US20120067966A1 - Tire tread railroad tie - Google Patents
Tire tread railroad tie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120067966A1 US20120067966A1 US13/092,550 US201113092550A US2012067966A1 US 20120067966 A1 US20120067966 A1 US 20120067966A1 US 201113092550 A US201113092550 A US 201113092550A US 2012067966 A1 US2012067966 A1 US 2012067966A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tie
- elongated tie
- tire treads
- laminated
- elongated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
- E01B3/44—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential
Definitions
- each flange of the I-beam has a transverse flange extending parallel to said vertical member.
- the horizontal members of the I-beam are formed as upper and lower box flanges which are each filled with tire treads.
- Each flange of the I-beam has a group of cut-out portions to accommodate rail securing spikes.
- the I-beam has a hollow box spine.
- at least one horizontally extending flange of the reinforcing member is corrugated.
- the laminated stacks of tire treads are made from recycled steel belted tires. In those embodiments, it is particularly important that the tire treads have periodic gaps formed in a length of each laminate layer to ensure electrical isolation between the two supporting rails. This permits signaling/monitoring electrical systems to be installed in the railroad ties of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is an end view of the railroad tie depicting a second embodiment of stiffener
- FIG. 6C is an end view of the railroad tie depicting a fourth embodiment of stiffener
- FIG. 7B shows a seventh embodiment of reinforcing means 30 g in which the open box beam is the vertical portion 32 g .
- the width of the box created by vertical portion 32 g can be adjusted to provide the desired dimension of the railroad tie 20 g with the two stacks 24 g , 24 g ′ being positioned between flanges 34 g and 34 g ′. Again, capping treads may be provided as necessary.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Re-cycled tire treads are laminated into stacks and attached to a reinforcement element which has a first portion which provides increased compressive strength and a second portion which provides increased torsional and bending strength. Several embodiments with reinforcing elements ranging from T-bars, to I-beams to box beams, with variations including corrugated flanges. Pre-drilled holes can be provided in the flanges to facilitate insertion of the spikes. While steel-belted tires are preferred for use in creating stacks, provisions are made to ensure electrical isolation of the two rails to permit transmission of data thereby. The railroad tie can have electronic signaling hardware built-in by placing sensors and related circuitry between adjacent plies in a laminated stack.
Description
- This application is a continuation application of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/315,724, titled TIRE TREAD RAILROAD TIE, filed on Dec. 22, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- The present invention is directed to the field of railroad beds. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a railroad tie or made of recycled tire treads having adequate compressive strength and torsional stiffness to withstand the loading associated with continuous rail transit.
- There are a number of problems associated with conventional wooden rail ties. Continuous rail traffic and weathering causes splitting, allowing spikes to backout, which compromises the integrity of the rail bed. In addition, the creosote with which the wooden ties are treated constitutes an environmental hazard and its use has fallen into disfavor. The discarded ties themselves, once they have been removed from the rail bed, become a form of environmental waste littering the country side or providing a problem for land fills.
- Another environmental disposal problem is associated with used automotive tires. Tires cannot be burned due to the resulting air pollution and they are not readily buried in land fills since the minimal bio-degradation which takes place can threaten to pollute surrounding water supplies. Accordingly, tire disposal has become a major environmental problem and most tire retailers impose a tire disposal fee with each tire replaced. It is the intention of the present invention to remedy these two environmental problems by turning the tire disposal problem into a resource material for producing railroad ties which do not require the application of creosote.
- Several attempts have been made to manufacture a suitable rail tie from used automotive tires. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,824,070; 6,708,896; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,372,069 teach rail ties utilizing recycled tie treads. In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 5,996,901 has rigid plates laminated to the top and bottom of the stack of tires. However, none of these attempts have succeeded in providing a rail tie which has adequate compressive strength, torsional and bending stiffness to stand up under the rigors imposed by continuous rail traffic.
- The present invention overcomes the problems with previous attempts by providing adequate compressive strength, as well as torsional and bending stiffness to withstand the continuous loading of rail traffic without degradation of the tie body or experiencing backout of the retention spikes.
- The railroad tie of the present invention comprises an elongated tie which includes a) at least one stack of laminated tire treads forming a body of the tie; b) reinforcing means integrated into the at least one stack of laminated tire treads, the reinforcing means having a first portion providing increased compressive strength and a second portion providing increased torsional and bending stiffness to the elongated tie. More preferably, the at least one stack of laminated tire treads comprises at least two stacks of laminated tire treads, the reinforcing means including a vertical member that extends between the at least two stacks, and most preferably, the reinforcing means comprises an I-beam which has a stack secured into each recess between the flanges.
- The reinforcing member is made of a material selected from a group consisting of wood, conductive metals, non-conductive metals and composites. It is preferable that the vertical member extends between the at least two stacks in non-contacting relationship to provide electrical isolation. This can be done by forming a gap which is filled with a non-conducting material. It is also preferred that a distal end of the vertical member be spaced from a lowermost element, the lowermost element forming a bottom surface of the elongated tie. In the preferred embodiment, an additional tire tread ply sandwiches each of the two reinforcing flanges of the I-beam between itself and at least one of the stacks of laminated tire treads.
- It has proven advantages for a distal end of each flange of the I-beam to have a transverse flange extending parallel to said vertical member. In an alternative embodiment, the horizontal members of the I-beam are formed as upper and lower box flanges which are each filled with tire treads. Each flange of the I-beam has a group of cut-out portions to accommodate rail securing spikes. In one embodiment the I-beam has a hollow box spine. In yet another embodiment, at least one horizontally extending flange of the reinforcing member is corrugated. In certain embodiments, the laminated stacks of tire treads are made from recycled steel belted tires. In those embodiments, it is particularly important that the tire treads have periodic gaps formed in a length of each laminate layer to ensure electrical isolation between the two supporting rails. This permits signaling/monitoring electrical systems to be installed in the railroad ties of the present invention.
- Various other features, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent after a reading of the following detailed description of the present invention.
- The preferred embodiment(s) of the present invention is/are described in conjunction with the associated drawings in which like features are indicated with like reference numerals and in which
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the railroad tie of the present invention shown supporting a pair of parallel support rails; -
FIG. 2 is a top view of the first embodiment; -
FIG. 3 is a side view of the first embodiment; -
FIG. 4 is an end view of the first embodiment; -
FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view showing a partially disassembled tie of the first embodiment; -
FIG. 6A is an end view of the railroad tie depicting a second embodiment of stiffener; -
FIG. 6B is an end view of the railroad tie depicting a third embodiment of stiffener; -
FIG. 6C is an end view of the railroad tie depicting a fourth embodiment of stiffener; -
FIG. 6D is an end view of the railroad tie depicting a fifth embodiment of stiffener; -
FIG. 7A is an end view of the railroad tie depicting a sixth embodiment of stiffener; -
FIG. 7B is an end view of the railroad tie depicting a seventh embodiment of stiffener; -
FIG. 8 is a side view of the railroad tie laminations depicting isolation gaps; -
FIG. 9A is a partial perspective view of the railroad tie in a ninth embodiment; -
FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional side view as seen alongline 9B-9B inFIG. 9A ; and -
FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view of a tenth embodiment of the railroad tie with portions broken away. - A first embodiment of the railroad tie of the present invention is shown in
FIGS. 1-5 generally at 20. As depicted therein,railroad tie 20 has an elongated, generally rectangular shape. It will be understood that other shapes are possible and within the purview of the present invention, although elongated rectangular ties are conventional and will initially be the preferred configuration. As best seen inFIG. 5 ,elongated tie 20 is configured as at least one, and more preferably, twostacks 24 of laminated tire treads 22. These treads are preferably recycled tires, most of which are belted and generally, steel belted.Treads 22 are laminated using an adhesive, such as a two-part, rubber-to-rubber epoxy. An upper (26) and lower (28) surface tire tread ply are adhered to each laterally extending face of thestacks 24. As seen inFIG. 1 ,ties 20 are spaced in conventional fashion on arail bed ballast 11 to provide a support bed forparallel rails -
Railroad tie 20 has a reinforcing means orspine 30 which has a firstvertical portion 32 which increases compressive strength oftie 20 and at least one secondhorizontal portion flanges stacks 24 of laminated tire treads with the upper and lower capping plies 26, 28 adhered thereto, respectively. The use of capping plies 26, 28 provide a number of important benefits: 1) if the reinforcingmeans 30 is made of a corrosion-susceptible material, plies 26, 28 isolate means 30 from moisture and air, the two ingredients causing rust; 2)upper ply 26 provides a compliant surface for attaching a rail plate and/or rail fasteners and further provides noise and vibration isolation, as well as reducing impact loading to tie 20 from rail loading; 3) ply 28 provides a lower compliant pad for interacting with bed ballast positioned there beneath to resist lateral movement induced by side wheel load, on curves, for example. Even though rubber has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than wood,railroad tie 20 maintains rail gauge during temperature extremes better than wood ties. That is because themetal reinforcing means 30 has a significantly lower coefficient of thermal expansion than wood and, with the rubber ply 26 being bonded to the metal, the coefficient of the metal dominates. - As seen in
FIG. 5 , reinforcing means 30 preferably takes the form of an I-beam. However, as can be seen inFIGS. 6A , 6B, 6C, 6D, 7A, and 7B, reinforcing means 30 can take a variety of forms. The reinforcing means 30 a ofFIG. 6A is T-shaped with thedistal end 33 a ofvertical portion 32 a being spaced fromlower ply 28 a to provide a compression gap and thereby reduce/eliminate deterioration ofply 28 a by penetration bydistal end 33 a. Should additional torsional and/or bending stiffness be needed, thelateral reinforcing member 34 b can be corrugated as depicted inFIG. 6B . Another feature depicted there is the creation ofspaces gaps -
FIG. 6C depicts a fourth embodiment ofstiffener 30 d in which thelateral flanges tire tread FIG. 6D shows a fifth embodiment of thestiffener 30 e in which each distal end of horizontal flanges 34 e and 34 e′ is further reinforced by atransverse flange transverse flange lower plies 26 e and 28 e are protected during handling from partial de-lamination which occasionally occurs from handling by cherry pickers, forklifts, and the like. -
FIG. 7A discloses a sixth embodiment of the reinforcing means 30 f. In this embodiment, the I-beam shapedmember 30 f is formed by folding a single piece of metal, such as steel, which may be welded as at 13 f or a space may be left between the ends to permit additional flexing by tie 20 f. As with the earlier embodiments, the two stacks oftreads flanges plies -
FIG. 7B shows a seventh embodiment of reinforcing means 30 g in which the open box beam is thevertical portion 32 g. The width of the box created byvertical portion 32 g can be adjusted to provide the desired dimension of therailroad tie 20 g with the twostacks flanges -
FIG. 8 shows a layup technique forplies 22 h. While it is preferred that each ply length be a minimum of 12 inches, lengths are spaced by distances of between 0.25-0.50inch forming gaps 16 h to provide electrical isolation. As has been noted, the bulk of tires being recycled into therail tie 20 of the present invention are steel belted. For applications where the rails are being used to transmit electrical signals, data, etc., it is essential that rails 12, 12′ be isolated from each other. This spacing technique with ensure that the steel belts do not short out betweenrails - Returning to the preferred embodiment
FIGS. 1-5 , it can be seen thatflanges openings 36 in each. These openings are wide enough to accommodaterail spikes 14 and long enough to permit some adjustment of their positioning. Bothflanges such openings 36 in order to make thetie 20 non-directional, i.e., either surface can be utilized as the top surface. The openings do not extend into either the stacked plies 22 or the capping plies 26, 28 in order to maximize the gripping force of those plies in retaining thespikes 14 against backout. It is anticipated that the capping plies 26, 28 will have the position ofopenings 36 there beneath indicated by painting/etching on the surface to facilitate the insertion ofspikes 14. - As seen in
FIGS. 9A and 9B , lag screws 15 can be utilized to connectplies 22 together in astack 24. Indeed, lag screws 15′ can be threaded throughcap ply 26 andflange 34 intoplies 22. Obviously, screws 15′ could also be used to attach cap ply 28 to the lower side, since it is preferred that thetie 20 not have a distinctive top and bottom. Lag screws 15, 15′ can be used in addition to or in lieu of the bonding epoxy noted earlier. -
FIG. 10 shows a specialty tie having incorporated in the body oftie 20″ asensor 17 and ablack box 18 embedded betweenplies 22.Black box 18 might contain a receiver/transmitter (a transponder) and data analysis circuitry. Such aspecialty tie 20″ can be positioned periodically through out the rail bed to monitor the integrity of the rails and/or the bed. Such sensor circuitry could give early warning of loosening spikes. - The
railroad tie 20 of the present invention has a number of advantages over conventional creosote-coated wood ties. All the materials utilized in manufacture oftie 20 are environmentally friendly and entirely recyclable. The rail plate commonly used with other types of ties, could be integrated with thespine 30. Specialty fasteners could also be integrated intospine 30. The cost of the tie is a linear function of the length, whereas lengthening conventional ties can increase cost exponentially. The stiffness oftie 20 can be varied to match other ties to enable its use in replacing worn ties without materially altering the nature of the bed.Spine 30 results a “no creep” tie, unlike other rail ties. Additional characteristics of thetie 20 could be altered by providing a protective coating for the exterior of the tie to enhance its weatherability. In addition, the sides oftie 20 could be textured to enhance adhesion of the tie to the ballast. Thetie 20 of the present invention is considerably lighter weight, making them more maneuverable, without any sacrifice in strength. Additional weight and material cost could be saved by reducing the length of the tire stacks 24, 24′ to only extend under the portion offlanges flanges tie 20. - Various changes, alternatives and modifications will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art following a reading of the foregoing specification. For example, the pre-drilled holes in the flanges of the reinforcing means can be omitted and the holes drilled on site or special fasteners employed such as lag bolts or clips which have a retainer which attaches to the flange. It is intended that any such changes, alternatives and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims to considered part of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. An elongated tie for use as a cross tie for a rail bed, said elongated tie comprising
a) at least one stack of laminated tire treads forming a body of said tie;
b) reinforcing means integrated into said at least one stack of laminated tire treads, said reinforcing means having a first portion providing increased compressive strength and a second portion providing increased torsional and bending stiffness to said rectangular tie.
2. The elongated tie of claim 1 wherein said at least one stack of laminated tire treads comprises at least two stacks of laminated tire treads.
3. The elongated tie of claim 2 wherein said reinforcing means includes a vertical member extending between said at least two stacks of laminated tire treads.
4. The elongated tie of claim 3 wherein said vertical member is made of a material selected from a group consisting of wood, conductive metals, non-conductive metals and composites.
5. The elongated tie of claim 3 wherein said vertical member extends between said at least two stacks in non-contacting relationship to provide electrical isolation.
6. The elongated tie of claim 5 wherein said non-contacting relationship forms a gap which is filled with a non-conducting material.
7. The elongated tie of claim 3 wherein a distal end of said vertical member is spaced from a lowermost element, said lowermost element forming a bottom surface of said elongated tie.
8. The elongated tie claim 3 wherein said reinforcing means further comprises at least one horizontally extending flange connected to said vertical member.
9. The elongated tie of claim 8 wherein said at least one reinforcing flange comprises at least two reinforcing flanges, one extending from each end of said vertical member.
10. The elongated tie of claim 9 further comprising an additional tire tread ply sandwiching each of said two reinforcing flanges between itself and at least one of said stacks of laminated tire treads.
11. The elongated tie of claim 9 wherein said reinforcing means comprises an I-beam with two pair of laterally extending flanges which has a one-half width stack of tire treads sandwiched between each pair of laterally extending flanges.
12. The elongated tie of claim 11 wherein a distal end of each flange of said I-beam has a transverse flange extending parallel to said vertical member.
13. The elongated tie of claim 11 wherein said I-beam has upper and lower box flanges which are each filled with tire treads.
14. The elongated tie of claim 11 wherein each flange of said I-beam has a group of cut-out portions to accommodate rail securing spikes.
15. The elongated tie of claim 9 wherein said reinforcing means comprises an I-beam having a hollow box spine.
16. The elongated tie of claim 8 wherein said at least one horizontally extending flange comprises a corrugated flange which extends in both directions from a top end of said vertical member.
17. The elongated tie of claim 5 wherein said laminated stacks of tire treads are made from recycled steel belted tires.
18. The elongated tie of claim 17 further comprising periodic gaps formed in a length of each laminate layer in said laminated stacks to ensure electrical isolation between a first supporting rail and a second parallel supporting rail.
19. The elongated tie of claim 1 further comprising threaded fasteners extending between multiple plies forming said stack of laminated tire treads to hold said plies together.
20. The elongated tie of claim 1 further comprising electronic sensor means and signaling means embedded in said at least one stack of laminated tire treads.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/092,550 US20120067966A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2011-04-22 | Tire tread railroad tie |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/315,724 US7931210B1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Tire tread railroad tie |
US13/092,550 US20120067966A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2011-04-22 | Tire tread railroad tie |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/315,724 Continuation US7931210B1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Tire tread railroad tie |
Publications (1)
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US20120067966A1 true US20120067966A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
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ID=43880390
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/315,724 Active 2028-12-29 US7931210B1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Tire tread railroad tie |
US13/092,550 Abandoned US20120067966A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2011-04-22 | Tire tread railroad tie |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/315,724 Active 2028-12-29 US7931210B1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Tire tread railroad tie |
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US (2) | US7931210B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103866653A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-18 | 滕州市华海新型保温材料有限公司 | Novel sandwich structure composite sleeper and continuous pultrusion molding process thereof |
CN112593465A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-02 | 中南大学 | Intelligent rubber sleeper |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2956673B1 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2012-11-30 | Arkema France | USE OF A THERMOPLASTIC RESIN COMPOSITION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY TRAVERS |
US20130115399A1 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2013-05-09 | Richard W. Roberts | In-situ foam core articles |
US8342420B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2013-01-01 | Roberts Jr Richard W | Recyclable plastic structural articles and method of manufacture |
US9346237B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2016-05-24 | Richard W. Roberts | Recyclable plastic structural articles and method of manufacture |
GB2495944B (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2016-01-06 | Kavoss Hashemzadeh | Composite railway sleeper and method of manufacture |
US9272484B2 (en) | 2012-01-25 | 2016-03-01 | Richard W. Roberts, JR. | Structural plastic articles, method of use, and methods of manufacture |
US10207606B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2019-02-19 | Richard W. Roberts | Recyclable plastic structural articles and method of manufacture |
US9073462B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2015-07-07 | Richard W. Roberts | In-situ foam core vehicle seating system and method of manufacture |
US9102086B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2015-08-11 | Richard W. Roberts | In-situ foam core structural articles and methods of manufacture of profiles |
US8840819B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2014-09-23 | Richard W. Roberts, JR. | In-situ foam core structural energy management system and method of manufacture |
US8708177B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2014-04-29 | Richard W. Roberts | In-situ foam core dielectrically-resistant systems and method of manufacture |
WO2014013487A1 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | Shifron Ayal | Rubber tile |
US10328662B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2019-06-25 | Richard W. Roberts | In-situ foam core stress mitigation component and method of manufacture |
US9271610B2 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2016-03-01 | Richard W. Roberts, JR. | Bathtub/shower tray support |
US10315391B1 (en) | 2018-05-02 | 2019-06-11 | Richard G. Halverson | Producing bulk fabrication material from vehicle tires |
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US5609295A (en) * | 1995-01-05 | 1997-03-11 | Green Track Inc. | Composite railway tie and method of manufacture thereof |
US20050156055A1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2005-07-21 | Kenney William S. | Railroad crosstie formed from recycled rubber tires |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5310032A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1994-05-10 | Plichta Dietmar G | Power conductor rail |
US6372069B1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2002-04-16 | Dennis P. Walls | Product and method for used tires |
-
2005
- 2005-12-22 US US11/315,724 patent/US7931210B1/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-04-22 US US13/092,550 patent/US20120067966A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5609295A (en) * | 1995-01-05 | 1997-03-11 | Green Track Inc. | Composite railway tie and method of manufacture thereof |
US20050156055A1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2005-07-21 | Kenney William S. | Railroad crosstie formed from recycled rubber tires |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103866653A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-18 | 滕州市华海新型保温材料有限公司 | Novel sandwich structure composite sleeper and continuous pultrusion molding process thereof |
CN112593465A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-02 | 中南大学 | Intelligent rubber sleeper |
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