US20120216975A1 - Glass Mat with Synthetic Wood Pulp - Google Patents

Glass Mat with Synthetic Wood Pulp Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20120216975A1
US20120216975A1 US13/196,013 US201113196013A US2012216975A1 US 20120216975 A1 US20120216975 A1 US 20120216975A1 US 201113196013 A US201113196013 A US 201113196013A US 2012216975 A1 US2012216975 A1 US 2012216975A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
wood pulp
mat
synthetic wood
mixture
glass fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/196,013
Inventor
Jay Forlino
Kazuyuki Sakamoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
POROUS POWER TECHNOLOGIES (F/K/A PPT OPCO LLC) LLC
Original Assignee
Porous Power Tech LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Porous Power Tech LLC filed Critical Porous Power Tech LLC
Priority to US13/196,013 priority Critical patent/US20120216975A1/en
Assigned to POROUS POWER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC reassignment POROUS POWER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FORLINO, JAY, SAKAMOTO, KAZUYKI
Assigned to POROUS POWER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC (F/K/A PPT OPCO, LLC) reassignment POROUS POWER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC (F/K/A PPT OPCO, LLC) ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: POROUS POWER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
Publication of US20120216975A1 publication Critical patent/US20120216975A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/12Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H13/14Polyalkenes, e.g. polystyrene polyethylene
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/02Synthetic cellulose fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/38Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
    • D21H13/40Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous vitreous, e.g. mineral wool, glass fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/04Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/08Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material
    • D21H25/12Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with an essentially cylindrical body, e.g. roll or rod
    • D21H25/14Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with an essentially cylindrical body, e.g. roll or rod the body being a casting drum, a heated roll or a calender

Definitions

  • Non-woven mats are used in many applications, such as battery separators that may be placed between electrodes in various types of batteries. In some battery applications, very thin mats may be useful to increase battery performance. Other applications may also benefit from non-woven mats as well.
  • a non-woven mat may be generated using synthetic wood pulp and short glass fibers.
  • the non-woven mat may be made in very thin, light weight configurations for various uses.
  • the synthetic wood pulp may serve as a dispersant to disperse the glass fibers in a mixture prior to using paper making techniques to form the mat.
  • a heat flux may bind the glass fibers by melting the synthetic wood pulp to form a mat.
  • the mat may be calendared.
  • the mat may have a secondary application of a polymer, such as PVDF or PMMA which may further strengthen the mat.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustration of an embodiment showing a method for manufacturing a mat.
  • a mat may be formed from short glass fibers bound by a synthetic wood pulp.
  • the synthetic wood pulp may act as both a dispersant to help keep the glass fibers from clumping prior to mat forming, as well as a binder to bind the glass fibers together after mat forming.
  • the synthetic wood pulp may be a polyolefin, polyethylene or polypropylene fibrous material that may have a high moisture content when mixed with short glass fibers in a liquid carrier.
  • the liquid carrier may be water which may or may not have a thickening agent added.
  • the mixture may be mixed or processed to disperse the glass fibers and synthetic wood pulp, then a non-woven glass mat may be formed by passing the mixture through a screen to deposit the fibers.
  • the mat may be heat stabilized to bind the glass fibers using the synthetic wood pulp.
  • the mat may be subsequently processed using calendering, additional heat treatments, and additional polymer coatings.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart diagram of an embodiment 100 showing a method for manufacturing a glass fiber non-woven mat.
  • Embodiment 100 is a simplified example of a manufacturing process. In other embodiments, some steps may be omitted or other steps added. In some embodiments, the steps may be performed in different sequences, in parallel with other steps, or performed with different dependencies or other operations.
  • Embodiment 100 is an example of a manufacturing process that may produce a mat of glass or other fibers that are bound with a polymer matrix.
  • the mat may be very thin and largely porous.
  • Such embodiments may be as thin as 0.001 in or less and have an areal weight of 5 to 12 grams/meter squared.
  • Short fibers such as fibers that are 0.25 in, 0.50 in, 1.0 in or less may not intertwine or entangle to create effective mats. Such fibers may form a mat when a binder is used to adhere or bind the fibers together.
  • the process of embodiment 100 creates a mixture in which glass fibers and a binder material are dispersed, then passes the mixture through a screen to deposit the fibers and binder material.
  • the fibers and binder material are heated to flux the binder material and form the mat.
  • the mat may then be post processed.
  • Embodiment 100 creates a first mixture and a second mixture.
  • the first mixture may use a thickening agent to increase viscosity of the liquid to more effectively disperse the fibers and binding agent.
  • the second mixture is much more dilute and may be used to lay the fibers onto a screen.
  • the first mixture may be formed.
  • the first mixture may include both the glass fibers and the binding agent.
  • the glass fibers may be chopped glass fibers of 0.25 in, 0.50 in, 1.00 in or less. In some embodiments, the fibers may be longer or shorter.
  • the binding agent may be a synthetic wood pulp.
  • Synthetic wood pulp may be a polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, or other polymer that may be produced in a manner that resembled fibrous wood pulp.
  • Synthetic wood pulp may be commercially available under the trade name Fybrel by Mitsui Chemicals in a variety of materials and densities.
  • the ratio of synthetic wood pulp to glass fibers is preferably between 50% to 70%, but some embodiments may use a ratio of 40% to 80%.
  • the first mixture may be an aqueous solution that includes 1%, 2%, or more of polyethylene oxide.
  • the polyethylene oxide may serve to increase the viscosity of the mixture and better hold the dispersed fibers in suspension.
  • the first mixture may undergo ultrasonic agitation in block 104 .
  • Ultrasonic agitation may further enhance dispersion in some embodiments.
  • the first mixture may be further diluted with water to create a second mixture.
  • the dilution in block 106 may yield a mixture with 75-150 mg of fibers to 800 ml of liquid.
  • Other embodiments may have ratios of fibers to liquid that are 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, or higher or lower ratios.
  • the mixture While in the second mixture, the mixture may be continually mixed prior to mat forming.
  • the glass fibers may have a tendency to clump or group together if the mixture is kept too long without agitation.
  • the mixture may be passed across a screen in block 110 to remove the liquid and capture the fibers and binding agent.
  • the process of block 110 may be a wet dip paper making operation, Fourdrinier process, or other mechanism.
  • the glass fibers and binding agent may be dispersed across the surface of the screen.
  • the thickness and structure of the finished mat may depend on how much fiber and binding agent has been deposited on the screen in block 110 . For a thicker mat, more fibers and binding agent may be deposited and for a thinner mat, less fibers and binding agent may be deposited.
  • the amount of fibers deposited on the mat may be varied by changing the amount of mixture passed through the screen as well as by changing the ratio of fibers and binding agent to the liquid.
  • a first heat step may be applied to the mat.
  • the first heat step may soften the binding agent to the point that at least some of the glass fibers may be held together.
  • the first heat step of block 112 may be performed while the fibers and binding agent are still on the screen from block 110 and before removing the mat from the screen in block 114 .
  • the mat may be removed from the screen and into a heated roller or other mechanism for applying the first heat step.
  • the first heat step may raise the temperature of the mat to 100 to 120 Celsius.
  • the first heat step may serve to at least partially form the mat.
  • the partially formed mat may then undergo a second heat step to fully flux the binding agent.
  • the first heat step may be sufficient to hold the mat together for processing until the second heat step may be applied.
  • the second heat step may raise the temperature of the mat to 140 to 160 Celsius.
  • the second heat step of block 116 may cause the binding agent to fully melt to hold the glass fibers together to form the mat.
  • the mat may be post processed in block 118 .
  • the post processing may include calendering, embossing, slitting, or other secondary processes.
  • the mat may have a second polymer coating applied in block 120 .
  • the second polymer coating may add a different polymer than the binding agent.
  • the second polymer coating may serve as a sizing, adhesive, finish, or other purpose for the subsequent use of the mat.
  • the second polymer coating may be PVDF, PMMA, or other polymer.
  • the second polymer coating may be formed by dissolving the second polymer in a solvent and diluting the solution, then applying the solution to the mat, and drying the solution to leave the polymer coating on the mat.
  • a PMMA coating may be performed by creating a solution of 20-25% PMMA to toluene and then diluting the solution with acetone to create a 2-4% solution.
  • the solution may be applied by dip coating, spraying, or other method to the mat.
  • the mat may be air dried to from a PMMA coated mat.
  • a PVDF coating may be performed by creating a solution of 10-40% PVDF to NMP and further diluting the solution with acetone to create a 2-4% solution.
  • the solution may be applied by dip coating, spraying, or other method to the mat.
  • the mat may be air dried and heated to form a PVDF coated mat.
  • the process of embodiment 100 may be used to form very thin mats in some cases.
  • the mats may be as thin as 0.005 in or thinner, such as mats that are 0.003 in, 0.002 in, 0.001 in or thinner.
  • the mats formed by embodiment 100 may also be thicker.
  • the mats produced by embodiment 100 may have very low areal weights, such as areal weights of 50, 20, 15, 10, 5, or lower grams/meter squared. In many embodiments, the mats formed by embodiment 100 may be heavier.
  • the mats produced by embodiment 100 may be used in various applications.
  • the mats may be used alone or incorporated into other materials.
  • the mats may be used alone as air permeable or liquid permeable filters.
  • the mats may be coated with a polymer or other coating that may form a porous material.
  • the mat may provide some structural integrity for the porous material that may be desired for mechanical handling of the porous material during manufacturing or as a component within a device using the porous material.
  • the mat may provide some strength to avoid puncturing the filter during use.
  • the mat may be coated with a PVDF solution that may form a microporous structure around the mat.
  • the PVDF microporous material may be inherently structurally weak, but the mat of embodiment 100 may provide sufficient strength for processing the PVDF structure as well as post processing when the coated mat is used to assemble products.
  • One such product may be an electrochemical cell, such as a battery or supercapacitor, where a microporous PVDF structure formed over a mat may act as a separator between electrodes.
  • the microporous material may be saturated with electrolyte in which ions may flow from one electrode to another during charging and discharging.
  • the very light areal weights of the mats of embodiment 100 may provide large areas where ions may pass. Because the fibers of the mat may be sparsely spread out, the mat fibers may not severely inhibit ion flow. As the density of the fibers increases, the ion flow may be restricted. Thus, the light areal weights may be preferred for battery separators or similar applications.
  • the mats of embodiment 100 may give some mechanical structural properties to the delicate PVDF microporous material.
  • the mechanical properties may help during manufacturing of the PVDF material as well as during assembly of a battery or similar device.
  • the combination of a very light areal weight but with enough bonding of the fibers in the mat may provide a good tradeoff between mechanical strength during manufacturing against the performance of the electrochemical device.
  • the separators are manufactured from Synthetic Wood Pulp (SWP) and glass fibers using a PVDF binder.
  • the separators have been used in several lithium ion batteries.
  • the discharge power capabilities of some of the batteries are shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 2 is a graph depicting the discharge power capabilities of lithium ion batteries having different battery separators.
  • Control batteries labeled “JOA26Av” and “JOA44-7” use a commercially available separator, while the five batteries labeled “JOA10xx” represent batteries manufactured with various SWP-based separators.
  • JOA1001 uses a 61% glass/39% SWP nonwoven web.
  • JOA1021 uses an 80% bi-component fiber/20% SWP.
  • JOA1023 uses a 60% bi-component fiber/40% SWP.
  • JOA1025 uses 80% glass/20% SWP, and JOA1027 uses a 70% glass/30% SWP composition.
  • Each of the JOA10xx samples use a non-woven web having the various compositions coated with a PVDF-based porous material.
  • the batteries manufactured using the SWP-based non-woven web produce acceptable results.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

A non-woven mat may be generated using synthetic wood pulp and short glass fibers. The non-woven mat may be made in very thin, light weight configurations for various uses. The synthetic wood pulp may serve as a dispersant to disperse the glass fibers in a mixture prior to using paper making techniques to form the mat. A heat flux may bind the glass fibers by melting the synthetic wood pulp to form a mat. The mat may be calendered. In some embodiments, the mat may have a secondary application of a polymer, such as PVDF or PMMA which may further strengthen the mat.

Description

    BACKGROUND
  • Non-woven mats are used in many applications, such as battery separators that may be placed between electrodes in various types of batteries. In some battery applications, very thin mats may be useful to increase battery performance. Other applications may also benefit from non-woven mats as well.
  • SUMMARY
  • A non-woven mat may be generated using synthetic wood pulp and short glass fibers. The non-woven mat may be made in very thin, light weight configurations for various uses. The synthetic wood pulp may serve as a dispersant to disperse the glass fibers in a mixture prior to using paper making techniques to form the mat. A heat flux may bind the glass fibers by melting the synthetic wood pulp to form a mat. The mat may be calendared. In some embodiments, the mat may have a secondary application of a polymer, such as PVDF or PMMA which may further strengthen the mat.
  • This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • In the drawings,
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustration of an embodiment showing a method for manufacturing a mat.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • A mat may be formed from short glass fibers bound by a synthetic wood pulp. The synthetic wood pulp may act as both a dispersant to help keep the glass fibers from clumping prior to mat forming, as well as a binder to bind the glass fibers together after mat forming.
  • The synthetic wood pulp may be a polyolefin, polyethylene or polypropylene fibrous material that may have a high moisture content when mixed with short glass fibers in a liquid carrier. In many cases, the liquid carrier may be water which may or may not have a thickening agent added. The mixture may be mixed or processed to disperse the glass fibers and synthetic wood pulp, then a non-woven glass mat may be formed by passing the mixture through a screen to deposit the fibers.
  • Once a mat has been formed, the mat may be heat stabilized to bind the glass fibers using the synthetic wood pulp. The mat may be subsequently processed using calendering, additional heat treatments, and additional polymer coatings.
  • Specific embodiments of the subject matter are used to illustrate specific inventive aspects. The embodiments are by way of example only, and are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. The appended claims are intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
  • Throughout this specification, like reference numbers signify the same elements throughout the description of the figures.
  • When elements are referred to as being “connected” or “coupled,” the elements can be directly connected or coupled together or one or more intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when elements are referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled,” there are no intervening elements present.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart diagram of an embodiment 100 showing a method for manufacturing a glass fiber non-woven mat. Embodiment 100 is a simplified example of a manufacturing process. In other embodiments, some steps may be omitted or other steps added. In some embodiments, the steps may be performed in different sequences, in parallel with other steps, or performed with different dependencies or other operations.
  • Embodiment 100 is an example of a manufacturing process that may produce a mat of glass or other fibers that are bound with a polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the mat may be very thin and largely porous. Such embodiments may be as thin as 0.001 in or less and have an areal weight of 5 to 12 grams/meter squared.
  • Forming mats from short glass fibers can be challenging for several reasons. Short fibers, such as fibers that are 0.25 in, 0.50 in, 1.0 in or less may not intertwine or entangle to create effective mats. Such fibers may form a mat when a binder is used to adhere or bind the fibers together.
  • The process of embodiment 100 creates a mixture in which glass fibers and a binder material are dispersed, then passes the mixture through a screen to deposit the fibers and binder material. The fibers and binder material are heated to flux the binder material and form the mat. The mat may then be post processed.
  • Embodiment 100 creates a first mixture and a second mixture. The first mixture may use a thickening agent to increase viscosity of the liquid to more effectively disperse the fibers and binding agent. The second mixture is much more dilute and may be used to lay the fibers onto a screen.
  • In block 102, the first mixture may be formed. The first mixture may include both the glass fibers and the binding agent. In some embodiments, the glass fibers may be chopped glass fibers of 0.25 in, 0.50 in, 1.00 in or less. In some embodiments, the fibers may be longer or shorter.
  • The binding agent may be a synthetic wood pulp. Synthetic wood pulp may be a polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, or other polymer that may be produced in a manner that resembled fibrous wood pulp. Synthetic wood pulp may be commercially available under the trade name Fybrel by Mitsui Chemicals in a variety of materials and densities.
  • The addition of synthetic wood pulp to short glass fibers in an aqueous solution causes the glass fibers to disperse. Without the synthetic wood pulp, the glass fibers may tend to clump, which may lead to uneven mat formation.
  • The ratio of synthetic wood pulp to glass fibers is preferably between 50% to 70%, but some embodiments may use a ratio of 40% to 80%.
  • The first mixture may be an aqueous solution that includes 1%, 2%, or more of polyethylene oxide. The polyethylene oxide may serve to increase the viscosity of the mixture and better hold the dispersed fibers in suspension.
  • After creating the first mixture and mechanically stirring the mixture, the first mixture may undergo ultrasonic agitation in block 104. Ultrasonic agitation may further enhance dispersion in some embodiments.
  • In block 106, the first mixture may be further diluted with water to create a second mixture. The dilution in block 106 may yield a mixture with 75-150 mg of fibers to 800 ml of liquid. Other embodiments may have ratios of fibers to liquid that are 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, or higher or lower ratios.
  • While in the second mixture, the mixture may be continually mixed prior to mat forming. The glass fibers may have a tendency to clump or group together if the mixture is kept too long without agitation.
  • The mixture may be passed across a screen in block 110 to remove the liquid and capture the fibers and binding agent. The process of block 110 may be a wet dip paper making operation, Fourdrinier process, or other mechanism. At the end of block 110, the glass fibers and binding agent may be dispersed across the surface of the screen.
  • The thickness and structure of the finished mat may depend on how much fiber and binding agent has been deposited on the screen in block 110. For a thicker mat, more fibers and binding agent may be deposited and for a thinner mat, less fibers and binding agent may be deposited. The amount of fibers deposited on the mat may be varied by changing the amount of mixture passed through the screen as well as by changing the ratio of fibers and binding agent to the liquid.
  • In block 112, a first heat step may be applied to the mat. The first heat step may soften the binding agent to the point that at least some of the glass fibers may be held together. In some embodiments, the first heat step of block 112 may be performed while the fibers and binding agent are still on the screen from block 110 and before removing the mat from the screen in block 114. In other embodiments, the mat may be removed from the screen and into a heated roller or other mechanism for applying the first heat step.
  • In the case of an embodiment with polypropylene synthetic wood pulp, the first heat step may raise the temperature of the mat to 100 to 120 Celsius.
  • The first heat step may serve to at least partially form the mat. The partially formed mat may then undergo a second heat step to fully flux the binding agent. In an embodiment with two heat steps, the first heat step may be sufficient to hold the mat together for processing until the second heat step may be applied.
  • In the case of an embodiment with polypropylene synthetic wood pulp, the second heat step may raise the temperature of the mat to 140 to 160 Celsius.
  • The second heat step of block 116 may cause the binding agent to fully melt to hold the glass fibers together to form the mat.
  • The mat may be post processed in block 118. The post processing may include calendering, embossing, slitting, or other secondary processes.
  • In some embodiments, the mat may have a second polymer coating applied in block 120. The second polymer coating may add a different polymer than the binding agent. The second polymer coating may serve as a sizing, adhesive, finish, or other purpose for the subsequent use of the mat.
  • In some embodiments, the second polymer coating may be PVDF, PMMA, or other polymer. The second polymer coating may be formed by dissolving the second polymer in a solvent and diluting the solution, then applying the solution to the mat, and drying the solution to leave the polymer coating on the mat.
  • For example, a PMMA coating may be performed by creating a solution of 20-25% PMMA to toluene and then diluting the solution with acetone to create a 2-4% solution. The solution may be applied by dip coating, spraying, or other method to the mat. The mat may be air dried to from a PMMA coated mat.
  • In another example, a PVDF coating may be performed by creating a solution of 10-40% PVDF to NMP and further diluting the solution with acetone to create a 2-4% solution. The solution may be applied by dip coating, spraying, or other method to the mat. The mat may be air dried and heated to form a PVDF coated mat.
  • The process of embodiment 100 may be used to form very thin mats in some cases. The mats may be as thin as 0.005 in or thinner, such as mats that are 0.003 in, 0.002 in, 0.001 in or thinner. In many embodiments, the mats formed by embodiment 100 may also be thicker.
  • The mats produced by embodiment 100 may have very low areal weights, such as areal weights of 50, 20, 15, 10, 5, or lower grams/meter squared. In many embodiments, the mats formed by embodiment 100 may be heavier.
  • The mats produced by embodiment 100 may be used in various applications. The mats may be used alone or incorporated into other materials.
  • In some uses, the mats may be used alone as air permeable or liquid permeable filters.
  • In other uses, the mats may be coated with a polymer or other coating that may form a porous material. In such uses, the mat may provide some structural integrity for the porous material that may be desired for mechanical handling of the porous material during manufacturing or as a component within a device using the porous material. For example, when used as a filter, the mat may provide some strength to avoid puncturing the filter during use.
  • In one embodiment, the mat may be coated with a PVDF solution that may form a microporous structure around the mat. The PVDF microporous material may be inherently structurally weak, but the mat of embodiment 100 may provide sufficient strength for processing the PVDF structure as well as post processing when the coated mat is used to assemble products.
  • One such product may be an electrochemical cell, such as a battery or supercapacitor, where a microporous PVDF structure formed over a mat may act as a separator between electrodes. The microporous material may be saturated with electrolyte in which ions may flow from one electrode to another during charging and discharging.
  • In such an application, the very light areal weights of the mats of embodiment 100 may provide large areas where ions may pass. Because the fibers of the mat may be sparsely spread out, the mat fibers may not severely inhibit ion flow. As the density of the fibers increases, the ion flow may be restricted. Thus, the light areal weights may be preferred for battery separators or similar applications.
  • The mats of embodiment 100 may give some mechanical structural properties to the delicate PVDF microporous material. The mechanical properties may help during manufacturing of the PVDF material as well as during assembly of a battery or similar device.
  • The combination of a very light areal weight but with enough bonding of the fibers in the mat may provide a good tradeoff between mechanical strength during manufacturing against the performance of the electrochemical device.
  • Samples
  • Several samples have been manufactured. Two of the samples are listed in Table 1 with various physical properties. The separators are manufactured from Synthetic Wood Pulp (SWP) and glass fibers using a PVDF binder.
  • TABLE 1
    Separator Dry Basis Wt. Air Tensile
    Information Dry “As Permeation Load Mod.
    Film Bulk is” Adj., Puncture Avg, Adj. MD, MD,
    Cell Type/ NW Web Gauge, Den., Wt., g/m2/ Avg. Adjusted, sec./ s/100 cc/ N/ N/
    ID ID Type/ID μm g/cc g/m2 mil load, g g/mil 100 cc mil mm2 mm2
    JOA HPX, 60% Glass/ 31.4 0.48 15.1 12.2 39 32 17.2 13.9 10.4 1364.4
    105-3 JOA 40% SWP
    to -5 105-1 JFA70-1
    JOA HPX, 50% Glass/ 28.8 0.52 15.0 13.3 44.5 39 33.2 29.3 11.4 1200.0
    105-6 JOA 50% SWP
    to -8 105-2 JFA70-2
  • Additionally, the separators have been used in several lithium ion batteries. The discharge power capabilities of some of the batteries are shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph depicting the discharge power capabilities of lithium ion batteries having different battery separators. Control batteries labeled “JOA26Av” and “JOA44-7” use a commercially available separator, while the five batteries labeled “JOA10xx” represent batteries manufactured with various SWP-based separators.
  • Specifically, JOA1001 uses a 61% glass/39% SWP nonwoven web. JOA1021 uses an 80% bi-component fiber/20% SWP. JOA1023 uses a 60% bi-component fiber/40% SWP. JOA1025 uses 80% glass/20% SWP, and JOA1027 uses a 70% glass/30% SWP composition.
  • Each of the JOA10xx samples use a non-woven web having the various compositions coated with a PVDF-based porous material.
  • From the figure, the batteries manufactured using the SWP-based non-woven web produce acceptable results.
  • The foregoing description of the subject matter has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the subject matter to the precise form disclosed, and other modifications and variations may be possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the appended claims be construed to include other alternative embodiments except insofar as limited by the prior art.

Claims (20)

1. A method for manufacturing a glass fiber non-woven mat for use as a separator for an electrochemical cell, said method comprising:
creating a mixture comprising glass fibers, synthetic wood pulp, and a liquid carrier;
mixing said mixture to disperse and suspend said glass fibers and said synthetic wood pulp in said liquid carrier;
passing said mixture through a screen to deposit said glass fibers and said synthetic wood pulp onto said screen;
heating said glass fibers and said synthetic wood pulp to at least partially melt said synthetic wood pulp and at least partially bind said glass fibers to create said glass fiber non-woven mat.
2. The method of claim 1, said mixture comprising a ratio of said synthetic wood pulp to said glass fibers between 40% and 80%.
3. The method of claim 2, said mixture comprising at least 1% polyethylene oxide.
4. The method of claim 2, said synthetic wood pulp being polyethylene having a moisture content of at least 25%.
5. The method of claim 4, said glass fibers having a nominal length of no more than 0.5 inches.
6. The method of claim 5, said glass fibers having a nominal length of no more than 0.25 inches.
7. The method of claim 6, said heating comprising a first heating step and a second heating step, said first heating step being performed at least partially while said glass fibers and said synthetic wood pulp are on said screen and said second heating step being performed after said glass fibers and said synthetic wood pulp are removed from said screen.
8. The method of claim 7, said second heating step being a higher temperature than said first heating step.
9. The method of claim 8, said method further comprising:
calendering said glass fiber non-woven mat.
10. The method of claim 9, said calendering comprising said second heating step.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
applying a second polymer to said glass fiber non-woven mat.
12. The method of claim 11, said second polymer being a different polymer from said synthetic wood pulp.
13. The method of claim 12, said second polymer being PVDF.
14. The method of claim 12, said second polymer being PMMA.
15. The method of claim 1, said mixture being created by a mixing method comprising:
performing a first mixing operation said synthetic wood pulp in a first mixture comprising polyethylene oxide and water; and
diluting said first mixture with water to form said mixture.
16. The method of claim 15, said first mixing operation comprising ultrasonic mixing.
17. The method of claim 16, said first mixture comprising no more than 4% polyethylene oxide.
18. The method of claim 17, said first mixture comprising no more than 2% polyethylene oxide.
19. The method of claim 1, said glass fiber non-woven web having an areal weight between 5 and 20 grams per meter squared.
20. The method of claim 1, said glass fiber non-woven web having an areal weight of less than 10 grams per meter squared.
US13/196,013 2011-02-25 2011-08-02 Glass Mat with Synthetic Wood Pulp Abandoned US20120216975A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/196,013 US20120216975A1 (en) 2011-02-25 2011-08-02 Glass Mat with Synthetic Wood Pulp

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161446985P 2011-02-25 2011-02-25
US13/196,013 US20120216975A1 (en) 2011-02-25 2011-08-02 Glass Mat with Synthetic Wood Pulp

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120216975A1 true US20120216975A1 (en) 2012-08-30

Family

ID=46718200

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/196,013 Abandoned US20120216975A1 (en) 2011-02-25 2011-08-02 Glass Mat with Synthetic Wood Pulp

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US20120216975A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9279250B2 (en) 2013-12-24 2016-03-08 Awi Licensing Company Low density acoustical panels

Citations (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2658848A (en) * 1951-11-17 1953-11-10 Glass Fibers Inc Method for making glass paper
US2692220A (en) * 1951-11-19 1954-10-19 Glass Fibers Inc Method for making glass paper
US2721139A (en) * 1952-08-27 1955-10-18 Hurlbut Paper Company Paper manufacture
US2971877A (en) * 1956-03-05 1961-02-14 Hurlbut Paper Company Synthetic fiber paper and process for producing the same
US2973398A (en) * 1957-12-23 1961-02-28 Ohmies Ltd Method and apparatus for manufacturing battery separators
US2999788A (en) * 1958-12-09 1961-09-12 Du Pont Synthetic polymer fibrid paper
US3039914A (en) * 1959-07-07 1962-06-19 Little Inc A Process for forming a bonded wetformed web and resulting product
US3123518A (en) * 1964-03-03 Dryer
US3743272A (en) * 1971-04-12 1973-07-03 Crown Zellerbach Corp Process of forming polyolefin fibers
US3891499A (en) * 1971-06-03 1975-06-24 Crown Zellerbach Int Inc Synthetic papermaking pulp and process of manufacture
US3902957A (en) * 1973-04-05 1975-09-02 Crown Zellerbach Corp Process of making fibers
US3920508A (en) * 1971-10-12 1975-11-18 Crown Zellerbach Corp Polyolefin pulp and process for producing same
US3987139A (en) * 1972-03-20 1976-10-19 Crown Zellerbach Corporation Process of forming synthetic fibers
US3995001A (en) * 1973-01-22 1976-11-30 Stamicarbon B.V. Process for preparing polymer fibers
US3997648A (en) * 1972-01-03 1976-12-14 Gulf Research & Development Company Fibril formation process
US4007247A (en) * 1972-09-26 1977-02-08 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Production of fibrils
US4216281A (en) * 1978-08-21 1980-08-05 W. R. Grace & Co. Battery separator
US4279979A (en) * 1978-11-09 1981-07-21 The Dexter Corporation Nonwoven fibrous substrate for battery separator
US4318774A (en) * 1980-05-01 1982-03-09 Powell Corporation Composite nonwoven web
US4367271A (en) * 1980-01-12 1983-01-04 Nihon Mukiseni Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Storage battery separator
US4387144A (en) * 1977-05-11 1983-06-07 Tullis Russell & Company Limited Battery separator material
US4529481A (en) * 1979-06-11 1985-07-16 Teijin Ltd. Synthetic polyester pulp and process for preparing same
US4618401A (en) * 1982-02-02 1986-10-21 Texon, Inc. Battery separator material
US4681658A (en) * 1982-09-24 1987-07-21 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and nonwoven sheet-like mat and method
US4681802A (en) * 1984-10-05 1987-07-21 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and aqueous dispersion and nonwoven mat of the glass fibers
US4698267A (en) * 1985-09-17 1987-10-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High density para-aramid papers
US4729921A (en) * 1984-10-19 1988-03-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High density para-aramid papers
US4810576A (en) * 1985-09-30 1989-03-07 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and aqueous dispersion and nonwoven mat of the glass fibers
US4833011A (en) * 1986-09-08 1989-05-23 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Synthetic pulp and absorbent comprising the same
US4917714A (en) * 1988-12-08 1990-04-17 James River Corporation Filter element comprising glass fibers
US5026456A (en) * 1990-06-14 1991-06-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Aramid papers containing aramid paper pulp
US5091275A (en) * 1990-04-25 1992-02-25 Evanite Fiber Corporation Glass fiber separator and method of making
WO1992022705A1 (en) * 1991-06-12 1992-12-23 Bernard Dumas Novel sheet produced by a wet process and application thereof
US5409573A (en) * 1988-05-10 1995-04-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Composites from wet formed blends of glass and thermoplastic fibers
US5436094A (en) * 1993-03-19 1995-07-25 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Bulky synthetic pulp sheet useful as a separator for sealed lead batteries and process for preparing the same
US5772846A (en) * 1997-01-09 1998-06-30 Johns Manville International, Inc. Nonwoven glass fiber mat for facing gypsum board and method of making
US5935884A (en) * 1997-02-14 1999-08-10 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. Wet-laid nonwoven nylon battery separator material
US6071641A (en) * 1997-09-02 2000-06-06 Zguris; George C. Glass fiber separators and batteries including such separators
US6326105B1 (en) * 1998-06-12 2001-12-04 Lithium Technology Corporation Composite polymer electrolytes for alkali metal electrochemical devices which contain a non-woven glass fiber net
US6338772B1 (en) * 1998-10-27 2002-01-15 Mitsui Chemicals Inc Polyolefin synthetic pulp and use thereof
US6352947B1 (en) * 1998-06-10 2002-03-05 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonvillle, Inc. High efficiency thermally bonded wet laid milk filter
US20020037408A1 (en) * 2000-06-26 2002-03-28 Toshihiko Tsutsui Polyolefin splittable conjugate fiber and a fiber structure using the same
US6410139B1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2002-06-25 Chisso Corporation Split type conjugate fiber, method for producing the same and fiber formed article using the same
US6495286B2 (en) * 1996-07-01 2002-12-17 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Glass fiber separators for lead-acid batteries
US6821672B2 (en) * 1997-09-02 2004-11-23 Kvg Technologies, Inc. Mat of glass and other fibers and method for producing it
US20100143717A1 (en) * 2007-04-25 2010-06-10 Es Fibervisions Co. Ltd. Thermal bonding conjugate fiber with excellent bulkiness and softness, and fiber formed article using the same
US8062565B2 (en) * 2009-06-18 2011-11-22 Usg Interiors, Inc. Low density non-woven material useful with acoustic ceiling tile products
US20120312487A1 (en) * 2011-05-11 2012-12-13 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Systems and methods for making fiber webs
US20130025809A1 (en) * 2011-07-27 2013-01-31 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Systems and methods for making fiber webs

Patent Citations (54)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123518A (en) * 1964-03-03 Dryer
US2658848A (en) * 1951-11-17 1953-11-10 Glass Fibers Inc Method for making glass paper
US2692220A (en) * 1951-11-19 1954-10-19 Glass Fibers Inc Method for making glass paper
US2721139A (en) * 1952-08-27 1955-10-18 Hurlbut Paper Company Paper manufacture
US2971877A (en) * 1956-03-05 1961-02-14 Hurlbut Paper Company Synthetic fiber paper and process for producing the same
US2973398A (en) * 1957-12-23 1961-02-28 Ohmies Ltd Method and apparatus for manufacturing battery separators
US2999788A (en) * 1958-12-09 1961-09-12 Du Pont Synthetic polymer fibrid paper
US3039914A (en) * 1959-07-07 1962-06-19 Little Inc A Process for forming a bonded wetformed web and resulting product
US3743272A (en) * 1971-04-12 1973-07-03 Crown Zellerbach Corp Process of forming polyolefin fibers
US3891499A (en) * 1971-06-03 1975-06-24 Crown Zellerbach Int Inc Synthetic papermaking pulp and process of manufacture
US3920508A (en) * 1971-10-12 1975-11-18 Crown Zellerbach Corp Polyolefin pulp and process for producing same
US3997648A (en) * 1972-01-03 1976-12-14 Gulf Research & Development Company Fibril formation process
US3987139A (en) * 1972-03-20 1976-10-19 Crown Zellerbach Corporation Process of forming synthetic fibers
US4007247A (en) * 1972-09-26 1977-02-08 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Production of fibrils
US3995001A (en) * 1973-01-22 1976-11-30 Stamicarbon B.V. Process for preparing polymer fibers
US3902957A (en) * 1973-04-05 1975-09-02 Crown Zellerbach Corp Process of making fibers
US4387144A (en) * 1977-05-11 1983-06-07 Tullis Russell & Company Limited Battery separator material
US4216281A (en) * 1978-08-21 1980-08-05 W. R. Grace & Co. Battery separator
US4279979A (en) * 1978-11-09 1981-07-21 The Dexter Corporation Nonwoven fibrous substrate for battery separator
US4529481A (en) * 1979-06-11 1985-07-16 Teijin Ltd. Synthetic polyester pulp and process for preparing same
US4367271A (en) * 1980-01-12 1983-01-04 Nihon Mukiseni Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Storage battery separator
US4318774A (en) * 1980-05-01 1982-03-09 Powell Corporation Composite nonwoven web
US4618401A (en) * 1982-02-02 1986-10-21 Texon, Inc. Battery separator material
US4681658A (en) * 1982-09-24 1987-07-21 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and nonwoven sheet-like mat and method
US4681802A (en) * 1984-10-05 1987-07-21 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and aqueous dispersion and nonwoven mat of the glass fibers
US4729921A (en) * 1984-10-19 1988-03-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High density para-aramid papers
US4698267A (en) * 1985-09-17 1987-10-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High density para-aramid papers
US4810576A (en) * 1985-09-30 1989-03-07 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and aqueous dispersion and nonwoven mat of the glass fibers
US4833011A (en) * 1986-09-08 1989-05-23 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Synthetic pulp and absorbent comprising the same
US5409573A (en) * 1988-05-10 1995-04-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Composites from wet formed blends of glass and thermoplastic fibers
US4917714A (en) * 1988-12-08 1990-04-17 James River Corporation Filter element comprising glass fibers
US5091275A (en) * 1990-04-25 1992-02-25 Evanite Fiber Corporation Glass fiber separator and method of making
US5026456A (en) * 1990-06-14 1991-06-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Aramid papers containing aramid paper pulp
WO1992022705A1 (en) * 1991-06-12 1992-12-23 Bernard Dumas Novel sheet produced by a wet process and application thereof
US5436094A (en) * 1993-03-19 1995-07-25 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Bulky synthetic pulp sheet useful as a separator for sealed lead batteries and process for preparing the same
US6495286B2 (en) * 1996-07-01 2002-12-17 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Glass fiber separators for lead-acid batteries
US5772846A (en) * 1997-01-09 1998-06-30 Johns Manville International, Inc. Nonwoven glass fiber mat for facing gypsum board and method of making
US5935884A (en) * 1997-02-14 1999-08-10 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. Wet-laid nonwoven nylon battery separator material
US6071641A (en) * 1997-09-02 2000-06-06 Zguris; George C. Glass fiber separators and batteries including such separators
US7288338B2 (en) * 1997-09-02 2007-10-30 Kvg Technologies, Inc. Mat of glass and other fibers and method for producing such mat
US6821672B2 (en) * 1997-09-02 2004-11-23 Kvg Technologies, Inc. Mat of glass and other fibers and method for producing it
US6352947B1 (en) * 1998-06-10 2002-03-05 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonvillle, Inc. High efficiency thermally bonded wet laid milk filter
US6326105B1 (en) * 1998-06-12 2001-12-04 Lithium Technology Corporation Composite polymer electrolytes for alkali metal electrochemical devices which contain a non-woven glass fiber net
US6338772B1 (en) * 1998-10-27 2002-01-15 Mitsui Chemicals Inc Polyolefin synthetic pulp and use thereof
US6617023B2 (en) * 1999-03-08 2003-09-09 Chisso Corporation Splittable multi-component fiber, method for producing it, and fibrous article comprising it
US6410139B1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2002-06-25 Chisso Corporation Split type conjugate fiber, method for producing the same and fiber formed article using the same
US6495255B2 (en) * 2000-06-26 2002-12-17 Chisso Corporation Polyolefin splittable conjugate fiber and a fiber structure using the same
US20020037408A1 (en) * 2000-06-26 2002-03-28 Toshihiko Tsutsui Polyolefin splittable conjugate fiber and a fiber structure using the same
US20100143717A1 (en) * 2007-04-25 2010-06-10 Es Fibervisions Co. Ltd. Thermal bonding conjugate fiber with excellent bulkiness and softness, and fiber formed article using the same
US8075994B2 (en) * 2007-04-25 2011-12-13 Es Fibervisions Co., Ltd. Thermal bonding conjugate fiber with excellent bulkiness and softness, and fiber formed article using the same
US8062565B2 (en) * 2009-06-18 2011-11-22 Usg Interiors, Inc. Low density non-woven material useful with acoustic ceiling tile products
US20120312487A1 (en) * 2011-05-11 2012-12-13 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Systems and methods for making fiber webs
US20130009335A1 (en) * 2011-05-11 2013-01-10 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Systems and methods for making fiber webs
US20130025809A1 (en) * 2011-07-27 2013-01-31 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Systems and methods for making fiber webs

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Albert G. Hoyle, Thermal Bonding of nonwoven fabrics," July 1990, Tappi Journal, pages 85-88 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9279250B2 (en) 2013-12-24 2016-03-08 Awi Licensing Company Low density acoustical panels

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11804634B2 (en) Battery components comprising fibers
JP6542343B2 (en) Non-woven fabric substrate for lithium ion secondary battery separator and lithium ion secondary battery separator
TWI636604B (en) Non-woven partition for lead storage battery and lead storage battery using same
CN103329308B (en) There is the lithium battery separator of closing function
JP6008000B2 (en) Precursor sheet
Kritzer et al. Nonwovens as separators for alkaline batteries: an overview
WO2013151134A1 (en) Separator
DE60118066T2 (en) battery separator
KR20190016089A (en) Porous substrate, porous electrode, carbon islands, production method of carbon islands, production method of porous substrate
KR101827617B1 (en) Separator for electric double layer capacitors, and electric double layer capacitor
BR112016029242B1 (en) PASTED NON-WOVEN FIBER CARPET, LEAD ACID BATTERY AND METHOD FOR FORMING A NON-WOVEN FIBER CARPET FOR USE IN A LEAD ACID BATTERY
DE69834977T2 (en) Alkaline battery separator and method of manufacture
US20190181410A1 (en) Pasting papers and capacitance layers for batteries comprising multiple fiber types and/or particles
WO2009060989A1 (en) Foliate material, method for production of the foliate material, and electrical/electronic component comprising the foliate material
US20120216975A1 (en) Glass Mat with Synthetic Wood Pulp
DE69836112T2 (en) Alkaline battery separator and method of manufacture
CN113725556B (en) Nonwoven fabric and battery separator
JP2013118062A (en) Manufacturing method and manufacturing device for porous sheet carrying coating component
JP2011210680A (en) Separator for battery
US20190181506A1 (en) Pasting paper for batteries comprising multiple fiber types
US20210381143A1 (en) Non-woven fabric and separator for electrochemical elements
JP2001084986A (en) Nonwoven fabric for alkaline storage battery separator and manufacturing method therefor
JP6047906B2 (en) Electrochemical element separator and electrochemical element using the same
JP2000100410A (en) Separator for alkaline battery
JP2022090831A (en) Electrochemical element separator

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: POROUS POWER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, COLORADO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FORLINO, JAY;SAKAMOTO, KAZUYKI;SIGNING DATES FROM 20110721 TO 20110802;REEL/FRAME:026685/0314

AS Assignment

Owner name: POROUS POWER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC (F/K/A PPT OPCO, LL

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:POROUS POWER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC;REEL/FRAME:027462/0620

Effective date: 20111222

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION