer as structural layers.
  • multilayer structures containing a barrier layer are less expensive and structurally stronger than a single layer of barrier material, such containers are more complicated to manufacture than single-layered containers.
  • reducing the thickness of the barrier layer in a multilayer container often reduces the barrier properties of the container. Accordingly, in addition to multilayer containers having a barrier layer, there is a need in the art for a monolayer container having high barrier and structural properties, but without the high cost associated with a container prepared solely from a barrier material.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate resin
  • PET has a number of advantageous properties for use in packaging applications, but PET does not possess the gas barrier properties that are required or desired in many applications.
  • PET has good oxygen barrier properties for carbonated juices
  • PET has not been useful as a package material for other products, such as beer which rapidly loses flavor due to oxygen migration into the bottle, citrus products, tomato-based products, and aseptically packed meat.
  • a packaging material with physical properties similar to PET is polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
  • PEN has barrier properties greater than PET, but PEN is considerably more expensive than PET.
  • Extremely impermeable polymers such as copolymers of ethylene and vinyl alcohol, vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride, and m-xylylenediamine and adipic acid (i.e., MXD6) exist. But because of practical or cost reasons, these copolymers typically are used as thin layers on or between PET layers or, in the case of MXD6, for blending with PET, in low weight percent amounts, to achieve an insignificant gas permeability. Also, using a xylylene group-containing polyamide resin with PET in amounts greater than 30% by weight causes the container to become a laminated foil structure thereby providing the possibility of exfoliation between the foil layers of the container.
  • the present invention is directed to a method of preparing a multilayer or monolayer plastic container having excellent barrier properties.
  • the container has at least one barrier layer comprising (i) a polyester, (ii) a polyamide material, and (iii) an oxygen scavenging material.
  • the barrier layer of the multilayer container, or a mono-layer container is prepared using an injection molding or extrusion process wherein a preblend comprising a diluent polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material is added to a base polyester during the injection-molding or extrusion process.
  • the present invention is directed to a plastic, multilayer or monolayer container prepared by an injection-molding or extrusion process wherein the container comprises at least one barrier layer prepared from an aromatic polyester, an aromatic polyamide, and a transition metal oxygen scavenger.
  • the barrier layer is the sole layer of the container.
  • the container is formed by expansion of a preform having a barrier layer.
  • the preform is prepared by an injection-molding or extrusion process wherein the barrier layer is formed from a preblend admixed with a base polymer in a molding apparatus prior to injection molding or extrusion to form the preform.
  • one aspect of the present invention is to provide a preform having a barrier layer
  • the barrier layer is prepared by injection molding or extruding a base polyester having added thereto a preblend containing a diluent polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material.
  • the preblend is added to the base polyester in the molding apparatus in the form of pellets or granules prior to injection.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a preblend comprising (a) about 25% to about 75%, by weight, of a diluent polyester, (b) about 25% to about 75%, by weight, of a polyamide material, and (c) about 20 to about 2000 ppm of a transition metal oxygen scavenger.
  • the preblend is introduced to, and admixed with, the base polyester prior to the injection step of an injection molding or extrusion process to form a barrier layer of a preform.
  • the preform then is expanded to provide a multilayer or monolayer container.
  • the diluent polyester and the base polyester can be the same or different, for example, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or a mixture thereof.
  • a preblend used in the present method exhibits excellent stability, i.e., has a greater stability after six months storage at 25° C. and 40% relative humidity than a blend containing only a polyamide material and an oxygen scavenger material under the identical storage conditions.
  • the preblend and base polyester are admixed in an amount of about 0.5% to about 20%, and preferably about 1% to about 15%, by weight, of the preblend and about 80% to about 99.5%, and preferably about 85% to about 99%, by weight, of the base polyester. More preferably, the preblend and base polyester are admixed in an amount of about 2% to about 12%, by weight, of the preblend and about 88% to about 98%, by weight, of the base polymer. Typically, the preblend and base polymer are admixed in sufficient amounts to provide a preform containing about 10 to about 80 ppm, and preferably about 20 to about 50 ppm, of the oxygen scavenging material.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a multilayer or monolayer container having a barrier layer prepared by the present method wherein oxygen barrier properties are activated after contact with water.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide multilayer containers by expansion of a preform, said multilayer container comprising (a) central barrier layer containing a diluent polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen-scavenging material prepared in accordance with the present method, and (b) inner and outer layers of a formable polymer.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a mono-layer plastic container by injection molding or extruding a base polyester comprising an aromatic polyester, having added thereto a preblend comprising a diluent polyester comprising an aromatic polyester, a polyamide, and a transition metal oxygen scavenging material.
  • the aromatic polyester of the base polyester and preblend, same or different comprises PET, PEN, or a mixture thereof;
  • the polyamide is an aromatic polyamide, for example, a xylylene polyamide;
  • the transition metal oxygen scavenger comprises a salt or a complex of iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, or mixtures thereof.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a monolayer container comprising a polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material.
  • the monolayer container has excellent structural strength and maintains a high barrier capacity during storage because activation of oxygen scavenging is initiated after filling of the container with an aqueous product.
  • the container also exhibits excellent esthetic properties, especially with respect to clarity of the container.
  • Containers for products such as beer and juice require sufficient barrier properties to maintain the integrity of the product.
  • plastic containers typically require additives to provide or enhance barrier properties.
  • barrier properties are achieved by providing a multilayer container having a barrier layer. It would be desirable to provide improved multilayer containers, or monolayer containers having sufficient barrier properties to maintain the integrity of the packaged product.
  • polymer-based containers comprising at least one layer of a barrier material.
  • these factors include the shear experienced by the barrier material during the molding process, the thermal history of the material during the drying and molding processes, and the exposure of the barrier material to air. Air exposure can degrade barrier materials by oxidative processes and by moisture contact. These variables can be addressed, for example, by altering screw design, resin drying, and feed configuration.
  • the present invention provides improvements in the method of manufacturing a preform to minimize the degradative factors discussed above.
  • Method (1) cannot be practiced reliably because it requires metering of 15 ppm or less, i.e., about 0.05% or less by weight, of the oxygen scavenging material into the injector screw then blending to provide a homogenous mixture.
  • the disadvantage of method (2) is that the polyamide material/oxygen scavenging material blend is temperature, oxygen, and moisture sensitive, thus the blend typically undergoes significant degradation during preform manufacture resulting in an unacceptable haze and yellowing of the container.
  • the disadvantage of method (3) is the requirement of storing large amounts of a blended material having a fixed barrier level, thus making the method economically unattractive.
  • the present method overcomes disadvantages associated with the prior methods, and provides a more facile method of manufacturing containers having improved barrier performance and appearance.
  • the present method of preparing a preform yields multilayer or monolayer containers having excellent barrier properties, and that reduces degradation of oxygen barrier properties thereby providing a more esthetic container, e.g., having a container improved optical properties, such as a reduced haze.
  • An important feature of the present invention is the preparation of a preblend that is storage stable for at least six months at 25° C. and ______% relative humidity. Another important feature is the preparation of a container from a preform of the present invention wherein the oxygen scavenging capabilities of the barrier layer are not activated until the container is filled with an aqueous fluid. Accordingly, the container has a long shelf life prior to filling, and a longer oxygen barrier capability after filling with an aqueous fluid.
  • the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a plastic container having sufficient oxygen barrier properties to maintain the integrity of oxygen-sensitive products, such as beer, packaged in the containers.
  • the container also has an excellent appearance.
  • the container is prepared from a preform by methods well known in the art, and comprises at least one barrier layer comprising a polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material.
  • the preform is prepared by an injection-molding or extrusion process.
  • the barrier layer of the preform is prepared as follows.
  • a preblend containing a diluent polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material first is prepared.
  • the preblend is added to, and admixed with, a base polyester in an injection screw, prior to the injection-molding or extrusion step.
  • the preblend comprises (a) about 25% to about 75%, by weight, of a diluent polyester, (b) about 25% to about 75%, by weight, of a polyamide material, and (c) about 20 to about 2000 ppm of an oxygen scavenging material.
  • Components (a), (b), and (c) are intimately admixed, and, preferably, formed into pellets or granules for addition to the base polyester. It also is envisioned that a particulate, or powdered, preblend of (a), (b), and (c) can be added to the base polyester.
  • the preblend contains about 25% to about 75%, and preferably about 30% to about 70%, by weight, of the diluent polyester. In more preferred embodiments, the preblend contains about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the diluent polyester.
  • the diluent polyester is a condensation product of a dibasic acid and a glycol.
  • the dibasic acid comprises an aromatic dibasic acid, or ester or anhydride thereof, such as isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-2,6,-dicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, diphenoxyethane-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • the dibasic acid also can be an aliphatic dibasic acid or anhydride, such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, decane-1,10-dicarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, succinic anhydride, succinic acid, cyclohexanediacetic acid, glutaric acid, azeleic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • aliphatic dibasic acid or anhydride such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, decane-1,10-dicarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, succinic anhydride, succinic acid, cyclohexanediacetic acid, glutaric acid, azeleic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • Other aromatic and aliphatic dibasic acids known to persons skilled in the art also can be used.
  • the dibasic acid comprises an aromatic dibasic acid, optionally further comprising up to about 20%, by weight of the dibasic acid component, of an aliphatic dibasic acid.
  • the glycol, or diol, component of the diluent polyester comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butane-1,4-diol, diethylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol, a polypropylene glycol, neopentl glycol, a polytetramethylene glycol, 1,6-hexylene glycol, pentane-1,5-diol, 3-methylpentanediol-(2,4), 2-methylpentanediol-(1,4), 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-(1,3), 2-ethylhexanediol-(1,3), 2,2-diethylpropanediol-(1,3), hexanediol-(1,3), 1,4-di-(hydroxyethoxy)benzene, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,1,3,3-te
  • PET and PEN Two preferred diluent polyesters are PET and PEN.
  • the PET and PEN can be homopolymers, or copolymers further containing up to 10 mole percent of a dibasic acid different from terephthalic acid or a naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, and/or up to 10 mole percent of a glycol different from ethylene glycol.
  • PEN refers to polyethylene naphthalene 2,6-dicarboxylate, polynaphthalene 1,4-dicarboxylate, polyethylene naphthalene 1,6-dicarboxylate, polyethylene naphthalene 1,8-dicarboxylate, and polyethylene naphthalene 2,3-dicarboxylate.
  • PEN is polyethylene naphthalene 2,3-dicarboxylate.
  • the diluent polyester preferably comprises PET (e.g., virgin bottle grade PET or postconsumer PET (PC-PET)), cyclohexane dimethanol/PET copolymer (PETG), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and mixtures thereof.
  • PET virgin bottle grade PET or postconsumer PET
  • PETG cyclohexane dimethanol/PET copolymer
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • Suitable polyesters also can include polymer linkages, side chains, and end groups different from the formal precursors of the simple polyesters previously specified.
  • Suitable polyesters for use in the present invention typically have an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.6 to about 1.2, and more preferably about 0.7 to about 1.0 (for a 60/40 blend of phenol/tetrachloroethane solvent).
  • an intrinsic viscosity value of 0.6 corresponds approximately to a viscosity average molecular weight of 36,000
  • an intrinsic viscosity value of 1.2 corresponds approximately to a viscosity average molecular weight of 103,000.
  • the diluent polyester optionally can include additives that do not adversely affect the preblend, or preforms or containers prepared there-from.
  • the optional additives include, but are not limited to, stabilizers, e.g., antioxidants or ultraviolet light screening agents, extrusion aids, drying agents, fillers, anticlogging agents, crystallization aids, impact modifiers, additives designed to make the polymer more degradable or combustible, dyes, pigments, and mixtures thereof.
  • the optional additives are present in the diluent polyester in an amount of 0% to about 2%, by weight of the diluent polyester, individually, and 0% to about 10%, by weight of the diluent polyester, in total.
  • the preblend contains about 25% to about 75%, and preferably about 30% to about 70%, by weight, of a polyamide material. In more preferred embodiments, the preblend contains about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the polyamide material.
  • the polyamide material can be an aromatic polyamide or an aliphatic polyamide.
  • the polyamide material also can be homopolyamide material or a copolyamide material.
  • MX nylons are polymers containing at least 70 mol% of structural units obtained from m-xylylenediamine alone or a xylylenediamine mixture containing m-xylylenediamine and p-xylylenediamine in an amount of less than 30% of the total amount and an ⁇ , ⁇ -aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 6-10 carbon atoms.
  • MX polymers examples include homopolymers, such as poly-m-xylylene adipamide and poly-m-xylylene sebacamide, copolymers, such as m-xylyl-ene/p-xylylene adipamide copolymer, m-xylylene/p-xylylene pyperamide copolymer, and m-xylylene/p-xylylene azelamide copolymer, and copolymers of these homopolymer or copolymer components and aliphatic diamines such as hexamethylenediamine, cyclic diamines such as piperazine, aromatic diamines such as p-bis(2-aminoethyl)benzene, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, lecterns such as ⁇ -caprolactam, ⁇ -aminocarboxylic acids such as ⁇ -amino-heptoic acid, and aromatic aminocarboxylic
  • An especially preferred aromatic polyamide is the polymer formed by the polymerization of meta-xylylenediamine (i.e., H 2 NCH 2 -m-C 6 H 4 —CH 2 NH 2 ) and adipic acid (i.e., HO 2 C(CH 2 ) 4 CO 2 H), for example, a product manufactured and sold by Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals, Japan, under the designation MXD6.
  • Various grades of MXD6 are available, e.g., grades 6001, 6007, 6021.
  • a preferred aliphatic polyamide material is nylon 66.
  • GRIVORY® e.g., GRIVORY® G16 and G21, which are copolyamides having both linear aliphatic units and ring-like aromatic components, available from EMS-Chemie Inc.
  • VERSAMID® an aliphatic polyamide typically used as an ink resin and available from Cognis Corporation
  • the preblend contains an oxygen scavenging material.
  • the oxygen scavenging material is present in an amount of about 20 to about 2000, and preferably about 50 to about 1500 ppm, by weight of the preblend. In more preferred embodiments, the preblend contains about 100 to about 1000 ppm of the oxygen scavenging material, by weight of the preblend.
  • oxygen scavenger is any material or compound that can remove oxygen from the interior of a closed package, or prevent oxygen from entering the interior of the package, either by reacting or combining with the entrapped oxygen, or by promoting an oxidation reaction that yields innocuous products.
  • the oxygen scavenging material imparts high oxygen barrier properties, i.e., a substantial capacity to withstand the passage of oxygen, to the container.
  • the effect responsible for the barrier properties capacity is referred to as the oxygen “scavenger”-effect. While not intended to be bound by any theory, it is proposed that oxygen scavenging materials form active metal complexes having a capacity to bond with oxygen. Thus, the oxygen scavenging material confers high oxygen barrier properties to the container.
  • a broad variety of metallic compounds are effective in providing the oxygen scavenging effect, and an appropriate oxygen scavenging material is selected based on cost acid compatibility with the diluent polyester and polyamide material of the preblend.
  • a preferred oxygen scavenging material is a metal, or a complex or salt of a metal, selected from the first, second, and third transition series of the periodic table.
  • metals include iron, cobalt, copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum.
  • Suitable oxygen scavenging materials for use in the present invention also include aluminum powder, aluminum carbide, aluminum chloride, cobalt powder, cobalt oxide, cobalt chloride, antimony powder, antimony oxide, antimony triacetate, antimony chloride III, antimony chloride V, iron, electrolytic iron, iron oxide, platinum, platinum on alumina, palladium, palladium on alumina, ruthenium, rhodium, copper, copper oxide, nickel, and mixed metal nano-particles (e.g., cobalt iron oxide nanoparticles).
  • Suitable nanoparticles have an average particle size of less than about 200 nm, preferably less than about 100 nm, and more preferably about 5 to about 50 nm.
  • a cobalt, iron, nickel, copper, or manganese compound is the preferred oxygen scavenging material.
  • a cobalt compound is most preferred.
  • the oxygen scavenging material is present as a salt or a complex of a metal.
  • the anion of the salt can be inorganic or organic. Examples of anions include halide, especially chloride, acetate, stearate, and octoate.
  • Other oxygen scavenging agents include cobalt (II) bromide and cobalt carboxylate.
  • Cobalt carboxylate is available as cobalt SICCATOL® (trademark of Akzo Chemie Nederland B. V., Amersford, Netherlands).
  • a cobalt carboxylate is a solution of C 8 -C 10 cobalt carboxylates and the concentration of cobalt (as metal) is about 10%, by weight, relative to the solution.
  • the relative amounts of the diluent polyester, polyamide material, and oxygen scavenging material in the preblend is related to variables such as the identity of the base polyester, the product to be packaged in the container, and the amount of the preblend added to the base polymer.
  • the preblend can be in the form of pellets, granules, or a powder.
  • a general method of preparing one embodiment of a preblend of the present invention containing PET, MXD6, and a cobalt oxygen scavenging material on a twin screw extruder follows.
  • the diluent polyester (PET) is dried in a fixed bed dessicant dryer, such as a dryer manufactured by Conair. Typical drying conditions for a PET are about four hours at about 160° C.
  • the MXD6 either can be used as supplied in sealed foil bags from the manufacture, or can be dried either separately or in combination with the PET at about 140° C.
  • a cobalt oxygen scavenging material can be in a liquid form or in a solid form.
  • the cobalt catalyst can be preblended with one or both of the PET and MXD6 in a Henschel mixer (Henschel Industrietecknik GmBH, Kassel, Germany), or pumped separately in liquid form into a feed throat of an extruder.
  • the cobalt oxygen scavenging material is introduced concurrently with at least one of the PET and MXD6 in a first feed zone of the extruder.
  • Example 1 is a nonlimiting example of a preblend containing (a) 46%, by weight, of a PET, (b) 54%, by weight, MXD6, and (c) 500 ppm of cobalt oxygen scavenging material (as cobalt neodecanoate).
  • solid particles of the preblend are admixed with solid particles of a base polymer prior to the injection step of an injection-molding or extrusion process to provide a barrier layer of a preform.
  • the preforms are converted into containers in subsequent process steps.
  • the preblend particles are metered into, and admixed with, the base polyester particles in the injector screw, prior to the injection step.
  • the preblend is added to the base polymer in an amount of about 0.5% to about 20%, and preferably about 1% to about 15%, by weight, of the preblend/base polyester mixture. In more preferred embodiments, the preblend is present in an amount of about 2% to about 12%, by total weight of the preblend/base polyester mixture.
  • the base polyester can be the same as, or different from, the diluent polyester of the preblend.
  • the base polymer can comprise a single polymer or a mixture of two or more polymers. Suitable base polymers include polyesters described above with respect to the identity of the diluent polymer.
  • the base polyester, or preblend/-base polyester mixture can contain optional ingredients known to persons skilled in the art.
  • the selection of a base polyester is not especially limited. However, a requirement is compatibility between the base polyester and the components of the preblend. Persons skilled in the art are capable of selecting the base polyester for use with a particular preblend. Furthermore, the components of the preblend can be selected with a view to the desired base polyester in order to provide a physically and chemically compatible preblend/base polymer mixture.
  • the proportion of the preblend to the base polymer also depends on various parameters, such as the identity of the components, and weight percents thereof, in the preblend, the identity of the base polyester, desired barrier effect, particular end use of the container, desired container shelf life, recyclability, economics, and ease of manufacture.
  • One three-layer construction comprises a barrier layer disposed between inner and outer layers.
  • a three-layer sidewall construction of a container can comprise inner and outer layers of a PET and a core barrier layer.
  • a five-layer structure can have relatively thin inner and outer intermediate layers to provide high oxygen barrier properties without loss of clarity.
  • Relatively thicker inner and outer layers of PET provide the necessary strength and clarity.
  • a thin barrier layer prepared as described above provides the necessary barrier effect.
  • the barrier layer of a multilayer layer container has a thickness of about 1 and 10, more preferably between about 2 and 8, and most preferably between about 3 and 6 percent of the total container wall thickness.
  • a multilayered container is prepared by: (i) providing a mixture of a preblend and a base polyester as discussed above; (ii) providing an inner and outer layer material of a suitable formable polymer; (iii) coinjecting the preblend/base polyester mixture and the inner and outer layer materials to form a multilayered preform; and (iv) heating and expanding the preform to form a container.
  • a multilayered container is prepared by: (i) providing a mixture of a preblend and a base polyester as discussed above; (ii) providing an inner and outer layer material of a suitable formable polymer; (iii) extruding a multilayer parison tube having inner and outer layers of a suitable formable polymer and a core layer of the preblend/base polyester mixture; (iv) clamping the parison tube into a hollow cavity mold; (v) blowing the parison against the cavity; and (vi) trimming the molded container.
  • a multilayered container is prepared by: (i) providing a mixture of a preblend and a base polyester as discussed above; (ii) providing an inner and outer layer material of a suitable formable polymer; (iii) extruding a multilayer parison tube having inner and outer layers of a suitable formable polymer and a central barrier layer prepared from the preblend/base polyester mixtune; (iv) injecting one or more additional layers of polymer over the parison; (v) clamping the over-injected parison tube into a hollow cavity mold; (vi) blowing the over-injected parison against the cavity; and (vii) optionally trimming the molded container.
  • a multilayered container is prepared by: (i) providing a mixture of a preblend and a base polyester as discussed above; (ii) providing a suitable formable polymer; (iii) injecting the preblend/base polyester mixture to form a preform; (iv) injecting a layer of formable polymer against the preform (e.g., on the outside surface); and (v) heating and expanding the preform to form a container.
  • a preform is manufactured by an injection-molding or extrusion process using the preblend and the base polyester.
  • the preform then is converted to a container using processes known to persons skilled in the art.
  • the base polyester is introduced into the injector screw.
  • a preblend is added to the base copolyester.
  • the preblend is added to the base polyester at a point to permit sufficient admixing of the molten base polyester and the molten preblend to provide a homogeneous admixture.
  • the base polyester/preblend mixture then is injected or extruded to form a preform.
  • the preform then is heated and expanded, for example, to form a monolayer container.
  • a base polyester/preblend mixture is fed, without exposure to the ambient atmosphere, into a molding apparatus where, in accordance with conventional techniques, the mixture is melted and a preform is injection molded or extruded from the molten blend.
  • the base polyester/-preblend mixture is held in the compression section of the injection-molding apparatus at a temperature of about 255° C. to about 280° C., preferably about 260° C. to about 275° C., and also in the injection nozzle generally within the same temperature range.
  • the preform is cooled rapidly in order to remain amorphous.
  • the amorphous preform subsequently is reshaped into a container.
  • reshaping is effected wherein a preform of amorphous material is expanded in the axial direction and/or in its circumferential direction into an intermediate preform that is thinner than the preform, and preferably is at least a monoaxially oriented material.
  • the intermediate preform subsequently is subjected to further expansion into the final shape of the container.
  • the preform is converted into the container in a single forming stage.
  • the present method of manufacturing a monolayer container also permits the use of post consumer PET, which substantially reduced production costs.
  • Carbonated soft drink bottles were manufactured from a base polyester and a preblend containing 46%, by weight, diluent polyester; 54%, by weight, polyamide material; and 500 ppm cobalt ion, as cobalt neodecanoate.
  • a preblend such as Example 1, was dried in a Conair dryer for 3 hours at 140° C. to a maximum moisture content of 50 ppm.
  • the dried preblend was charged into a volumetric feeder (available commercially from Maguire Products, Aston, Pa.) mounted on the feedthroat of a Husky injection-molding machine.
  • the hopper of the volumetric feeder was fitted with a nitrogen gas purge to ensure that the dried preblend was maintained free of moisture and oxygen during processing.
  • Delivery of the volumetric feeder was synchronized electronically with the delivery of the PET into the feedthroat of the injection screw.
  • the feeder was calibrated to deliver a predetermined amount of the preblend with each cycle, typically corresponding to about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the total composition.
  • Preforms containing the preblend and base polymer then were produced in the same manner as preforms containing only PET, as is known in the art.
  • the preforms then were blowmolded according to methods well known in the art to provide a soft drink bottle, or, after blowmolding, were subjected to an optional heat set step to provide hot-filled juice bottles.
  • Containers 1-7 were prepared from the following components. Each preblend contained 46 wt % of a PET, 54 wt % of an MXD6, and 500 ppm of cobalt neodecanoate. The PET of the preblend and the base PET are identical for each container. All containers were prepared using 4 wt % of the preblend, which provides 20 ppm, respectively, of cobalt ion (as cobalt neodecanoate, available from Eastman Chemicals).
  • Container 1 a high molecular weight PET (i.e., TRAYTUF 8506, available from M&G Polymer USA, LLC, Houston, Tex.), MXD6 (Grade 6121 available from Mitsubishi Gas Corporation);
  • Container 2 TRAYTUF 8506 PET, MXD6 (Grade 6007);
  • Container 3 Eastman 9663 PET, available from Eastman Chemical, MXD6 (Grade 6007);
  • Container 4 Eastman 9663 PET, MXD6 (Grade 6007);
  • Container 5 TRAYTUF 8506 PET, MXD6 (Grade 6007);
  • Container 6 Eastman 9663 PET, MXD6 (Grade 6121); and
  • Container 7 TRAYTUF 8506 PET, MXD6 (Grade 6121).
  • the different PET components had essentially the same intrinsic viscosity.
  • the different MXD6 components varied in molecular weight and viscosity.
  • Table 1 summarizes oxygen permeability for unfilled containers and containers cold filled with water for 48 hours.
  • Oxygen transmission measurements were performed on a Macon Oxtran 2/20 Model ML and SM that was adapted for use with 10 oz. (295 ml) bottles at ambient temperature and humidity. The containers were conditioned for 24 to 48 hours prior to each measurement.
  • the test provided Mocon data for a 120-hour examination time and illustrates oxygen permeability in cc O 2 /package/day.
  • Table 1 also contains data from a haze test performed using a Hunter Laboratories Colorquest apparatus.
  • Table 1 shows that containers prepared from preforms manufactured in accordance with the present method provided excellent oxygen barrier properties, especially in the cold filled containers wherein the cobalt/MXD6 barrier system has been activated.
  • the % haze values show that the containers also exhibit an excellent appearance in addition to high barrier properties.
  • the unfilled containers exhibited an oxygen permeability greater than cold filled containers, e.g., about 10 times greater.
  • the present method overcomes problems associated with prior methods of manufacturing containers comprising a polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material.
  • the preblend is stable over a prolonged time period prior to forming the preform.
  • the presence of a diluent polyester prevents or retards activation of the oxygen barrier complex, and allows storage of the preblend for several months prior to manufacture of a preform. This feature is a significant economic benefit to container manufacturers.
  • the present method also permits a homogeneons distribution of the oxygen scavenging material throughout the polyester, reduces degradation of the oxygen barrier effect because of a premature contact and activation of the polyamide-oxygen scavenging metal complex, increases thermal stability of the PET/preblend mixture resulting in improved stability, and is facile and economically attractive.
  • the preparation of the preblend minimizes or eliminates contact between the polyamide material and the oxygen scavenging material prior to incorporation into the base polyester. This in turn eliminates premature activation of the oxygen scavenging complex, i.e., premature oxidation, which reduces the oxygen barrier properties of the monolayer container.
  • Containers manufactured using the present method exhibited permeability coefficients for oxygen of between 0.1 and 0.01. Thus, these containers are especially well suited as a package for products wherein high oxygen barrier properties are required.
  • a multilayer or a monolayer container of the present invention provides excellent oxygen barrier properties and esthetic properties for packaging products such as carbonated soft drinks.
  • a present container is particularly useful in packaging products such as beer, citrus products, tomato-based products, and aseptically packaged meat, because such products rapidly lose flavor due to oxygen migration into the bottle.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

A method of manufacturing a multilayer or a monolayer plastic container is disclosed. The container has a barrier layer manufactured from (i) a polyester resin, preferably an aromatic polyester resin such as a polyethylene terephthalate, (ii) a polyamide material, preferably an aromatic polyamide material, and (iii) an oxygen scavenging material, preferably a transition method. The present invention also provides containers having a multilayer or a monolayer body. In the preparation of the barrier layer. a preform first is prepared by an injection-molding process wherein a preblend containing a diluent polyester, polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material is added to a base polyester during the injection molding process. The preform then is expanded to form a container.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention is directed to plastic containers and methods of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present invention is directed to multilayer and monolayer containers having excellent barrier properties and having at least one layer manufactured from a polyester resin, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material:
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Many packaged products, particularly food and beverage products, are susceptible to deterioration due to oxygen and/or moisture absorption or loss through the wall of the package. Therefore, containers, either rigid, semirigid, flexible, lidded, collapsible, or a combination thereof, not only serve as a package for the product, but also help prevent the ingress of undesirable substances from the environment.
  • Atmospheric oxygen is one of the most reactive substances with products packaged in a container. Molecular oxygen (O2) is reduced to various highly reactive intermediate species by the addition of one to four electrons. The carbon-carbon double bonds present in virtually all foods and beverages are particularly susceptible to reaction with these reactive intermediate species. The resulting oxidation products adversely affect the performance, odor, and/or flavor of the product.
  • “Oxygen sensitive” materials, including foods, beverages, and pharmaceutical products, have special packaging requirements including preventing the ingress of exterior oxygen into the package and/or scavenging of oxygen that is present inside the package. In some cases, particularly in the orange juice and brewing industries, oxygen is removed from the product by vacuum, inert gas sparging, or both. However, it is difficult and expensive to remove the last traces of oxygen by these methods.
  • Containers made exclusively of glass or metal provide an excellent barrier both to egress of substances from the container and to ingress of substances from the environment. In most instances, gas permeation through a glass or metal container is negligible. Containers made of polymers, in whole or in part, generally do not possess the shelf life or barrier properties of glass or metal containers. Therefore, despite the great advantages of polymers, deficiencies restrict their use in containers.
  • The advantages of polymers include good mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, and an adaptability of container fabrication techniques that provides homogeneous, laminated, and/or coated containers. A further advantage of containers made from polymers include a light weight, reduced breakability, and low manufacturing cost.
  • Because of these advantages, the packaging industry is progressively shifting to plastic containers. This trend relates both to beverage containers, including carbonated beverages, and to food containers. In all these applications, insufficient barrier properties of the plastic material, particularly an insufficient capacity to prevent the passage of gases, e.g., oxygen and carbon dioxide, and vaporized liquids, e.g., water vapor, results in a reduced shelf life for products packaged in the plastic containers.
  • A number of solutions to overcome problems associated with plastic containers have been proposed. However, the proposed solutions failed to meet the commercially established requirements of low cost, in combination with high barrier properties, such that containers prepared from a plastic material can be practically employed. Examples of proposed solutions include:
  • a) laminates wherein two or more layers of a polymeric material are used, and the polymeric material in each layer optionally possesses a beneficial barrier property, for example, gas penetration, light penetration, or moisture penetration;
  • b) constructions wherein a metal, such as aluminum, either is positioned between layers of polymeric materials or forms the inner surface of the container; and
  • c) constructions wherein a layer of barrier material, other than a metal, is positioned between layers of a polymeric material or forms the inner surface of the container.
  • Other proposed solutions are those wherein plastic materials of different types are mixed, then molded to form containers. For example, it is known to manufacture containers of polymeric material containing a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide. See, for example, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,501,781; 4,837,115; 5,034,252; 5,258,233; 5,281,360; 5,641,825 and 5,759,653.
  • In particular, attempts to solve problems associated with polymeric, i.e., plastic, containers led to the widespread use of oxygen barriers and/or moisture barriers in packaging materials. Typical moisture barriers include polyethylene and polypropylene. Oxygen barriers include ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), nylon, and blends thereof. Vinylidene chloride/-vinyl chloride copolymers and vinylidene chloride/-methyl acrylate copolymers are used as both moisture and oxygen barriers.
  • It is difficult to manufacture commercially useful plastic containers solely from barrier materials because of their high cost, unstable structural properties, and other drawbacks. For example, EVOH has superior oxygen barrier properties, but suffers from moisture problems because of the plurality of hydroxyl groups on the polymer. Other barrier materials are sufficiently expensive such that containers manufactured solely from such materials is cost prohibitive. Accordingly, it became a common practice to manufacture multilayer structures whereby the amount of an expensive or sensitive barrier material is reduced to a thin layer, and an inexpensive polymer is positioned on one or both sides of the barrier layer as structural layers.
  • Although multilayer structures containing a barrier layer are less expensive and structurally stronger than a single layer of barrier material, such containers are more complicated to manufacture than single-layered containers. In addition, reducing the thickness of the barrier layer in a multilayer container often reduces the barrier properties of the container. Accordingly, in addition to multilayer containers having a barrier layer, there is a need in the art for a monolayer container having high barrier and structural properties, but without the high cost associated with a container prepared solely from a barrier material.
  • One material commonly used in packaging applications is polyethylene terephthalate resin, hereafter referred to as PET. PET has a number of advantageous properties for use in packaging applications, but PET does not possess the gas barrier properties that are required or desired in many applications. For example, although PET has good oxygen barrier properties for carbonated juices, PET has not been useful as a package material for other products, such as beer which rapidly loses flavor due to oxygen migration into the bottle, citrus products, tomato-based products, and aseptically packed meat. A packaging material with physical properties similar to PET is polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). PEN has barrier properties greater than PET, but PEN is considerably more expensive than PET.
  • Extremely impermeable polymers, such as copolymers of ethylene and vinyl alcohol, vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride, and m-xylylenediamine and adipic acid (i.e., MXD6) exist. But because of practical or cost reasons, these copolymers typically are used as thin layers on or between PET layers or, in the case of MXD6, for blending with PET, in low weight percent amounts, to achieve an insignificant gas permeability. Also, using a xylylene group-containing polyamide resin with PET in amounts greater than 30% by weight causes the container to become a laminated foil structure thereby providing the possibility of exfoliation between the foil layers of the container.
  • From the foregoing, it is appreciated that the art requires an improved plastic, multilayered or monolayered container having excellent barrier properties for gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. Products that can be satisfactorily packaged within such containers include, for example, beer (particularly lager beer), wine (particularly white wine), fruit juices, carbonated soft drinks, fruits, nuts, vegetables, meat products, baby foods, coffee, sauces, and dairy products. Multilayer and mono-layer plastic containers having excellent barrier properties, and methods of preparing the same, are disclosed herein.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention is directed to a method of preparing a multilayer or monolayer plastic container having excellent barrier properties. The container has at least one barrier layer comprising (i) a polyester, (ii) a polyamide material, and (iii) an oxygen scavenging material. The barrier layer of the multilayer container, or a mono-layer container, is prepared using an injection molding or extrusion process wherein a preblend comprising a diluent polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material is added to a base polyester during the injection-molding or extrusion process.
  • More particularly, the present invention is directed to a plastic, multilayer or monolayer container prepared by an injection-molding or extrusion process wherein the container comprises at least one barrier layer prepared from an aromatic polyester, an aromatic polyamide, and a transition metal oxygen scavenger. For monolayer containers, the barrier layer is the sole layer of the container. For a multilayer or monolayer container, the container is formed by expansion of a preform having a barrier layer. The preform is prepared by an injection-molding or extrusion process wherein the barrier layer is formed from a preblend admixed with a base polymer in a molding apparatus prior to injection molding or extrusion to form the preform.
  • Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a preform having a barrier layer, the barrier layer is prepared by injection molding or extruding a base polyester having added thereto a preblend containing a diluent polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material. Typically, the preblend is added to the base polyester in the molding apparatus in the form of pellets or granules prior to injection.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a preblend comprising (a) about 25% to about 75%, by weight, of a diluent polyester, (b) about 25% to about 75%, by weight, of a polyamide material, and (c) about 20 to about 2000 ppm of a transition metal oxygen scavenger. The preblend is introduced to, and admixed with, the base polyester prior to the injection step of an injection molding or extrusion process to form a barrier layer of a preform. The preform then is expanded to provide a multilayer or monolayer container. The diluent polyester and the base polyester can be the same or different, for example, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or a mixture thereof.
  • A preblend used in the present method exhibits excellent stability, i.e., has a greater stability after six months storage at 25° C. and 40% relative humidity than a blend containing only a polyamide material and an oxygen scavenger material under the identical storage conditions.
  • The preblend and base polyester are admixed in an amount of about 0.5% to about 20%, and preferably about 1% to about 15%, by weight, of the preblend and about 80% to about 99.5%, and preferably about 85% to about 99%, by weight, of the base polyester. More preferably, the preblend and base polyester are admixed in an amount of about 2% to about 12%, by weight, of the preblend and about 88% to about 98%, by weight, of the base polymer. Typically, the preblend and base polymer are admixed in sufficient amounts to provide a preform containing about 10 to about 80 ppm, and preferably about 20 to about 50 ppm, of the oxygen scavenging material.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a multilayer or monolayer container having a barrier layer prepared by the present method wherein oxygen barrier properties are activated after contact with water.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide multilayer containers by expansion of a preform, said multilayer container comprising (a) central barrier layer containing a diluent polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen-scavenging material prepared in accordance with the present method, and (b) inner and outer layers of a formable polymer.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a mono-layer plastic container by injection molding or extruding a base polyester comprising an aromatic polyester, having added thereto a preblend comprising a diluent polyester comprising an aromatic polyester, a polyamide, and a transition metal oxygen scavenging material. In preferred embodiments, the aromatic polyester of the base polyester and preblend, same or different, comprises PET, PEN, or a mixture thereof; the polyamide is an aromatic polyamide, for example, a xylylene polyamide; and the transition metal oxygen scavenger comprises a salt or a complex of iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, or mixtures thereof.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a monolayer container comprising a polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material. The monolayer container has excellent structural strength and maintains a high barrier capacity during storage because activation of oxygen scavenging is initiated after filling of the container with an aqueous product. The container also exhibits excellent esthetic properties, especially with respect to clarity of the container.
  • These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the, following
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • Containers for products such as beer and juice require sufficient barrier properties to maintain the integrity of the product. As previously discussed, plastic containers typically require additives to provide or enhance barrier properties. Often barrier properties are achieved by providing a multilayer container having a barrier layer. It would be desirable to provide improved multilayer containers, or monolayer containers having sufficient barrier properties to maintain the integrity of the packaged product.
  • There are several factors that affect the appearance and performance of polymer-based containers comprising at least one layer of a barrier material. These factors include the shear experienced by the barrier material during the molding process, the thermal history of the material during the drying and molding processes, and the exposure of the barrier material to air. Air exposure can degrade barrier materials by oxidative processes and by moisture contact. These variables can be addressed, for example, by altering screw design, resin drying, and feed configuration. The present invention provides improvements in the method of manufacturing a preform to minimize the degradative factors discussed above.
  • Several methods of manufacturing a barrier layer of a plastic container on single-stage or multistage injection-molding equipment are envisioned. These methods include:
  • (1) metering a polyamide material and an oxygen scavenging material into the injector screw together with a polyester, such as PET;
  • (2) compounding the polyamide material and oxygen scavenging material, then adding the resulting mixture into the injector screw, together with the polyester; and
  • (3) compounding the polyamide material, oxygen scavenging material, and polyester, then using the resulting blend for injection molding.
  • Method (1) cannot be practiced reliably because it requires metering of 15 ppm or less, i.e., about 0.05% or less by weight, of the oxygen scavenging material into the injector screw then blending to provide a homogenous mixture. The disadvantage of method (2) is that the polyamide material/oxygen scavenging material blend is temperature, oxygen, and moisture sensitive, thus the blend typically undergoes significant degradation during preform manufacture resulting in an unacceptable haze and yellowing of the container. The disadvantage of method (3) is the requirement of storing large amounts of a blended material having a fixed barrier level, thus making the method economically unattractive.
  • The present method overcomes disadvantages associated with the prior methods, and provides a more facile method of manufacturing containers having improved barrier performance and appearance. The present method of preparing a preform yields multilayer or monolayer containers having excellent barrier properties, and that reduces degradation of oxygen barrier properties thereby providing a more esthetic container, e.g., having a container improved optical properties, such as a reduced haze.
  • An important feature of the present invention is the preparation of a preblend that is storage stable for at least six months at 25° C. and ______% relative humidity. Another important feature is the preparation of a container from a preform of the present invention wherein the oxygen scavenging capabilities of the barrier layer are not activated until the container is filled with an aqueous fluid. Accordingly, the container has a long shelf life prior to filling, and a longer oxygen barrier capability after filling with an aqueous fluid.
  • The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a plastic container having sufficient oxygen barrier properties to maintain the integrity of oxygen-sensitive products, such as beer, packaged in the containers. The container also has an excellent appearance. The container is prepared from a preform by methods well known in the art, and comprises at least one barrier layer comprising a polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material.
  • The preform is prepared by an injection-molding or extrusion process. In particular, the barrier layer of the preform is prepared as follows. A preblend containing a diluent polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material first is prepared. The preblend is added to, and admixed with, a base polyester in an injection screw, prior to the injection-molding or extrusion step.
  • In particular, the preblend comprises (a) about 25% to about 75%, by weight, of a diluent polyester, (b) about 25% to about 75%, by weight, of a polyamide material, and (c) about 20 to about 2000 ppm of an oxygen scavenging material. Components (a), (b), and (c) are intimately admixed, and, preferably, formed into pellets or granules for addition to the base polyester. It also is envisioned that a particulate, or powdered, preblend of (a), (b), and (c) can be added to the base polyester.
  • More particularly, the preblend contains about 25% to about 75%, and preferably about 30% to about 70%, by weight, of the diluent polyester. In more preferred embodiments, the preblend contains about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the diluent polyester.
  • The diluent polyester is a condensation product of a dibasic acid and a glycol. Typically, the dibasic acid comprises an aromatic dibasic acid, or ester or anhydride thereof, such as isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-2,6,-dicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, diphenoxyethane-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, and mixtures thereof. The dibasic acid also can be an aliphatic dibasic acid or anhydride, such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, decane-1,10-dicarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, succinic anhydride, succinic acid, cyclohexanediacetic acid, glutaric acid, azeleic acid, and mixtures thereof. Other aromatic and aliphatic dibasic acids known to persons skilled in the art also can be used. Preferably, the dibasic acid comprises an aromatic dibasic acid, optionally further comprising up to about 20%, by weight of the dibasic acid component, of an aliphatic dibasic acid.
  • The glycol, or diol, component of the diluent polyester comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butane-1,4-diol, diethylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol, a polypropylene glycol, neopentl glycol, a polytetramethylene glycol, 1,6-hexylene glycol, pentane-1,5-diol, 3-methylpentanediol-(2,4), 2-methylpentanediol-(1,4), 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-(1,3), 2-ethylhexanediol-(1,3), 2,2-diethylpropanediol-(1,3), hexanediol-(1,3), 1,4-di-(hydroxyethoxy)benzene, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethylcyclobutane, 2,2-bis-(3-hydroxyethoxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)propane, 1,4-dihydroxymethylcyclohexane, and mixtures thereof. Additional glycols known to persons skilled in the art also can be used as the glycol component of the diluent polyester.
  • Two preferred diluent polyesters are PET and PEN. The PET and PEN can be homopolymers, or copolymers further containing up to 10 mole percent of a dibasic acid different from terephthalic acid or a naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, and/or up to 10 mole percent of a glycol different from ethylene glycol.
  • As used herein, the term “PEN” refers to polyethylene naphthalene 2,6-dicarboxylate, polynaphthalene 1,4-dicarboxylate, polyethylene naphthalene 1,6-dicarboxylate, polyethylene naphthalene 1,8-dicarboxylate, and polyethylene naphthalene 2,3-dicarboxylate. Preferably, PEN is polyethylene naphthalene 2,3-dicarboxylate.
  • In particular, the diluent polyester preferably comprises PET (e.g., virgin bottle grade PET or postconsumer PET (PC-PET)), cyclohexane dimethanol/PET copolymer (PETG), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable polyesters also can include polymer linkages, side chains, and end groups different from the formal precursors of the simple polyesters previously specified.
  • Suitable polyesters for use in the present invention typically have an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.6 to about 1.2, and more preferably about 0.7 to about 1.0 (for a 60/40 blend of phenol/tetrachloroethane solvent). For PET, an intrinsic viscosity value of 0.6 corresponds approximately to a viscosity average molecular weight of 36,000, and an intrinsic viscosity value of 1.2 corresponds approximately to a viscosity average molecular weight of 103,000.
  • The diluent polyester optionally can include additives that do not adversely affect the preblend, or preforms or containers prepared there-from. The optional additives include, but are not limited to, stabilizers, e.g., antioxidants or ultraviolet light screening agents, extrusion aids, drying agents, fillers, anticlogging agents, crystallization aids, impact modifiers, additives designed to make the polymer more degradable or combustible, dyes, pigments, and mixtures thereof. The optional additives are present in the diluent polyester in an amount of 0% to about 2%, by weight of the diluent polyester, individually, and 0% to about 10%, by weight of the diluent polyester, in total.
  • In addition to the diluent polyester, the preblend contains about 25% to about 75%, and preferably about 30% to about 70%, by weight, of a polyamide material. In more preferred embodiments, the preblend contains about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the polyamide material.
  • The polyamide material can be an aromatic polyamide or an aliphatic polyamide. The polyamide material also can be homopolyamide material or a copolyamide material. An aromatic polyamide, either a homopolymer or a copolymer, is preferred.
  • A preferred class of polyamide materials is the MX nylons. MX nylons are polymers containing at least 70 mol% of structural units obtained from m-xylylenediamine alone or a xylylenediamine mixture containing m-xylylenediamine and p-xylylenediamine in an amount of less than 30% of the total amount and an α,ω-aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 6-10 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of MX polymers include homopolymers, such as poly-m-xylylene adipamide and poly-m-xylylene sebacamide, copolymers, such as m-xylyl-ene/p-xylylene adipamide copolymer, m-xylylene/p-xylylene pyperamide copolymer, and m-xylylene/p-xylylene azelamide copolymer, and copolymers of these homopolymer or copolymer components and aliphatic diamines such as hexamethylenediamine, cyclic diamines such as piperazine, aromatic diamines such as p-bis(2-aminoethyl)benzene, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, lecterns such as ε-caprolactam, ω-aminocarboxylic acids such as ω-amino-heptoic acid, and aromatic aminocarboxylic acids such as p-aminobenzoic acid. Optionally, polymers such as nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, and nylon 11 can be incorporated into the MX polymers.
  • An especially preferred aromatic polyamide is the polymer formed by the polymerization of meta-xylylenediamine (i.e., H2NCH2-m-C6H4—CH2NH2) and adipic acid (i.e., HO2C(CH2)4CO2H), for example, a product manufactured and sold by Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals, Japan, under the designation MXD6. Various grades of MXD6 are available, e.g., grades 6001, 6007, 6021. A preferred aliphatic polyamide material is nylon 66. Other suitable polyamides include, for example, GRIVORY® (e.g., GRIVORY® G16 and G21, which are copolyamides having both linear aliphatic units and ring-like aromatic components, available from EMS-Chemie Inc.) and VERSAMID® (an aliphatic polyamide typically used as an ink resin and available from Cognis Corporation).
  • In addition to the diluent polyester and polyamide material, the preblend contains an oxygen scavenging material. The oxygen scavenging material is present in an amount of about 20 to about 2000, and preferably about 50 to about 1500 ppm, by weight of the preblend. In more preferred embodiments, the preblend contains about 100 to about 1000 ppm of the oxygen scavenging material, by weight of the preblend.
  • An “oxygen scavenger” is any material or compound that can remove oxygen from the interior of a closed package, or prevent oxygen from entering the interior of the package, either by reacting or combining with the entrapped oxygen, or by promoting an oxidation reaction that yields innocuous products.
  • The oxygen scavenging material imparts high oxygen barrier properties, i.e., a substantial capacity to withstand the passage of oxygen, to the container. The effect responsible for the barrier properties capacity is referred to as the oxygen “scavenger”-effect. While not intended to be bound by any theory, it is proposed that oxygen scavenging materials form active metal complexes having a capacity to bond with oxygen. Thus, the oxygen scavenging material confers high oxygen barrier properties to the container.
  • A broad variety of metallic compounds are effective in providing the oxygen scavenging effect, and an appropriate oxygen scavenging material is selected based on cost acid compatibility with the diluent polyester and polyamide material of the preblend. A preferred oxygen scavenging material is a metal, or a complex or salt of a metal, selected from the first, second, and third transition series of the periodic table. Such metals include iron, cobalt, copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. Suitable oxygen scavenging materials for use in the present invention also include aluminum powder, aluminum carbide, aluminum chloride, cobalt powder, cobalt oxide, cobalt chloride, antimony powder, antimony oxide, antimony triacetate, antimony chloride III, antimony chloride V, iron, electrolytic iron, iron oxide, platinum, platinum on alumina, palladium, palladium on alumina, ruthenium, rhodium, copper, copper oxide, nickel, and mixed metal nano-particles (e.g., cobalt iron oxide nanoparticles). Suitable nanoparticles have an average particle size of less than about 200 nm, preferably less than about 100 nm, and more preferably about 5 to about 50 nm.
  • A cobalt, iron, nickel, copper, or manganese compound is the preferred oxygen scavenging material. A cobalt compound is most preferred. Typically, the oxygen scavenging material is present as a salt or a complex of a metal. The anion of the salt can be inorganic or organic. Examples of anions include halide, especially chloride, acetate, stearate, and octoate. Other oxygen scavenging agents include cobalt (II) bromide and cobalt carboxylate. Cobalt carboxylate is available as cobalt SICCATOL® (trademark of Akzo Chemie Nederland B. V., Amersford, Netherlands). A cobalt carboxylate is a solution of C8-C10 cobalt carboxylates and the concentration of cobalt (as metal) is about 10%, by weight, relative to the solution.
  • The relative amounts of the diluent polyester, polyamide material, and oxygen scavenging material in the preblend is related to variables such as the identity of the base polyester, the product to be packaged in the container, and the amount of the preblend added to the base polymer. The preblend can be in the form of pellets, granules, or a powder.
  • A general method of preparing one embodiment of a preblend of the present invention containing PET, MXD6, and a cobalt oxygen scavenging material on a twin screw extruder follows. In particular, the diluent polyester (PET) is dried in a fixed bed dessicant dryer, such as a dryer manufactured by Conair. Typical drying conditions for a PET are about four hours at about 160° C. The MXD6 either can be used as supplied in sealed foil bags from the manufacture, or can be dried either separately or in combination with the PET at about 140° C. A cobalt oxygen scavenging material can be in a liquid form or in a solid form. The cobalt catalyst can be preblended with one or both of the PET and MXD6 in a Henschel mixer (Henschel Industrietecknik GmBH, Kassel, Germany), or pumped separately in liquid form into a feed throat of an extruder. Preferably, the cobalt oxygen scavenging material is introduced concurrently with at least one of the PET and MXD6 in a first feed zone of the extruder.
  • The following Example 1 is a nonlimiting example of a preblend containing (a) 46%, by weight, of a PET, (b) 54%, by weight, MXD6, and (c) 500 ppm of cobalt oxygen scavenging material (as cobalt neodecanoate).
  • EXAMPLE 1
  • MXD6 Grade 6007 (16.2 pounds), available from Mitsubishi Gas Corporation, was admixed with 13.8 pounds of PET Grade 9663, available from Voridian Chemical, and the resulting blend was dried for four hours at 140° C. To ten pounds of this mixtune was added 2.27 g (500 ppm by weight) cobalt neodecanoate (i.e., 128 ppm based on cobalt ion) available from OM Group, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. The mixture was blended by hand, then introduced into the feedthroat of a Werner and Pfleiderer ZSK-25 twin screw extruder equipped with a volumetric feeder. The heated zones of the extruder were maintained between 240° C. and 280° C. The extruded blend was stranded onto an air-cooled belt, then pelletized. The resulting pellets were recrystallized at 120° C. for four hours under vacuum.
  • As disclosed above, solid particles of the preblend are admixed with solid particles of a base polymer prior to the injection step of an injection-molding or extrusion process to provide a barrier layer of a preform. The preforms are converted into containers in subsequent process steps. In particular, the preblend particles are metered into, and admixed with, the base polyester particles in the injector screw, prior to the injection step.
  • The preblend is added to the base polymer in an amount of about 0.5% to about 20%, and preferably about 1% to about 15%, by weight, of the preblend/base polyester mixture. In more preferred embodiments, the preblend is present in an amount of about 2% to about 12%, by total weight of the preblend/base polyester mixture.
  • The base polyester can be the same as, or different from, the diluent polyester of the preblend. The base polymer can comprise a single polymer or a mixture of two or more polymers. Suitable base polymers include polyesters described above with respect to the identity of the diluent polymer. Like the preblend, the base polyester, or preblend/-base polyester mixture, can contain optional ingredients known to persons skilled in the art.
  • The selection of a base polyester is not especially limited. However, a requirement is compatibility between the base polyester and the components of the preblend. Persons skilled in the art are capable of selecting the base polyester for use with a particular preblend. Furthermore, the components of the preblend can be selected with a view to the desired base polyester in order to provide a physically and chemically compatible preblend/base polymer mixture.
  • The proportion of the preblend to the base polymer also depends on various parameters, such as the identity of the components, and weight percents thereof, in the preblend, the identity of the base polyester, desired barrier effect, particular end use of the container, desired container shelf life, recyclability, economics, and ease of manufacture.
  • Numerous multilayer preform and container constructions exist, each of which is adapted for a particular product and/or manufacturing process. A few representative examples follow.
  • One three-layer construction comprises a barrier layer disposed between inner and outer layers. For example, a three-layer sidewall construction of a container can comprise inner and outer layers of a PET and a core barrier layer.
  • A five-layer structure can have relatively thin inner and outer intermediate layers to provide high oxygen barrier properties without loss of clarity. Relatively thicker inner and outer layers of PET provide the necessary strength and clarity. A thin barrier layer prepared as described above provides the necessary barrier effect.
  • In preferred embodiments, the barrier layer of a multilayer layer container has a thickness of about 1 and 10, more preferably between about 2 and 8, and most preferably between about 3 and 6 percent of the total container wall thickness.
  • Several different methods are practiced to prepare containers of the present invention.
  • In one method, a multilayered container is prepared by: (i) providing a mixture of a preblend and a base polyester as discussed above; (ii) providing an inner and outer layer material of a suitable formable polymer; (iii) coinjecting the preblend/base polyester mixture and the inner and outer layer materials to form a multilayered preform; and (iv) heating and expanding the preform to form a container. In an alternative method, a multilayered container is prepared by: (i) providing a mixture of a preblend and a base polyester as discussed above; (ii) providing an inner and outer layer material of a suitable formable polymer; (iii) extruding a multilayer parison tube having inner and outer layers of a suitable formable polymer and a core layer of the preblend/base polyester mixture; (iv) clamping the parison tube into a hollow cavity mold; (v) blowing the parison against the cavity; and (vi) trimming the molded container.
  • In yet an alternative method (the “over-injected parison” method), a multilayered container is prepared by: (i) providing a mixture of a preblend and a base polyester as discussed above; (ii) providing an inner and outer layer material of a suitable formable polymer; (iii) extruding a multilayer parison tube having inner and outer layers of a suitable formable polymer and a central barrier layer prepared from the preblend/base polyester mixtune; (iv) injecting one or more additional layers of polymer over the parison; (v) clamping the over-injected parison tube into a hollow cavity mold; (vi) blowing the over-injected parison against the cavity; and (vii) optionally trimming the molded container.
  • In yet another method (called “IOI”), a multilayered container is prepared by: (i) providing a mixture of a preblend and a base polyester as discussed above; (ii) providing a suitable formable polymer; (iii) injecting the preblend/base polyester mixture to form a preform; (iv) injecting a layer of formable polymer against the preform (e.g., on the outside surface); and (v) heating and expanding the preform to form a container.
  • In accordance with the present invention, to form a monolayer container, a preform is manufactured by an injection-molding or extrusion process using the preblend and the base polyester. The preform then is converted to a container using processes known to persons skilled in the art. In the present injection-molding or extrusion process, the base polyester is introduced into the injector screw. Either at the feed throat or at an appropriate position along the length of the injector screw, a preblend is added to the base copolyester. The preblend is added to the base polyester at a point to permit sufficient admixing of the molten base polyester and the molten preblend to provide a homogeneous admixture. The base polyester/preblend mixture then is injected or extruded to form a preform. The preform then is heated and expanded, for example, to form a monolayer container.
  • In general, in the preparation of a monolayer container or the barrier layer of a multilayer container, a base polyester/preblend mixture is fed, without exposure to the ambient atmosphere, into a molding apparatus where, in accordance with conventional techniques, the mixture is melted and a preform is injection molded or extruded from the molten blend. For injection molding, the base polyester/-preblend mixture is held in the compression section of the injection-molding apparatus at a temperature of about 255° C. to about 280° C., preferably about 260° C. to about 275° C., and also in the injection nozzle generally within the same temperature range. The preform is cooled rapidly in order to remain amorphous.
  • The amorphous preform subsequently is reshaped into a container. In certain physical applications, reshaping is effected wherein a preform of amorphous material is expanded in the axial direction and/or in its circumferential direction into an intermediate preform that is thinner than the preform, and preferably is at least a monoaxially oriented material. The intermediate preform subsequently is subjected to further expansion into the final shape of the container. In other physical applications, the preform is converted into the container in a single forming stage. The present method of manufacturing a monolayer container also permits the use of post consumer PET, which substantially reduced production costs.
  • The following nonlimiting examples illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope thereof.
  • EXAMPLE 2
  • Carbonated soft drink bottles were manufactured from a base polyester and a preblend containing 46%, by weight, diluent polyester; 54%, by weight, polyamide material; and 500 ppm cobalt ion, as cobalt neodecanoate.
  • As set forth in the table below, a preblend was added to the base polyester in an amount of about 4%, by weight, of the total mixture. The containers prepared from the resulting mixture were tested for barrier and esthetic properties. Carbonated soft drink bottles used in this example were prepared in general as follows:
  • A preblend, such as Example 1, was dried in a Conair dryer for 3 hours at 140° C. to a maximum moisture content of 50 ppm. The dried preblend was charged into a volumetric feeder (available commercially from Maguire Products, Aston, Pa.) mounted on the feedthroat of a Husky injection-molding machine. The hopper of the volumetric feeder was fitted with a nitrogen gas purge to ensure that the dried preblend was maintained free of moisture and oxygen during processing. Delivery of the volumetric feeder was synchronized electronically with the delivery of the PET into the feedthroat of the injection screw. The feeder was calibrated to deliver a predetermined amount of the preblend with each cycle, typically corresponding to about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the total composition. Preforms containing the preblend and base polymer then were produced in the same manner as preforms containing only PET, as is known in the art. The preforms then were blowmolded according to methods well known in the art to provide a soft drink bottle, or, after blowmolding, were subjected to an optional heat set step to provide hot-filled juice bottles.
  • Various containers were prepared by the above method from different preblends and different base polymers, then tested for barrier properties and haze as summarized in Table 1.
  • TABLE 1
    Container No. % Preblend Unfilled Cold Filled % Haze1)
    1 4 0.0198 0.0137 0.34/0.10
    2 4 0.0026 <0.0025 0.07/0.16
    3 4 0.0246 <0.0025 0.07/0.07
    4 4 0.0219 0.0043 0.03/0.10
    5 4 0.0110 <0.0025 0.06/0.04
    6 4 0.1183 0.0345 2.71/1.41
    7 4 0.0213 0.0028 0.20/0.45
    1)two replicate tests.
  • Containers 1-7 were prepared from the following components. Each preblend contained 46 wt % of a PET, 54 wt % of an MXD6, and 500 ppm of cobalt neodecanoate. The PET of the preblend and the base PET are identical for each container. All containers were prepared using 4 wt % of the preblend, which provides 20 ppm, respectively, of cobalt ion (as cobalt neodecanoate, available from Eastman Chemicals).
  • Container 1—a high molecular weight PET (i.e., TRAYTUF 8506, available from M&G Polymer USA, LLC, Houston, Tex.), MXD6 (Grade 6121 available from Mitsubishi Gas Corporation);
  • Container 2—TRAYTUF 8506 PET, MXD6 (Grade 6007);
  • Container 3—Eastman 9663 PET, available from Eastman Chemical, MXD6 (Grade 6007);
  • Container 4—Eastman 9663 PET, MXD6 (Grade 6007);
  • Container 5—TRAYTUF 8506 PET, MXD6 (Grade 6007);
  • Container 6—Eastman 9663 PET, MXD6 (Grade 6121); and
  • Container 7—TRAYTUF 8506 PET, MXD6 (Grade 6121).
  • The different PET components had essentially the same intrinsic viscosity. The different MXD6 components varied in molecular weight and viscosity.
  • The data in Table 1 summarizes oxygen permeability for unfilled containers and containers cold filled with water for 48 hours. Oxygen transmission measurements were performed on a Macon Oxtran 2/20 Model ML and SM that was adapted for use with 10 oz. (295 ml) bottles at ambient temperature and humidity. The containers were conditioned for 24 to 48 hours prior to each measurement. The test provided Mocon data for a 120-hour examination time and illustrates oxygen permeability in cc O2/package/day. Table 1 also contains data from a haze test performed using a Hunter Laboratories Colorquest apparatus.
  • The data in Table 1 shows that containers prepared from preforms manufactured in accordance with the present method provided excellent oxygen barrier properties, especially in the cold filled containers wherein the cobalt/MXD6 barrier system has been activated. The % haze values show that the containers also exhibit an excellent appearance in addition to high barrier properties.
  • In particular, the unfilled containers exhibited an oxygen permeability greater than cold filled containers, e.g., about 10 times greater. This illustrates that the oxygen barrier properties of containers manufactured in accordance with the present invention are initiated after the container is filled. This is an important aspect of the present invention because, after activation, oxygen barrier properties degrade over time. By initiating oxygen barrier properties after filling, as opposed to during unfilled storage, a product packaged in the container is protected for a longer period of time.
  • The present method overcomes problems associated with prior methods of manufacturing containers comprising a polyester, a polyamide material, and an oxygen scavenging material. First, the preblend is stable over a prolonged time period prior to forming the preform. The presence of a diluent polyester prevents or retards activation of the oxygen barrier complex, and allows storage of the preblend for several months prior to manufacture of a preform. This feature is a significant economic benefit to container manufacturers. Second, because oxygen barrier properties are not activated until a container is filled, the present method allows the manufacture of a container having excellent barrier and esthetic properties long after the container has been made.
  • The present method also permits a homogeneons distribution of the oxygen scavenging material throughout the polyester, reduces degradation of the oxygen barrier effect because of a premature contact and activation of the polyamide-oxygen scavenging metal complex, increases thermal stability of the PET/preblend mixture resulting in improved stability, and is facile and economically attractive. Importantly, the preparation of the preblend minimizes or eliminates contact between the polyamide material and the oxygen scavenging material prior to incorporation into the base polyester. This in turn eliminates premature activation of the oxygen scavenging complex, i.e., premature oxidation, which reduces the oxygen barrier properties of the monolayer container.
  • Containers manufactured using the present method exhibited permeability coefficients for oxygen of between 0.1 and 0.01. Thus, these containers are especially well suited as a package for products wherein high oxygen barrier properties are required.
  • A multilayer or a monolayer container of the present invention provides excellent oxygen barrier properties and esthetic properties for packaging products such as carbonated soft drinks. A present container is particularly useful in packaging products such as beer, citrus products, tomato-based products, and aseptically packaged meat, because such products rapidly lose flavor due to oxygen migration into the bottle.
  • Obviously, many modifications and variations of the invention as hereinbefore set forth can be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and, therefore, only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims (21)

1-33. (canceled)
34. A plastic container, comprising:
an extruded or injection molded container having a barrier layer formed from a melt blended admixture of a base polyester and a preblend, the preblend comprising:
a diluent polyester,
a polyamide material that comprises a polymer containing m-xylylenediamine monomer units, p-xylylenediamine monomer units, or a mixture thereof, and
cobalt or a complex or salt thereof present in the preblend an amount of 20 to 2,000 parts per million by weight; and
wherein the plastic container is stable during unfilled storage and the barrier layer has an oxygen scavenging property that is activated after filling the container with an aqueous fluid, and wherein activation results from filling.
35. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the plastic container comprises a monolayer plastic container.
36. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the plastic container comprises a multilayer plastic container.
37. The plastic container of claim 36, wherein the barrier layer has a thickness of between about 1 and 10 percent of the total container wall thickness.
38. The plastic container of claim 36, wherein the plastic container includes an inner layer and an outer layer in addition to the barrier layer.
39. The plastic container of claim 36, wherein the inner and outer layers each comprise a polyethylene terephthalate layer.
40. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein plastic container includes a five-layer structure.
41. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the plastic container comprises a soft drink bottle.
42. The plastic container of claim 34, further including a food or beverage product packaged therein.
43. The plastic container of claim 42, wherein the food or beverage product comprises beer, a citrus product, a tomato-based product, or an aseptically packaged meat.
44. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the plastic container comprises a preform that includes about 10 to about 80 ppm, by weight, of cobalt or a salt or complex thereof.
45. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the diluent polyester comprises a homopolymer or a copolymer of a polyethylene terephthalate, a polyethylene naphthalate, a polybutylene terephthalate, a cyclohexane dimethanol/polyethylene terephthalate copolymer, or a mixture thereof.
46. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the base polyester is a virgin bottle grade polyester and the admixture consists essentially of the base polyester and the preblend.
47. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the polyamide material comprises a polymerization product of m-xylyenediamine and adipic acid.
48. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the preblend and the base polyester are admixed in an amount of 0.5% to 20%, by weight, of the preblend, and 80% to 99.5%, by weight, of the base polyester.
49. The plastic container of claim 48, wherein the cobalt or a salt or complex thereof is present in the preblend in an amount of about 100 to about 1,000 parts per million.
50. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the preblend comprises about 30% to about 70%, by weight, of the diluent polyester comprising a polyethylene terephalate, a polyethylene naphthalate, or a mixture thereof; about 30% to about 70%, by weight, of the polyamide material; and about 50 to about 1500 ppm, by weight, of cobalt or a salt or complex thereof.
51. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the base polyester and the diluent polyester are each independently selected from a polyethylene terephthalate, a polynaphthalene terephthalate, a polybutylene terephthalate, a cyclohexane dimethanol/polyethylene terephthalate copolymer, or a mixture thereof.
52. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the plastic container has an oxygen permeability of 0.035 cc O2/package/day or less after filling with water for 48 hours.
53. The plastic container of claim 34, wherein the plastic container has an oxygen permeability in cc O2/package/day after filling with water for 48 hours, that is less than the oxygen permeability of the container prior to filling with water, and wherein activation of oxygen-scavenging results from filling.
US13/467,233 2004-02-12 2012-05-09 Container Having Barrier Properties and Method of Manufacturing the Same Abandoned US20120219670A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/467,233 US20120219670A1 (en) 2004-02-12 2012-05-09 Container Having Barrier Properties and Method of Manufacturing the Same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/777,299 US8192676B2 (en) 2004-02-12 2004-02-12 Container having barrier properties and method of manufacturing the same
US13/467,233 US20120219670A1 (en) 2004-02-12 2012-05-09 Container Having Barrier Properties and Method of Manufacturing the Same

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/777,299 Continuation US8192676B2 (en) 2004-02-12 2004-02-12 Container having barrier properties and method of manufacturing the same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120219670A1 true US20120219670A1 (en) 2012-08-30

Family

ID=34837956

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/777,299 Active 2024-11-05 US8192676B2 (en) 2004-02-12 2004-02-12 Container having barrier properties and method of manufacturing the same
US13/467,233 Abandoned US20120219670A1 (en) 2004-02-12 2012-05-09 Container Having Barrier Properties and Method of Manufacturing the Same

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/777,299 Active 2024-11-05 US8192676B2 (en) 2004-02-12 2004-02-12 Container having barrier properties and method of manufacturing the same

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US8192676B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2272912B1 (en)
JP (2) JP5161462B2 (en)
KR (2) KR101258383B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1942519B (en)
AU (1) AU2005217350A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005083003A2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3693283A4 (en) * 2017-10-06 2021-10-20 Kikkoman Corporation Synthetic resin multilayer bottle
US11155398B2 (en) 2017-04-05 2021-10-26 Kikkoman Corporation Dispensing container

Families Citing this family (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060182911A1 (en) * 2004-10-19 2006-08-17 Tammaji Kulkarni S Gas barrier pet composition for monolayer bottle and process thereof
US20060199871A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-07 Hale Wesley R Multilayered, transparent articles and a process for their preparation
US7964258B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2011-06-21 Eastman Chemical Company Transparent, oxygen-scavenging compositions and articles prepared therefrom
US20100184940A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2010-07-22 Eastman Chemical Company Polyester Compositions Which Comprise Cyclobutanediol and Certain Thermal Stabilizers, and/or Reaction Products Thereof
US7955674B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2011-06-07 Eastman Chemical Company Transparent polymer blends containing polyesters comprising a cyclobutanediol and articles prepared therefrom
US7955533B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2011-06-07 Eastman Chemical Company Process for the preparation of transparent shaped articles
US7968164B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2011-06-28 Eastman Chemical Company Transparent polymer blends and articles prepared therefrom
US7951900B2 (en) 2005-06-17 2011-05-31 Eastman Chemical Company Dialysis filter housings comprising polyester compositions formed from 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol
US7786252B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2010-08-31 Eastman Chemical Company Preparation of transparent multilayered articles
US7959998B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2011-06-14 Eastman Chemical Company Transparent, oxygen-scavenging compositions containing polyesters comprising a cyclobutanediol and articles prepared therefrom
US7959836B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2011-06-14 Eastman Chemical Company Process for the preparation of transparent, shaped articles containing polyesters comprising a cyclobutanediol
DE102005020913B3 (en) * 2005-05-04 2006-08-03 Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH Multilayer barrier foil for packing foods and luxuries, comprises biaxially stretched polypropylene layers and coextruded functional barrier layer which forms an external layer and central interior layer, and polypropylene detention layers
MX2007014612A (en) * 2005-05-18 2008-01-17 M & G Polimeri Italia Spa Polyester composition.
US20060269747A1 (en) * 2005-05-26 2006-11-30 Ghatta Hussain A Polyester organo-metallo compositions
US7704605B2 (en) 2006-03-28 2010-04-27 Eastman Chemical Company Thermoplastic articles comprising cyclobutanediol having a decorative material embedded therein
CA2625842A1 (en) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-10 Eastman Chemical Company Polyester compositions which comprise cyclobutanediol and certain thermal stabilizers, and/or reaction products thereof
US9598533B2 (en) 2005-11-22 2017-03-21 Eastman Chemical Company Polyester compositions containing cyclobutanediol having a certain combination of inherent viscosity and moderate glass transition temperature and articles made therefrom
US7737246B2 (en) 2005-12-15 2010-06-15 Eastman Chemical Company Polyester compositions which comprise cyclobutanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, and ethylene glycol and manufacturing processes therefor
JP5396692B2 (en) * 2006-03-10 2014-01-22 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 Method for producing polyester resin composition
US9169388B2 (en) 2006-03-28 2015-10-27 Eastman Chemical Company Polyester compositions which comprise cyclobutanediol and certain thermal stabilizers, and/or reaction products thereof
TWI354679B (en) * 2007-08-22 2011-12-21 Far Eastern New Century Corp Fast heat-up thermoplastic polyester polymer compo
US8501287B2 (en) 2007-11-21 2013-08-06 Eastman Chemical Company Plastic baby bottles, other blow molded articles, and processes for their manufacture
KR101790591B1 (en) 2007-11-21 2017-10-26 이스트만 케미칼 컴파니 Plastic baby bottles, other blow molded articles, and processes for their manufacture
US8198371B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2012-06-12 Eastman Chemical Company Blends of polyesters and ABS copolymers
US20100099828A1 (en) * 2008-10-21 2010-04-22 Eastman Chemical Company Clear Binary Blends of Aliphatic Polyesters and Aliphatic-Aromatic Polyesters
WO2010065316A2 (en) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-10 Valspar Sourcing, Inc. Packaging articles and lamination films
US8895654B2 (en) * 2008-12-18 2014-11-25 Eastman Chemical Company Polyester compositions which comprise spiro-glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, and terephthalic acid
JP5387054B2 (en) * 2009-03-03 2014-01-15 東洋製罐株式会社 Multi-layer plastic container with excellent drop impact resistance
WO2011019840A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Valspar Sourcing, Inc. Polymer particles and coating compositions formulated from the polymer particles
US8420869B2 (en) 2010-12-09 2013-04-16 Eastman Chemical Company Process for the preparation of 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diols
US8394997B2 (en) 2010-12-09 2013-03-12 Eastman Chemical Company Process for the isomerization of 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diols
US8420868B2 (en) 2010-12-09 2013-04-16 Eastman Chemical Company Process for the preparation of 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diols
US9707732B2 (en) * 2011-03-25 2017-07-18 Amcor Limited Barrier system for wide mouth containers
BE1019981A5 (en) * 2011-05-18 2013-03-05 Resilux HOLLOW ITEMS, I.H.B. PLASTIC FORMS, RES.INTAINERS, WITH A BARRIER COAT AND SPRAYING METHOD, RESP. DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING IT.
BR112013027812A2 (en) * 2011-04-29 2017-03-14 Resilux Nv method for producing a polymeric product of multidimensional aggregate components such as live microbial cell barriers or carriers and biological barriers in plastic and textile materials
US20130217830A1 (en) 2012-02-16 2013-08-22 Eastman Chemical Company Clear Semi-Crystalline Articles with Improved Heat Resistance
DE102012204570B4 (en) * 2012-03-22 2015-07-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Material for use in a magnetic resonance system, method for producing the material and magnetic resonance system
EP2783829B1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2016-10-19 Inergy Automotive Systems Research (Société Anonyme) Process for manufacturing a hollow body
JP2016107506A (en) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-20 大日本印刷株式会社 Blow molding method, composite preform, composite container, inner label member and plastic member
JP2016107541A (en) * 2014-12-08 2016-06-20 大日本印刷株式会社 Blow molding method, composite preform, composite container, inner label member and plastic member
JP2016107540A (en) * 2014-12-08 2016-06-20 大日本印刷株式会社 Blow molding method, composite preform, composite container, inner label member and plastic member
JP2016107538A (en) * 2014-12-08 2016-06-20 大日本印刷株式会社 Blow molding method, composite preform, composite container, inner label member and plastic member
JP2016120689A (en) * 2014-12-25 2016-07-07 大日本印刷株式会社 Composite container and manufacturing method thereof, composite preform and manufacturing method thereof, and plastic member
CN107787346B (en) * 2015-05-27 2021-05-07 安海斯-布希英博股份有限公司 Oxygen scavenging polymer compositions
JP6168261B1 (en) * 2015-10-02 2017-07-26 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 Multilayer container and method for producing the same, method for producing single-layer container, and method for producing recycled polyester resin
JP7219704B2 (en) * 2017-04-05 2023-02-08 キッコーマン株式会社 Double-packaged food and beverage composition
AU2020379760A1 (en) 2019-11-04 2022-04-21 Ring Container Technologies Llc Container and method of manufacture
CN112094498B (en) * 2020-09-22 2022-09-09 上海盈固化工有限公司 Polyamide barrier material and preparation method thereof
IT202000027158A1 (en) 2020-11-12 2022-05-12 Point Plastic S R L POLYESTER-BASED COMPOSITION WITH HIGH BARRIER PROPERTIES AND PACKAGING ITEMS CONTAINING THE SAME.
CN115536997B (en) * 2022-10-17 2023-12-01 杭州恒峰塑料制品有限公司 Blending type barrier plastic packaging container

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020037377A1 (en) * 1998-02-03 2002-03-28 Schmidt Steven L. Enhanced oxygen-scavenging polymers, and packaging made therefrom
WO2002038673A2 (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-16 Valspar Sourcing, Inc. Multilayered package with barrier properties
US20030027912A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-02-06 Deborah Tung Oxygen-scavenging resin compositions having low haze

Family Cites Families (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4284671A (en) * 1979-05-11 1981-08-18 Clopay Corporation Polyester compositions for gas and moisture barrier materials
HU184722B (en) * 1980-02-18 1984-10-29 Laszlo Lazar Therapeutically suitable silicone rubber mixture and therapeuticaid
JPS5890033A (en) * 1981-11-13 1983-05-28 株式会社吉野工業所 Bottle body
JPS58183243A (en) * 1982-04-22 1983-10-26 株式会社吉野工業所 Biaxial stretched blow molded bottle body made of synthetic resin
JPH0617136B2 (en) 1985-02-15 1994-03-09 日精エ−・エス・ビ−機械株式会社 Biaxially oriented container with excellent gas barrier properties
US4837115A (en) * 1986-07-30 1989-06-06 Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Ltd. Thermoplastic polyester composition having improved flavor-retaining property and vessel formed therefrom
US4764403A (en) * 1986-11-10 1988-08-16 Owens-Illinois Plastic Products Inc. Multilayer biaxially oriented heat set articles
US4795741A (en) * 1987-05-06 1989-01-03 Biomatrix, Inc. Compositions for therapeutic percutaneous embolization and the use thereof
SE8702840D0 (en) * 1987-07-10 1987-07-10 Plm Ab BARRIERFORSTERKNING
GB2207439B (en) * 1987-07-27 1992-02-12 Metal Box Plc Improvements in and relating to packaging
DE301719T1 (en) * 1987-07-27 1990-12-20 MB Group plc, Reading, Berkshire PACKAGING AGENTS.
US4819637A (en) * 1987-09-01 1989-04-11 Interventional Therapeutics Corporation System for artificial vessel embolization and devices for use therewith
US5001009A (en) * 1987-09-02 1991-03-19 Sterilization Technical Services, Inc. Lubricious hydrophilic composite coated on substrates
WO1989008557A1 (en) * 1988-03-12 1989-09-21 Cmb Packaging (Uk) Limited Improvements in and relating to packaging
SE464086B (en) * 1988-07-11 1991-03-04 Plm Ab FOR PREPARATION OF CONTAINERS FOR POLYMER COMPOSITION AND PROCEDURES BEFORE ITS PREPARATION
SE464085B (en) * 1988-07-11 1991-03-04 Plm Ab A POLYMER COMPOSITION WITH THE ABILITY TO CONSUM OXY AND PREPARATION OF THE COMPOSITION
US4994069A (en) * 1988-11-02 1991-02-19 Target Therapeutics Vaso-occlusion coil and method
US5239016A (en) * 1989-01-26 1993-08-24 Cmb Packaging (Uk) Limited Process for production of a wall for a package
EP0380319A1 (en) 1989-01-27 1990-08-01 Cmb Foodcan Plc Improvements in and relating to packaging
JP2864595B2 (en) * 1989-12-22 1999-03-03 東洋紡績株式会社 Polyester hollow molded body with improved color tone
US6288161B1 (en) 1990-01-31 2001-09-11 Pechiney Emballage Flexible Europe Barrier compositions and articles made therefrom
US5314987A (en) 1990-01-31 1994-05-24 American National Can Company Barrier compositions and film made therefrom having improved optical and oxygen barrier properties
US5281360A (en) * 1990-01-31 1994-01-25 American National Can Company Barrier composition and articles made therefrom
US6083220A (en) 1990-03-13 2000-07-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Endovascular electrolytically detachable wire and tip for the formation of thrombus in arteries, veins, aneurysms, vascular malformations and arteriovenous fistulas
US5108407A (en) * 1990-06-08 1992-04-28 Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center Method and apparatus for placement of an embolic coil
US5167624A (en) * 1990-11-09 1992-12-01 Catheter Research, Inc. Embolus delivery system and method
US5133731A (en) * 1990-11-09 1992-07-28 Catheter Research, Inc. Embolus supply system and method
BE1004334A3 (en) * 1991-01-08 1992-11-03 Solvay Polymer compositions properties and barrier packaging materials a shaped therefrom.
EP0510591A3 (en) 1991-04-23 1993-07-21 Becton Dickinson And Company Polymer compositions and their blends
FI922379A (en) * 1991-06-19 1992-12-20 Chevron Res & Tech SYREAVLAEGSNANDE HOMOGENA BLANDNINGAR AV EN MODIFIEDAD POLYOLEFIN, EN OXIDERBAR POLYMER OCH ETT METALLSALT
US5211875A (en) * 1991-06-27 1993-05-18 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Methods and compositions for oxygen scavenging
US5226911A (en) * 1991-10-02 1993-07-13 Target Therapeutics Vasoocclusion coil with attached fibrous element(s)
US5258233A (en) * 1992-04-02 1993-11-02 Eastman Kodak Company Polyester/polyamide blend having improved flavor retaining property and clarity
US5350397A (en) * 1992-11-13 1994-09-27 Target Therapeutics, Inc. Axially detachable embolic coil assembly
US5312415A (en) * 1992-09-22 1994-05-17 Target Therapeutics, Inc. Assembly for placement of embolic coils using frictional placement
US5382259A (en) * 1992-10-26 1995-01-17 Target Therapeutics, Inc. Vasoocclusion coil with attached tubular woven or braided fibrous covering
US5382260A (en) * 1992-10-30 1995-01-17 Interventional Therapeutics Corp. Embolization device and apparatus including an introducer cartridge and method for delivering the same
US5690666A (en) * 1992-11-18 1997-11-25 Target Therapeutics, Inc. Ultrasoft embolism coils and process for using them
US5744056A (en) * 1993-07-16 1998-04-28 Amoco Corporation Oxygen-scavenging compositions and articles
NZ275751A (en) 1993-10-25 1997-02-24 American National Can Co Blend of polyester and xylylene-containing polyamide and transition metal catalyst; use in films or packaging, as intermediate layer between two outer polyester layers of multilayer film
JP2535785B2 (en) * 1994-06-03 1996-09-18 工業技術院長 Vascular embolic agent
US5759653A (en) * 1994-12-14 1998-06-02 Continental Pet Technologies, Inc. Oxygen scavenging composition for multilayer preform and container
US5814062A (en) * 1994-12-22 1998-09-29 Target Therapeutics, Inc. Implant delivery assembly with expandable coupling/decoupling mechanism
US5578074A (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-11-26 Target Therapeutics, Inc. Implant delivery method and assembly
US5750585A (en) * 1995-04-04 1998-05-12 Purdue Research Foundation Super absorbent hydrogel foams
US5645558A (en) * 1995-04-20 1997-07-08 Medical University Of South Carolina Anatomically shaped vasoocclusive device and method of making the same
US5609608A (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-03-11 Regents Of The University Of California Miniature plastic gripper and fabrication method
US5624461A (en) * 1995-06-06 1997-04-29 Target Therapeutics, Inc. Three dimensional in-filling vaso-occlusive coils
US5596069A (en) 1995-06-08 1997-01-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Catalyst and process for producing catalyst
US5582619A (en) * 1995-06-30 1996-12-10 Target Therapeutics, Inc. Stretch resistant vaso-occlusive coils
US5580568A (en) * 1995-07-27 1996-12-03 Micro Therapeutics, Inc. Cellulose diacetate compositions for use in embolizing blood vessels
US5658308A (en) * 1995-12-04 1997-08-19 Target Therapeutics, Inc. Bioactive occlusion coil
US5832198A (en) * 1996-03-07 1998-11-03 Philips Electronics North America Corporation Multiple disk drive array with plural parity groups
US5823198A (en) 1996-07-31 1998-10-20 Micro Therapeutics, Inc. Method and apparatus for intravasculer embolization
US5965653A (en) * 1997-02-26 1999-10-12 Orient Chemical Industries, Ltd. Polyethylene terephthalate resin composition, molded product and resin modifying method
US5911737A (en) * 1997-02-28 1999-06-15 The Regents Of The University Of California Microfabricated therapeutic actuators
US5817101A (en) * 1997-03-13 1998-10-06 Schneider (Usa) Inc Fluid actuated stent delivery system
WO1999006097A1 (en) 1997-07-30 1999-02-11 Heartport, Inc. Endovascular coronary sinus catheter and method of use
AU8970698A (en) 1997-09-16 1999-04-05 Luscher, Patrick Device for implanting filamentous materials
US6048338A (en) * 1997-10-15 2000-04-11 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Catheter with spiral cut transition member
US6113622A (en) 1998-03-10 2000-09-05 Cordis Corporation Embolic coil hydraulic deployment system
US6183491B1 (en) 1998-03-10 2001-02-06 Cordis Corporation Embolic coil deployment system with improved embolic coil
US6063100A (en) * 1998-03-10 2000-05-16 Cordis Corporation Embolic coil deployment system with improved embolic coil
US6068644A (en) 1998-03-10 2000-05-30 Cordis Corporation Embolic coil hydraulic deployment system having improved catheter
US6117142A (en) 1998-03-10 2000-09-12 Cordis Corporation Embolic coil hydraulic deployment system with improved syringe injector
US6015424A (en) * 1998-04-28 2000-01-18 Microvention, Inc. Apparatus and method for vascular embolization
WO2000021443A1 (en) 1998-10-09 2000-04-20 Cook Incorporated Vasoocclusion coil device having a core therein
US6102932A (en) 1998-12-15 2000-08-15 Micrus Corporation Intravascular device push wire delivery system
EP1010396B1 (en) 1998-12-16 2003-05-07 Arthesys Catheter system for release of embolization coils by hydraulic pressure
JP2001002135A (en) * 1999-06-23 2001-01-09 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Plastic container
US6544225B1 (en) 2000-02-29 2003-04-08 Cordis Neurovascular, Inc. Embolic coil hydraulic deployment system with purge mechanism
US6514264B1 (en) 2000-06-01 2003-02-04 Cordis Neurovascular, Inc. Embolic coil hydraulic deployment system with purge mechanism
IT1318600B1 (en) 2000-06-28 2003-08-27 Sinco Ricerche Spa PREPARATION OF POLYESTER RESINS USING DIPOLYLENAMIDE MASTERBATCH.
US6554849B1 (en) 2000-09-11 2003-04-29 Cordis Corporation Intravascular embolization device
US6933055B2 (en) * 2000-11-08 2005-08-23 Valspar Sourcing, Inc. Multilayered package with barrier properties
US6494884B2 (en) 2001-02-09 2002-12-17 Concentric Medical, Inc. Methods and devices for delivering occlusion elements
JP4296476B2 (en) * 2002-03-19 2009-07-15 東洋紡績株式会社 Polyester composition and molded article comprising the same
AU2003241749A1 (en) * 2002-06-03 2003-12-19 Yoshitaka Etho Polyester composition and packaging material comprising the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020037377A1 (en) * 1998-02-03 2002-03-28 Schmidt Steven L. Enhanced oxygen-scavenging polymers, and packaging made therefrom
WO2002038673A2 (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-16 Valspar Sourcing, Inc. Multilayered package with barrier properties
US20030027912A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-02-06 Deborah Tung Oxygen-scavenging resin compositions having low haze

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Cohen, Abby. et al., "Beverage Containers: Manufacturing, Recycling and Public Policy" January 24, 2003 http://web.mit.edu/course/3/3s32/www/cohen.html *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11155398B2 (en) 2017-04-05 2021-10-26 Kikkoman Corporation Dispensing container
EP3693283A4 (en) * 2017-10-06 2021-10-20 Kikkoman Corporation Synthetic resin multilayer bottle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5507530B2 (en) 2014-05-28
EP2272912B1 (en) 2017-12-13
JP2012101546A (en) 2012-05-31
KR20120094006A (en) 2012-08-23
EP2272912A3 (en) 2012-02-29
EP1713860A2 (en) 2006-10-25
KR20070007096A (en) 2007-01-12
EP1713860B1 (en) 2012-06-13
WO2005083003A3 (en) 2005-10-20
KR101186759B1 (en) 2012-09-28
JP2007522049A (en) 2007-08-09
US20050181155A1 (en) 2005-08-18
AU2005217350A1 (en) 2005-09-09
CN1942519B (en) 2012-04-18
CN1942519A (en) 2007-04-04
US8192676B2 (en) 2012-06-05
EP2272912A2 (en) 2011-01-12
KR101258383B1 (en) 2013-04-30
WO2005083003A2 (en) 2005-09-09
JP5161462B2 (en) 2013-03-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8192676B2 (en) Container having barrier properties and method of manufacturing the same
US7230067B2 (en) Masterbatch and production method of oxygen-absorbing molded article
EP1852467B1 (en) Multilayer packaging products
EP1366119B9 (en) Oxygen scavenging polyamide compositions suitable for pet bottle applications
US7560151B2 (en) Multilayered package with barrier properties
EP2402396B1 (en) Oxygen scavenging plastic material
CA2466451C (en) Multilayer container
EP2708574A1 (en) Oxygen scavenging plastic material
EP1192222B1 (en) Polyester compositions of low residual aldehyde content
JP2004351927A (en) Multilayered container
JP4678141B2 (en) Masterbatch and method for producing oxygen-absorbing molded body

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION