US2011593A - Packing fabric - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 20, 1935. F. J. REUTER PACKING FABRIC Filed sept. ze, 1928 M, mm WH mm J n v cohesion.

Patented Aug. 20, 1935 UNITED STATES voi-"riot:

to Packmat Corporation Application september 26,1928,I seriai No. 308,381 `1 claim. (015154-455) My invention relates to p-ackingmaterials for stuffing' boxes and, more particularly, to packing fabrics. y

`A good packing material should possess as'great ainobility of its constituent parts as it is possible to provide forit without destroying thernecessary cohesion. Loosexpacking, `.while mobile, is lacking in cohesion. On the other hand, packing fabrics, as made today, Whether in sheet form or ribbons, are closely wovenand, therefore, are devoid of mobility although possessing the necessary In acopending application,` Serial No. 204,450, which has beenissuedas Patent No. 1,847,262, dated Marchi, 1932, I have disclosed a new packi ing `fabric in which great mobility is combined tion ofmy invention.

with strong cohesion of the `constituent parts. The fabric, as described infthe aforesaid application, is a loosely woven mesh composed of strands of soft metaLxstrands of a refractory material,V and strands of a'yarn, such as flax, for instance. The fabric is impregnated with a suitable lubricant.l 1-V u As I stated in my former application; I have `obtained satisfactory 'results in some cases where the flax was omitted from the mesh. The present application is concerned with this modifica- Referring to the drawing, Figure 1 is a plan View of afabric embodying my invention, in sheet form. Figures 2 and `3 are plan views of this fabric after it has been stretched, respectively, in the longitudinal and in the transversal directions. Figure 4 is a plan View of a fabric made in accordance With my invention but differing from the one shown in Figure 1 in that the strands are lnot continuous, Figure 5 is a plan view of the same fabric formed into a, gasket of irregular shape. Figures 6 and 7 are, respectively, a top Viewl and a cross section of a similar fabric in tubular form. Figure 8 is a plan view of another modication of my invention. Figure 9 is a detail .showing one of the strands of the fabric illustrated in Figure 8, enlarged.

In Figures 1 to 7, the fabric is a mesh comp-rising strands I, of a soft metal, such as lead,

are inclinedto the border lines a, a', b, of the sheet, Iat `an angle ,corresponding to the mutual inclination` ofthe strands to one another. aWhen, as in Figure l, the strands are intermeshed at a right angle, theyjform .any angle of 45 with the border lines. Figures 2 and 3 `clearly show `how the inclination of the strands to the border `lines changes With the change in the mutual angle of the strands to one another.

v .f In the case of a tubular fabricFigures 6 and `'7, the strands form helices at each` point of which the tangent makes'v an angle of`45 with the axis X-"=X. Y The angle of this tangent may be varied withinwide limits, and 45 has been adopted in the drawing merely as an illustration.

The strands may be continuous, asin Figure 1, or discontinuous, as in Figure 4. In'the case-,of a sheet or .ribbon,with continuous` strands, the strands are bent Where they meet on the border lines, at an angle corresponding tothe angle formed by the intermeshing strands, as 'explained above. Inthe case of a tubular fabric, no bending of thiskind is needed. l

The spacing of the strands must be sumcient tofperniit deformation. of the fabric inf orderto secure the necessary mobility. No definite figuresI can be given to cover all cases, as the spacing depends on several variable factors, such as what materials are used for the strands, whether the metal strands are solid or composed of a plurality of filaments, or what lubricant the fabric is impregnated with. For instance, a metal strand composed of a plurality of filaments has intrinsically more mobility than a solid strand, so that spacing may be closer in the former case than in the latter. Likewise, the nature of the lubricant may have an eiect on the spacing proportions. For instance, a thin lubricant, such as oil, is compatible with a somewhat closer spacing than a thick lubricant, such as a wax, or a gum.

Instead of intermeshing the strands of metal and the strands of fibrous material as separate elements, I may form compound strands 3, by twisting metal and fibrous strands around one another, as shown in Figure 9, or by making them into braids, and then weave the mesh in the same manner `as before but with the composite strands, as illustrated in Figure 8.

After the mesh is woven, it is placed in a vacuum tank and impregnated with a lubricant. For the latter I may use an oil, a Wax, or a gum; or any combination of them; or I may use any one of these lubricants, singly or in combination, with the addition of graphite.

As constructed, my fabric is easily deformable,

l fabric may be elongated, causing a correspond# ing contraction transversally, as is illustrated 1 in FigureZ; or it may be expanded transversally,

causing a corresponding longitudinal contrae-- tion,I as is illustrated in Figurek 3.'` `In'the case of a tube, vaxial extensionor contraction is accompaniedespectively, by 1a.,.contracton or exv pansioriulofcgthe cross section. ability to expandv and to contract, characteristic of -my fabric, endows it with a plasticity Whichis lack;- ing in both, the packing fabrics as they are manufactured today, and the variousfbr'in's of packing, besides the advantage' "of .Ir'ly fabric] solid packing materials.

in possessing cohesion which a loose packing has fabric is of moreuniformcharacter.

rone familiar with its uses-i;s^avvare,lise.very un# evenandirregular, andy liableztolcausebinding. v

A v My V,fabricis notv onlynfree :from: the. defectsv .due tohinsufcient'.mobility,..but itpossesses great purpose;

tobe ysubjectA tol the :action ofristrongcacidsjit. is l facility for automatically :adjusting.iitselfztov For light duty, lead, tin, aluminum, or light alloys arelappropriate. Ordinarily; vlead Willlserve the QIn leases-,.Wherefthe packingzzis .likely better to use aluminum'fo'r Athe,=metalc strands;

For heavy duty; with 'high temperatures; or lhigh pressures, orfhigh'speeds, or kWhere greaterten-5 sile strength'of the...packing' is-;required,. copper should' be-used.

fl-I havev found.thatIsatisfactoryfresults are se# .cured forlvariations inlthe proportions of metal,

portionlof 281 partsy `asbestos'v-to 100 i' parts lead;v

weight. lvaried Within 'as Wide a rangeas inthe case of lead strands.

r`.the duty to be performed. y prefer to make up vthe'lubricant of one ypart oil, lonepart'vvax orfgum,.and-two parts graphite,

Aby Weight. j This proportion, however, may be greatly varied, satisfactory results having been .packingmaterialis required,. an excellentr formula: is'. l. part asbestos.; to'jlraltts'. Copper, by Here, again, the proportion may be si' o the selection and proportion of lubrifzcant, this,zalrso,depends on the duty to be performed. The proportion of lubricant may vary t Y v y l from.8`% to 50% of the total Weight of the fabric,. not, the mobility of the constituent; partsin''m'y The..mo"i bility' of the` particles ina loose packing,"fs every" the?percentageincreasing with the heaviness of For high duty, I

theseproportions` being, "of course, approximate and flexible.

and' aWhalff-parts graphitewth only' a trace of Waxorgum, or even Without any. Itfmay. be

VVWell-tonote that heavy 4oil should be preferably used in making vup the lubricant When the tem` per'atures involved are high, vvhileyfor 10W temperatures; light oil is more suitable." l `My fabriois'also adaptedifor'useas a gasket, owing to its great pliability. Such a gasketris illustrated'in Figure. -It`may beformed .of a single layer'- ofthefabric, orgof. several super imposedlayers,V or it may be of tubular construction',suchgas is shovvninliguresv 6 and 7, or in vanyof the'. many formssuitablefor the purpose andyvell known inthe art. f 2 y 'A packing fabricl comprising. a. mesh ofspaced continuous strands., inclined ,to the longitudinal direction thereof, said. strands .beingl composed of filaments of a soft metal and'of a brous material-'twisted around one another. f

v AFRANCIS JEAN.REUTER..

n For light duty, I prefer to makev upthe'lubricantof one part oil and one to one l

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