US20120067508A1 - Fire resistant veneer assembly for aircraft interiors - Google Patents
Fire resistant veneer assembly for aircraft interiors Download PDFInfo
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- US20120067508A1 US20120067508A1 US13/302,848 US201113302848A US2012067508A1 US 20120067508 A1 US20120067508 A1 US 20120067508A1 US 201113302848 A US201113302848 A US 201113302848A US 2012067508 A1 US2012067508 A1 US 2012067508A1
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- veneer
- decorative
- aluminum foil
- wood veneer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
- B32B37/1207—Heat-activated adhesive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/098—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas or melamines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/10—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0012—Mechanical treatment, e.g. roughening, deforming, stretching
- B32B2038/0016—Abrading
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/02—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/04—Time
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/12—Pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/24—Aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
- B32B2317/16—Wood, e.g. woodboard, fibreboard, woodchips
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/003—Interior finishings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/18—Aircraft
Definitions
- This invention relates to fire resistant laminated natural wood veneer assemblies for aircraft assemblies and methods for making such veneer assemblies.
- the present invention provides an inherently flame resistant 2-ply veneer assembly.
- the present veneer assembly generally includes a decorative wood veneer and an aluminum foil backing bonded together in a laminated veneer assembly.
- the method for making the flame resistant veneer assembly includes laying up a decorative wood veneer and an aluminum foil backing with a thin film of phenolic adhesive between decorative wood veneers and the aluminum foil. The lay up is then pressed preferably at a pressure between 150 psi and 250 psi and at a temperature between 275 degrees F. and 325 degrees F. for four to six minutes. It is preferable that after the assembly is pressed under high pressure and temperature, the assembly is precision sanded using wide belt sanders. The decorative veneer surface may flattened by precision belt sanding.
- a 2-ply embodiment having only an aluminum foil backing is advantageous where weight may be an issue and for easily forming the laminated veneer assembly for a preferred shape requirement.
- having an aluminum foil backing is advantageous for bonding with specific adhesive(s) to various substrates such as honeycomb core.
- a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) may be added to the aluminum foil backing for bonding to various panels and other substrates.
- a non-decorative layer may be bonded to the back of the aluminum foil layer by means of a second thin film of phenolic adhesive in a bonding process substantially like the high pressure, high temperature process described above.
- the bonding of the non-decorative layer is preferably conducted in the same bonding operation as the bonding the decorative wood veneer and the aluminum foil backing. It is preferable that after the three ply assembly is pressed under high pressure and temperature and that the assembly is precision sanded using wide belt sanders.
- the non-decorative veneer backing is initially precision sanded in order to flatten the veneer assembly.
- the decorative veneer surface may also be sanded with the object being to limit the amount of decorative veneer removed by sanding.
- having a non-decorative wood backing is advantageous for bonding with specific adhesive(s) to various substrates such as honeycomb core.
- a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) may be added to the non-decorative veneer for bonding to various panels and other substrates.
- a second aluminum foil layer may be bonded to the back of the non-decorative wood veneer by a second phenolic bonding process substantially like the high pressure, high temperature process described above.
- the bonding of the second aluminum foil layer should preferably occur after the above-described wide belt sanding of the non-decorative layer operations and before sanding the decorative veneer surface.
- the decorative veneer surface may also be sanded after the second phenolic bonding process with the object being to limit the amount of decorative veneer removed by sanding as much as possible.
- having an aluminum foil backing is advantageous for bonding with specific adhesive(s) to various substrates such as honeycomb core.
- a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) may be added to the second aluminum foil layer for bonding to various panels and other substrates.
- a second aluminum foil layer and a second non-decorative wood veneer layer may be bonded to the back of the decorative wood veneer layer. It is preferable that after the assembly is pressed under high pressure and temperature, the assembly is precision sanded using wide belt sanders. The second non-decorative veneer backing is initially precision sanded in order to flatten the veneer assembly. The decorative veneer surface may also be sanded with the object being to limit the amount of decorative veneer removed by sanding as much as possible.
- This 5-ply embodiment provides a less flexible veneer assembly thereby providing additional strength when required.
- having a non-decorative wood veneer backing may be advantageous for bonding with specific adhesive(s) to various substrates such as honeycomb core.
- a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) may be added to the second non-decorative veneer layer for bonding to various panels and
- FIG. 1 is a perspective cross-section diagram illustrating a first veneer assembly embodiment.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-section diagram illustrating the first veneer assembly embodiment before wide belt sanding.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-section diagram illustrating the first veneer assembly embodiment after wide belt sanding.
- FIG. 1C is a cross-section diagram illustrating the first veneer assembly embodiment with an added layer of pressure sensitive adhesive including a release paper.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective cross-section diagram illustrating a second veneer assembly embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a cross-section diagram illustrating the second veneer assembly embodiment before wide belt sanding.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-section diagram illustrating the second veneer assembly embodiment after wide belt sanding.
- FIG. 2C is a cross-section diagram illustrating the second veneer assembly embodiment with an added layer of pressure sensitive adhesive including a release paper.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective cross-section diagram illustrating a third veneer assembly embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-section diagram illustrating the third veneer assembly embodiment before wide belt sanding.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-section diagram illustrating the third veneer assembly embodiment after wide belt sanding.
- FIG. 3C is a cross-section diagram illustrating the third veneer assembly embodiment with an added layer of pressure sensitive adhesive including a release paper.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective cross-section diagram illustrating a fourth veneer assembly embodiment.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-section diagram illustrating the fourth veneer assembly embodiment before wide belt sanding.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-section diagram illustrating the fourth veneer assembly embodiment after wide belt sanding.
- FIG. 4C is a cross-section diagram illustrating the fourth veneer assembly embodiment with an added layer of pressure sensitive adhesive including a release paper.
- FIG. 1 an example, fire resistant 2-ply veneer assembly 10 for aircraft interiors is shown including a decorative wood veneer layer 20 , a layer of phenolic adhesive 22 and an aluminum foil backing 30 .
- the veneer structure 10 shown in FIG. 1 may be considered as a lay up which is first arranged and then pressed at elevated temperature to produce a bonded laminated structure.
- the edges of each layer are shown recessed within the underlying layer for ease of illustration.
- a thin film of phenolic adhesives 22 is interposed between decorative wood veneer layer 20 and aluminum foil layer 30 .
- Decorative wood veneer layer 20 may be fashioned from any one of a multitude of decorative woods. Phenolic adhesive is activated by high pressure and high temperature.
- the lay-up shown in FIG. 1 is preferably pressed at a pressure between 150 psi and 250 psi and at a temperature between 275 degrees F. and 325 degrees F. for four to six minutes.
- This high pressure, high temperature pressing operation activates the phenolic adhesive and results in a permanently bonded veneer assembly.
- FIG. 1A illustrates veneer assembly 9 , which indicates a veneer assembly, which is not completed.
- Veneer assembly 9 has not been processed through a wide belt sanding operation.
- decorative veneer layer 20 of unsanded veneer assembly 9 typically has residues from the manufacturing process and slight variations in thickness.
- Precision wide belt sanding is well known in the art. The object of the precision wide belt sanding operation is to remove any residues from the manufacturing process and flatten outer surface 20 A of decorative veneer layer 20 in order to produce a finished veneer assembly having a substantially uniform thickness.
- outer surface 30 A of aluminum foil layer 30 is pressed against a feed belt and platen while multi wide belt sanding heads remove material from outer surface 20 A of decorative veneer layer 20 .
- multi wide belt sanding heads remove material from outer surface 20 A of decorative veneer layer 20 .
- FIG. 1C shows veneer laminate 10 with an additional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 30 B.
- PSA pressure sensitive adhesive
- PSA includes a release paper ( 30 C), which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface.
- FIG. 2 an example, fire resistant 3-ply veneer assembly 200 for aircraft interiors is shown including a decorative wood veneer layer 220 , an aluminum foil layer 230 and a non-decorative veneer backing 240 .
- the veneer structure 200 shown in FIG. 2 may be considered as a lay up which is first arranged and then pressed at elevated temperature to produce a bonded laminated structure.
- the edges of each layer are shown recessed within the underlying layer for ease of illustration.
- thin films of phenolic adhesives 222 and 232 are interposed between decorative wood veneer layer 20 and aluminum foil layer 230 and between aluminum foil layer 230 and non-decorative wood veneer layer 240 .
- Decorative wood veneer layer 220 may be fashioned from any one of a multitude of decorative woods.
- Non-decorative wood veneer layer 240 is preferably fashioned from poplar.
- a phenolic adhesive is activated by high pressure and high temperature.
- the lay-up shown in FIG. 2 is preferably pressed at a pressure between 150 psi and 250 psi and at a temperature between 275 degrees F. and 325 degrees F. for four to six minutes. This high pressure, high temperature pressing operation activates the phenolic adhesive and results in a permanently bonded veneer assembly.
- FIG. 2A illustrates veneer assembly 190 , which indicates a veneer assembly, which is not completed.
- Veneer assembly 190 has not been processed through a wide belt sanding operation.
- decorative veneer layer 220 of unsanded veneer assembly 190 typically has residues from the manufacturing process and slight variations in thickness.
- non-decorative veneer layer 240 typically has residues from the manufacturing process and slight variations in thickness.
- Precision wide belt sanding is well known in the art. The object of the precision wide belt sanding operation is flatten the outer surface 240 A of non-decorative veneer layer 240 in order to produce a finished veneer assembly having a substantially uniform thickness.
- outer surface 220 A of decorative veneer 220 is pressed against a feed belt and platen while multi wide belt sanding heads removes material from outer surface 240 A of non-decorative veneer layer 240 .
- multi wide belt sanding heads removes material from outer surface 240 A of non-decorative veneer layer 240 .
- FIG. 2B A completed, wide belt sanded veneer assembly 200 is shown in FIG. 2B .
- FIG. 2B A completed, wide belt sanded veneer assembly 200 is shown in FIG. 2B .
- decorative veneer surface 220 A may also be sanded to remove any residues from the manufacturing process and flatten the outer surface 220 A of decorative veneer layer 220 in a wide belt sanding operation—but only very slightly in order to preserve as much of the thickness of decorative veneer layer 220 as possible.
- the resulting sanded assembly may have internal variations but will present a substantially flat decorative veneer surface 220 A. Close inspection of FIG. 2B reveals that the outside surface of decorative veneer layer 220 , namely surface 220 A is generally flat. Further, in FIG. 2B , aluminum foil layer 230 now undulates in a way that corresponds to the initial variation of decorative veneer layer 220 shown in FIG. 2A .
- FIG. 2B aluminum foil layer 230 now undulates in a way that corresponds to the initial variation of decorative veneer layer 220 shown in FIG. 2A .
- non-decorative veneer layer 240 varies in thickness and the outside surface 240 A of non-decorative veneer layer 240 is generally flat. In effect, material has been removed from non-decorative veneer layer 240 to compensate for the variations in thickness originally present in the veneers. Accordingly, if the wide belt sanded veneer assembly 200 shown in FIG. 2B is mounted to a flat substrate surface, outside surface 220 A of decorative veneer layer 220 will present a surface that is sufficiently flat and smooth for a high quality aircraft interior finish.
- FIG. 2C shows veneer laminate 200 .
- Non-decorative veneer layer 240 may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 240 B.
- PSA includes a release paper ( 40 C), which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface.
- an example fire resistant 4-ply veneer assembly 300 for aircraft interiors including a decorative wood veneer layer 20 , an aluminum foil layer 30 , a non-decorative veneer layer 40 and an aluminum foil backing 50 .
- the veneer structure 300 shown in FIG. 3 may be manufactured using two different manufacturing options.
- the first option is as follows.
- the veneer structure 300 shown in FIG. 3 may be considered as a lay-up, which is first, arranged and then pressed at elevated temperature to produce a bonded laminated structure.
- the edges of each layer are shown recessed within the underlying layer for ease of illustration.
- thin films of phenolic adhesives 322 , 332 and 342 are interposed between decorative wood veneer layer 320 and aluminum foil layer 330 , between aluminum foil layer 330 and non-decorative wood veneer layer 430 and between non-decorative wood veneer layer 240 and aluminum foil backing 250 .
- Decorative wood veneer layer 220 may be fashioned from any one of a multitude of decorative woods.
- Non-decorative wood veneer layer 340 is preferably fashioned from poplar.
- Phenolic adhesive is activated by high pressure and high temperature.
- the lay-up shown in FIG. 3 is preferably pressed at a pressure between 150 psi and 250 psi and at a temperature between 275 degrees F. and 325 degrees F. for four to six minutes. This high pressure, high temperature pressing operation activates the phenolic adhesive and results in a permanently bonded veneer assembly.
- FIG. 3A illustrates veneer assembly 290 , which indicates a veneer assembly, which is not completed.
- Veneer assembly 290 has not been processed through a wide belt sanding operation.
- decorative veneer layer 320 of unsanded veneer assembly 290 typically has residues from the manufacturing process and slight variations in thickness. The same is the case for non-decorative veneer layer 340 .
- the residues from manufacturing may be removed in a precision belt sanding operation.
- outer surface 320 A of decorative veneer layer 320 in order to produced a finished veneer assembly having a substantially uniform thickness.
- Outer surface 320 A is chosen because it is the only veneer surface that is exposed for sanding.
- outer surface 350 A an aluminum foil surface
- multi wide belt sanding heads remove material from outer surface 320 A of decorative veneer layer 320 .
- variations in thickness in veneer layers 20 and 40 are largely eliminated by removing material from non-decorative veneer layer 20 as shown in FIG. 3B .
- a completed, wide belt sanded veneer assembly 300 is shown in FIG. 3B .
- FIG. 3B A completed, wide belt sanded veneer assembly 300 is shown in FIG. 3B .
- decorative veneer surface 320 A may also be sanded to remove any residues from the manufacturing process and flatten the outer surface 320 A of decorative veneer layer 320 in a wide belt sanding operation—but only very slightly in order to preserve as much of the thickness of decorative veneer layer 20 as possible.
- the resulting sanded assembly may have internal variations but will present a substantially flat decorative veneer surface 320 A. In effect, material has been removed from decorative veneer layer 320 to compensate for the variations in thickness originally present in the veneers. Accordingly, if the wide belt sanded veneer assembly 300 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3B is mounted to a flat substrate surface, outside surface 20 A of decorative veneer layer 20 will present a surface that is sufficiently flat and smooth for a high quality aircraft interior finish.
- FIG. 3C shows veneer laminate 300 .
- Aluminum layer 350 may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 350 B.
- PSA includes a release paper ( 350 C), which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate.
- a second option for veneer structure 300 is made possible by dividing the lay up into two steps, a first step which produces a laminate which presents an exposed layer of non-decorative veneer and a second step which covers that non-decorative veneer with a second layer of aluminum foil.
- a first step which produces a laminate which presents an exposed layer of non-decorative veneer
- a second step which covers that non-decorative veneer with a second layer of aluminum foil.
- the veneer structure 300 shown in FIG. 3 may be considered as a double lay up which is first arranged and then pressed in two separate operations at elevated temperature to produce a bonded laminated structure.
- outer surface 320 A may be sanded to remove any residues from the manufacturing process and flatten the outer surface 320 A of decorative veneer layer 320 in a wide belt sanding operation—but only very slightly in order to preserve as much of the thickness of decorative veneer layer 320 as possible.
- FIG. 3B A completed, wide belt sanded veneer assembly 300 is shown in FIG. 3B .
- the resulting sanded assembly may have internal variations but will present a substantially flat decorative veneer surface 320 A.
- FIG. 3C shows veneer laminate 300 with an extra layer of adhesive 350 B.
- Aluminum layer 50 may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 350 B.
- PSA includes a release paper 350 C, which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate.
- an example fire resistant 5-ply veneer assembly 400 for aircraft interiors including a decorative wood veneer layer 420 , an aluminum foil layer 430 , a non-decorative veneer backing 440 , an aluminum foil layer 450 and non-decorative veneer backing 460 .
- the veneer structure 400 shown in FIG. 4 may be considered as a lay up which is first arranged and then pressed at elevated temperature to produce a bonded laminated structure.
- the edges of each layer are shown recessed within the underlying layer for ease of illustration. As can be seen in FIG.
- FIG. 4A illustrates veneer assembly 390 , which indicates a veneer assembly, which is not completed. Veneer assembly 390 has not been processed through a wide belt sanding operation. As is shown in FIG.
- decorative veneer layer 420 of unsanded veneer assembly 390 typically has residues from the manufacturing process and slight variations in thickness.
- non-decorative veneer layers 440 and 460 In the precision wide belt sanding operation, outer surface 420 A is pressed against a feed belt and platen while multi wide belt sanding heads removes material from outer surface 460 A of non-decorative veneer layer 460 .
- the variations in thickness in veneer layers 420 , 440 and 460 are largely eliminated by removing material from non-decorative veneer layer 460 as shown in FIG. 4B .
- a completed, wide belt sanded veneer assembly 400 is shown in FIG. 4B .
- FIG. 4B A completed, wide belt sanded veneer assembly 400 is shown in FIG. 4B .
- decorative veneer surface 420 A may also be sanded to remove any residues from the manufacturing process and flatten the outer surface 420 A of decorative veneer layer 420 in a wide belt sanding operation—but only very slightly in order to preserve as much of the thickness of decorative veneer layer 420 as possible.
- the resulting sanded assembly may have internal variations but will present a substantially flat decorative veneer surface 420 A. Close inspection of FIG. 4B reveals that the outside surface of decorative veneer layer 420 namely surface 420 A is generally flat.
- aluminum foil layers 430 and 450 now undulates in a way that corresponds to the initial variation of decorative veneer layer 20 shown in FIG. 4A .
- FIG. 4B aluminum foil layers 430 and 450 now undulates in a way that corresponds to the initial variation of decorative veneer layer 20 shown in FIG. 4A .
- non-decorative veneer layer 440 and 460 varies in thickness and the outside surface 460 A of non-decorative veneer layer 460 is generally flat.
- material has been removed from non-decorative veneer layer 460 to compensate for the variations in thickness originally present in the veneers. Accordingly, if the wide belt sanded veneer assembly 400 shown in FIG. 4B is mounted to a flat substrate surface, outside surface 420 A of decorative veneer layer 420 will present a surface that is sufficiently flat and smooth for a high quality aircraft interior finish.
- Decorative veneer surface 420 A may also be sanded in a wide belt sanding operation—but only very slightly in order to preserve as much of the thickness of decorative veneer layer 420 as possible.
- FIG. 4C shows veneer laminate 400 .
- Non-decorative veneer layer 460 may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 60 B.
- PSA includes a release paper ( 60 C), which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface.
- FIG. 1C shows veneer laminate 100 .
- Aluminum foil backing may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 30 B.
- PSA includes a release paper 30 C, which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface.
- FIG. 2C shows veneer laminate 200 .
- Non-decorative wood veneer backing may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 230 B.
- PSA includes a release paper 230 C, which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface.
- FIG. 3C shows veneer laminate 300 .
- Aluminum foil layer may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 50 B.
- PSA includes a release paper 350 C, which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface.
- FIG. 4C shows veneer laminate 400 .
- Non-decorative backing may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 460 B.
- PSA includes a release paper 460 C, which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface.
- FIGS. 1 and 3 shows fire resistant veneer assembly 100 and 300 .
- Veneer assembly 300 includes a completed veneer assembly 200 and an additional aluminum foil layer 50 .
- Some types of substrates for aircraft interior panels include nomex cores or other materials, which can be more easily bonded to aluminum. Accordingly, for some applications it is advantageous to have a veneer assembly, which further includes an aluminum foil backing.
- This additional layer of aluminum foil also further increases the flame resistance of the veneer assembly.
- Aluminum foil layer 50 may have a thickness ranging between 0.0005 inches and 0.006 inches. Preference will generally be given to the thinnest foil possible since each additional 0.001 inches in thickness of aluminum foil adds approximately 0.46 pounds to every standard 48 inch ⁇ 96 inch sheet of finished veneer assembly. A weight of 0.46 pounds is deemed to be a significant amount of weight in the aircraft industry. If aluminum foil layer 50 is not added for additional flame resistance, then aluminum foil layer 50 need only be thick enough to provide a surface for bonding to some types of substrates.
- veneer assemblies 100 , 200 , 300 and 400 provide light, strong, fire resistant veneer assemblies. Applicant's test of all of the above veneer assemblies have shown that these veneer assemblies are capable of passing very stringent flame tests mandated by the FAA.
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- Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
Abstract
A flame resistant wood veneer assembly in the four embodiments, includes a decorative wood veneer layer, and a combination of aluminum foil layer(s)/backing(s) and a non-decorative wood veneer layer(s)/backing(s), the aluminum foil layer is bonded to the decorative wood veneer layer and between the non-decorative wood veneer layer(s)/backing(s) with phenolic adhesive at high pressure and high temperature wherein the high pressure is at least 150 pounds per square inch and the high temperature is at least 275 degrees Fahrenheit and where such high pressure and temperature is applied for at least four minutes. The resulting assembly is preferably wide belt sanded to produce a smooth, flat veneer product.
Description
- This application claims benefit of and is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/973,686, filed Oct. 10, 2007.
- This invention relates to fire resistant laminated natural wood veneer assemblies for aircraft assemblies and methods for making such veneer assemblies.
- Part 25 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations sets forth a stringent Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) vertical flammability test for materials proposed for aircraft interiors. More particularly, the standards for flammability tests, heat release rate tests and smoke emission tests for proposed aircraft cabin materials are very stringent for aircraft capable of carrying 20 or more passengers. In the past, such test standards have impeded the use of natural wood veneers in aircraft for carrying fewer than 20 passengers and have generally precluded the use of such natural wood veneers in aircraft carrying more than 20 passengers. One solution, for aircraft carrying fewer than 20 passengers has been the application of fire retardant chemicals to wood veneers. But in many cases, fire needed is a veneer assembly which does not require the use of fire retardant chemicals and which is inherently flame resistant.
- The present invention provides an inherently flame resistant 2-ply veneer assembly. The present veneer assembly generally includes a decorative wood veneer and an aluminum foil backing bonded together in a laminated veneer assembly. The method for making the flame resistant veneer assembly includes laying up a decorative wood veneer and an aluminum foil backing with a thin film of phenolic adhesive between decorative wood veneers and the aluminum foil. The lay up is then pressed preferably at a pressure between 150 psi and 250 psi and at a temperature between 275 degrees F. and 325 degrees F. for four to six minutes. It is preferable that after the assembly is pressed under high pressure and temperature, the assembly is precision sanded using wide belt sanders. The decorative veneer surface may flattened by precision belt sanding. When sanding of the decorative veneer surface the object being to limit the amount of decorative veneer removed by sanding as much as possible. In some applications, a 2-ply embodiment having only an aluminum foil backing is advantageous where weight may be an issue and for easily forming the laminated veneer assembly for a preferred shape requirement. Also in some applications, having an aluminum foil backing is advantageous for bonding with specific adhesive(s) to various substrates such as honeycomb core. A pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) may be added to the aluminum foil backing for bonding to various panels and other substrates.
- In a second three ply embodiment of the invention, a non-decorative layer may be bonded to the back of the aluminum foil layer by means of a second thin film of phenolic adhesive in a bonding process substantially like the high pressure, high temperature process described above. The bonding of the non-decorative layer is preferably conducted in the same bonding operation as the bonding the decorative wood veneer and the aluminum foil backing. It is preferable that after the three ply assembly is pressed under high pressure and temperature and that the assembly is precision sanded using wide belt sanders. The non-decorative veneer backing is initially precision sanded in order to flatten the veneer assembly. The decorative veneer surface may also be sanded with the object being to limit the amount of decorative veneer removed by sanding. In some applications having a non-decorative wood backing is advantageous for bonding with specific adhesive(s) to various substrates such as honeycomb core. A pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) may be added to the non-decorative veneer for bonding to various panels and other substrates.
- In a third embodiment of the invention, a 4-ply, a second aluminum foil layer may be bonded to the back of the non-decorative wood veneer by a second phenolic bonding process substantially like the high pressure, high temperature process described above. The bonding of the second aluminum foil layer should preferably occur after the above-described wide belt sanding of the non-decorative layer operations and before sanding the decorative veneer surface. The decorative veneer surface may also be sanded after the second phenolic bonding process with the object being to limit the amount of decorative veneer removed by sanding as much as possible. In some applications, having an aluminum foil backing is advantageous for bonding with specific adhesive(s) to various substrates such as honeycomb core. A pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) may be added to the second aluminum foil layer for bonding to various panels and other substrates.
- In a five ply fourth embodiment of the invention, a second aluminum foil layer and a second non-decorative wood veneer layer may be bonded to the back of the decorative wood veneer layer. It is preferable that after the assembly is pressed under high pressure and temperature, the assembly is precision sanded using wide belt sanders. The second non-decorative veneer backing is initially precision sanded in order to flatten the veneer assembly. The decorative veneer surface may also be sanded with the object being to limit the amount of decorative veneer removed by sanding as much as possible. This 5-ply embodiment provides a less flexible veneer assembly thereby providing additional strength when required. In some applications, having a non-decorative wood veneer backing may be advantageous for bonding with specific adhesive(s) to various substrates such as honeycomb core. A pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) may be added to the second non-decorative veneer layer for bonding to various panels and
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective cross-section diagram illustrating a first veneer assembly embodiment. -
FIG. 1A is a cross-section diagram illustrating the first veneer assembly embodiment before wide belt sanding. -
FIG. 1B is a cross-section diagram illustrating the first veneer assembly embodiment after wide belt sanding. -
FIG. 1C is a cross-section diagram illustrating the first veneer assembly embodiment with an added layer of pressure sensitive adhesive including a release paper. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective cross-section diagram illustrating a second veneer assembly embodiment. -
FIG. 2A is a cross-section diagram illustrating the second veneer assembly embodiment before wide belt sanding. -
FIG. 2B is a cross-section diagram illustrating the second veneer assembly embodiment after wide belt sanding. -
FIG. 2C is a cross-section diagram illustrating the second veneer assembly embodiment with an added layer of pressure sensitive adhesive including a release paper. -
FIG. 3 is a perspective cross-section diagram illustrating a third veneer assembly embodiment. -
FIG. 3A is a cross-section diagram illustrating the third veneer assembly embodiment before wide belt sanding. -
FIG. 3B is a cross-section diagram illustrating the third veneer assembly embodiment after wide belt sanding. -
FIG. 3C is a cross-section diagram illustrating the third veneer assembly embodiment with an added layer of pressure sensitive adhesive including a release paper. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective cross-section diagram illustrating a fourth veneer assembly embodiment. -
FIG. 4A is a cross-section diagram illustrating the fourth veneer assembly embodiment before wide belt sanding. -
FIG. 4B is a cross-section diagram illustrating the fourth veneer assembly embodiment after wide belt sanding. -
FIG. 4C is a cross-section diagram illustrating the fourth veneer assembly embodiment with an added layer of pressure sensitive adhesive including a release paper. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , an example, fire resistant 2-ply veneer assembly 10 for aircraft interiors is shown including a decorativewood veneer layer 20, a layer of phenolic adhesive 22 and an aluminum foil backing 30. Theveneer structure 10 shown inFIG. 1 may be considered as a lay up which is first arranged and then pressed at elevated temperature to produce a bonded laminated structure. InFIG. 1 , the edges of each layer are shown recessed within the underlying layer for ease of illustration. As can be seen inFIG. 1 , a thin film ofphenolic adhesives 22 is interposed between decorativewood veneer layer 20 andaluminum foil layer 30. Decorativewood veneer layer 20 may be fashioned from any one of a multitude of decorative woods. Phenolic adhesive is activated by high pressure and high temperature. Thus, the lay-up shown inFIG. 1 is preferably pressed at a pressure between 150 psi and 250 psi and at a temperature between 275 degrees F. and 325 degrees F. for four to six minutes. This high pressure, high temperature pressing operation activates the phenolic adhesive and results in a permanently bonded veneer assembly. -
FIG. 1A illustratesveneer assembly 9, which indicates a veneer assembly, which is not completed.Veneer assembly 9 has not been processed through a wide belt sanding operation. As is shown inFIG. 1A ,decorative veneer layer 20 ofunsanded veneer assembly 9 typically has residues from the manufacturing process and slight variations in thickness. Precision wide belt sanding is well known in the art. The object of the precision wide belt sanding operation is to remove any residues from the manufacturing process and flattenouter surface 20A ofdecorative veneer layer 20 in order to produce a finished veneer assembly having a substantially uniform thickness. In the precision wide belt sanding operation,outer surface 30A ofaluminum foil layer 30 is pressed against a feed belt and platen while multi wide belt sanding heads remove material fromouter surface 20A ofdecorative veneer layer 20. Thus any residues from the manufacturing process and the variations in thickness inveneer layer 20 are largely eliminated by removing material fromdecorative layer 20 as shown inFIG. 1B . -
FIG. 1C showsveneer laminate 10 with an additional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 30B. Typically, PSA includes a release paper (30C), which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , an example, fire resistant 3-ply veneer assembly 200 for aircraft interiors is shown including a decorativewood veneer layer 220, analuminum foil layer 230 and anon-decorative veneer backing 240. Theveneer structure 200 shown inFIG. 2 may be considered as a lay up which is first arranged and then pressed at elevated temperature to produce a bonded laminated structure. InFIG. 2 , the edges of each layer are shown recessed within the underlying layer for ease of illustration. As can be seen inFIG. 2 , thin films ofphenolic adhesives wood veneer layer 20 andaluminum foil layer 230 and betweenaluminum foil layer 230 and non-decorativewood veneer layer 240. Decorativewood veneer layer 220 may be fashioned from any one of a multitude of decorative woods. Non-decorativewood veneer layer 240 is preferably fashioned from poplar. As described above, a phenolic adhesive is activated by high pressure and high temperature. Thus, the lay-up shown inFIG. 2 is preferably pressed at a pressure between 150 psi and 250 psi and at a temperature between 275 degrees F. and 325 degrees F. for four to six minutes. This high pressure, high temperature pressing operation activates the phenolic adhesive and results in a permanently bonded veneer assembly. -
FIG. 2A illustrates veneer assembly 190, which indicates a veneer assembly, which is not completed. Veneer assembly 190 has not been processed through a wide belt sanding operation. As is shown inFIG. 2A ,decorative veneer layer 220 of unsanded veneer assembly 190 typically has residues from the manufacturing process and slight variations in thickness. The same is the case fornon-decorative veneer layer 240. Precision wide belt sanding is well known in the art. The object of the precision wide belt sanding operation is flatten theouter surface 240A ofnon-decorative veneer layer 240 in order to produce a finished veneer assembly having a substantially uniform thickness. In this precision wide belt sanding operation,outer surface 220A ofdecorative veneer 220 is pressed against a feed belt and platen while multi wide belt sanding heads removes material fromouter surface 240A ofnon-decorative veneer layer 240. Thus the variations in thickness inveneer layers non-decorative veneer layer 240 as shown inFIG. 2B . A completed, wide belt sandedveneer assembly 200 is shown inFIG. 2B . InFIG. 2B ,decorative veneer surface 220A may also be sanded to remove any residues from the manufacturing process and flatten theouter surface 220A ofdecorative veneer layer 220 in a wide belt sanding operation—but only very slightly in order to preserve as much of the thickness ofdecorative veneer layer 220 as possible. InFIG. 2B , the resulting sanded assembly may have internal variations but will present a substantially flatdecorative veneer surface 220A. Close inspection ofFIG. 2B reveals that the outside surface ofdecorative veneer layer 220, namely surface 220A is generally flat. Further, inFIG. 2B ,aluminum foil layer 230 now undulates in a way that corresponds to the initial variation ofdecorative veneer layer 220 shown inFIG. 2A . InFIG. 2B ,non-decorative veneer layer 240 varies in thickness and theoutside surface 240A ofnon-decorative veneer layer 240 is generally flat. In effect, material has been removed fromnon-decorative veneer layer 240 to compensate for the variations in thickness originally present in the veneers. Accordingly, if the wide belt sandedveneer assembly 200 shown inFIG. 2B is mounted to a flat substrate surface, outsidesurface 220A ofdecorative veneer layer 220 will present a surface that is sufficiently flat and smooth for a high quality aircraft interior finish.FIG. 2C showsveneer laminate 200.Non-decorative veneer layer 240 may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 240B. Typically, PSA includes a release paper (40C), which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface. - Referring to
FIG. 3 , an example fire resistant 4-ply veneer assembly 300 for aircraft interiors is shown including a decorativewood veneer layer 20, analuminum foil layer 30, a non-decorative veneer layer 40 and an aluminum foil backing 50. Theveneer structure 300 shown inFIG. 3 may be manufactured using two different manufacturing options. - The first option is as follows. The
veneer structure 300 shown inFIG. 3 may be considered as a lay-up, which is first, arranged and then pressed at elevated temperature to produce a bonded laminated structure. InFIG. 3 , the edges of each layer are shown recessed within the underlying layer for ease of illustration. As can be seen inFIG. 3 , thin films ofphenolic adhesives wood veneer layer 320 andaluminum foil layer 330, betweenaluminum foil layer 330 and non-decorativewood veneer layer 430 and between non-decorativewood veneer layer 240 and aluminum foil backing 250. Decorativewood veneer layer 220 may be fashioned from any one of a multitude of decorative woods. Non-decorativewood veneer layer 340 is preferably fashioned from poplar. Phenolic adhesive is activated by high pressure and high temperature. Thus, the lay-up shown inFIG. 3 is preferably pressed at a pressure between 150 psi and 250 psi and at a temperature between 275 degrees F. and 325 degrees F. for four to six minutes. This high pressure, high temperature pressing operation activates the phenolic adhesive and results in a permanently bonded veneer assembly. -
FIG. 3A illustratesveneer assembly 290, which indicates a veneer assembly, which is not completed.Veneer assembly 290 has not been processed through a wide belt sanding operation. As is shown inFIG. 3A ,decorative veneer layer 320 ofunsanded veneer assembly 290 typically has residues from the manufacturing process and slight variations in thickness. The same is the case fornon-decorative veneer layer 340. As described above, the residues from manufacturing may be removed in a precision belt sanding operation. Thus with precision belt sanding variations presented byouter surface 320A ofdecorative veneer layer 320 in order to produced a finished veneer assembly having a substantially uniform thickness.Outer surface 320A is chosen because it is the only veneer surface that is exposed for sanding. In the precision wide belt sanding operation, outer surface 350A, an aluminum foil surface, is pressed against a feed belt and platen while multi wide belt sanding heads remove material fromouter surface 320A ofdecorative veneer layer 320. Thus the variations in thickness in veneer layers 20 and 40 are largely eliminated by removing material fromnon-decorative veneer layer 20 as shown inFIG. 3B . A completed, wide belt sandedveneer assembly 300 is shown inFIG. 3B . InFIG. 3B ,decorative veneer surface 320A may also be sanded to remove any residues from the manufacturing process and flatten theouter surface 320A ofdecorative veneer layer 320 in a wide belt sanding operation—but only very slightly in order to preserve as much of the thickness ofdecorative veneer layer 20 as possible. InFIG. 3B , the resulting sanded assembly may have internal variations but will present a substantially flatdecorative veneer surface 320A. In effect, material has been removed fromdecorative veneer layer 320 to compensate for the variations in thickness originally present in the veneers. Accordingly, if the wide belt sandedveneer assembly 300 shown inFIG. 3B is mounted to a flat substrate surface, outsidesurface 20A ofdecorative veneer layer 20 will present a surface that is sufficiently flat and smooth for a high quality aircraft interior finish.FIG. 3C showsveneer laminate 300.Aluminum layer 350 may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 350B. Typically, PSA includes a release paper (350C), which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate. - A second option for
veneer structure 300 is made possible by dividing the lay up into two steps, a first step which produces a laminate which presents an exposed layer of non-decorative veneer and a second step which covers that non-decorative veneer with a second layer of aluminum foil. Thus, to make theveneer structure 300 shown inFIG. 3 an additional pressing operation and a different sanding operation sequence are required. Theveneer structure 300 shown inFIG. 3 may be considered as a double lay up which is first arranged and then pressed in two separate operations at elevated temperature to produce a bonded laminated structure. In the first pressing operationdecorative veneer 320,phenolic adhesive 322,aluminum foil 330,phenolic adhesive 332 andnon-decorative veneer 340 are bonded to make an assembly withnon-decorative veneer 340 exposed. Thin film of adhesive 342 and the aluminum foil backing 330 will be added in a second pressing operation to the back ofnon-decorative veneer 340. - Thus the product of the first pressing operation described above is precision sanded by pressing outside
surface 320A ofdecorative veneer 320 against a platin and precision sandingnon-decorative veneer 340 to take out variations in the veneer layers. Then, the lay-up shown inFIG. 3 is preferably pressed a second time at the pressures, temperatures and durations described above. To complete a wide belt sandedveneer assembly 300 as shown inFIG. 3B ,outer surface 320A may be sanded to remove any residues from the manufacturing process and flatten theouter surface 320A ofdecorative veneer layer 320 in a wide belt sanding operation—but only very slightly in order to preserve as much of the thickness ofdecorative veneer layer 320 as possible. Thus the variations in thickness inveneer layers decorative veneer layer 340 as shown inFIG. 3B . A completed, wide belt sandedveneer assembly 300 is shown inFIG. 3B . InFIG. 3B , the resulting sanded assembly may have internal variations but will present a substantially flatdecorative veneer surface 320A. Close inspection ofFIG. 3B reveals that the outside surface ofdecorative veneer layer 320, namely surface 320A is generally flat.FIG. 3C showsveneer laminate 300 with an extra layer of adhesive 350B. Aluminum layer 50 may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 350B. Typically, PSA includes a release paper 350C, which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate. - Referring to
FIG. 4 , an example fire resistant 5-ply veneer assembly 400 for aircraft interiors is shown including a decorativewood veneer layer 420, analuminum foil layer 430, a non-decorative veneer backing 440, analuminum foil layer 450 andnon-decorative veneer backing 460. Theveneer structure 400 shown inFIG. 4 may be considered as a lay up which is first arranged and then pressed at elevated temperature to produce a bonded laminated structure. InFIG. 4 , the edges of each layer are shown recessed within the underlying layer for ease of illustration. As can be seen inFIG. 4 , thin films ofphenolic adhesives wood veneer layer 420 andaluminum foil layer 430, betweenaluminum foil layer 430 and non-decorativewood veneer layer 440, between non-decorativewood veneer layer 440 andaluminum foil layer 450 and betweenaluminum foil layer 450 and non-decorativewood veneer layer 460. A noted above, phenolic adhesive is activated by high pressure and high temperature.FIG. 4A illustrates veneer assembly 390, which indicates a veneer assembly, which is not completed. Veneer assembly 390 has not been processed through a wide belt sanding operation. As is shown inFIG. 4A ,decorative veneer layer 420 of unsanded veneer assembly 390 typically has residues from the manufacturing process and slight variations in thickness. The same is the case for non-decorative veneer layers 440 and 460. In the precision wide belt sanding operation,outer surface 420A is pressed against a feed belt and platen while multi wide belt sanding heads removes material fromouter surface 460A ofnon-decorative veneer layer 460. Thus the variations in thickness in veneer layers 420, 440 and 460 are largely eliminated by removing material fromnon-decorative veneer layer 460 as shown inFIG. 4B . A completed, wide belt sandedveneer assembly 400 is shown inFIG. 4B . InFIG. 4B ,decorative veneer surface 420A may also be sanded to remove any residues from the manufacturing process and flatten theouter surface 420A ofdecorative veneer layer 420 in a wide belt sanding operation—but only very slightly in order to preserve as much of the thickness ofdecorative veneer layer 420 as possible. InFIG. 4B , the resulting sanded assembly may have internal variations but will present a substantially flatdecorative veneer surface 420A. Close inspection ofFIG. 4B reveals that the outside surface ofdecorative veneer layer 420 namelysurface 420A is generally flat. Further, inFIG. 4B , aluminum foil layers 430 and 450 now undulates in a way that corresponds to the initial variation ofdecorative veneer layer 20 shown inFIG. 4A . InFIG. 4B ,non-decorative veneer layer outside surface 460A ofnon-decorative veneer layer 460 is generally flat. In effect, material has been removed fromnon-decorative veneer layer 460 to compensate for the variations in thickness originally present in the veneers. Accordingly, if the wide belt sandedveneer assembly 400 shown inFIG. 4B is mounted to a flat substrate surface, outsidesurface 420A ofdecorative veneer layer 420 will present a surface that is sufficiently flat and smooth for a high quality aircraft interior finish. Decorative veneer surface 420A may also be sanded in a wide belt sanding operation—but only very slightly in order to preserve as much of the thickness ofdecorative veneer layer 420 as possible.FIG. 4C showsveneer laminate 400.Non-decorative veneer layer 460 may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 60B. Typically, PSA includes a release paper (60C), which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface. - Flame tests have shown that the resulting veneer assembly 100 (2-ply) is highly flame resistant. Tests have shown that the best results, in terms of flame resistance and minimum weight, are achieved if the thickness of the decorative veneer layer generally about 0.024 inches prior to sanding operations and if the thickness of the aluminum foil layer is between 0.002 inches and 0.006 inches with the most preferable thickness being about 0.003 to 0.005 inches. It should be noted that 0.024 or 1/42 inches is a standard thickness for wood veneers.
FIG. 1C shows veneer laminate 100. Aluminum foil backing may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 30B. Typically, PSA includes a release paper 30C, which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface. - Flame tests have shown that the resulting veneer assembly 200 (3-ply) is highly flame resistant. Tests have shown that the best results, in terms of flame resistance and minimum weight, are achieved if the thickness of the decorative veneer layer generally about 0.024 inches prior to sanding operations and if the thickness of the aluminum foil layer is between 0.002 inches and 0.006 inches with the most preferable thickness being about 0.003 to 0.005 inches. It should be noted that 0.024 or 1/42 inches is a standard thickness for wood veneers.
FIG. 2C showsveneer laminate 200. Non-decorative wood veneer backing may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 230B. Typically, PSA includes a release paper 230C, which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface. - Flame tests have shown that the resulting veneer assembly 300 (4-ply) is highly flame resistant. Tests have shown that the best results, in terms of flame resistance and minimum weight, are achieved if the thickness of the decorative veneer layer and non-decorative veneer layers generally about 0.024 inches prior to sanding operations and if the thickness of the aluminum foil layers are between 0.002 inches and 0.006 inches with the most preferable thickness being about 0.003 to 0.005 inches. It should be noted that 0.024 or 1/42 inches is a standard thickness for wood veneers.
FIG. 3C showsveneer laminate 300. Aluminum foil layer may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 50B. Typically, PSA includes a release paper 350C, which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface. - Flame tests have shown that the resulting
veneer assembly 400 is highly flame resistant. Tests have shown that the best results, in terms of flame resistance and minimum weight, are achieved if the thickness of the decorative veneer layer and non-decorative veneer layers are generally about 0.024 inches prior to sanding operations and if the thickness of the aluminum foil layer is between 0.002 inches and 0.006 inches with the most preferable thickness being about 0.003 to 0.005 inches. It should be noted that 0.024 or 1/42 inches is a standard thickness for wood veneers.FIG. 4C showsveneer laminate 400. Non-decorative backing may include an optional layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 460B. Typically, PSA includes arelease paper 460C, which can be peeled away prior to placement on a substrate surface. -
FIGS. 1 and 3 shows fireresistant veneer assembly 100 and 300.Veneer assembly 300 includes a completedveneer assembly 200 and an additional aluminum foil layer 50. Some types of substrates for aircraft interior panels include nomex cores or other materials, which can be more easily bonded to aluminum. Accordingly, for some applications it is advantageous to have a veneer assembly, which further includes an aluminum foil backing. This additional layer of aluminum foil also further increases the flame resistance of the veneer assembly. Aluminum foil layer 50 may have a thickness ranging between 0.0005 inches and 0.006 inches. Preference will generally be given to the thinnest foil possible since each additional 0.001 inches in thickness of aluminum foil adds approximately 0.46 pounds to every standard 48 inch×96 inch sheet of finished veneer assembly. A weight of 0.46 pounds is deemed to be a significant amount of weight in the aircraft industry. If aluminum foil layer 50 is not added for additional flame resistance, then aluminum foil layer 50 need only be thick enough to provide a surface for bonding to some types of substrates. - As can be seen from the above description,
veneer assemblies - It is to be understood that while certain forms of this invention have been illustrated and described, it is not limited thereto, except in so far as such limitations are included in the following claims and allowable equivalents thereof:
Claims (8)
1-4. (canceled)
5. A method for making a fire resistant wood veneer assembly, comprising the following steps;
a) laying up a decorative wood veneer, an aluminum foil layer and a non-decorative wood veneer with a thin film of phenolic adhesive resin applied directly between the decorative wood veneer and the aluminum foil and a thin film of phenolic adhesive resin applied directly between the aluminum foil and the non-decorative wood veneer to make a lay up having no intervening layers of paper or fabric,
b) pressing the lay up of step (a) at a pressure between 150 psi and 250 psi and at a temperature between 275 degrees F. and 325 degrees F. for four to six minutes,
c) pressing the decorative wood veneer layer against a platen and belt sanding the non-decorative wood veneer layer disposed on the side of the aluminum immediately opposite the decorative veneer layer so that the resulting sanded lay up has a generally uniform thickness.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising the step(s) of:
adding a thin film of adhesive to the exposed surface of the non-decorative wood veneer layer, placing a second layer aluminum foil backing on the thin film of adhesive and pressing the resulting lay up according to the process set forth in step (b) of claim 5 .
7. The method of claim 5 further comprising the step(s) of:
adding a thin film of adhesive to the exposed surface of the non-decorative wood veneer layer, placing a second layer aluminum foil backing on the thin film of adhesive, pressing the resulting lay up according to the process set forth in step (b) of claim 5 , and covering the second layer of aluminum foil with a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein;
the layer of aluminum foil is fashioned from aluminum that has been heat treated to increase its yield strength.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein;
the layer of aluminum foil has a thickness between 0.002 inches and 0.006 inches.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein;
the exposed surface of the non-decorative veneer is covered with a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive.
11-16. (canceled)
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