US20120187005A1 - Water container - Google Patents
Water container Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120187005A1 US20120187005A1 US13/394,544 US201013394544A US2012187005A1 US 20120187005 A1 US20120187005 A1 US 20120187005A1 US 201013394544 A US201013394544 A US 201013394544A US 2012187005 A1 US2012187005 A1 US 2012187005A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- jerrycan
- water
- container
- housing
- container housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000004067 Flatfoot Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000031513 cyst Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001601 blood-air barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/003—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using household-type filters for producing potable water, e.g. pitchers, bottles, faucet mounted devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/08—Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D11/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material
- B65D11/20—Details of walls made of plastics material
- B65D11/22—Reinforcing for strengthening parts of members
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/20—Specific housing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/20—Specific housing
- B01D2313/201—Closed housing, vessels or containers
- B01D2313/2011—Pressure vessels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/006—Cartridges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water container for removing impurities from water to provide sterile, safe drinking water.
- jerrycan One well known container used to carry larger volumes of water is the ubiquitous “jerrycan”, originally designed at the outbreak of World War II, and much copied since. Although originally manufactured from pressed steel, modern jerrycans are now typically manufactured from plastics in various sizes from 5L to 20L. Jerrycans are still used extensively by the military and aid agencies to carry clean supplies of water to locations where it is needed.
- a container for water comprising:
- the container is a jerrycan, preferably having a capacity of between 5 and 20 litres.
- the jerrycan is preferably made from plastic materials, and in particular, water-grade high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
- HDPE high-density polyethylene
- Plastic jerrycans can be made using techniques well known in the art, such as rotational moulding or blow moulding. However, metal jerrycans are also envisaged as being suitable for use.
- the present invention can be applied to larger water vessels such as water butts.
- the at least one brace member consists of a hollow tube which is integral to the sidewall portions of the container housing.
- the one or more internal brace members may function to enable the container of the invention to be attached to load carriage systems.
- Each hollow tube forms an open channel connecting opposing sidewall portions through which it is envisaged support rods or the like can be inserted.
- Such rods may for example function as a wheel axle, allowing the container to transported on wheels.
- one or more sidewalls of the container housing comprise a pattern of indentations to provide enhanced structural rigidity at selected locations, thereby to resist deformation of the sidewalls when under load.
- These indentations may be configured to provide channels for receiving strapping applied around the circumference of the container.
- the housing further comprises a base having a plurality of flat feet.
- the base has pitched portions to resist deformation of the base.
- the one or more sidewalls and the top wall may also include pitched portions. The pitched portions in the base and side walls provide further structural reinforcement to enable to the container housing to resist deformation under load.
- the means for establishing a pressure differential comprises a pump. More preferably, the pump is a manually operated pump. Preferably, the pump is a piston pump comprising a non-return valve through which air may be passed into the container, and a piston shaft through which a piston head may be moved such that air is passed through the non-return valve.
- the pump is removable from the device to allow the liquid reservoir to be refilled.
- the container may simply comprise a pressure valve for connection to a separate source of pressurised gas.
- the container further comprises a pressure regulator.
- the pressure regulator may include a release valve adapted to release water and/or air if the pressure in the container exceeds a predetermined level.
- the output valve is a tap.
- the tap has an external spout that is angled downwards to promote the flow of any water remaining in the spout after the tap has been closed.
- the external spout may comprise a hose fitting for receiving a removable water hose pipe.
- Preferred water filters for use with the present invention are suitable for ultrafiltration, that is to remove all particles of a size greater than 0.01 microns.
- the filter is suitable for nanofiltration or reverse osmosis.
- Reverse osmosis filters are capable of removing everything (including salts and oils) apart from pure water (H 2 O) from a liquid.
- Nanofiltration removes particles of a size greater than 0.001 microns (including aqueous salts).
- Water is passed through the water filter under a pressure differential. This allows the water to be passed through finer filters than would be possible if the container were not pressurised.
- a pore size of less than or equal to 25 nanometres is sufficient to remove most microbiological matter from the liquid, including viruses, thereby providing safe drinking water and a far more effective portable water filtration system than has previously been available.
- preferred embodiments of the invention have a pore size of less than or equal to 20 nanometres, and more preferably have a pore size of less than or equal to 15 nanometres.
- the pore size of a material is in fact an average of the individual sizes of the pores (or holes) in the material, since it is inevitable that any material comprising a large number of pores will include some variation in these individual sizes.
- Preferred filters for use in the present invention have a tightly defined distribution of pore sizes such that the difference between the maximum pore size and the average pores size is minimized.
- the standard deviation of the pore size distribution is less than 30% of the average pore size, and more preferably is less than 15% of the average pore size.
- the filter has a maximum pore size of less than or equal to 30 nanometres, more preferably, less than or equal to 25 nanometres, and most preferably less than or equal to 20 nanometres. In other embodiments, the maximum pore size may be even lower in order to perform nanofiltration or reverse osmosis, for example.
- the water container of the present invention will filter water with a pressure differential of any size.
- the operating pressure differential of a preferred embodiment is preferably greater than 10 kPa, more preferably in the range of 50 kPa-1500 kPa, more preferably in the range of 100 kPa-1000 kPa, more preferably 150 kPa-300 kPa.
- the water filter of the present invention is preferably a membrane filter. It preferably comprises at least one hydrophilic membrane. Hydrophilic membranes are attractive to water and therefore water is passed through them in preference to other liquids and to gases. In this way, not only is the filtration offered by the preferred embodiments improved, but it is possible to use the filter even when it is not completely immersed in the liquid.
- the membranes are capillary hollow fibre membranes. These membranes act to filter the water as only particles smaller than their pore size may pass through them.
- the fibre membranes may incorporate carbon or other chemical elements, or reverse osmosis membranes.
- a combination of different types of filter membranes may be included in the filter. These may include ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse-osmosis membranes.
- the filter lies substantially along an entire length of the container housing, ensuring that any water is in contact with the membranes.
- the filter lies along over 70% of said length of the container, more preferably over 80%, more preferably over 90%. This means that when a pressure differential exists between the inside of the container housing and the outside atmosphere across the walls of the housing, and the output valve is open, water in the container will pass through the filter to the output valve substantially regardless of the orientation of the device.
- the water filter comprises an annular housing having an outer wall having a plurality of holes therethrough.
- the filter is substantially cylindrical.
- the holes are distributed across substantially the whole length of the filter.
- the filter is preferably removable from the container. This allows the filter to be cleaned and replaced as required.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a jerrycan with a partial cutaway section
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the jerrycan of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a top elevation of the jerrycan of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is an end elevation of the jerrycan of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is a partial view of the base of the jerrycan of FIG. 1 .
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a jerrycan 10 designed in accordance with the present invention.
- the jerrycan 10 comprises a container housing 11 having four sidewalls 12 - 15 , a base 16 and a top 17 .
- the jerrycan 10 includes a manual pump unit 18 and a water filter cartridge 19 disposed within the housing 11 , together with an externally mounted tap 20 coupled to the water filter cartridge 19 .
- a carrying handle 21 is integrally formed with the top 17 . When constructed the jerrycan 10 is sealed and is both water- and air-tight.
- the water filter cartridge 19 is preferably of the type described in International patent application number PCT/GB2007/003623 (International publication number WO2008/037969) filed on 25 Sep. 2007. Filters of this type are made from a matrix of hollow fibre membranes 22 which typically have a mean pore size which is capable of ultra-filtration. As such, the filter cartridge 19 is effective to remove bacteria, viruses, cysts, parasites, fungi and all other water-born pathogens. In fact, such a filter removes all microbiological matter from the water to provide safe, sterile drinking water.
- the preferred fibre membranes 22 used in preferred embodiment of the present invention have a retention of greater than log 6 (99.9999%) of bacteria, cysts, parasites and fungi, and greater than log 4 (99.99%) of viruses from the water.
- the fibre membranes 22 also remove sediments and other deposits from the water.
- the manual pump unit 18 provides the required pressure differential across the walls of the jerrycan 10 to drive water through the walls of the hollow fibre membranes 22 and thereafter along the length of the fibre membranes 22 to their open ends at the tap 20 when the tap 20 is opened.
- Providing a water filter cartridge 19 such as that described above allows the user to use water from a wide range of sources, including open sources of water, that is effectively rendered safe to drink.
- Fibre membranes suitable for use with the present invention are available commercially, for example X-flow (TM) capillary membranes from Norit (www.norit.com) may be used.
- This hollow fibre ultra-filtration membrane 22 is effective to screen all turbidity, bacteria as well as viruses.
- the water filter cartridge 19 abuts the base 16 and is removably attached to the top of the container 10 by a screw cap compression fitting 23 .
- An advantage of this architecture is that, although fully sealed when in place, the water filter cartridge 19 may be removed for cleaning or replacement at any time. In this way, the entire jerrycan 10 need not be replaced if the water filter cartridge 19 becomes damaged in some way.
- the manual pump unit 18 shown in the Figures is preferably of the type described in detail in International patent application number PCT/GB2007/003623 (International publication number WO2008/037969) filed on 25 Sep. 2007. It is attached to the jerrycan 10 by a screw cap compression fitting 24 to ensure a fluid tight seal. Like the water filter cartridge 19 , the entire pump unit 18 is designed to be removed from the jerrycan 10 .
- the pump shown in this preferred embodiment is a simple 1:1 pump, in that the pressure that the user must overcome to actuate the pump is equal to the pressure in the container. Nevertheless, it is possible to use ratcheting, or gearing, systems in accordance with the pump of the present invention. These mechanisms allow easier hand actuation of the pump 18 (and consequently enable to pressure inside the container to be increased to a greater level than would otherwise be possible).
- the jerrycan 10 also incorporates an additional carbon filter 25 through which water can pass before leaving through the tap.
- Carbon filters are known to be effective in the removal of chemicals from water.
- the carbon filter 25 used in the preferred embodiment is an active carbon filter, although other types of carbon-based filters (such as charcoal filters) may be adopted.
- the pump 18 In order to remove impurities from water, the pump 18 is removed from the container housing 11 and untreated water is poured into the jerrycan 10 . The pump 18 is then re-attached to the container housing 11 and the pump handle 26 is unlocked and repeatedly moved from a withdrawn position to a closed position thereby moving the piston head 27 up and down through the piston shaft 28 . This has the effect of forcing air through a non-return valve 29 , thereby increasing the pressure within the container 11 .
- the internal pressure forces the water through the hollow tube membranes 22 within the water filter cartridge 19 and ultimately out of the container 11 through the tap 20 for the user to collect.
- the housing 11 further comprises a notch 36 located below the tap, which enables easy filing of other containers, such as standard army issue water bottles and other water carrying devices, with dean water from the jerrycan 10 .
- the jerrycan 10 has a number of internal brace members 30 that extend between opposing sidewall portions 13 , 15 of the container 11 to provide enhanced resistance to deformation of the container walls when loaded with water and pressurised with air.
- each brace member 30 consists of a hollow tube 31 which is integral to the sidewall portions 13 , 15 of the container housing 11 .
- the hollow tube 31 is profiled in a fluted manner with a pitch angle ⁇ of 5°. This shape is akin to a three-dimensional arch shape.
- the fluting design disperses the load evenly, in order to disperse the stress across a greater surface area, thereby enhancing the rigidity provided by the brace member.
- the pitch angle can be selected according to requirements.
- each hollow tube 31 provides an open channel connecting opposing sidewall portions 13 , 15 through which it is envisaged support rods or the like can be inserted.
- Such rods may for example function as a wheel axle, allowing the container to be transported on wheels.
- the sidewalls 12 - 15 of the container housing 11 are formed with a pattern of indentations 32 to provide enhanced structural rigidity at selected locations, thereby resisting deformation of the sidewalls when under load. These indentations 32 are configured to provide channels for receiving strapping applied around the circumference of the container 11 (not shown).
- the end walls 12 , 14 and the top wall 17 include pitched portions 33 .
- the pitched portions 33 provide further structural reinforcement to enable to the container housing 11 to resist deformation under load, particularly when a pressure differential has been established across the walls of the container.
- These pitch angles e in this example are between 3° and 7°, but again, these can be varied according to requirements. These pitch angles also allow for the jerrycan 11 to be wedged into tight spaces, for example in a vehicle.
- the base 16 has a number of flat feet 34 configured to resist deformation of the base 16 .
- the base 16 has pitched portions 35 which also help resist deformation of the base 16 under load.
- Conventional jerrycans are formed with a recessed base which has been found to be susceptible to “blow out” when the jerrycan is pressurised so that the jerrycan can not remain upright.
- the jerrycan 10 of the present invention is designed such that the areas of the base that are most likely to deform under load are located above the level of the plurality of feet 34 .
- the shape of the base 16 is designed to allow for an inevitable degree of expansion of the housing 11 under load, whilst resisting deformation of the feet 34 in order to prevent the jerrycan 10 from toppling over.
- the plurality of feet 34 in the configuration shown also aid the manufacture of the jerrycan 11 . They are constructed in the line of draw and this reduces the complexity of the moulding tool required, thereby reducing the over cost of production.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
A jerrycan comprises a container housing having four sidewalls, a base and a top. The jerrycan includes a manual pump unit and a water filter cartridge disposed within the housing, together with an externally mounted tap coupled to the water filter cartridge. A carrying handle is integrally formed with the top. When constructed the jerrycan is sealed and is both water- and air-tight. The container housing includes at least one internal brace member consisting of a hollow tube integral with the sidewalls.
Description
- The present invention relates to a water container for removing impurities from water to provide sterile, safe drinking water.
- Water is heavy. Delivering it over even short distances is time consuming and expensive. It requires long logistic chains to maintain supplies. This problem is acutely evident during military or humanitarian operations
- If personnel choose to drink water from the surrounding environment they run the risk of becoming struck down by disease through the ingestion of bacteria or viruses living naturally in the water.
- Our published International patent application WO2008/037969 discloses a water bottle having a water filter which removes sediments and other deposits from the water and has a retention of greater than log 6 (99.9999%) of bacteria, cysts, parasites and fungi, and greater than log 4 (99.99%) of viruses from the water.
- One well known container used to carry larger volumes of water is the ubiquitous “jerrycan”, originally designed at the outbreak of World War II, and much copied since. Although originally manufactured from pressed steel, modern jerrycans are now typically manufactured from plastics in various sizes from 5L to 20L. Jerrycans are still used extensively by the military and aid agencies to carry clean supplies of water to locations where it is needed.
- According to the present invention, there is provided a container for water comprising:
-
- a container housing for holding water having at least one internal brace member coupled between opposing side wall portions of the walls of the container to resist deformation of the container housing;
- a water filter that extends into the container housing;
- an output valve coupled to the water filter; and,
- means for establishing a pressure differential across the walls of the container housing,
wherein the water filter comprises one or more membranes which are effective to pass water in preference to air under the influence of the pressure differential.
- In a preferred embodiment, the container is a jerrycan, preferably having a capacity of between 5 and 20 litres. The jerrycan is preferably made from plastic materials, and in particular, water-grade high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Plastic jerrycans can be made using techniques well known in the art, such as rotational moulding or blow moulding. However, metal jerrycans are also envisaged as being suitable for use. In addition, the present invention can be applied to larger water vessels such as water butts.
- Preferably, the at least one brace member consists of a hollow tube which is integral to the sidewall portions of the container housing. As such, in addition to providing structural reinforcement to the housing to resist deformation when under load, particularly when the container is pressurised with air, the one or more internal brace members may function to enable the container of the invention to be attached to load carriage systems. Each hollow tube forms an open channel connecting opposing sidewall portions through which it is envisaged support rods or the like can be inserted. Such rods may for example function as a wheel axle, allowing the container to transported on wheels.
- Preferably, one or more sidewalls of the container housing comprise a pattern of indentations to provide enhanced structural rigidity at selected locations, thereby to resist deformation of the sidewalls when under load. These indentations may be configured to provide channels for receiving strapping applied around the circumference of the container.
- In a preferred embodiment, the housing further comprises a base having a plurality of flat feet. Preferably, the base has pitched portions to resist deformation of the base. The one or more sidewalls and the top wall may also include pitched portions. The pitched portions in the base and side walls provide further structural reinforcement to enable to the container housing to resist deformation under load.
- Preferably, the means for establishing a pressure differential comprises a pump. More preferably, the pump is a manually operated pump. Preferably, the pump is a piston pump comprising a non-return valve through which air may be passed into the container, and a piston shaft through which a piston head may be moved such that air is passed through the non-return valve.
- In one preferred embodiment, the pump is removable from the device to allow the liquid reservoir to be refilled.
- As an alternative to a pump, the container may simply comprise a pressure valve for connection to a separate source of pressurised gas.
- Preferably, the container further comprises a pressure regulator. For example, the pressure regulator may include a release valve adapted to release water and/or air if the pressure in the container exceeds a predetermined level.
- Preferably, the output valve is a tap. Preferably, the tap has an external spout that is angled downwards to promote the flow of any water remaining in the spout after the tap has been closed. Optionally, the external spout may comprise a hose fitting for receiving a removable water hose pipe.
- Preferred water filters for use with the present invention are suitable for ultrafiltration, that is to remove all particles of a size greater than 0.01 microns. In another preferred embodiment the filter is suitable for nanofiltration or reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis filters are capable of removing everything (including salts and oils) apart from pure water (H2O) from a liquid. Nanofiltration removes particles of a size greater than 0.001 microns (including aqueous salts).
- Water is passed through the water filter under a pressure differential. This allows the water to be passed through finer filters than would be possible if the container were not pressurised.
- A pore size of less than or equal to 25 nanometres is sufficient to remove most microbiological matter from the liquid, including viruses, thereby providing safe drinking water and a far more effective portable water filtration system than has previously been available. However, for additional security, preferred embodiments of the invention have a pore size of less than or equal to 20 nanometres, and more preferably have a pore size of less than or equal to 15 nanometres.
- As is known in the art, the pore size of a material is in fact an average of the individual sizes of the pores (or holes) in the material, since it is inevitable that any material comprising a large number of pores will include some variation in these individual sizes. Preferred filters for use in the present invention have a tightly defined distribution of pore sizes such that the difference between the maximum pore size and the average pores size is minimized. Preferably, the standard deviation of the pore size distribution is less than 30% of the average pore size, and more preferably is less than 15% of the average pore size. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the filter has a maximum pore size of less than or equal to 30 nanometres, more preferably, less than or equal to 25 nanometres, and most preferably less than or equal to 20 nanometres. In other embodiments, the maximum pore size may be even lower in order to perform nanofiltration or reverse osmosis, for example.
- Preferably, the water container of the present invention will filter water with a pressure differential of any size. For example, the operating pressure differential of a preferred embodiment is preferably greater than 10 kPa, more preferably in the range of 50 kPa-1500 kPa, more preferably in the range of 100 kPa-1000 kPa, more preferably 150 kPa-300 kPa.
- The water filter of the present invention is preferably a membrane filter. It preferably comprises at least one hydrophilic membrane. Hydrophilic membranes are attractive to water and therefore water is passed through them in preference to other liquids and to gases. In this way, not only is the filtration offered by the preferred embodiments improved, but it is possible to use the filter even when it is not completely immersed in the liquid.
- Preferably, the membranes are capillary hollow fibre membranes. These membranes act to filter the water as only particles smaller than their pore size may pass through them. The fibre membranes may incorporate carbon or other chemical elements, or reverse osmosis membranes. A combination of different types of filter membranes may be included in the filter. These may include ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse-osmosis membranes.
- Once water enters through the wall of a capillary membrane under the influence of a pressure differential it is transferred along its tube-like structure to the output. As a result, water may enter at any point along the membrane wall and reach the output while also being filtered.
- Preferably, the filter lies substantially along an entire length of the container housing, ensuring that any water is in contact with the membranes. Preferably, the filter lies along over 70% of said length of the container, more preferably over 80%, more preferably over 90%. This means that when a pressure differential exists between the inside of the container housing and the outside atmosphere across the walls of the housing, and the output valve is open, water in the container will pass through the filter to the output valve substantially regardless of the orientation of the device.
- Preferably, the water filter comprises an annular housing having an outer wall having a plurality of holes therethrough. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention the filter is substantially cylindrical. Preferably, the holes are distributed across substantially the whole length of the filter.
- The filter is preferably removable from the container. This allows the filter to be cleaned and replaced as required.
- An example of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a jerrycan with a partial cutaway section; -
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the jerrycan ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a top elevation of the jerrycan ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is an end elevation of the jerrycan ofFIG. 1 ; and, -
FIG. 5 is a partial view of the base of the jerrycan ofFIG. 1 . -
FIGS. 1 and 2 show ajerrycan 10 designed in accordance with the present invention. Thejerrycan 10 comprises acontainer housing 11 having four sidewalls 12-15, abase 16 and a top 17. Thejerrycan 10 includes amanual pump unit 18 and awater filter cartridge 19 disposed within thehousing 11, together with an externally mountedtap 20 coupled to thewater filter cartridge 19. A carryinghandle 21 is integrally formed with the top 17. When constructed thejerrycan 10 is sealed and is both water- and air-tight. - The
water filter cartridge 19 is preferably of the type described in International patent application number PCT/GB2007/003623 (International publication number WO2008/037969) filed on 25 Sep. 2007. Filters of this type are made from a matrix ofhollow fibre membranes 22 which typically have a mean pore size which is capable of ultra-filtration. As such, thefilter cartridge 19 is effective to remove bacteria, viruses, cysts, parasites, fungi and all other water-born pathogens. In fact, such a filter removes all microbiological matter from the water to provide safe, sterile drinking water. - The
preferred fibre membranes 22 used in preferred embodiment of the present invention have a retention of greater than log 6 (99.9999%) of bacteria, cysts, parasites and fungi, and greater than log 4 (99.99%) of viruses from the water. The fibre membranes 22 also remove sediments and other deposits from the water. - The
manual pump unit 18 provides the required pressure differential across the walls of thejerrycan 10 to drive water through the walls of thehollow fibre membranes 22 and thereafter along the length of thefibre membranes 22 to their open ends at thetap 20 when thetap 20 is opened. - Providing a
water filter cartridge 19 such as that described above allows the user to use water from a wide range of sources, including open sources of water, that is effectively rendered safe to drink. - Fibre membranes suitable for use with the present invention are available commercially, for example X-flow (™) capillary membranes from Norit (www.norit.com) may be used. This hollow
fibre ultra-filtration membrane 22 is effective to screen all turbidity, bacteria as well as viruses. - The
water filter cartridge 19 abuts thebase 16 and is removably attached to the top of thecontainer 10 by a screwcap compression fitting 23. An advantage of this architecture is that, although fully sealed when in place, thewater filter cartridge 19 may be removed for cleaning or replacement at any time. In this way, theentire jerrycan 10 need not be replaced if thewater filter cartridge 19 becomes damaged in some way. - The
manual pump unit 18 shown in the Figures is preferably of the type described in detail in International patent application number PCT/GB2007/003623 (International publication number WO2008/037969) filed on 25 Sep. 2007. It is attached to thejerrycan 10 by a screw cap compression fitting 24 to ensure a fluid tight seal. Like thewater filter cartridge 19, theentire pump unit 18 is designed to be removed from thejerrycan 10. - The pump shown in this preferred embodiment is a simple 1:1 pump, in that the pressure that the user must overcome to actuate the pump is equal to the pressure in the container. Nevertheless, it is possible to use ratcheting, or gearing, systems in accordance with the pump of the present invention. These mechanisms allow easier hand actuation of the pump 18 (and consequently enable to pressure inside the container to be increased to a greater level than would otherwise be possible).
- The
jerrycan 10 also incorporates anadditional carbon filter 25 through which water can pass before leaving through the tap. Carbon filters are known to be effective in the removal of chemicals from water. Thecarbon filter 25 used in the preferred embodiment is an active carbon filter, although other types of carbon-based filters (such as charcoal filters) may be adopted. - In order to remove impurities from water, the
pump 18 is removed from thecontainer housing 11 and untreated water is poured into thejerrycan 10. Thepump 18 is then re-attached to thecontainer housing 11 and the pump handle 26 is unlocked and repeatedly moved from a withdrawn position to a closed position thereby moving thepiston head 27 up and down through thepiston shaft 28. This has the effect of forcing air through anon-return valve 29, thereby increasing the pressure within thecontainer 11. When the user opens thetap 20, the internal pressure forces the water through thehollow tube membranes 22 within thewater filter cartridge 19 and ultimately out of thecontainer 11 through thetap 20 for the user to collect. - The
housing 11 further comprises anotch 36 located below the tap, which enables easy filing of other containers, such as standard army issue water bottles and other water carrying devices, with dean water from thejerrycan 10. - The
jerrycan 10 has a number ofinternal brace members 30 that extend between opposingsidewall portions container 11 to provide enhanced resistance to deformation of the container walls when loaded with water and pressurised with air. As shown, eachbrace member 30 consists of ahollow tube 31 which is integral to thesidewall portions container housing 11. Thehollow tube 31 is profiled in a fluted manner with a pitch angle Θ of 5°. This shape is akin to a three-dimensional arch shape. The fluting design disperses the load evenly, in order to disperse the stress across a greater surface area, thereby enhancing the rigidity provided by the brace member. The pitch angle can be selected according to requirements. - The
hollow brace members 30 enable thejerrycan 10 to be attached to load carriage systems. In particular, eachhollow tube 31 provides an open channel connecting opposingsidewall portions - The sidewalls 12-15 of the
container housing 11 are formed with a pattern ofindentations 32 to provide enhanced structural rigidity at selected locations, thereby resisting deformation of the sidewalls when under load. Theseindentations 32 are configured to provide channels for receiving strapping applied around the circumference of the container 11 (not shown). - As shown in
FIGS. 3 and 4 , theend walls top wall 17 include pitchedportions 33. The pitchedportions 33 provide further structural reinforcement to enable to thecontainer housing 11 to resist deformation under load, particularly when a pressure differential has been established across the walls of the container. These pitch angles e in this example are between 3° and 7°, but again, these can be varied according to requirements. These pitch angles also allow for thejerrycan 11 to be wedged into tight spaces, for example in a vehicle. - As shown in
FIG. 5 , thebase 16 has a number offlat feet 34 configured to resist deformation of thebase 16. Thebase 16 has pitchedportions 35 which also help resist deformation of thebase 16 under load. Conventional jerrycans are formed with a recessed base which has been found to be susceptible to “blow out” when the jerrycan is pressurised so that the jerrycan can not remain upright. Thejerrycan 10 of the present invention is designed such that the areas of the base that are most likely to deform under load are located above the level of the plurality offeet 34. The shape of thebase 16 is designed to allow for an inevitable degree of expansion of thehousing 11 under load, whilst resisting deformation of thefeet 34 in order to prevent thejerrycan 10 from toppling over. The plurality offeet 34 in the configuration shown also aid the manufacture of thejerrycan 11. They are constructed in the line of draw and this reduces the complexity of the moulding tool required, thereby reducing the over cost of production.
Claims (24)
1. A jerrycan for holding water, the jerrycan comprising:
a container housing for holding water having at least one internal brace member coupled between opposing sidewall portions of the walls of the container to resist deformation of the container housing, the at least one internal brace member consisting of a hollow tube which is integral to the sidewall portions of the walls of the container;
a base having a plurality of flat feet with pitched portions therebetween;
a water filter that extends into the container housing;
an output valve coupled to the water filter; and,
means for establishing a pressure differential across the walls of the container housing,
wherein the water filter comprises one or more membranes which are effective to pass water in preference to air under the influence of the pressure differential.
2. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , in which the container has a capacity of between 5 and 20 litres.
3. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , in which the container housing is made from water grade high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
4. (canceled)
5. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , in which one or more sidewalls of the container housing comprise a pattern of indentations to provide enhanced structural rigidity at selected locations, thereby to resist deformation of the sidewalls when under load.
6. A jerrycan according to claim 5 , in which the indentations are configured to provide channels for receiving strapping applied, in use, around the circumference of the container.
7. (canceled)
8. A jerrycan according to claim 6 , in which one or more of the sidewalls and top wall has pitched portions to resist deformation.
9. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , in which the means for establishing a pressure differential comprises a pump.
10. A jerrycan according to claim 9 , in which the pump is removable to facilitate refilling of the container housing.
11. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , in which the container comprises a pressure valve for connection to a separate source of pressurised gas.
12. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , further comprising a pressure regulator.
13. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , in which the output valve comprises a tap.
14. A jerrycan according to claim 13 , in which the tap has an external spout that is angled downwards to promote the flow of any water remaining in the spout after the tap has been closed.
15. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , in which the water filter is adapted to remove all particles of a size greater than 0.01 microns, and preferably greater than 0.001 microns.
16. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , in which the water filter comprises at least one hydrophilic membrane.
17. A jerrycan according to claim 16 , in which the at least one membrane is a capillary hollow fibre membrane.
18. A jerrycan according to claim 16 , in which the filter lies substantially along the entire depth of the container housing, ensuring that any water is in contact with the membranes when the housing is in an upright position
19. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , in which the water filter is a removable cartridge.
20. (canceled)
21. (canceled)
22. A jerrycan according to claim 1 , in which the hollow tube has a fluted profile.
23. A jerrycan according to claim 22 , in which the container has a capacity of between 5 and 20 litres.
24. A jerrycan according to claim 17 , in which the filter lies substantially along the entire depth of the container housing, ensuring that any water is in contact with the membranes when the housing is in an upright position.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0915539.1 | 2009-09-07 | ||
GB0915539.1A GB2473256B (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2009-09-07 | A water container |
PCT/GB2010/001676 WO2011027125A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | A water container |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20120187005A1 true US20120187005A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
Family
ID=41203259
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/394,544 Abandoned US20120187005A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | Water container |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20120187005A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2475620B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102574702B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012005092A2 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2012000596A1 (en) |
CO (1) | CO6511217A2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2473256B (en) |
IN (1) | IN2012DN01902A (en) |
MX (1) | MX2012002739A (en) |
MY (1) | MY148367A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011027125A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201201584B (en) |
Cited By (2)
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US20150360815A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | Rmb Products, Inc. | Phase-change accommodating rigid fluid container |
USD862172S1 (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2019-10-08 | Icon Lifesaver Limited | Drink bottle |
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US8690028B2 (en) | 2010-11-08 | 2014-04-08 | Simplipure, Inc. | Portable water container with pump and filter |
GB2493033B (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-06-19 | Pritchard Ip Ltd | A water container |
EP2830742A1 (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2015-02-04 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Apparatus and method for purifying liquid |
CN104245095B (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2017-02-22 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Apparatus and method for purifying liquid |
EP2836289B1 (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2021-11-17 | Lifesaver IP Limited | Container for water and hollow fibre filter module therefore |
CN106466554B (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2021-06-22 | 托珀制造公司 | Reverse osmosis system with built-in pressure regulation |
GB201620769D0 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2017-01-18 | Icon Lifesaver | A drinking bottle |
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2009
- 2009-09-07 GB GB0915539.1A patent/GB2473256B/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-09-03 BR BR112012005092A patent/BR112012005092A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-09-03 CN CN201080047810.2A patent/CN102574702B/en active Active
- 2010-09-03 US US13/394,544 patent/US20120187005A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-09-03 MY MYPI2012000918A patent/MY148367A/en unknown
- 2010-09-03 MX MX2012002739A patent/MX2012002739A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-03 WO PCT/GB2010/001676 patent/WO2011027125A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-09-03 EP EP10766305.6A patent/EP2475620B1/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-03-02 ZA ZA2012/01584A patent/ZA201201584B/en unknown
- 2012-03-02 IN IN1902DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN01902A/en unknown
- 2012-03-06 CO CO12039188A patent/CO6511217A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-03-06 CL CL2012000596A patent/CL2012000596A1/en unknown
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US20150360815A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | Rmb Products, Inc. | Phase-change accommodating rigid fluid container |
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USD862172S1 (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2019-10-08 | Icon Lifesaver Limited | Drink bottle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2473256A (en) | 2011-03-09 |
CN102574702B (en) | 2014-09-10 |
CO6511217A2 (en) | 2012-08-31 |
GB0915539D0 (en) | 2009-10-07 |
MX2012002739A (en) | 2012-07-03 |
CL2012000596A1 (en) | 2012-07-20 |
MY148367A (en) | 2013-04-08 |
WO2011027125A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
BR112012005092A2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
CN102574702A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
ZA201201584B (en) | 2012-10-31 |
EP2475620A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
IN2012DN01902A (en) | 2015-07-24 |
GB2473256B (en) | 2012-04-04 |
EP2475620B1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
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