US20120010279A1 - Composition comprising (-)-delta9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol - Google Patents
Composition comprising (-)-delta9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol Download PDFInfo
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- US20120010279A1 US20120010279A1 US13/237,388 US201113237388A US2012010279A1 US 20120010279 A1 US20120010279 A1 US 20120010279A1 US 201113237388 A US201113237388 A US 201113237388A US 2012010279 A1 US2012010279 A1 US 2012010279A1
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- 0 CC(C)(C1[C@]2C=C(C)CC1)Oc1c2c(O)cc(*)c1 Chemical compound CC(C)(C1[C@]2C=C(C)CC1)Oc1c2c(O)cc(*)c1 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
- A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/44—Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/14—Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/78—Ring systems having three or more relevant rings
- C07D311/80—Dibenzopyrans; Hydrogenated dibenzopyrans
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol or related compounds.
- the compound ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol is the active ingredient in marijuana. It is used therapeutically as an inhalant or an oral drug for stimulation of appetite among AIDS and cancer chemotherapy patients.
- Tetrahydrocannabinols can be isolated from marijuana (a mixture of leaves and flowering heads of the plant Cannabis Sativa ). Alternatively, THCs can be obtained by synthetic routes, e.g. as described in WO 02/096899.
- Dissolving the ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in a solvent or carrier improves the stability, but it is still usual to store the solutions under refrigerated conditions, e.g. at 5° C., to prevent degradation.
- the present inventors have sought to improve the stability of solutions of ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and ⁇ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol.
- the present invention provides a composition comprising:
- the FIGURE shows the chemical structures for alkyl substituted ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 8 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives and ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives.
- the inventors have found that the addition of the acid improves the stability of the composition, i.e. there is less degradation of the tetrahydrocannabinol compound during prolonged storage of the composition.
- the composition includes a solvent.
- the solvent may be chosen from oils and C 1 -C 4 alcohols. Suitable examples of oils include sesame oil, olive oil, canola oil and combinations thereof. Suitable examples of C 1 -C 4 alcohols include methanol, ethanol, propanol, iso-propanol and butanol.
- the solvent is sesame oil.
- the sesame oil may be refined or unrefined, but is preferably refined (the US Food and Drug Administration standards require that refined sesame oil is used in pharmaceutical products).
- the composition may further comprise other solvents, but preferably comprises only sesame oil as the solvent.
- the solvent is ethanol.
- the acid used in the composition may be an organic acid.
- the organic acid is suitably chosen from citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid, and is preferably citric acid.
- the acid used in the composition may be a mineral acid.
- the mineral acid is suitably chosen from phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid, and is preferably phosphoric acid.
- Weak acids have an especially positive stabilizing effect on ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and its derivatives, forming a stabilized composition. If the amount or concentration of strong acid is too large, the ⁇ 9 -isomer degrades to the ⁇ 8 -isomer.
- the acid may be added to the other constituents either as a separate component, or the acid may be formed in a solution of the other constituents.
- An example of the latter is the use of dissolved CO 2 in ethanol, which also stabilizes the ⁇ 9 -isomer, probably due to formation of carbonic acid.
- the amount of acid is suitably from 0.01-2% as a weight percentage of the composition, preferably from 0.02-1% and most preferably from 0.05-0.5%.
- the amount of ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in the composition is suitably from 0.1-15% as a weight percentage of the composition, preferably from 1 to 10%.
- the composition may further comprise antimicrobial agents such as methyl paraben or propyl paraben.
- the composition may further comprise preservatives such as alpha-tocopherol or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
- BHT butylated hydroxytoluene
- the composition may further comprise antioxidants. The antimicrobial agents, preservatives and antioxidants may be used alone or in combination.
- the composition of the invention consists essentially of ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol, sesame oil and 0.05-0.5 wt % citric acid or phosphoric acid, wherein additional components may comprise up to 1 wt % of the solution.
- compositions according to the invention may be prepared by adding the acid to a solution of a tetrahydrocannabinol compound in sesame oil or a C 1 -C 4 alcohol and mixing.
- Solutions of ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in sesame oil may be prepared by dissolving pure ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in sesame oil, or by mixing sesame oil with a solution of ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in ethanol, and then distilling off the ethanol.
- Sesame oil was degassed under vacuum distillation and blanketed with nitrogen.
- the sesame oil was refined sesame oil from Jeen International (Compositions 1-2, 7-17) or Dipasa (Compositions 3-6).
- a solution of ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in ethanol was added to the sesame oil and the acid was also added. The solution was mixed and the ethanol was removed using a rotary evaporator.
- compositions contained 6.65 wt % ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol based on the weight of the composition.
- additional components in each composition were as shown in Table 1 below:
- compositions 1-18 in Sesame Oil Solvent Acid Other components Composition 1 None None Composition 2 0.1 wt % citric acid None Composition 3 None None Composition 4 0.1 wt % citric acid None Composition 5 None Methyl paraben, Propyl paraben, Alpha tocopherol, BHT Composition 6 0.1 wt % citric acid Methyl paraben, Propyl paraben, Alpha tocopherol, BHT Composition 7 None None Composition 8 0.1 wt % ascorbic acid None Composition 9 0.1 wt % acetic acid None Composition 10 0.1 wt % citric acid None Composition 11 0.1 wt % lactic acid None Composition 12 0.1 wt % fumaric acid None Composition 13 0.1 wt % malic acid None Composition 14 0.1 wt % oxalic acid None Composition 15 0.1 wt % succinic acid None Composition 16 0.1 wt % sal
- Citric acid was added to 2 ml samples of a solution of ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in ethanol (the concentration of the ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol was 66.6 mg/ml). The solutions were mixed. The amount of citric acid in each solution is shown in Table 2 below:
- compositions 1-18 The stability of the sesame oil compositions (compositions 1-18) was assessed at three different conditions: 5° C. or Normal Storage (Refrigerated) Conditions; 25° C./60% Relative Humidity or Accelerated Conditions; and 40° C./75% Relative Humidity or High Temperature/High Humidity Conditions.
- the degradation of the ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol was monitored using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection at 228 nm. Each detected impurity peak was measured using percent peak area (% PA) with respect to the peak area counts for ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol for each chromatogram.
- HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Each impurity peak was identified with a relative retention time (RRT) relative to the ( ⁇ )- ⁇ 9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol peak elution time from each chromatogram. Impurity peaks measuring above 0.05% PA were recorded.
- Table 3 shows the results of the stability tests for compositions 1-18. The period of time after which the degradation of the composition was assessed is indicated beside each table.
- compositions 1, 3, 5 and 7 did not contain any organic acid, and the tables show that considerable degradation occurred during the observation period. By contrast, the degradation observed for compositions 2, 4 and 6 (which all contained 0.1 wt % citric acid) was considerably less. Compositions 5 and 6 both contained antimicrobial agents and preservatives, yet composition 6 (containing 0.1 wt % citric acid) was more stable than composition 5.
- Compositions 8-18 contained a variety of acids. Compositions 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 and 18 (containing 0.1 wt % ascorbic acid, 0.1 wt % citric acid, 0.1 wt % lactic acid, 0.1 wt % fumaric acid, 0.1 wt % malic acid, 0.1 wt % oxalic acid, 0.1 wt % succinic acid, 0.1 wt % tartaric acid and 0.1 wt % phosphoric acid respectively) all showed improved stability compared to composition 7 (containing no organic acid).
- compositions 9 and 16 (containing 0.1 wt % acetic acid and 0.1 wt % salicylic acid) did not show an appreciable improvement compared to composition 7 and it would seem that these acids are less effective at improving stability (although the inventors believe that these acid may provide an improvement if used at another concentration).
- compositions 19-24 The stability of the ethanol compositions (compositions 19-24) was assessed in substantially the same manner as for the sesame oil compositions except that they were only assessed at only one set of conditions (40° C.) and the compositions were analysed after 60 hours and 1 month.
- composition 19 the composition that did not contain citric acid (composition 19) showed the greatest degradation and there seems to be a slight correlation between increasing citric acid content and increased stability.
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Abstract
A composition comprising a tetrahydrocannabinol compound, a solvent and an acid, wherein the tetrahydrocannabinol compound may be Δ8 tetrahydrocannabinol, (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol or a side chain alkyl derivative of either compound, the solvent may be an oil or C1-C4 alcohol (e.g. sesame oil or ethanol), and the acid may be an organic acid or a mineral acid.
Description
- This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/595,682, filed Nov. 10, 2006, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- The present invention relates to a composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol or related compounds.
- The compound (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol is the active ingredient in marijuana. It is used therapeutically as an inhalant or an oral drug for stimulation of appetite among AIDS and cancer chemotherapy patients. Tetrahydrocannabinols (THCs) can be isolated from marijuana (a mixture of leaves and flowering heads of the plant Cannabis Sativa). Alternatively, THCs can be obtained by synthetic routes, e.g. as described in WO 02/096899.
- Pure (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol that has been produced synthetically and purified is unstable and is liable to degrade to products such as cannabinol (which is inactive) and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (which is less potent). Although Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol has similar activity to as (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol it is only approx. 75% as potent and also tends to degrade to other compounds including cannabinol. Dissolving the (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in a solvent or carrier improves the stability, but it is still usual to store the solutions under refrigerated conditions, e.g. at 5° C., to prevent degradation. The present inventors have sought to improve the stability of solutions of (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol.
- Accordingly, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
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- (a) a tetrahydrocannabinol compound chosen from Δ8 tetrahydrocannabinol, (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and side chain alkyl derivatives of either compound,
- (b) a solvent chosen from oils and C1-C4 alcohols, and
- (c) an acid.
- By side chain alkyl derivatives of either compound we mean compounds with the structure of either of the compounds depicted in the FIGURE, in which R represents an alkyl side chain. Of particular interest, are compounds in which R is 1,1 dimethylheptyl.
- The FIGURE shows the chemical structures for alkyl substituted (−)-Δ8-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives and (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives.
- The inventors have found that the addition of the acid improves the stability of the composition, i.e. there is less degradation of the tetrahydrocannabinol compound during prolonged storage of the composition.
- The composition includes a solvent. The solvent may be chosen from oils and C1-C4 alcohols. Suitable examples of oils include sesame oil, olive oil, canola oil and combinations thereof. Suitable examples of C1-C4 alcohols include methanol, ethanol, propanol, iso-propanol and butanol.
- According to one embodiment, the solvent is sesame oil. The sesame oil may be refined or unrefined, but is preferably refined (the US Food and Drug Administration standards require that refined sesame oil is used in pharmaceutical products). The composition may further comprise other solvents, but preferably comprises only sesame oil as the solvent. According to an alternative embodiment, the solvent is ethanol.
- The acid used in the composition may be an organic acid. When an organic acid is used, the organic acid is suitably chosen from citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid, and is preferably citric acid.
- The acid used in the composition may be a mineral acid. When a mineral acid is used, the mineral acid is suitably chosen from phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid, and is preferably phosphoric acid.
- Weak acids have an especially positive stabilizing effect on (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and its derivatives, forming a stabilized composition. If the amount or concentration of strong acid is too large, the Δ9-isomer degrades to the Δ8-isomer.
- The acid may be added to the other constituents either as a separate component, or the acid may be formed in a solution of the other constituents. An example of the latter is the use of dissolved CO2 in ethanol, which also stabilizes the Δ9-isomer, probably due to formation of carbonic acid.
- The amount of acid is suitably from 0.01-2% as a weight percentage of the composition, preferably from 0.02-1% and most preferably from 0.05-0.5%.
- The amount of (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in the composition is suitably from 0.1-15% as a weight percentage of the composition, preferably from 1 to 10%.
- The composition may further comprise antimicrobial agents such as methyl paraben or propyl paraben. The composition may further comprise preservatives such as alpha-tocopherol or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The composition may further comprise antioxidants. The antimicrobial agents, preservatives and antioxidants may be used alone or in combination.
- In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the invention consists essentially of a tetrahydrocannabinol compound, an oil or a C1-C4 alcohol, and 0.01-2 wt % of an acid chosen from the group consisting of citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid. Additional components (e.g. antimicrobial agents, preservatives, antioxidants) may comprise up to 1 wt % of the solution. In an especially preferred embodiment, the composition of the invention consists essentially of (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol, sesame oil and 0.05-0.5 wt % citric acid or phosphoric acid, wherein additional components may comprise up to 1 wt % of the solution.
- Compositions according to the invention may be prepared by adding the acid to a solution of a tetrahydrocannabinol compound in sesame oil or a C1-C4 alcohol and mixing. Solutions of (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in sesame oil may be prepared by dissolving pure (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in sesame oil, or by mixing sesame oil with a solution of (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in ethanol, and then distilling off the ethanol.
- The following examples are illustrative but not limiting of the invention.
- Sesame oil was degassed under vacuum distillation and blanketed with nitrogen. The sesame oil was refined sesame oil from Jeen International (Compositions 1-2, 7-17) or Dipasa (Compositions 3-6). A solution of (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in ethanol was added to the sesame oil and the acid was also added. The solution was mixed and the ethanol was removed using a rotary evaporator.
- Each composition contained 6.65 wt % (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol based on the weight of the composition. The additional components in each composition were as shown in Table 1 below:
-
TABLE 1 Compositions 1-18 in Sesame Oil Solvent Acid Other components Composition 1 None None Composition 2 0.1 wt % citric acid None Composition 3 None None Composition 4 0.1 wt % citric acid None Composition 5 None Methyl paraben, Propyl paraben, Alpha tocopherol, BHT Composition 6 0.1 wt % citric acid Methyl paraben, Propyl paraben, Alpha tocopherol, BHT Composition 7 None None Composition 8 0.1 wt % ascorbic acid None Composition 9 0.1 wt % acetic acid None Composition 10 0.1 wt % citric acid None Composition 11 0.1 wt % lactic acid None Composition 12 0.1 wt % fumaric acid None Composition 13 0.1 wt % malic acid None Composition 14 0.1 wt % oxalic acid None Composition 15 0.1 wt % succinic acid None Composition 16 0.1 wt % salicylic acid None Composition 17 0.1 wt % tartaric acid None Composition 18 0.1 wt % phosphoric acid None - Citric acid was added to 2 ml samples of a solution of (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in ethanol (the concentration of the (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol was 66.6 mg/ml). The solutions were mixed. The amount of citric acid in each solution is shown in Table 2 below:
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TABLE 2 Compositions 19-24 in Ethanol Solvent Weight % of citric acid compared to the weight Amount of citric acid (mg) of Δ9-THC Composition 19 0.00 0.0% Composition 20 2.51 1.9% Composition 21 2.01 1.5% Composition 22 0.50 0.4% Composition 23 0.25 0.2% Composition 24 0.13 0.09% - The stability of the sesame oil compositions (compositions 1-18) was assessed at three different conditions: 5° C. or Normal Storage (Refrigerated) Conditions; 25° C./60% Relative Humidity or Accelerated Conditions; and 40° C./75% Relative Humidity or High Temperature/High Humidity Conditions. The degradation of the (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol was monitored using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection at 228 nm. Each detected impurity peak was measured using percent peak area (% PA) with respect to the peak area counts for (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol for each chromatogram. Each impurity peak was identified with a relative retention time (RRT) relative to the (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol peak elution time from each chromatogram. Impurity peaks measuring above 0.05% PA were recorded.
- The impurities that are attributed to the degradation of (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol elute from the HPLC column at a RRT window of 0.56 to 0.95 and at a RRT of 1.06. The impurities cannabinol and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol elute from the column at RRTs of 0.95 and 1.06 respectively.
- Table 3 shows the results of the stability tests for compositions 1-18. The period of time after which the degradation of the composition was assessed is indicated beside each table.
-
TABLE 3 Stability tests for compositions 1-18 % Peak Areas according to Relative Retention Time (RRT) Condition 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.61 0.63 0.66 0.67 0.70 0.74 0.78 0.90 0.95 1.06 Composition 1, 1 month Initial 0.28 25° C./60% RH 4.13 4.45 0.96 3.11 10.2 2.35 0.22 0.36 1.46 4.06 5.33 40° C./75% RH 8.09 5.35 2.43 4.91 0.29 15.62 0.28 0.49 1.86 2.99 Composition 2, 3 months Initial 5° C. 0.08 0.05 0.05 25° C./60% RH 0.18 0.13 0.07 0.07 0.16 0.37 0.29 40° C./75% RH 1.96 0.22 0.91 0.17 0.45 0.36 0.3 0.05 1.25 4.16 2.17 Composition 3, 3 months Initial 0.12 5° C. 0.29 0.51 0.29 0.13 3.96 0.22 0.35 1.89 0.15 0.08 25° C./60% RH 0.85 0.74 1.97 1.23 0.72 6.13 1.81 0.06 0.23 2.55 0.44 2.03 0.64 40° C./75% RH 0.16 0.52 0.31 0.65 0.74 3.72 0.45 0.02 0.08 1.02 1.96 1.46 0.7 Composition 4, 3 months Initial 5° C. 0.05 25° C./60% RH 0.19 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.14 40° C./75% RH 1.96 0.15 0.53 0.29 0.30 0.17 1.11 2.62 0.41 Composition 5, 3 months Initial 1.54 5° C. 0.05 0.12 0.08 0.06 1.36 0.05 0.09 0.30 25° C./60% RH 0.40 0.65 0.2 0.13 0.41 0.50 0.37 0.14 0.92 0.12 0.27 0.48 1.00 40° C./75% RH 1.05 0.63 0.23 0.11 0.91 0.62 0.22 1.07 0.11 0.54 1.63 1.74 Composition 6, 3 months Initial 0.05 1.54 RF 5° C. 0.06 1.52 0.11 0.05 25° C./60% RH 0.09 0.06 0.07 1.52 0.53 0.3 40° C./75% RH 0.97 0.21 0.15 0.52 0.25 0.32 0.2 0.18 1.57 0.63 2.96 1.96 Composition 7, 4 weeks Initial 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 5° C. 0.01 0.11 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.05 25° C./60% RH 0.19 0.16 0.13 0.11 1.76 0.51 0.22 0.01 0.05 0.05 40° C./75% RH 0.23 0.21 0.46 1.41 0.67 5.60 0.22 0.07 1.00 0.81 0.29 0.56 0.05 Composition 8, 4 weeks Initial 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 5° C. 0.02 0.01 0.02 25° C./60% RH 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 40° C./75% RH 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.11 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 Composition 9, 4 weeks Initial 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 5° C. 0.17 0.10 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.67 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.02 0.05 25° C./60% RH 0.13 0.23 0.36 1.00 0.09 3.18 0.46 0.02 0.58 0.59 0.1 0.68 0.14 40° C./75% RH 0.65 1.25 0.29 2.95 0.32 2.99 1.71 0.04 0.30 0.12 0.49 3.69 0.7 Composition 10, 4 weeks Initial 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 5° C. 0.01 0.01 25° C./60% RH 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.02 40° C./75% RH 0.11 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.16 0.12 0.14 Composition 11, 4 weeks Initial 0.02 0.02 5° C. 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 25° C./60% RH 0.02 0.01 0.09 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.07 40° C./75% RH 0.02 0.19 0.12 0.27 0.04 0.16 0.04 0.02 0.33 0.60 0.43 Composition 12, 4 weeks Initial 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 5° C. 0.26 0.10 0.09 0.05 0.42 0.17 0.09 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.06 25° C./60% RH 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.02 0.07 0.38 0.1 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.19 0.19 0.67 40° C./75% RH 0.42 0.11 0.53 0.07 0.16 0.31 0.32 0.07 0.04 0.98 1.41 2.58 Composition 13, 4 weeks Initial 0.02 5° C. 0.01 0.01 25° C./60% RH 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 40° C./75% RH 0.15 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.15 0.18 0.18 Composition 14, 4 weeks Initial 0.01 0.02 5° C. 0.05 0.01 0.02 25° C./60% RH 0.16 0.03 0.03 0.02 40° C./75% RH 0.04 0.03 0.35 0.02 0.11 0.12 0.02 Composition 15, 4 weeks Initial 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 5° C. 0.01 0.01 0.02 25° C./60% RH 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 40° C./75% RH 0.05 0.01 0.25 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.10 0.28 Composition 16, 4 weeks Initial 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 5° C. 0.01 0.16 0.03 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.22 0.07 25° C./60% RH 0.36 0.1 1.87 0.58 0.63 0.75 0.01 0.19 2.76 0.05 4.27 0.15 40° C./75% RH 0.41 0.27 0.99 0.17 0.45 0.34 0.77 0.05 0.08 2.97 0.64 4.5 0.59 Composition 17, 4 weeks Initial 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 5° C. 0.01 0.02 25° C./60% RH 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 40° C./75% RH 0.13 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.12 0.12 0.17 Composition 18, 16 days Initial 1.58 0.26 0.55 0.36 0.05 25° C./60% RH 3.39 0.20 0.17* 0.09 0.09 1.08 40° C./75% RH 3.39 0.20 0.18* 0.08 0.10 1.08 data after 1 week, not 16 days - Compositions 1, 3, 5 and 7 did not contain any organic acid, and the tables show that considerable degradation occurred during the observation period. By contrast, the degradation observed for compositions 2, 4 and 6 (which all contained 0.1 wt % citric acid) was considerably less. Compositions 5 and 6 both contained antimicrobial agents and preservatives, yet composition 6 (containing 0.1 wt % citric acid) was more stable than composition 5.
- Compositions 8-18 contained a variety of acids. Compositions 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 and 18 (containing 0.1 wt % ascorbic acid, 0.1 wt % citric acid, 0.1 wt % lactic acid, 0.1 wt % fumaric acid, 0.1 wt % malic acid, 0.1 wt % oxalic acid, 0.1 wt % succinic acid, 0.1 wt % tartaric acid and 0.1 wt % phosphoric acid respectively) all showed improved stability compared to composition 7 (containing no organic acid). Compositions 9 and 16 (containing 0.1 wt % acetic acid and 0.1 wt % salicylic acid) did not show an appreciable improvement compared to composition 7 and it would seem that these acids are less effective at improving stability (although the inventors believe that these acid may provide an improvement if used at another concentration).
- The stability of the ethanol compositions (compositions 19-24) was assessed in substantially the same manner as for the sesame oil compositions except that they were only assessed at only one set of conditions (40° C.) and the compositions were analysed after 60 hours and 1 month.
- Table 4 shows that the composition that did not contain citric acid (composition 19) showed the greatest degradation and there seems to be a slight correlation between increasing citric acid content and increased stability.
-
TABLE 4 Stability tests for compositions 19-24 % Peak Areas according to Relative Retention Time (RRT) Condition 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.66 0.67 0.70 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.90 0.95 Initial 0.11 Composition 40° C./60 hr 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.02 1.80 0.35 0.02 19 40° C./1 mo 0.34 0.34 0.14 8.6 1.58 5.13 0.13 2.33 0.07 1.46 0.52 0.34 Composition 40° C./60 hr 0.3 0.02 0.04 0.07 20 40° C./1 mo 0.02 2.38 0.19 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.58 Composition 40° C./60 hr 0.04 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.08 21 40° C./1 mo 0.02 2.51 0.2 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.6 Composition 40° C./60 hr 0.35 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.04 22 40° C./1 mo 0.02 3.37 0.27 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.23 0.02 0.69 Composition 40° C./60 hr 0.31 0.03 0.11 0.11 0.02 23 40° C./1 mo 0.02 0.02 3.03 0.25 0.12 0.04 0.03 0.42 0.01 0.51 Composition 40° C./60 hr 0.02 0.28 0.03 0.16 0.02 0.11 0.02 24 40° C./1 mo 0.02 1.71 0.14 0.13 0.02 0.03 0.39 0.24
Claims (6)
1. A composition comprising:
(a) (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol,
(b) a solvent comprising sesame oil, and
(c) an acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, salicylic acid and tartaric acid, and
wherein after up to 4 weeks at (i) 5° C., (ii) 25° C./60% relative humidity, or (iii) 40° C./75% relative humidity, the composition comprises:
a′) ≦3.69% cannabinol when the acid is acetic acid;
b′) ≦0.60% cannabinol when the acid is lactic acid;
c′) ≦0.12% cannabinol when the acid is oxalic acid;
d′) ≦0.1% cannabinol when the acid is succinic acid;
e′) ≦4.5% cannabinol when the acid is salicylic acid; or
f′) ≦0.12% cannabinol when the acid is tartaric acid.
2. A composition comprising:
(a) (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol,
(b) a solvent comprising sesame oil, and
(c) phosphoric acid, and
wherein the composition comprises ≦1.08% cannabinol after up to 16 days at (i) 25° C./60% relative humidity, or (ii) 40° C./75% relative humidity.
3. A composition consisting essentially of:
a) (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol,
b) a solvent comprising sesame oil, and
c) an acid selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, malic acid and fumaric acid,
and, optionally, one or more anti-oxidants, antimicrobial agents, preservatives or a combination thereof, and
wherein after up to 4 weeks at (i) 5° C., (ii) 25° C./60% relative humidity, or (iii) 40° C./75% relative humidity, the composition comprises:
a′) ≦0.05% cannabinol when the acid is ascorbic acid;
b′) ≦1.41% cannabinol when the acid is fumaric acid; or
c′) ≦0.18% cannabinol when the acid is malic acid.
4. A composition comprising:
(a) a tetrahydrocannabinol compound selected from Δ8 tetrahydrocannabinol, (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and side chain alkyl derivatives of either compound,
(b) a solvent comprising C1-C4 alcohols, and
(c) an acid selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, malic acid and fumaric acid.
5. A composition comprising:
(a) a tetrahydrocannabinol compound selected from Δ8 tetrahydrocannabinol, (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and side chain alkyl derivatives of either compound,
(b) a solvent comprising ethanol, and
(c) carbonic acid formed from dissolved CO2 in the ethanol.
6. A composition consisting essentially of:
a) a tetrahydrocannabinol compound selected from Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol, (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and side chain alkyl derivatives of either compound,
b) a solvent comprising ethanol, and
c) carbonic acid formed from dissolved CO2 in the ethanol,
and, optionally, one or more anti-oxidants, antimicrobial agents, preservatives or a combination thereof.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/237,388 US20120010279A1 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2011-09-20 | Composition comprising (-)-delta9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
US13/302,289 US8980940B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2011-11-22 | Stable cannabinoid compositions and methods for making and storing them |
US13/596,716 US8476312B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2012-08-28 | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
US13/912,823 US8906956B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2013-06-07 | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
US14/575,162 US9814775B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2014-12-18 | Method for making and storing stable cannabinoid compositions and method for treatment using such compositions |
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US11/595,682 US8039509B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2006-11-10 | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
US13/237,388 US20120010279A1 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2011-09-20 | Composition comprising (-)-delta9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
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US11/595,682 Division US8039509B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2006-11-10 | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
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US13/302,289 Continuation-In-Part US8980940B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2011-11-22 | Stable cannabinoid compositions and methods for making and storing them |
US13/596,716 Continuation US8476312B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2012-08-28 | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
US13/596,716 Division US8476312B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2012-08-28 | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
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US20120010279A1 true US20120010279A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
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US13/237,388 Abandoned US20120010279A1 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2011-09-20 | Composition comprising (-)-delta9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
US13/596,716 Active US8476312B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2012-08-28 | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
US13/912,823 Active US8906956B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2013-06-07 | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
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US13/596,716 Active US8476312B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2012-08-28 | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
US13/912,823 Active US8906956B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2013-06-07 | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
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US (4) | US8039509B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2086954B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5453096B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101578276A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007316584B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2669021A1 (en) |
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US10610512B2 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2020-04-07 | Island Breeze Systems Ca, Llc | MDI related products and methods of use |
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US8980940B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2015-03-17 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Stable cannabinoid compositions and methods for making and storing them |
US8039509B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2011-10-18 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Composition comprising (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol |
EP2642982A2 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2013-10-02 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Stable cannabinoid compositions and methods for making and storing them |
US8741341B2 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2014-06-03 | Insys Therapeutics, Inc. | Manufacturing and packaging room temperature stable dronabinol capsules |
DE102012105063C5 (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2023-09-14 | Thc Pharm Gmbh The Health Concept | Stabilization of cannabinoids and their pharmaceutical preparations |
CN103110582A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-05-22 | 上海医药工业研究院 | Cannabinol compound micro-emulsion and preparation method thereof |
USD772284S1 (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-11-22 | Apple Inc. | Display screen or portion thereof with a set of graphical user interfaces |
US10660872B2 (en) | 2014-11-03 | 2020-05-26 | Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd. | Methods for treatment of cognitive decline |
USD776682S1 (en) * | 2015-09-04 | 2017-01-17 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Display screen or portion thereof with animated graphical user interface |
USD801377S1 (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-10-31 | ProductionPro LLC | Display panel with transitional graphical user interface |
US10272360B2 (en) | 2017-08-05 | 2019-04-30 | Priya Naturals, Inc. | Phytochemical extraction system and methods to extract phytochemicals from plants including plants of the family Cannabaceae sensu stricto |
AU2018323861B2 (en) * | 2017-08-27 | 2023-08-17 | Rhodes Technologies | Pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of ophthalmic conditions |
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GB9726916D0 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-02-18 | Danbiosyst Uk | Nasal formulation |
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GB0112752D0 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2001-07-18 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Synthesis of cannabinoids |
WO2003006010A1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-23 | Norton Healthcare Limited | Aerosol formulations of δ8 tetrahydrocannabinol |
AU2003250372A1 (en) * | 2002-06-22 | 2004-01-06 | Norton Healthcare Limited | Pharmaceutical composition |
MXPA05001567A (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2005-04-25 | Gw Pharma Ltd | Cannabinoid liquid formulations for mucosal amdinistration. |
US20040229939A1 (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2004-11-18 | Chowdhury Dipak K. | Tetrahydrocannabinol compositions and methods of manufacture and use thereof |
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US20080139644A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
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