US20120047834A1 - Cold formed stud - Google Patents
Cold formed stud Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120047834A1 US20120047834A1 US12/947,020 US94702010A US2012047834A1 US 20120047834 A1 US20120047834 A1 US 20120047834A1 US 94702010 A US94702010 A US 94702010A US 2012047834 A1 US2012047834 A1 US 2012047834A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cold formed
- web
- stud
- channel
- vertically extending
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009436 residential construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D47/00—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures
- B21D47/01—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures beams or pillars
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
- E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
- E04B5/29—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated the prefabricated parts of the beams consisting wholly of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
- E04C3/09—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
- E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
- E04C2003/0417—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts demountable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
- E04C2003/0434—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/0452—H- or I-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/0473—U- or C-shaped
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cold formed metal studs for composite and non-composite applications in residential and commercial construction projects.
- Studs are commonly used in the construction industry to provide a support for a wall surface and further support a roof, a floor or the like. Studs can be comprised of a variety of materials including wood and metal. Metal studs are commonly used in a variety of construction styles as they can be manufactured economically and are light, strong and durable.
- Metal studs are commonly fashioned from a piece of sheet metal that is cold formed to desired specifications.
- Cold forming involves working a material below its recrystallization temperature. Generally, cold forming occurs at the ambient temperature of the work environment. The resultant cold formed material is stronger due to manipulations that have been made to the crystal structure of the material.
- Cold forming is an economical manufacturing process as it does not require the significant energy input required to raise the material above its recrystallization temperature. Cold forming has the further advantage of providing steel structural components that have increased yield capacity in comparison to steel structural components that have not been cold formed.
- Pre-fabricated metal studs are well-known in the construction industry. However, there is a distinct lack of metal studs that have been specifically designed for use with both composite and non-composite applications.
- the present invention provides a cold formed stud for use in composite and non-composite applications.
- the present invention provides a cold formed metal stud having a vertically extending web, the web having a first longitudinal edge and a second longitudinal edge, a first flange portion vertically extending along the first longitudinal edge, the first flange portion having a vertically extending channel and a second flange portion vertically extending along the second longitudinal edge.
- the present invention provides a double stud arrangement wherein two studs are aligned back-to-back in order to provide a stud that is particularly resistant to buckling and twisting.
- the present invention also provides a method of forming a composite panel assembly consisting of the steps of pouring a concrete panel and embedding a first flange portion of a cold formed metal stud in the concrete panel, the first flange portion located along a first longitudinal edge of a vertically extending web of the cold formed metal stud such that when the concrete panel solidifies the cold formed metal stud and the concrete panel form a composite panel assembly.
- the present invention provides a cold formed stud that can be employed as a ceiling joist.
- the cold formed joist of the present invention can be embedded in a composite ceiling or floor panel.
- FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of a cold formed metal stud in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a front perspective view the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is an end elevational view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is a rear side elevational view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 6 is an opposite end elevational view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of a cold formed metal stud in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a rear perspective view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 7 ;
- FIG. 9 is an end elevational view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 7 ;
- FIG. 10 is a top plan view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 7 ;
- FIG. 11 is a front side elevational view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 7 ;
- FIG. 12 is an opposite end elevational view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 7 ;
- FIG. 13 is a partial perspective sectional view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 7 with modifications embedded in a concrete panel;
- FIG. 14 is a partial end view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 13 embedded in the concrete panel;
- FIG. 15 is a rear perspective view of a cold formed metal stud in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a front perspective view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 15 ;
- FIG. 17 is a rear perspective view of a cold formed metal stud in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a front perspective view of the cold formed metal stud of FIG. 17 ;
- FIG. 19 is a front perspective view of a double stud arrangement in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the double stud of FIG. 19 embedded in a concrete panel.
- the cold formed stud of the present invention is contemplated for use in composite and non-composite applications.
- the cold formed joist can be incorporated directly in a poured concrete wall slab in a manufacturing facility and delivered to the jobsite as a complete assembly for wall erection, among other applications.
- the composite arrangement provides an integral wall panel and stud assembly that displays excellent strength characteristics, vibration response and load capacity, without unduly stressing the poured concrete wall panel. It is also contemplated that in certain applications, the integral wall panel and stud assembly may be assembled at the jobsite after the cold formed joist has been installed. Composite applications will be discussed in further detail below.
- the cold formed stud of the present invention is incorporated in a concrete wall slab as discussed above.
- the cold formed stud of present invention can be incorporated in wall slabs formed out of other materials, such as but not limited to fibreglass, polymer resin and other materials that “set” following an initially liquid state, as will be readily understood by the skilled person.
- the cold formed stud of the present invention may also be used as a ceiling joist in particular applications that will be readily recognized by the skilled person.
- the cold formed stud of the present application may be employed in applications wherein the ceiling joist is subjected to relatively lightweight loads.
- the cold formed stud may be embedded in a composite roof or floor panel in a manner that is analogous to the process described above relating to composite wall panels.
- FIGS. 1 to 20 illustrate a cold formed stud 10 in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.
- cold formed stud 10 consists of an intermediate web 20 located between a first flange 30 and a second flange 40 .
- cold formed stud 10 is formed from a single piece of sheet metal.
- the sheet metal may be formed by any process known in the art such as cold rolling and stamping, among other processes that will be readily apparent to the skilled person.
- Cold formed stud 10 can be formed of a variety of metals, such as but not limited to steel, stainless steel, galvanized steel and aluminum. Cold formed stud 10 may be formed in various lengths and widths.
- Stud 10 can extend upwardly from any foundation or floor structure, among other construction applications that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. Stud 10 can be attached to the foundational structure by any means that is suitable. Further, the stud can support a roof truss, floor joist or any other structure that will also be apparent to the skilled person. It can also support an exterior wall panel, interior wall panel, window frame, door frame or any other wall arrangement known in the construction industry.
- intermediate web 20 includes a number of web openings 22 located along the centre line of the intermediate web 20 .
- Web openings 22 can take a variety of shapes including triangular, square, oval, circular and other shapes that will be readily contemplated by the skilled person. It is important to note however that web openings 22 will provide further stiffness to intermediate web 20 and be less prone to fatigue failure if the corners of web openings 22 are formed with rounded corners rather than sharp corners, as can be seen in FIGS. 5 , 11 and 15 to 18 .
- web openings 22 can further include a stiffening rim 24 that extends around the perimeter of web openings 22 .
- Stiffening rim 24 is formed of material displaced from intermediate web 20 when web openings 22 are formed.
- Stiffening rim 24 can be formed with a semi-circular, arcuate, ovular, or square cross sectional profile among other cross-sectional profiles that will be readily apparent to the skilled person.
- Stiffening rim 24 may extend discontinuously around the perimeter of web opening 22 , however stiffening rim 24 will provide improved stiffness to intermediate web 20 and be less prone to fatigue failure if stiffening rim 24 extends continuously around the perimeter of web openings 22 , as can be seen in FIGS. 1 , 2 , 7 , 8 and 15 to 18 .
- intermediate web 20 can further include a series of longitudinally extending stiffening ribs 26 , as can be seen in FIGS. 7 , 8 , 11 , 17 and 18 .
- Longitudinally extending stiffening ribs 26 can extend along the intermediate web 22 in any pattern that will depend upon the arrangement of other features of the present invention. In at least one embodiment and as can be seen in FIGS.
- longitudinally extending ribs 26 extend in a zig-zag pattern along the upper and lower edges of intermediate web 20 such that longitudinally extending ribs 26 extend parallel in the areas between web openings 22 and the edges of intermediate web 20 and extend angularly toward the centreline of the intermediate web 20 in areas where there is no web opening. Additional stiffening ribs 26 can also be located in the ends of cold formed stud 10 as can be seen in FIGS. 7 , 8 , 11 , 16 and 18 .
- intermediate web 20 can further include a series of stiffening indentations 28 that can be located in any part of intermediate web 20 that can require additional stiffening, as can be seen in FIGS. 2 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 16 and 18 .
- stiffening indentations 28 are located in the area between the angled portions of longitudinally extending stiffening ribs 26 .
- Stiffening indentations 28 can be formed in any shape, including circular, square, rectangular or any other shape that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. As discussed above, stiffening indentations 28 can be formed with rounded edges to provide further resistance to fatigue failure.
- intermediate web 20 can further include a series of transverse stiffening ribs 29 that can that can be located in any part of intermediate web 20 that can require additional stiffening, as can be seen in FIGS. 17 and 18 .
- transverse stiffening ribs 29 are located between adjacent web openings 22 .
- Stiffening ribs 29 are analogous to stiffening indentations 28 in that they can be formed in any shape, including circular, square, rectangular or any other shape that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. As discussed above, stiffening ribs 29 can be formed with rounded edges to provide further resistance to fatigue failure.
- Web openings 22 , stiffening rim 24 , longitudinally extending stiffening ribs 26 , stiffening indentations 28 and transverse stiffening ribs 29 can be formed by any suitable manufacturing processes including stamping, milling and rolling, among other manufacturing processes that will be readily apparent to the skilled person.
- these additional features also serve to reduce the heat transfer characteristics of stud 10 . By this it is meant that these features reduce the rate at which the stud conducts heat for improved heating or cooling of a space at least partially enclosed by structures that incorporate studs 10 .
- first flange 30 is formed along one longitudinal edge of intermediate web 20 , as seen in FIGS. 1 , 2 , 7 , 8 , 16 and 18 .
- first flange 30 is oriented perpendicularly to intermediate web 20 , however it is contemplated that first flange 30 can be oriented at any angle in relation to intermediate web 20 depending on the needs of the application.
- first flange 30 can include an end flange 32 .
- End flange 32 can be oriented perpendicularly to first flange 30 however it is contemplated that end flange 32 can be oriented at any angle in relation to first flange 30 as required by the application.
- first flange 30 can include a longitudinally extending channel 34 that is located along the centre line of first flange 30 .
- channel 32 has channel walls that are orthogonal to the channel floor when viewed in cross section, however channel 34 can take any cross-sectional shape as required by the application, such as triangularly shaped, U-shaped or dovetail shaped as will be appreciated by the skilled person.
- Longitudinally extending channel 34 provides stiffness to first flange 30 and also provides a cavity wherein concrete, polymer resin or fibreglass can be poured thereinto such that first flange 30 can be securely embedded in a concrete panel when cold formed stud 10 is employed in composite applications, as will be discussed in further detail below.
- First flange 30 , end flange 32 and channel 34 can be formed by any suitable manufacturing process that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. Further, first flange 30 , end flange 32 and channel 34 can be formed with any type of bend that suits the application, however radial bends provide a cold formed stud that has the requisite stiffness and fatigue resistance.
- channel 34 can include a series of perforations 36 located on the channel floor. Perforations 36 can extend along the entire length of channel 34 or alternatively can be located on only a section of channel 34 . In at least one embodiment perforations 36 are ovoid or elliptically shaped, however it is contemplated that perforations 36 can take any shape that suits the intended application. Perforations 36 serve a number of purposes including providing a thermal break which facilitates heat dissipation from cold formed stud 10 . Further, in composite applications, perforations 36 allow first flange 30 to be integrally embedded in concrete by allowing liquid concrete, polymer resin or fibreglass to fill the entire volume of channel 34 without creating any air bubbles within channel 34 .
- channel 34 can include a series of indentations 38 located on the channel floor.
- Indentations 38 can extend along the entire length of channel 34 or alternatively can be located on only a section of channel 34 .
- perforations 36 are ovoid or elliptically shaped, however it is contemplated that perforations 36 can take any shape that suits the intended application.
- second flange 40 is analogous to first flange 30 and can incorporate some or all the features recited above in relation to first flange 30 .
- second flange 40 may include an end flange 42 , a channel 44 , perforations 46 and/or indentations 48 depending on the needs of the application.
- first flange 30 or second flange 40 can be adapted with any of the optional features identified above such that either flange can be securely embedded in a concrete panel 50 .
- These features include end flange 32 , channel 34 , perforations 36 and/or indentations 38 , all of which can be adapted or modified depending on the needs of the particular composite application.
- cold formed stud 10 can designed with a second flange 40 having an end flange 42 that is oriented at an obtuse angle to second flange 40 .
- second flange 40 can be designed with a channel 44 that has a slightly dove shaped profile for an improved “lock” with the concrete to prevent lateral separation, channel 44 having a series of perforations 46 located along the floor of channel 44 .
- Perforations 46 can take any shape and can be formed by any suitable manufacturing process. Perforations 46 can be as numerous as required by the application.
- intermediate web 20 can have stiffening rib 26 which can also be partially embedded in concrete panel 50 . In this way, cold formed stud 10 is securely embedded in concrete panel as concrete flows through perforations 46 and completely fills channel 44 without trapping any air bubbles, resulting in a composite stud/panel assembly that has improved structural characteristics over existing composite designs.
- cold formed stud 10 (which can include the optional features recited above such as web openings 22 , stiffening rim 24 , longitudinally extending stiffening ribs 26 , stiffening indentations 28 , transverse stiffening ribs 29 , end flange 32 , channel 34 , perforations 36 and/or indentations 38 ) can be specifically designed such that the cross sectional area is constant at all locations along cold formed stud 10 .
- cold formed stud 10 can be designed such that the cross sectional area of the stud at section A-A, B-B and C-C is approximately equivalent.
- the cross-sectional area of cold formed stud 10 is constant at any point along the length of the stud, it will be understood that related structural properties, such as the moment of inertia and the section modulus of the stud will also be constant at any point along the length of the stud. This results in a structural element that is stronger, stiffer and more resistant to compressive and torsional forces, as will be readily understood by the skilled person in the art.
- Double stud 100 includes a first cold formed stud 102 and a second cold formed stud 104 that are analogous to cold formed stud 10 and can include any of the features identified above with respect to a single cold formed stud.
- First cold formed stud 102 and second cold formed stud 104 are arranged such that the intermediate webs of each stud abut one another.
- the two cold formed studs are symmetrical and aligned such that the web openings on first cold formed stud 102 align with the web openings of second cold formed stud 104 , as seen in FIG. 19 .
- each of first cold formed stud 102 and second cold formed stud 104 can have a plurality of vertical stiffening ribs 106 .
- Stiffening ribs 106 are analogous to longitudinally extending stiffening ribs 26 with the exception that stiffening ribs are orthogonally oriented in relation to the longitudinal axis of the stud to provide torsional stiffness to the resultant double stud 100 .
- the two studs are connected by way of a bolt 108 , however other fasteners are also contemplated such as welds, rivets, and sheet metal screws among other fasteners that will be readily apparent to the skilled person.
- double stud 100 may also be used as a ceiling joist in particular applications that will be readily recognized by the skilled person. In these applications, double stud 100 may be embedded in a composite roof or floor panel in a manner that is analogous to the process described above relating to composite wall panels.
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
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Abstract
A cold formed metal stud is provided for commercial and residential construction applications. The metal stud of the present invention is suitable for use in both composite and non-composite applications. The metal stud of the present invention includes an intermediate web, a first flange and a second flange. The first flange has a longitudinally extending channel. Each of the intermediate web, first flange and second flange may include a number of different design features that can increase the structural and heat transfer characteristics of the metal stud.
Description
- This is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 12/868,806 filed on Aug. 26, 2010.
- The present invention relates to cold formed metal studs for composite and non-composite applications in residential and commercial construction projects.
- Studs are commonly used in the construction industry to provide a support for a wall surface and further support a roof, a floor or the like. Studs can be comprised of a variety of materials including wood and metal. Metal studs are commonly used in a variety of construction styles as they can be manufactured economically and are light, strong and durable.
- Metal studs are commonly fashioned from a piece of sheet metal that is cold formed to desired specifications. Cold forming involves working a material below its recrystallization temperature. Generally, cold forming occurs at the ambient temperature of the work environment. The resultant cold formed material is stronger due to manipulations that have been made to the crystal structure of the material. Cold forming is an economical manufacturing process as it does not require the significant energy input required to raise the material above its recrystallization temperature. Cold forming has the further advantage of providing steel structural components that have increased yield capacity in comparison to steel structural components that have not been cold formed.
- Pre-fabricated metal studs are well-known in the construction industry. However, there is a distinct lack of metal studs that have been specifically designed for use with both composite and non-composite applications.
- Therefore, there is need for a prefabricated metal stud for use in composite and non-composite applications that is light, strong, durable and economically manufactured and can be readily modified depending on the needs of various applications.
- The present invention provides a cold formed stud for use in composite and non-composite applications.
- In at least one embodiment, the present invention provides a cold formed metal stud having a vertically extending web, the web having a first longitudinal edge and a second longitudinal edge, a first flange portion vertically extending along the first longitudinal edge, the first flange portion having a vertically extending channel and a second flange portion vertically extending along the second longitudinal edge.
- In at least one embodiment, the present invention provides a double stud arrangement wherein two studs are aligned back-to-back in order to provide a stud that is particularly resistant to buckling and twisting.
- The present invention also provides a method of forming a composite panel assembly consisting of the steps of pouring a concrete panel and embedding a first flange portion of a cold formed metal stud in the concrete panel, the first flange portion located along a first longitudinal edge of a vertically extending web of the cold formed metal stud such that when the concrete panel solidifies the cold formed metal stud and the concrete panel form a composite panel assembly.
- In at least one embodiment, the present invention provides a cold formed stud that can be employed as a ceiling joist. In such applications, the cold formed joist of the present invention can be embedded in a composite ceiling or floor panel.
- Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in greater detail and will be better understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of a cold formed metal stud in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a front perspective view the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is an end elevational view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is a rear side elevational view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 6 is an opposite end elevational view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of a cold formed metal stud in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a rear perspective view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 7 ; -
FIG. 9 is an end elevational view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 7 ; -
FIG. 10 is a top plan view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 7 ; -
FIG. 11 is a front side elevational view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 7 ; -
FIG. 12 is an opposite end elevational view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 7 ; -
FIG. 13 is a partial perspective sectional view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 7 with modifications embedded in a concrete panel; -
FIG. 14 is a partial end view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 13 embedded in the concrete panel; -
FIG. 15 is a rear perspective view of a cold formed metal stud in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 16 is a front perspective view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 15 ; -
FIG. 17 is a rear perspective view of a cold formed metal stud in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 18 is a front perspective view of the cold formed metal stud ofFIG. 17 ; -
FIG. 19 is a front perspective view of a double stud arrangement in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the double stud ofFIG. 19 embedded in a concrete panel. - The cold formed stud of the present invention is contemplated for use in composite and non-composite applications. In composite applications, the cold formed joist can be incorporated directly in a poured concrete wall slab in a manufacturing facility and delivered to the jobsite as a complete assembly for wall erection, among other applications. The composite arrangement provides an integral wall panel and stud assembly that displays excellent strength characteristics, vibration response and load capacity, without unduly stressing the poured concrete wall panel. It is also contemplated that in certain applications, the integral wall panel and stud assembly may be assembled at the jobsite after the cold formed joist has been installed. Composite applications will be discussed in further detail below.
- In at least one embodiment, the cold formed stud of the present invention is incorporated in a concrete wall slab as discussed above. However, it is further contemplated that the cold formed stud of present invention can be incorporated in wall slabs formed out of other materials, such as but not limited to fibreglass, polymer resin and other materials that “set” following an initially liquid state, as will be readily understood by the skilled person.
- It is contemplated that the cold formed stud of the present invention may also be used as a ceiling joist in particular applications that will be readily recognized by the skilled person. Particularly, the cold formed stud of the present application may be employed in applications wherein the ceiling joist is subjected to relatively lightweight loads. In these applications, the cold formed stud may be embedded in a composite roof or floor panel in a manner that is analogous to the process described above relating to composite wall panels.
-
FIGS. 1 to 20 illustrate a cold formedstud 10 in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. In these figures, like numerals have been used to denote like elements. Referring initially toFIGS. 1 and 2 and 7 and 8, cold formedstud 10 consists of anintermediate web 20 located between afirst flange 30 and asecond flange 40. Preferably, cold formedstud 10 is formed from a single piece of sheet metal. The sheet metal may be formed by any process known in the art such as cold rolling and stamping, among other processes that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. - The size and thickness of the piece of sheet metal used in manufacturing cold formed
stud 10 must be sufficient such that the resulting element has the physical properties required for the intended application, the selection of which will be readily apparent to the skilled person in the art. Cold formedstud 10 can be formed of a variety of metals, such as but not limited to steel, stainless steel, galvanized steel and aluminum. Cold formedstud 10 may be formed in various lengths and widths. -
Stud 10 can extend upwardly from any foundation or floor structure, among other construction applications that will be readily apparent to the skilled person.Stud 10 can be attached to the foundational structure by any means that is suitable. Further, the stud can support a roof truss, floor joist or any other structure that will also be apparent to the skilled person. It can also support an exterior wall panel, interior wall panel, window frame, door frame or any other wall arrangement known in the construction industry. - In at least one embodiment,
intermediate web 20 includes a number ofweb openings 22 located along the centre line of theintermediate web 20.Web openings 22 can take a variety of shapes including triangular, square, oval, circular and other shapes that will be readily contemplated by the skilled person. It is important to note however thatweb openings 22 will provide further stiffness tointermediate web 20 and be less prone to fatigue failure if the corners ofweb openings 22 are formed with rounded corners rather than sharp corners, as can be seen inFIGS. 5 , 11 and 15 to 18. - In at least one embodiment,
web openings 22 can further include a stiffeningrim 24 that extends around the perimeter ofweb openings 22. Stiffeningrim 24 is formed of material displaced fromintermediate web 20 whenweb openings 22 are formed. Stiffeningrim 24 can be formed with a semi-circular, arcuate, ovular, or square cross sectional profile among other cross-sectional profiles that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. Stiffeningrim 24 may extend discontinuously around the perimeter ofweb opening 22, however stiffeningrim 24 will provide improved stiffness tointermediate web 20 and be less prone to fatigue failure if stiffeningrim 24 extends continuously around the perimeter ofweb openings 22, as can be seen inFIGS. 1 , 2, 7, 8 and 15 to 18. - In at least one embodiment,
intermediate web 20 can further include a series of longitudinally extending stiffeningribs 26, as can be seen inFIGS. 7 , 8, 11, 17 and 18. Longitudinally extending stiffeningribs 26 can extend along theintermediate web 22 in any pattern that will depend upon the arrangement of other features of the present invention. In at least one embodiment and as can be seen inFIGS. 7 , 8, 11, 17 and 18, longitudinally extendingribs 26 extend in a zig-zag pattern along the upper and lower edges ofintermediate web 20 such that longitudinally extendingribs 26 extend parallel in the areas betweenweb openings 22 and the edges ofintermediate web 20 and extend angularly toward the centreline of theintermediate web 20 in areas where there is no web opening.Additional stiffening ribs 26 can also be located in the ends of cold formedstud 10 as can be seen inFIGS. 7 , 8, 11, 16 and 18. - In at least one embodiment,
intermediate web 20 can further include a series of stiffeningindentations 28 that can be located in any part ofintermediate web 20 that can require additional stiffening, as can be seen inFIGS. 2 , 5, 7, 8, 16 and 18. In at least one embodiment, stiffeningindentations 28 are located in the area between the angled portions of longitudinally extending stiffeningribs 26. Stiffeningindentations 28 can be formed in any shape, including circular, square, rectangular or any other shape that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. As discussed above, stiffeningindentations 28 can be formed with rounded edges to provide further resistance to fatigue failure. - In at least one embodiment,
intermediate web 20 can further include a series oftransverse stiffening ribs 29 that can that can be located in any part ofintermediate web 20 that can require additional stiffening, as can be seen inFIGS. 17 and 18 . In at least one embodiment,transverse stiffening ribs 29 are located betweenadjacent web openings 22. Stiffeningribs 29 are analogous to stiffeningindentations 28 in that they can be formed in any shape, including circular, square, rectangular or any other shape that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. As discussed above, stiffeningribs 29 can be formed with rounded edges to provide further resistance to fatigue failure. -
Web openings 22, stiffeningrim 24, longitudinally extending stiffeningribs 26, stiffeningindentations 28 andtransverse stiffening ribs 29 can be formed by any suitable manufacturing processes including stamping, milling and rolling, among other manufacturing processes that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. In addition to providing stiffness tostud 10, these additional features also serve to reduce the heat transfer characteristics ofstud 10. By this it is meant that these features reduce the rate at which the stud conducts heat for improved heating or cooling of a space at least partially enclosed by structures that incorporatestuds 10. - As discussed above,
first flange 30 is formed along one longitudinal edge ofintermediate web 20, as seen inFIGS. 1 , 2, 7, 8, 16 and 18. In at least one embodiment,first flange 30 is oriented perpendicularly tointermediate web 20, however it is contemplated thatfirst flange 30 can be oriented at any angle in relation tointermediate web 20 depending on the needs of the application. - With reference to
FIGS. 1 , 2, 7, 8, 13 and 15 to 18,first flange 30 can include anend flange 32.End flange 32 can be oriented perpendicularly tofirst flange 30 however it is contemplated thatend flange 32 can be oriented at any angle in relation tofirst flange 30 as required by the application. - As can be seen in
FIGS. 1 to 4 , 6, 7 to 10, 12 and 15 to 18,first flange 30 can include alongitudinally extending channel 34 that is located along the centre line offirst flange 30. As can be seen inFIGS. 3 , 6, 9 and 12, it is contemplated thatchannel 32 has channel walls that are orthogonal to the channel floor when viewed in cross section, howeverchannel 34 can take any cross-sectional shape as required by the application, such as triangularly shaped, U-shaped or dovetail shaped as will be appreciated by the skilled person.Longitudinally extending channel 34 provides stiffness tofirst flange 30 and also provides a cavity wherein concrete, polymer resin or fibreglass can be poured thereinto such thatfirst flange 30 can be securely embedded in a concrete panel when cold formedstud 10 is employed in composite applications, as will be discussed in further detail below. -
First flange 30,end flange 32 andchannel 34 can be formed by any suitable manufacturing process that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. Further,first flange 30,end flange 32 andchannel 34 can be formed with any type of bend that suits the application, however radial bends provide a cold formed stud that has the requisite stiffness and fatigue resistance. - In at least one embodiment and as can be seen in
FIG. 10 for example,channel 34 can include a series ofperforations 36 located on the channel floor.Perforations 36 can extend along the entire length ofchannel 34 or alternatively can be located on only a section ofchannel 34. In at least oneembodiment perforations 36 are ovoid or elliptically shaped, however it is contemplated thatperforations 36 can take any shape that suits the intended application.Perforations 36 serve a number of purposes including providing a thermal break which facilitates heat dissipation from cold formedstud 10. Further, in composite applications,perforations 36 allowfirst flange 30 to be integrally embedded in concrete by allowing liquid concrete, polymer resin or fibreglass to fill the entire volume ofchannel 34 without creating any air bubbles withinchannel 34. - In at least one embodiment and as can be seen in
FIGS. 4 , 16 and 18,channel 34 can include a series ofindentations 38 located on the channel floor.Indentations 38 can extend along the entire length ofchannel 34 or alternatively can be located on only a section ofchannel 34. In at least oneembodiment perforations 36 are ovoid or elliptically shaped, however it is contemplated thatperforations 36 can take any shape that suits the intended application. - As can be seen in
FIGS. 1 , 2, 7, 8, 15 and 17second flange 40 is analogous tofirst flange 30 and can incorporate some or all the features recited above in relation tofirst flange 30. In this way,second flange 40 may include anend flange 42, achannel 44,perforations 46 and/orindentations 48 depending on the needs of the application. - As can be seen in
FIGS. 13 and 14 , the present invention may be utilized in composite applications to produce a composite stud/panel assembly wherein the stud component is lighter and stiffer in comparison to similar non-composite stud arrangements. As will be appreciated, in these views, only one of the stud'sflanges web 20. The remainder of thestud 10 is not shown for clarity. As discussed above, either one or both offirst flange 30 orsecond flange 40 can be adapted with any of the optional features identified above such that either flange can be securely embedded in aconcrete panel 50. These features includeend flange 32,channel 34,perforations 36 and/orindentations 38, all of which can be adapted or modified depending on the needs of the particular composite application. - For example and as can be seen in
FIGS. 13 and 14 , cold formedstud 10 can designed with asecond flange 40 having anend flange 42 that is oriented at an obtuse angle tosecond flange 40. Further,second flange 40 can be designed with achannel 44 that has a slightly dove shaped profile for an improved “lock” with the concrete to prevent lateral separation,channel 44 having a series ofperforations 46 located along the floor ofchannel 44.Perforations 46 can take any shape and can be formed by any suitable manufacturing process.Perforations 46 can be as numerous as required by the application. As also discussed above,intermediate web 20 can have stiffeningrib 26 which can also be partially embedded inconcrete panel 50. In this way, cold formedstud 10 is securely embedded in concrete panel as concrete flows throughperforations 46 and completely fillschannel 44 without trapping any air bubbles, resulting in a composite stud/panel assembly that has improved structural characteristics over existing composite designs. - In at least one embodiment, cold formed stud 10 (which can include the optional features recited above such as
web openings 22, stiffeningrim 24, longitudinally extending stiffeningribs 26, stiffeningindentations 28,transverse stiffening ribs 29,end flange 32,channel 34,perforations 36 and/or indentations 38) can be specifically designed such that the cross sectional area is constant at all locations along cold formedstud 10. - With reference to
FIGS. 5 and 11 , cold formedstud 10 can be designed such that the cross sectional area of the stud at section A-A, B-B and C-C is approximately equivalent. In embodiments where the cross-sectional area of cold formedstud 10 is constant at any point along the length of the stud, it will be understood that related structural properties, such as the moment of inertia and the section modulus of the stud will also be constant at any point along the length of the stud. This results in a structural element that is stronger, stiffer and more resistant to compressive and torsional forces, as will be readily understood by the skilled person in the art. - With reference to
FIGS. 19 and 20 , in at least one embodiment a double stud arrangement is contemplated that is well suited to applications where the stud is subjected to particularly high loads.Double stud 100 includes a first cold formedstud 102 and a second cold formedstud 104 that are analogous to cold formedstud 10 and can include any of the features identified above with respect to a single cold formed stud. First cold formedstud 102 and second cold formedstud 104 are arranged such that the intermediate webs of each stud abut one another. In at least one embodiment, the two cold formed studs are symmetrical and aligned such that the web openings on first cold formedstud 102 align with the web openings of second cold formedstud 104, as seen inFIG. 19 . - In at least one embodiment and as can be seen in
FIG. 19 , it is contemplated that each of first cold formedstud 102 and second cold formedstud 104 can have a plurality ofvertical stiffening ribs 106. Stiffeningribs 106 are analogous to longitudinally extending stiffeningribs 26 with the exception that stiffening ribs are orthogonally oriented in relation to the longitudinal axis of the stud to provide torsional stiffness to the resultantdouble stud 100. - In at least one embodiment the two studs are connected by way of a
bolt 108, however other fasteners are also contemplated such as welds, rivets, and sheet metal screws among other fasteners that will be readily apparent to the skilled person. - It is contemplated that
double stud 100 may also be used as a ceiling joist in particular applications that will be readily recognized by the skilled person. In these applications,double stud 100 may be embedded in a composite roof or floor panel in a manner that is analogous to the process described above relating to composite wall panels. - The above-described embodiments of the present invention are meant to be illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications, which would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. The only limitations to the scope of the present invention are set out in the following appended claims.
Claims (40)
1. A cold formed metal stud, the stud comprising:
a vertically extending web, said web having a first longitudinal edge and a second longitudinal edge;
a first flange portion vertically extending along said first longitudinal edge, said first flange portion having a vertically extending channel; and,
a second flange portion vertically extending along said second longitudinal edge.
2. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said channel having at least one channel perforation.
3. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said channel having at least one channel indentation.
4. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said channel having a dovetail shaped cross-sectional profile.
5. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , wherein said first flange portion is embedded in a poured concrete panel.
6. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , wherein said second flange portion is embedded in a poured concrete panel.
7. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said web further comprising at least one web opening located along the centerline of said web.
8. The cold formed metal stud of claim 7 , said at least one web opening being elliptically shaped.
9. The cold formed metal stud of claim 7 , said at least one web opening having a stiffening rim extending around the perimeter thereof.
10. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said web further comprising at least one longitudinally extending stiffening rib.
11. The cold formed metal stud of claim 10 , said stiffening rib being shaped in a zig-zag pattern.
12. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said web further comprising at least one indentation.
13. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said web further comprising at least one vertical stiffening rib.
14. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said first flange further comprising an end flange.
15. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said first flange forming an obtuse angle with said web.
16. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said first flange forming an acute angle with said web.
17. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said second flange forming an obtuse angle with said web.
18. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said second flange forming an acute angle with said web.
19. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said second flange further comprising a vertically extending second channel.
20. The cold formed metal stud of claim 19 , said second channel having a dovetail shaped cross-sectional profile.
21. The cold formed metal stud of claim 19 , said second channel having a plurality of channel perforations.
22. The cold formed metal stud of claim 19 , said second channel having a plurality of channel indentations.
23. The cold formed metal stud of claim 1 , said second flange further comprising an end flange.
24. A method of forming a composite panel assembly, the method comprising the steps of:
pouring a concrete panel; and,
embedding a first flange portion of a cold formed metal stud in said concrete panel, said first flange portion located along a first longitudinal edge of a vertically extending web of said cold formed metal stud
wherein when said concrete panel solidifies said cold formed metal stud and said concrete panel form a composite panel assembly.
25. A method of manufacturing a cold formed metal stud, the method comprising the steps of:
forming a first flange portion along a first longitudinal edge of a vertically extending web;
forming a second flange portion along a second longitudinal edge of said vertically extending web; and
forming a vertically extending channel along said first flange portion.
26. The method of claim 25 , the method further comprising the step of:
forming at least one channel perforation in said vertically extending channel.
27. The method of claim 25 , the method further comprising the step of:
forming at least one channel indentation in said vertically extending channel.
28. The method of claim 25 , the method further comprising the step of:
forming at least one web opening along the centerline of said web.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein said at least one web opening is elliptically shaped.
30. The method of claim 28 , the method further comprising the step of:
forming a stiffening rim around the perimeter of said at least one web opening.
31. The method of claim 25 , the method further comprising the step of:
forming at least one longitudinally extending stiffening rib in said web.
32. The method of claim 25 , the method further comprising the step of:
forming at least one indentation in said web.
33. The method of claim 25 the method further comprising the step of:
forming an end flange in said first flange portion.
34. The method of claim 25 the method further comprising the step of:
forming a vertically extending second channel in said second flange portion.
35. The method of claim 34 , the method further comprising the step of:
forming at least one channel perforation in said vertically extending second channel.
36. The method of claim 34 , the method further comprising the step of:
forming at least one channel indentation in said vertically extending second channel.
37. The method of claim 25 , further comprising the step of:
forming an end flange in said second flange portion.
38. The cold formed stud of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second cold formed stud having:
a vertically extending web, said web having a first longitudinal edge and a second longitudinal edge;
a first flange portion vertically extending along said first longitudinal edge, said first flange portion having a vertically extending channel; and
a second flange portion vertically extending along said second longitudinal edge
wherein said vertically extending web of said cold formed stud abuts said vertically extending web of said second cold formed stud.
39. The cold formed stud of claim 38 wherein at least one of said vertically extending web of said cold formed stud and said vertically extending web of said second cold formed stud further comprises a plurality of vertical stiffening ribs.
40. The cold formed stud of claim 38 wherein said vertically extending web of said cold formed stud is connected to said vertically extending web of said second cold formed stud by way of a fastener.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/947,020 US20120047834A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2010-11-16 | Cold formed stud |
CA2811981A CA2811981C (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-08-03 | Cold formed stud |
MX2013002241A MX2013002241A (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-08-03 | Cold formed stud. |
EP11819222.8A EP2609259B1 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-08-03 | Cold formed stud |
PCT/CA2011/000884 WO2012024768A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-08-03 | Cold formed stud |
ARP110103032A AR082504A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-08-19 | COLD CONFORMED METAL ASSEMBLY, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH ASSEMBLY AND METHOD FOR FORMING A COMPOSITE PANEL ASSEMBLY |
TW100129935A TW201211358A (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-08-22 | Cold formed stud |
US13/774,620 US8863477B2 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2013-02-22 | Cold formed stud and method of use |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US86880610A | 2010-08-26 | 2010-08-26 | |
US12/947,020 US20120047834A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2010-11-16 | Cold formed stud |
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US86880610A Continuation-In-Part | 2010-08-26 | 2010-08-26 |
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US13/774,620 Continuation-In-Part US8863477B2 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2013-02-22 | Cold formed stud and method of use |
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US20120047834A1 true US20120047834A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
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US12/947,020 Abandoned US20120047834A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2010-11-16 | Cold formed stud |
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US (1) | US20120047834A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2609259B1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR082504A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2811981C (en) |
MX (1) | MX2013002241A (en) |
TW (1) | TW201211358A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012024768A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
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FR2996868A1 (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2014-04-18 | Bacacier Profilage | Metal upright for assembling e.g. oblique ceiling wall, of building, has through opening surrounded by flange element that includes inner face comprising cylindrical surface for sliding electric sheath by through opening of elongated core |
US9458618B1 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-04 | Wade A. Woznuk | Prefabricated wall module and method of building a foundation wall |
US20180155920A1 (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2018-06-07 | Uab Aldrea | Beam component for use in technical construction, construction kit and method of connecting beam components |
US10273688B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2019-04-30 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US10934714B1 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2021-03-02 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US10988931B1 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2021-04-27 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US11199007B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2021-12-14 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US11371245B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2022-06-28 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US20230036567A1 (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2023-02-02 | Roof Hugger, Llc | Reinforced notched sub-purlin |
US11982087B2 (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2024-05-14 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
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US9708816B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2017-07-18 | Sacks Industrial Corporation | Stucco lath and method of manufacture |
US9752323B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2017-09-05 | Sacks Industrial Corporation | Light-weight metal stud and method of manufacture |
US9797142B1 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2017-10-24 | Sacks Industrial Corporation | Lath device, assembly and method |
CN111566292B (en) | 2017-08-14 | 2022-05-17 | 斯特克特电线有限公司 | Metal keel of different length |
US11351593B2 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2022-06-07 | Structa Wire Ulc | Expanded metal formed using rotary blades and rotary blades to form such |
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- 2011-08-03 CA CA2811981A patent/CA2811981C/en active Active
- 2011-08-03 WO PCT/CA2011/000884 patent/WO2012024768A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-08-03 EP EP11819222.8A patent/EP2609259B1/en active Active
- 2011-08-03 MX MX2013002241A patent/MX2013002241A/en unknown
- 2011-08-19 AR ARP110103032A patent/AR082504A1/en unknown
- 2011-08-22 TW TW100129935A patent/TW201211358A/en unknown
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US5590504A (en) * | 1991-11-12 | 1997-01-07 | Signfix Limited | Mounting devices |
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2996868A1 (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2014-04-18 | Bacacier Profilage | Metal upright for assembling e.g. oblique ceiling wall, of building, has through opening surrounded by flange element that includes inner face comprising cylindrical surface for sliding electric sheath by through opening of elongated core |
US10934714B1 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2021-03-02 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US10273688B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2019-04-30 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US10711460B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2020-07-14 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US10988931B1 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2021-04-27 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US11199007B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2021-12-14 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US11371245B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2022-06-28 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US9458618B1 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-04 | Wade A. Woznuk | Prefabricated wall module and method of building a foundation wall |
US20180155920A1 (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2018-06-07 | Uab Aldrea | Beam component for use in technical construction, construction kit and method of connecting beam components |
US10577787B2 (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2020-03-03 | Uab Aldrea | Beam component for use in technical construction, construction kit and method of connecting beam components |
US11982087B2 (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2024-05-14 | Mbrico, Llc | Tile and support structure |
US20230036567A1 (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2023-02-02 | Roof Hugger, Llc | Reinforced notched sub-purlin |
US11761212B2 (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2023-09-19 | Roof Hugger, Llc | Reinforced notched sub-purlin |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2811981A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
TW201211358A (en) | 2012-03-16 |
AR082504A1 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
MX2013002241A (en) | 2013-07-03 |
EP2609259B1 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
EP2609259A1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
EP2609259A4 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
CA2811981C (en) | 2015-11-17 |
WO2012024768A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
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